ChaseDream

标题: GWD 3-10 [打印本页]

作者: lukrenee    时间: 2004-11-18 14:13
标题: GWD 3-10

Q10:


Antarctica receives more solar radiation than does any other place on Earth, yet the temperatures are so cold and the ice cap is reflective, so that little polar ice melts during the summer; otherwise, the water levels of the oceans would rise 250 feet and engulf most of the world’s great cities.







  1. is reflective, so that little polar ice melts during the summer; otherwise,
  2. is so reflective that little of the polar ice melts during the summer; were it to do so,
  3. so reflective that little polar ice melts during the summer, or else
  4. reflective, so that little of the polar ice melts during the summer, or
  5. reflects so that little of the polar ice melts during the summer; if it did

此题答案为B,IT是什么?指代不清,就算指代的是前面的polar ice ,DO SO指melts,polar ice 是不会象人一样主动去BE TO DO STH的,因此相比较我认为C更准确,省略助动词IS,因前面已有助动词,OR ELSE是口语用法,连词,UNLESS的意思,虽是口语但相对而言只有C更正确了,请讨论


作者: LES    时间: 2004-11-18 15:06
be to do sth. 只是虚拟语气表达,况且前面有说little of the polar ice melts,后面省略说do so当然就可以了。
作者: lukrenee    时间: 2004-11-19 04:27

B补全了就是IF IT WERE TO DO SO,虽是虚拟,还是不能用于物的主语呀,如果用虚拟,而IT又可清楚指代little of the polar ice,应该这样用,DID IT MELT,怎么可以用WERE TO DO,那是表如果IT准备去MELT了(但实际并没准备去MELT),怎说得通?请指教


作者: mikeleven    时间: 2004-11-22 14:12

首先,我认为题目可能有误:temperature不会cold吧?,应该是temperature is high or low

B的were it to do so我无法理解,ice cap是融还是不融。
因为前面用的是little of the polar ice>>"极少的冰融,大部分都不融",那么分号后是要理解为1."如果极少的冰融了"?
2."如果极少的冰不融"?
3."大部分的冰不融"?
4."大部分的冰融"?

C的so reflects应该是可行的,前面若补出is反而错。这种省略的用法是要强调and前后两者的紧凑性,"既A且B",不单单是要说"A与B"。由于要强调两者的紧凑性而做BE动词的省略,所以就不考虑时态或单复数了。

至于or else我个人感觉类似otherwise的用法,但因为个人阅读量极少,所以对or else不甚了解,还请大家指教

另外,little of the polar ice与little polar ice的意思表达有什么不同也请大家多讨论吧!


作者: irene2023    时间: 2004-11-30 10:14

我也觉得题目有问题

1.      mikeleven所说,temperatures are so cold很怪,应是temperatures are low才对

2.      大家应该也有注意到,gwd4-28也是这个题目,但(B)多个not(改成were it not to do so),和本题句子意思刚好相反,但这二题答案都是(B),不是很奇怪吗?

         我觉得解题还是应以句子的意思优先,本题(gwd3-10)(C)虽然语法有些瑕疵,但句意才是对的。

   而(B)were it to do soit指代little of the polar ice,意思为:假若极少冰融了,海面将会升高250呎并且淹没世上多数大城市。这样意思不对啊!只有极少冰融了,怎么还会淹没世上多数大城市呢?

   但若是gwd4-28,我就会选(B),因为意思对,语法也比(C)好,各位认为呢?


作者: egretxm    时间: 2004-12-16 06:53

对楼上两位的分析深有同感!补充三点


1,gwd4-28, B还是不对


2, were it (not) to do so,  这个it指什么都不对,


按意思:little of polar ice --- irene2023 说了,不对。


按从句在主句前,从句中代词优先指代主句主语:the water levels of the oceans-荒谬


3, C, or else,… 表示后面是与前面整句相反的情况,而B无此意!


4,or else 在OG 阅读,逻辑题里大量出现 例句:


either…. , or else… 连接句子



People who take what others regard as a ridiculous position should not bother to say, “I mean every word!” For either their position truly is ridiculous, in which case insisting that they are serious about it only exposes them to deeper embarrassment, or else their position has merit, in which case they should meet disbelief with rational argument rather than with assurances of their sincerity.






either… or else 连接句子,两个谓语,或两个短语



Either a democracy does not function well or else the electorate is not moral or not intelligent.



