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标题: 关于this、these单独指代问题 [打印本页]

作者: yiqing2012    时间: 2012-10-30 14:58
标题: 关于this、these单独指代问题
Because there are provisions of the new martiime code that provide that even tiny islets can be the basis for claims to the fisheries and oil fields of large sea areas they have already stimulated international disputes over uninhabited islands.(A) Because there are provisions of the new martiime code that provide that even tiny islets can be the basis for claims to the fisheries and oil fields of large sea areas they have already stimulated
(B) Because the new martime code provides that even tiny islets can be the basis for claims to the fisheries and oil fields of large sea areas, it has already stimulated
(C) Even tiny islets can be the basis for claims to the fisheries and oil fields of large sea areas under provisions of the new martime code, already stimulating.
(D) Because even tiny islets can be the basis for claims to the fisheries and oil fields of large sea areas under provisions of the new maritime code, this has already stimulated
(E) Because even tiny islets can be the basis for claims to the fisheries and oil fields of large sea areas under provisions of the new martime code, which is already stimulating


这道题我在排除D的时候,是看到this直接排除了,prep在这道题中的解释中也说明“this不可以单独指代”。
但是prep在另一道题关于单独指代的解释和这里有出入:

Besides adding complementary flavors to many foods, hot sauces stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, just as exercise does, and these have a pain-relieving effect like morphine's.

(A)hot sauces stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, just as exercise does, and these have a pain-relieving effect like morphine's

(B)hot sauces stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, like exercise, and they have a pain-relieving effect that is like morphine

(C)hot sauces and exercise both stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, and they have a pain-relieving effect like morphine

(D)the release of endorphins in the brain is stimulated both by hot sauces and exercise, and they have a pain-relieving effect like morphine's

(E)the release of endorphins in the brain is stimulated by hot sauces, just as with exercise, and these have a pain-relieving effect like that of morphine

KeyA

小结:

1)除非很明显,this\these不能单独指代,要补出后面的名词。

2)they指代前面出现的对象,these指代离它最近的对象,指代都要满足逻辑符合,主谓一致的要求。

3)they前出现两个以上主谓符合的对象时,视其为指代不清。而these前出现两个以上主谓符合的对象时,可以就近指代,比they更佳。
我之前不记得在哪里看到的类似的解释是:只要these、this在句子中做主语,且指代离它最近的对象,那么单独指代也是对的。

那么D:Because even tiny islets can be the basis for claims to the fisheries and oil fields of large sea areas under provisions of the new maritime code, this has already stimulated...中this是后面一个句子的主语,且它指代最近的对象code,那么这里的this是不是不应该像prep中所说的“不可单独指代”?

求NN们解答~~~

作者: yiqing2012    时间: 2012-10-30 15:11
ddd~~~~
作者: yiqing2012    时间: 2012-10-30 22:39
为什么木有人。。。。
作者: walt77    时间: 2012-10-31 00:33
楼主 你问的问题很好!
Besides adding complementary flavors to many foods, hot sauces stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, just as exercise does, and these have a pain-relieving effect like morphine's.

(A)hot sauces stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, just as exercise does, and these have a pain-relieving effect like morphine's

(B)hot sauces stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, like exercise, and they have a pain-relieving effect that is like morphine

(C)hot sauces and exercise both stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, and they have a pain-relieving effect like morphine

(D)the release of endorphins in the brain is stimulated both by hot sauces and exercise, and they have a pain-relieving effect like morphine's

(E)the release of endorphins in the brain is stimulated by hot sauces, just as with exercise, and these have a pain-relieving effect like that of morphine

Key:A。

这题是个特例  100% 中的  1%

代词不能单独指代 这个原则 始终有效!

但是在这道题目中,我们只能当做 有效性原则 来做,“不可单独指代”在这题中 不是 split

this problem is the only exception we have ever seen to this rule, so we're probably going to leave the general principle in the guide.
i.e., if a rule is correct 99% of the time, then it's a pretty good rule -- the other 1% is an acceptable sacrifice, especially if understanding that 1% would make the other 99% less clear.

if we encounter more exceptions, of course, we will do some serious re-thinking of the issue.


http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/besides-adding-complementary-flavors-t3219-15.html
请看最后一楼!
作者: yiqing2012    时间: 2012-10-31 17:35
楼主 你问的问题很好!
Besides adding complementary flavors to many foods, hot sauces stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, just as exercise does, and these have a pain-relieving effect like morphine's.