Presupposing that each one of BanqueCard’s clients had either been overcharged or else had been undercharged by the billing error



For Juanita to get to the zoo she must take either the number 12 bus or else the subway.



The patient is suffering either from disease X or else from disease Y, but there is no available test for distinguishing X from Y.






单独用or else



Someone with severe nasal congestion has a sinus infection or else is suffering from an allergy






Our new computer network, the purpose of which is to increase productivity, can be installed during the day, which would disrupt our employees’ work, or else at night, which would entail much higher installation charges. Since saving money is important, we should have the network installed during the day.






[此贴子已经被作者于2004-12-16 7:01:29编辑过]

作者: eSpirit    时间: 2005-2-21 20:27
以下是引用mikeleven在2004-11-22 14:12:00的发言:

C的so reflects应该是可行的,前面若补出is反而错。这种省略的用法是要强调and前后两者的紧凑性,"既A且B",不单单是要说"A与B"。由于要强调两者的紧凑性而做BE动词的省略,所以就不考虑时态或单复数了。




非常赞同这样的说法,我在平时阅读中也确实碰到很多的这样的表达,即把第二个助动词给省略了!


作者: scorpio0001    时间: 2005-2-26 20:09

注意:以下分析是错误的,特此提醒,以免误导大家。详见13楼rhod NN分析。


支持C项,B项逻辑意思有问题:如果这样了(温度低且冰盖反射强),海平面将上升...


我们都有常识,温度高了极地的冰融化了海平面才上升。所以B100%不对。另外or else是“否则”的意思,在这里用意思合理。


另外,我想问2个问题:


1、并列句的省略。我们都知道并列句be动词相同可以省略。


但这里的第二个be是is 而非 are, 能算一样的来省略么?另外,如果时态不一样的be能否省略。关于这些省略能否举出例子?


2、little 和 little of 的区别


[此贴子已经被作者于2005-4-7 17:24:04编辑过]

作者: 而今迈步从头越    时间: 2005-2-27 15:56

我也支持选C,B中it指代little polar ice, 而不是polar ice,所以B的逻辑意思错误!


作者: anyname    时间: 2005-3-27 16:45

我以为我喜欢了B,结果发现内心对C的感觉确始终无法抹去,呵呵~~

...little of the polar ice melts during the summer; were it to do so,...

less 是代词=only a small amount【Longman】,等于:

...only a small amount of the polar ice melts during the summer; were it to do so,...

所以这句话就是,翻成:...极冰的很少量在夏天融解,如果它这样做的话,大家就被淹了...,它是什么?要做什么?都很歧义。所以又有些不很喜欢B,倾向C了。

附Longman 中 or else的例子 (spoken):

It must be important, or else he wouldn't have called at 3 a.m.

They must have thought everything was safe, or else they would have warned us.


作者: rhod    时间: 2005-4-6 22:04

1、并列句的省略。我们都知道并列句be动词相同可以省略。
但这里的第二个be是is 而非 are, 能算一样的来省略么?

可以。GWD里面有一题很经典,有人认为是独立主格,有人认为是省略了be动词。在那题的讨论帖里面,我举了几个例子来证明是省略的be动词的平行结构。

具体的题目,我一点点都记不来了。 mm如果看GWD总结的时候,肯定会看到这一题的。

另外,如果时态不一样的be能否省略。关于这些省略能否举出例子?

这点我也不是很清楚,我觉得应该是不可以。

2、little 和 little of 的区别

看了几个回帖,发现大家都没有注意到这道题的奥妙。

我的解题思路是这样的:

这题划线后是虚拟语气,划线前是一般现在时,所以or else必错。需要一个分号和虚拟条件句,所以合适的选项是B, E。E有明显错误,可以排除。

进一步我们来看B, 自然会怀疑it的指代。it应该指代polar ice, 所以没有逻辑错误。全句的意思是:

......在夏天很少有极冰融化;如果它(指极冰)融化的话,会造成......

因为B里面用了little of the polar ice, 核心词是the polar ice, 所以it指代the polar ice, 类似于A of B, it指代B. 而如果是little polar ice, little是修饰成分,所以it指代是little polar ice, 这样逻辑反而不对。

我猜测ETS的出题思路是,先根据虚拟结构出题,发现答案里面有it指代的问题,所以把little polar ice改为little of the polar ice来明确指代。

综上,首先,答案B没有逻辑错误。其次,没有逻辑错误是因为it指代polar ice。最后,要判断it指代的对象,必须了解little, little of的区别。


作者: scorpio0001    时间: 2005-4-7 18:04

rhod NN 对ETS简直研究到骨头里去了。

对于楼上的帖子:

1、对于分号的阐述非常精妙。

2、对于it的指代问题,NN已经多次纠正我的认识问题,特此感谢!


作者: Dennies    时间: 2005-4-11 19:35

我赞同B

B没有逻辑错误,我觉的大家不要想太多关于代词(如这题的IT)的指代问题,一切从逻辑意思出发!

little与 little of 修饰是有歧义的

想请教OTHERWISE后要用虚拟吗?

还有,请问SO THAT与SO......THAT的区别是不是主要在前者强调目的与结果,后者强调修饰语而导致的结果,我这样理解对吗?这可做为排除错误选项的依据吗?

谢谢NN


作者: godiex    时间: 2005-5-5 22:47
以下是引用rhod在2005-4-6 22:04:00的发言:


看了几个回帖,发现大家都没有注意到这道题的奥妙。


我的解题思路是这样的:


这题划线后是虚拟语气,划线前是一般现在时,所以or else必错。需要一个分号和虚拟条件句,所以合适的选项是B, E。E有明显错误,可以排除。


进一步我们来看B, 自然会怀疑it的指代。it应该指代polar ice, 所以没有逻辑错误。全句的意思是:


......在夏天很少有极冰融化;如果它(指极冰)融化的话,会造成......


因为B里面用了little of the polar ice, 核心词是the polar ice, 所以it指代the polar ice, 类似于A of B, it指代B. 而如果是little polar ice, little是修饰成分,所以it指代是little polar ice, 这样逻辑反而不对。


我猜测ETS的出题思路是,先根据虚拟结构出题,发现答案里面有it指代的问题,所以把little polar ice改为little of the polar ice来明确指代。


综上,首先,答案B没有逻辑错误。其次,没有逻辑错误是因为it指代polar ice。最后,要判断it指代的对象,必须了解little, little of的区别。


精彩!赞!

附:rhod所说的GWD那道题是GWD5-1,也是激起无数争论的一道题。建议看下面两个帖子比较经典:

http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardid=23&star=2&replyid=495304&id=56341&skin=0&page=1

http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=23&ID=70567&page=1


作者: po_po72    时间: 2005-5-17 04:54

因为B里面用了little of the polar ice, 核心词是the polar ice, 所以it指代the polar ice, 类似于A of B,  

看到牛牛这句  我有点犯晕了   一般如果是主语 A of B +谓语动词的时候   A如果是复数 B如果是单数  动词是跟A走的呀

那核心词不是A吗?


作者: barmecide    时间: 2005-6-10 23:57

看了几个关于这个题的讨论帖子,发现大家都在讨论B,C的问题。为什么没有人认为A是正确答案呢?


谈谈我的看法,C毫无疑问是错的,因为or else前面用的是逗号,而or else本身是不能做连词的


B虽然前面很工整,但后面有两个问题不太明确,1)it的指代,前面句子有很多名词,造成指代不清,另外即使指代从句的主语,也应该指代主语的名词结构的全部,而不能仅指代其中的一部分,不能同意前面帖子中的意思,因为主语改成little of polar ice,it就可以只指代polar ice。little of polar ice是做一个整体概念出现的,并且中心词是little。it只能指代little of polar ice这样造成逻辑错误。另外,so用来指代前面的句子的行为,也有模糊的问题,so可能认为是指代melt也可能认识是指代be cold与be reflective


A are so cold,so可以理解成副词表程度,应该很常见,例如,I am so happy。so that做为固定搭配可是表示目的,也是表示结果,可以翻译成因此,所以等等,记得高中与大学英语中有很多这种用法。用分号引导一个otherwise引起的一个反之如何的虚拟语气的句子,没有使用任何引起歧义的代词指代。


请能告诉我为什么A不能做为正确答案?