(A)hot sauces stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, just as exercise does, and these have a pain-relieving effect like morphine's

(B)hot sauces stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, like exercise, and they have a pain-relieving effect that is like morphine

(C)hot sauces and exercise both stimulate the release of endorphins in the brain, and they have a pain-relieving effect like morphine

(D)the release of endorphins in the brain is stimulated both by hot sauces and exercise, and they have a pain-relieving effect like morphine's

(E)the release of endorphins in the brain is stimulated by hot sauces, just as with exercise, and these have a pain-relieving effect like that of morphine

Key:A。

这题是个特例  100% 中的  1%

代词不能单独指代 这个原则 始终有效!

但是在这道题目中,我们只能当做 有效性原则 来做,“不可单独指代”在这题中 不是 split

this problem is the only exception we have ever seen to this rule, so we're probably going to leave the general principle in the guide.
i.e., if a rule is correct 99% of the time, then it's a pretty good rule -- the other 1% is an acceptable sacrifice, especially if understanding that 1% would make the other 99% less clear.

if we encounter more exceptions, of course, we will do some serious re-thinking of the issue.


http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/besides-adding-complementary-flavors-t3219-15.html
请看最后一楼!
-- by 会员 walt77 (2012/10/31 0:33:47)



thks~
其实确实不用太纠结,毕竟这种特殊情况发生概率很小,即使碰上了可以按照PREP的结论加上排除法做也不一定会做错,没有必要为了这不到1%概率的事情而纠结。。。
O(∩_∩)O~
作者: DUKB24    时间: 2012-10-31 23:12


LZ你的总结戳中了rare exception的核心


just remember
作者: yiqing2012    时间: 2012-11-1 00:14
thks~~
还有,DUKB我想问你一下你在其它帖子回答别人的一个问题(那个帖子我回复了,不过估计你没看见。。。)

1、In Greek theology the supreme beingwas Esaugetu Emissee (Master of Breath), who dwelt in an upper realm inwhich the sky was the floor, and who had the power to give and to take awaythe breath of life.
A.in which the sky was the floor, and who hadthe power to give and to take
B.where the sky was the floor, having thepower to give and to take
C.whose floor was the sky, and who has thepower of giving and of taking
D.in which the sky was the floor, with thepower of giving and taking
E.whose floor was the sky, having the power togive and take

你的解答是:1. I’m not quite sure whether where and in which are interchangeable here... It is not a good split to me

B. there is no ambiguity in having (it modifies the preceding clause);the usage of having here does not make sense..we need a noun modifier

你对B的having理解是不是:既然都是修饰Esaugetu Emissee这个人 ,没有必要一个用who引导的定从来修饰,一个又用ving来修饰(主系表结构中的句末,ving不表伴随,只起到修饰主句主语的作用是不是?)

另外,关于have the power to do和have the power of doing ,在表示动作的时候,have the power to do是不是应该比have the power of doing 要好?(我在字典中只找到了the power of  sth的用法。。。)
作者: DUKB24    时间: 2012-11-1 00:21
thks~~
还有,DUKB我想问你一下你在其它帖子回答别人的一个问题(那个帖子我回复了,不过估计你没看见。。。)

1、In Greek theology the supreme beingwas Esaugetu Emissee (Master of Breath), who dwelt in an upper realm inwhich the sky was the floor, and who had the power to give and to take awaythe breath of life.
A.in which the sky was the floor, and who hadthe power to give and to take
B.where the sky was the floor, having thepower to give and to take
C.whose floor was the sky, and who has thepower of giving and of taking
D.in which the sky was the floor, with thepower of giving and taking
E.whose floor was the sky, having the power togive and take

你的解答是:1. I’m not quite sure whether where and in which are interchangeable here... It is not a good split to me

B. there is no ambiguity in having (it modifies the preceding clause);the usage of having here does not make sense..we need a noun modifier

你对B的having理解是不是:既然都是修饰Esaugetu Emissee这个人 ,没有必要一个用who引导的定从来修饰,一个又用ving来修饰(主系表结构中的句末,ving不表伴随,只起到修饰主句主语的作用是不是?)

另外,关于have the power to do和have the power of doing ,在表示动作的时候,have the power to do是不是应该比have the power of doing 要好?(我在字典中只找到了the power of  sth的用法。。。)
-- by 会员 yiqing2012 (2012/11/1 0:14:49)



of doing和to do 那个是习语上的问题吧?这个我不太确定,我复习SC从来不记习语的..GMAT也很少只把习语作为单独的split


having 这里用法就是错的,不对的


这个have的主语是人,所以have应该被包在从句里面


having这个成分变成了adverbial modifier,修饰了前面的 the sky was the floor
明显不符合逻辑
作者: yiqing2012    时间: 2012-11-1 00:48
你正好点到了我想问的问题:
主谓宾/主系表,Ving结构中Ving修饰S,且主谓宾结构中ving做谓语的伴随状语,这个很清楚;

但如果宾语或者表语后又有了一个从句,例如本题In Greek theology the supreme beingwas Esaugetu Emissee (Master of Breath), who dwelt in an upper realm in which the sky was the floor, where the sky was the floor, having the power to give and to take away the breath of life.
这里的having是不是就不是修饰主句,而是修饰最近的含有动词的句子:the sky was the floor?