作者: 丑得老婆哭    时间: 2005-9-4 17:48
以下是引用rhod在2005-4-6 22:04:00的发言:


看了几个回帖,发现大家都没有注意到这道题的奥妙。


我的解题思路是这样的:


这题划线后是虚拟语气,划线前是一般现在时,所以or else必错。需要一个分号和虚拟条件句,所以合适的选项是B, E。E有明显错误,可以排除。


进一步我们来看B, 自然会怀疑it的指代。it应该指代polar ice, 所以没有逻辑错误。全句的意思是:


......在夏天很少有极冰融化;如果它(指极冰)融化的话,会造成......


因为B里面用了little of the polar ice, 核心词是the polar ice, 所以it指代the polar ice, 类似于A of B, it指代B. 而如果是little polar ice, little是修饰成分,所以it指代是little polar ice, 这样逻辑反而不对。


我猜测ETS的出题思路是,先根据虚拟结构出题,发现答案里面有it指代的问题,所以把little polar ice改为little of the polar ice来明确指代。


综上,首先,答案B没有逻辑错误。其次,没有逻辑错误是因为it指代polar ice。最后,要判断it指代的对象,必须了解little, little of的区别。



我觉得你分析得太复杂了。关于little得问题,我是这么认为得:

little 作形容词有两个意思:1,少的;2,小的。因此,在C答案中,到底是很少的冰融化还是很小的冰融化?因此这是有歧义的,所以AC错。而用little of则很好的解决了这个问题!


[此贴子已经被作者于2005-9-4 17:48:48编辑过]

作者: dreamerps    时间: 2005-9-30 23:05

rhodNN啊



作者: oceanalma    时间: 2005-10-2 15:23
其实,还是不太明白or else的用法,那位能赐教
作者: earlybirdcyu    时间: 2005-10-9 15:25

Q10:GWD-3-10


LACE>AntarcticaLACE> receives more solar radiation than does any other place on Earth, yet the temperatures are so cold and the ice cap is reflective, so that little polar ice melts during the summer; otherwise, the water levels of the oceans would rise 250 feet and engulf most of the world’s great cities.








  1. is reflective, so that little polar ice melts during the summer; otherwise,

  2. is so reflective that little of the polar ice melts during the summer; were it to do so,

  3. so reflective that little polar ice melts during the summer, or else

  4. reflective, so that little of the polar ice melts during the summer, or

  5. reflects so that little of the polar ice melts during the summer; if it did谈点自己的看法,我觉得应选 C.如果选B "and the cap is ." 之前需要加 逗号, 见OG179解释。

作者: howardwang    时间: 2005-11-16 17:12

little of the polar ice 中的little应该是否定数量词(而C中应该是形容词)。所以,如果选择B,则were it to do so中的to  do so 应该具有否定的意思,即:如果它夏天几乎不融化.......


所以,觉得B是错误的。


应该选择C.


请NN们指正!


作者: dpreview    时间: 2005-11-17 09:46
标题: 回复:(rhod)[QUOTE]1、并列句的省略。我们都知道并...
1、并列句的省略。我们都知道并列句be动词相同可以省略。
但这里的第二个be是is 而非 are, 能算一样的来省略么?




可以。GWD里面有一题很经典,有人认为是独立主格,有人认为是省略了be动词。在那题的讨论帖里面,我举了几个例子来证明是省略的be动词的平行结构。


具体的题目,我一点点都记不来了。 mm如果看GWD总结的时候,肯定会看到这一题的。


这里:


So dogged were Frances Perkins’ investigations of the garment industry, and her lobbying for wage and hour reform was persistent, Alfred E. Smith and Franklin D. Roosevelt recruited Perkins to work within the government, rather than as a social worker.






  1. and her lobbying for wage and hour reform was persistent,
  2. and lobbying for wage and hour reform was persistent, so that
  3. her lobbying for wage and hour reform persistent, that
  4. lobbying for wage and hour reform was so persistent,
  5. so persistent her lobbying for wage and hour reform, that

answer - E


作者: dpreview    时间: 2005-11-17 10:54
标题: 回复:(lukrenee)B补全了就是IF IT WERE TO DO SO,...
....

[此贴子已经被作者于2008-7-30 12:36:11编辑过]

作者: sumel    时间: 2005-11-17 22:52
以下是引用earlybirdcyu在2005-10-9 15:25:00的发言:

Q10:GWD-3-10


LACE>AntarcticaLACE> receives more solar radiation than does any other place on Earth, yet the temperatures are so cold and the ice cap is reflective, so that little polar ice melts during the summer; otherwise, the water levels of the oceans would rise 250 feet and engulf most of the world’s great cities.








  1. is reflective, so that little polar ice melts during the summer; otherwise,

  2. is so reflective that little of the polar ice melts during the summer; were it to do so,

  3. so reflective that little polar ice melts during the summer, or else

  4. reflective, so that little of the polar ice melts during the summer, or

  5. reflects so that little of the polar ice melts during the summer; if it did谈点自己的看法,我觉得应选 C.如果选B "and the cap is ." 之前需要加 逗号, 见OG179解释。

我就是用这点排除B的,但好像nn们都没有提及这点,难道这点不是corrective错误?


作者: vedder    时间: 2005-11-26 15:06

对啊,主语不一样第二个and前面要加“,”啊,糊里糊涂选了c,没想到还有这么多文章啊!!


nn们对“,”这个点怎么看啊?


作者: feiqtx    时间: 2006-5-15 21:59

up!

OG 135的解释有同样的问题,且主语相同。

对这个问题应该怎么看呢?


作者: 香香茶    时间: 2006-5-15 22:46

我先举个章振邦语法书上的例子,是用and连接并列分句,但却没有用逗号的。

Think it over again and you will find a way out.(表示条件)

Mary likes music and Jim is fond of sports.(表示对比)

如果按上面的例子看来,B中没有逗号是应该允许的。但是,OG135中说,the inclusion of it requires a comma after classics to set off the new independent clause.再看OG179中,the comma required before and in larger compound sentences is ommited.意思是说,在大的复合分句中and前的逗号不能省。(而至于分句里面的小分句结构的逗号可不可以省,OG中如果有提的话,请知会我)

再看本题:

Antarctica receives more solar radiation than does any other place on Earth, yet the temperatures are so cold and the ice cap is reflective, so that little polar ice melts during the summer; otherwise, the water levels of the oceans would rise 250 feet and engulf most of the world’s great cities.

  1. is reflective, so that little polar ice melts during the summer; otherwise,
       
  2. is so reflective that little of the polar ice melts during the summer; were it to do so,
       
  3. so reflective that little polar ice melts during the summer, or else
       
  4. reflective, so that little of the polar ice melts during the summer, or
       
  5. reflects so that little of the polar ice melts during the summer; if it did

YET是该句子的大复合结构,和前半句构成转折意义的并列结构,而YET引出的分句里面包括两个小分句,即是:the temperatures are so cold 和 the ice cap is so reflective,如果在第二个分句前加,and,是否有可能造成与YET并列的嫌疑?这样的话,句子的结构是不是因此混乱了?

 

我因此猜测,是否在复合分句的小分句结构里,and来连接两分句可不用逗号?

 

实在是无法解释了。而从章振邦的语法书上的例子看来是可以的,还请大家指正!

 

 


[此贴子已经被作者于2006-5-15 22:49:56编辑过]

作者: feiqtx    时间: 2006-5-15 23:00

“YET是该句子的大复合结构,和前半句构成转折意义的并列结构,而YET引出的分句里面包括两个小分句,即是:the temperatures are so cold 和 the ice cap is so reflective,如果在第二个分句前加,and,是否有可能造成与YET并列的嫌疑?这样的话,句子的结构是不是因此混乱了?”

有道理,“我因此猜测,是否在复合分句的小分句结构里,and来连接两分句可不用逗号?”——可以确定吗?


作者: kathy8446    时间: 2006-8-16 12:51

在我已经非常convinced选C的时候看到这个run-on问题,真是……

我对run-on的理解是:连接两个完整句子要用逗号+连词,少一个都不行。从来没想过什么大复合结构或者复合结构的小分句之分,真有这么一说?

但是这题C在我理解范围内确也有run-on的问题,谁能解释一下?


作者: kathy8446    时间: 2006-8-16 14:44

看到rhod前辈回答GWD5-1的run-on问题,我觉得还是很有道理的!这题是一样的道理。

光so...还不是完整句,因而不存在run-on

以下是引用rhod在2004-9-10 21:37:00的发言:

我选E, 理由是完美的平行。

对于E, 前面的讨论也提出了不少疑惑,以下是我的看法.

1. 没有and, 是不是run-on?