感觉这里和with引导的独立主格有点像:Orb-weaving spiders such as the argiope build webs that are essentially wheel-like
, with an outer rim and a number of spokes emanating from the hub.
虽然平常说with引导独立主格的时候,都是表示和主句主语相关的N.的伴随动作或状态等,但是这里with前最近的动词是are,不是主句谓语build,所以with伴随修饰that are essentially wheel-like,而非主句。

不知道这样理解对不对?




作者: yiqing2012    时间: 2012-11-1 01:02
对了,恭喜杀G成功!O(∩_∩)O~
作者: DUKB24    时间: 2012-11-1 09:03

对,这里是一个tricky point
的确会有歧义


但是两种歧义的解答都不符合逻辑,不管having修饰从句还是主句,都不符合逻辑(这里的have注定要放在noun modifier 里面,它修饰一个句子是不fit in context的)


再者,关于这种结构, 前面是主句,后面是从句,再后面是ving的
大多数情况下你判断的原则ving是包在从句里面当adverbial modifier (当然会有rare exception,极少,例子一时想不起来不好意思)


关于你说的with 的用法


你这里的理解有点偏差,这里的with同样也是做一个adverbial modifier 来提供额外的信息(修饰preceding clause,最近的!不是main clause!)


它修饰的就是一个preceding clause(你要把从句当成句子看啊!事实上从句就是一个句子。。你把代词换成先行词不就好了!


webs are essentially wheel-like, with an outer rim and a number of spokes emanating from the hub (解释怎么个wheel-like 法)
作者: yiqing2012    时间: 2012-11-1 09:46
你的意思是不是:
Ving在句末修饰的时候大多数情况下是包含在从句里当adverbial modifier,但是还是会有少数例外会修饰主句,是不确定的,但是都对。
但是,with做伴随修饰在句末的时候一定修饰的是它最近的一个句子preceding clause,一旦有了从句后,是确定不会修饰主句的?
作者: DUKB24    时间: 2012-11-1 09:57
你的意思是不是:
Ving在句末修饰的时候大多数情况下是包含在从句里当adverbial modifier,但是还是会有少数例外会修饰主句,是不确定的,但是都对。
但是,with做伴随修饰在句末的时候一定修饰的是它最近的一个句子preceding clause,一旦有了从句后,是确定不会修饰主句的?
-- by 会员 yiqing2012 (2012/11/1 9:46:44)




这个真的很难跟你打包票。sc真的没有绝对的原则

你通过不断的做prep你会了解的。
我记得有些题目就是这样。到时你要分析不懂在拿出来看

在大部分情况下,就是修饰preceding clause
但是如果preceding clause是插入语,就要通过背景来分析是修饰主句还是从句
作者: yiqing2012    时间: 2012-11-1 10:55
OK~ thks~
其实我关心的问题就是是不是绝对化,就像你说的:SC没有绝对的原则,只是有些情况会有GMAT本身的倾向性。只要不是绝对化就不至于颠覆我已经树立的观念,我就可以move on了~O(∩_∩)O~
作者: DUKB24    时间: 2012-11-1 10:58
OK~ thks~
其实我关心的问题就是是不是绝对化,就像你说的:SC没有绝对的原则,只是有些情况会有GMAT本身的倾向性。只要不是绝对化就不至于颠覆我已经树立的观念,我就可以move on了~O(∩_∩)O~
-- by 会员 yiqing2012 (2012/11/1 10:55:38)



SC所有的观点都是相对的


你要看看选项是以什么区分的来度量GMAT想要考你什么


我想除了主谓一致其他的issue你就要通过context来分析了
作者: AustinWangParis    时间: 2014-3-14 22:28
谢谢分享
作者: 三颗话梅    时间: 2017-9-25 14:50
分享Ron对此题的看法:
apparently this problem is legitimate. it's one of the worst official problems i've seen ... but we have to learn from it——Ron


其实我觉得在复习G的时候(兴趣使然研究语法的时候除外),大可以把这道题当成5个选项全错来看待





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