在我看来, run-on的问题是针对两个独立单句之间是否正确联系的问题,这里So dogged were Frances Perkins' investigations of the garment industry不是一个独立单句,只是独立单句的其中一个部分, 所以不存在run-on的问题. 所以,有没有and,和run-on无关. 这道题目本身是一个独立单句.

2. 逗号能否充当并列关系?

答案是能. OG37有类似用法: only if it is taught as a separate, required course.

这里的逗号并列连接的是两个形容词。能不能连接更复杂的成分,我没有具体研究(这点请大家指正)。但是出于对完美平行的热爱,我倾向于认为能。另外,巧合的是这里的倒装结构所强调的核心词正好是两个形容词,so dogged, so persistent.


作者: linda816    时间: 2006-10-4 02:02

从虚拟角度来说,B肯定是比C好的,但是我选择的时候,觉得B的RUN-ON情况很明显阿,能不能有人仔细说说阿


作者: yyqq    时间: 2006-10-20 09:03

B不是Run on!

这是我用google在网上(http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/runons.htm)找的一个例子:

Here's a sample of a good 239-word sentence. It's not the kind of thing you'd want to read very often, but it does work. Remember, this is not a run-on sentence.
     

Knowing that millions of people around the world would be watching in person and on television and expecting great things from him — at least one more gold medal for America, if not another world record — during this, his fourth and surely his last appearance in the World Olympics, and realizing that his legs could no longer carry him down the runway with the same blazing speed and confidence in making a huge, eye-popping leap that they were capable of a few years ago when he set world records in the 100-meter dash and in the 400-meter relay and won a silver medal in the long jump, the renowned sprinter and track-and-field personality Carl Lewis, who had known pressure from fans and media before but never, even as a professional runner, this kind of pressure, made only a few appearances in races during the few months before the Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia, partly because he was afraid of raising expectations even higher and he did not want to be distracted by interviews and adoring fans who would follow him into stores and restaurants demanding autographs and photo-opportunities, but mostly because he wanted to conserve his energies and concentrate, like a martial arts expert, on the job at hand: winning his favorite competition, the long jump, and bringing home another Gold Medal for the United States, the most fitting conclusion to his brilliant career in track and field.

 

There is only one independent clause in this horrific sentence! Find the subject of that clause and the verb(s) that go with it. If you run the mouse cursor over the subject and verb(s), they will be identified for you in the browser status window at the bottom of the browser window.

黄线部分就是because从句中的两个并列句,没有逗号。

OG 135/179解释正好说明两个独立句(two independent clauses)之间需要逗号,没有说明从句里的并列句的情况。


[此贴子已经被作者于2006-10-20 9:09:05编辑过]

作者: rio    时间: 2006-11-13 00:16
以下是引用丑得老婆哭在2005-9-4 17:48:00的发言:

我觉得你分析得太复杂了。关于little得问题,我是这么认为得:

little 作形容词有两个意思:1,少的;2,小的。因此,在C答案中,到底是很少的冰融化还是很小的冰融化?因此这是有歧义的,所以AC错。而用little of则很好的解决了这个问题!


不同意这个观点

little虽然有小的意思,但这里如果指小的冰的话,应该用small,因此little不会产生歧义


作者: 期待蔚蓝    时间: 2006-12-18 01:27

谁能解释一下E为什么不对啊?

急!


作者: zhkendra    时间: 2007-9-26 11:31

Antarctica receives more solar radiation than does any other place on Earth, yet the
temperatures are so cold and the ice cap is reflective, so that little polar ice melts during
the summer; otherwise, the water levels of the oceans would rise 250 feet and engulf
most of the world’s great cities.
A. is reflective, so that little polar ice melts during the summer; otherwise,
B. is so reflective that little of the polar ice melts during the summer; were it to do so,?
C. so reflective that little polar ice melts during the summer, or else
D. reflective, so that little of the polar ice melts during the summer, or
E. reflects so that little of the polar ice melts during the summer; if it did

这道题大家都想得太复杂了,太从语法上面当回事了。请大家想一下它的逻辑意思吧(这个逻辑意思也不要纠集在那个were it to do so 上面)

它原文的意思是说:极地虽然说是世界上最享受日光照射的地方(言外之意就是说,似乎那里的冰最容易化啊),但是(yet),由于那里的温度太低,冰帽又可以反射日光,所以在夏天的时候都几乎没有pllar ice 会溶化。

如果上文是这个意思的话,那么就请大家分清楚little of 和little 之间的区别。little of是少量的意思,既可以修饰可数名次也可以修饰不可数名次;little表示极少量,修饰不可数名词。

我们再看:这道题里面用了little of的选项是不是应当一律否决呢?因为little of 确实承认有小量冰山融化了的,而little是彻彻底底的告诉我们几乎没有冰山会溶,后者显然更有逻辑性。

那就只能从AC档中选啦。可是C的那个or else 晒台不太对厄。。。OG里面不是常说:sth happen, sth will happen; sth happened, sth would happen,前面都是present tense,怎么看怎么变扭,我想其实A是很好的。


[此贴子已经被作者于2007-9-26 11:32:41编辑过]

作者: miaomiao_622    时间: 2007-10-17 10:26

A哪里有问题?


作者: rorarora    时间: 2008-5-14 16:26

They must have thought everything was safe, or else they would have warned us.

恩,朗文上证明了,or else前后的时态必须一致,可以当连词,意义也不对。

还是不明白little,和little of .....


作者: joe_gross    时间: 2008-11-15 15:07
看你们瞎扯真浪费时间
作者: xsyxxgjj    时间: 2008-11-19 18:19

我快疯了


作者: jocelycherry    时间: 2009-5-25 19:13

我选C。 yet the temperatures are so cold and the ice cap is reflective, so that little polar ice melts during the summer; otherwise

so cold  和so reflective共同 和后边的that构成。so。。that结构。。

B项有割裂这种结构的嫌疑。

不知道这种考虑有道理没。大家来看看啊~。。。


作者: blue_sea826    时间: 2009-6-23 22:38
Antarctica receives more solar radiation than does any other place on Earth, yet the temperatures are so cold and the ice cap is reflective, so that little polar ice melts during the summer; otherwise, the water levels of the oceans would rise 250 feet and engulf most of the world’s great cities.

Original sentence has following error:

"Xs are so cold and Y is (so) reflective , so that " - Unidiomatic expression. Correct usage is "so X that Y....."
    

A. is reflective, so that little polar ice melts during the summer; otherwise,

--- as mentioned earlier

B. is so reflective that little of the polar ice melts during the summer; were it to do so,

--- CORRECT. Proper usage of idiom : Xs are so cold and so Y is so reflective that . And also phrase "were it to do so" introduces hypothetical situation/uncertainty which is required in the second half of the whole sentence.
C. so reflective that little polar ice melts during the summer, or else

--- where is the main verb? "is" is missing before "so reflective....".There exists a verb "are" but that is a plural verb. Ice cap is singular and requires a singular verb.


D. reflective, so that little of the polar ice melts during the summer, or

--- This option includes errors mentioned in option(A) and (C)

E. reflects so that little of the polar ice melts during the summer; if it did

--- Unidiomatic expression as mentioned in (A)
作者: huhuorbobo    时间: 2009-6-26 17:42

为什么A不对呢?

前面有人说otherwise导致逻辑不对,可是我觉得otherwise正好说明如果不是little polar ice melts during the summer,那么the water levels would rise阿。逻辑正确阿。

而且the tempretures are so cold and the ice cap is reflective,so that little polar ice metls 有什么问题呢??


作者: redredsun    时间: 2009-6-27 22:01
选B WERE IT TO DO SO=OTHERWISE 固定用法
作者: 尘未    时间: 2009-12-9 22:02
1、并列句的省略。我们都知道并列句be动词相同可以省略。
但这里的第二个be是is 而非 are, 能算一样的来省略么?
可以。GWD里面有一题很经典,有人认为是独立主格,有人认为是省略了be动词。在那题的讨论帖里面,我举了几个例子来证明是省略的be动词的平行结构。具体的题目,我一点点都记不来了。 mm如果看GWD总结的时候,肯定会看到这一题的。
另外,如果时态不一样的be能否省略。关于这些省略能否举出例子?
这点我也不是很清楚,我觉得应该是不可以。
2、little 和 little of 的区别
看了几个回帖,发现大家都没有注意到这道题的奥妙。我的解题思路是这样的:这题划线后是虚拟语气,划线前是一般现在时,所以or else必错。需要一个分号和虚拟条件句,所以合适的选项是B, E。E有明显错误,可以排除。进一步我们来看B, 自然会怀疑it的指代。it应该指代polar ice, 所以没有逻辑错误。全句的意思是:......在夏天很少有极冰融化;如果它(指极冰)融化的话,会造成......因为B里面用了little of the polar ice, 核心词是the polar ice, 所以it指代the polar ice, 类似于A of B, it指代B. 而如果是little polar ice, little是修饰成分,所以it指代是little polar ice, 这样逻辑反而不对。我猜测ETS的出题思路是,先根据虚拟结构出题,发现答案里面有it指代的问题,所以把little polar ice改为little of the polar ice来明确指代。综上,首先,答案B没有逻辑错误。其次,没有逻辑错误是因为it指代polar ice。最后,要判断it指代的对象,必须了解little, little of的区别。
-- by 会员 rhod (2005/4/6 22:04:00)



超赞!!前辈厉害,这才是ETS正解
作者: coolwave888    时间: 2010-5-7 23:38
这题划线后是虚拟语气,划线前是一般现在时,所以or else必错。

但是 朗文中的这个例句和前辈所说正好矛盾!这如何解释呢?I had to defend myself or else he'd have killed me.

前面是一般过去,后面是虚拟 用 or else 链接 且没有分号!?


作者: catherine66    时间: 2010-5-11 20:47
GWD语法到处是争议 还有必要再往下做么?
作者: lu80    时间: 2010-10-20 13:11
看了这道题的讨论受益匪浅,感谢前人栽树!

原题如下:

Antarctica receives more solar radiation than does any other place on Earth, yet the temperatures are so cold and the ice cap is reflective, so that little polar ice melts during the summer; otherwise, the water levels of the oceans would rise 250 feet and engulf most of the world’s great cities.

A.is reflective, so that little polar ice melts during the summer; otherwise,

B.is so reflective that little of the polar ice melts during the summer; were it to do so,

C.so reflective that little polar ice melts during the summer, or else

D.reflective, so that little of the polar ice melts during the summer, or

E.reflects so that little of the polar ice melts during the summer; if it did


说一说自己的理解吧
1. 从应试的角度讲
逻辑意思第一,具体的讲本句需要用As are so .. and B is so ... that...结构.
对于so... that... 结构, 具体应用于As are so .. and B is so ... that...
首先,不会重复使用 so ... so that ..., 尤其是用于并列结构 As are so .. and B is so ... that..., 这样我们排除A,D,E
其次, As are so .. and B is so... 里is不能省.选B

2.作为延伸
这道题后半句考察了OG中的if X happened, Y would happen结构. 这样的话, 分号后面的were it to do so是 If it wre to do so的改写.
or else有人说只能表转折,不能用于表达出虚拟.或者,可能老外的字典里表虚拟不能用or else吧.
little of表示少量,可以修饰不可数和可数名词, little只能修饰不可数名词.


以上仅仅是总结或者来自做一些题后的经验,没有翻阅词典,也没有找到出处.

因此,仅供参考,欢迎讨论.
作者: jcy123    时间: 2011-7-29 18:25
支持C项,《白勇》的语法上提及so that结构中应后面一个的be应该省略,留着反而不对;而Manhattan语法上说引导虚拟语气应用if形式,were it to do so不正式,因此认为应选C
作者: kittyjinglu    时间: 2012-5-19 11:07
厉害!终于醒悟了!
作者: lxskyfly    时间: 2013-6-30 22:39
讨论得真好!顶上去~其实比较有感叹的是,从Google搜CD的时候发现,最好的解释最多回复的讨论帖都是2010年之前来的,之后的帖子更多是寥寥数人回复。自己没有混迹太久,不明真相。但也是真心希望CD的好风气能够一如往日~加油儿~
作者: sherryqi    时间: 2014-3-29 19:40
rhod 发表于 2005-4-6 22:04
1、并列句的省略。我们都知道并列句be动词相同可以省略。但这里的第二个be是is 而非 are, 能算一样的来省略 ...

求讲解little和little of的区别~谢谢`!
作者: popeyeispop    时间: 2014-4-6 22:12
http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/source-sets-t1315.html
RON說是B了

作者: sophiewangapo    时间: 2014-6-2 10:56
谢谢啦。有帮助。




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