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标题: 请大家帮忙分析下这题语法~ [打印本页]
作者: joyzhang1990 时间: 2012-10-28 17:49
标题: 请大家帮忙分析下这题语法~
语法题一枚~
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-061 VSC001448 hard
Sculpted boulders found at Lepenski Vir, an example of the earliest monumental art known from central and Western Europe, includes 15 figures with human features similar to Upper forms and to Middle Eastern stone figurines.
A. Vir, an example of the earliest monumental art known from central and western Europe, includes
B. Vir, examples of the monumental art known from central and western Europe, include earliest of monumental art known from central and western Europe, include
C. Vir are examples of the earliest monumental art known from central and western Europe and includes
D. Vir are examples of the earliest monumental art known from central and western Europe, including
不知道为啥只有四个选项。答案选B。但是还是不清楚。请童鞋再进一步分析下~
大家共同进步~谢谢你们！
作者: joyzhang1990 时间: 2012-10-28 18:25
请大家帮帮忙吧~自己语法很菜~
作者: sisichen666 时间: 2012-10-28 21:08
题目好像是这样的
Sculpted boulders found at Lepenski Vir, an example of the earliest monumental art known from central and western Europe, includes 15 figures with human features similar to Upper Paleolithic forms and to Middle Eastern Nantufian stone figurines.
A) Vir, an example of the earliest monumental art known from central and western Europe, includes
B) Vir, examples of the earliest monumental art known from central and western Europe, include
C)Vir, earliest of monumental art known from central and western Europe, include
D)Vir are examples of the earliest monumental art known from central and western Europe and includes
E)Vir are examples of the earliest monumental art known from central and western Europe, including
根据同位语，主谓一致，保持原文含义的原则，不难选择B
LZ再重新看一边，有问题再问
作者: joyzhang1990 时间: 2012-10-28 21:53
好的。偶再看看。谢谢你哦~
作者: joyzhang1990 时间: 2012-10-28 21:54
标题: 好的。偶再看看。谢谢你哦~
好的。偶再看看。谢谢你哦~
作者: joyzhang1990 时间: 2012-10-28 22:00
题目好像是这样的
Sculpted boulders found at Lepenski Vir, an example of the earliest monumental art known from central and western Europe, includes 15 figures with human features similar to Upper Paleolithic forms and to Middle Eastern Nantufian stone figurines.
A) Vir, an example of the earliest monumental art known from central and western Europe, includes
B) Vir, examples of the earliest monumental art known from central and western Europe, include
C)Vir, earliest of monumental art known from central and western Europe, include
D)Vir are examples of the earliest monumental art known from central and western Europe and includes
E)Vir are examples of the earliest monumental art known from central and western Europe, including
根据同位语，主谓一致，保持原文含义的原则，不难选择B
LZ再重新看一边，有问题再问
-- by 会员 sisichen666 (2012/10/28 21:08:05)
偶发现偶看的版本上这个题写的有点不对。。。。
作者: 牛掰 时间: 2013-5-15 11:08
sisichen666 发表于 2012-10-28 21:08 
题目好像是这样的Sculpted boulders found at Lepenski Vir, an example of the earliest monumental art k ...
你好~
为什么不能选择E呀？我看解释上多从语义上分析的，看了半天，没有琢磨清楚语义有什么不对~应该是v.ing这块没有理解~谢谢解答了，大牛~
作者: hemodata 时间: 2013-7-26 12:42
牛掰 发表于 2013-5-15 11:08
你好~
为什么不能选择E呀？我看解释上多从语义上分析的，看了半天，没有琢磨清楚语义有什么不对~应该是v. ...
看这个帖子倒数第二楼
关于,including的用法有别于其他，ving的用法部分
我觉得应该是对的
或者，这里avik.ch的发言，第一页的倒数第4楼，和那个贴子的最后一楼
他主要引用的是ron的解释，也应该是对的
http://www.beatthegmat.com/sculpted-boulders-found-at-lepenski-t113605.html
关于including的用法
1. It modifies the preceding noun. ( it looks like a comm+ing modifier, but it did not work in this way)
John scored 100 marks in his most recent exam, bringing his average to 95%. - It modifies the whole clause.
The Natural Fitness Test consists mostly of body exercise program, including sit-ups, X….
2.It should give a list of some, but not all, of that noun.
The Gym teacher asked us to do three body exercise, including X,Y and Z.( this is wrong, as all are mentioned)
The Gym teacher asked us to do ten body exercise, including X,Y and Z ( this is Ok)
Please note : These all are Ron's example.
作者: Jerry2nd 时间: 2013-8-5 20:51
hemodata 发表于 2013-7-26 12:42
看这个帖子倒数第二楼
关于,including的用法有别于其他，ving的用法部分
我还是不太理解，能不能具体一点。我觉得including在这里一点歧义都没有，这道题虽然选了B，但无法说服自己E的问题有多严重。。。
作者: hemodata 时间: 2013-8-5 21:01
Jerry2nd 发表于 2013-8-5 20:51
我还是不太理解，能不能具体一点。我觉得including在这里一点歧义都没有，这道题虽然选了B，但无法说服自 ...
“，+including”只用于修饰逗号前面那个名词
including的用法类似介词，有别于其他ving结构，不能用于修饰前面的句子
而且，正确选项中，中间部分是同位语，用于补充说明。句子的重心事再说SB这个东西包含的有什么什么和其他地方已发现物品相似之处。如果选择E，句子变成了说明SB是一个什么东西，补充说明了它和别处的有什么相似性。通常来讲，正确选项不会显著的改变原句重心，除非原句本身表达问题很大。
作者: Jerry2nd 时间: 2013-8-5 21:40
hemodata 发表于 2013-8-5 21:01
“，+including”只用于修饰逗号前面那个名词
including的用法类似介词，有别于其他ving结构，不能用于 ...
对哦！通过重心秒选哈哈，谢谢高人指点。
还有再想问下，including区别与其他v+ing这种词的话。那including如果出现在句末作用是不是如您所说的只能修饰comma前的词语，不能表伴随等其他用法啦？
作者: hemodata 时间: 2013-8-5 21:47
Jerry2nd 发表于 2013-8-5 21:40
对哦！通过重心秒选哈哈，谢谢高人指点。
还有再想问下，including区别与其他v+ing这种词的话。那includ ...
首先，我觉得对于我们一般人来讲
语义只能是辅助的，除非专项突破之后
我搜索了og/prep全部正确句子里面的including，你确认下用法有没有除了刚才我说到的这种呢？
我暂时没时间看了，你研究了回复一下昂
The Organization ofPetroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) had long been expected to announce areduction in output to bolster sagging oil prices, but officials ofthe organization just recently announced that the group will pare dailyproduction by 1.5 million barrels by the beginning of next year only ifnon-OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico, and Russia, trim output by atotal of 500,000 barrels a day.
1. A firm that specializes inthe analysis of handwriting claims to be able, from a one-page writingsample, to assess more than 300 personality traits, including enthusiasm,imagination, and ambition.
1. Organized in 1966 by the Fish and WildlifeService, the Breeding Bird Survey uses annual roadside counts along establishedroutes to monitor changes in the populations of more than 250 birdspecies, including 180 songbirds.
1. Bluegrass musician Bill Monroe, whoserepertory, views on musical collaboration, and vocal style influencedgenerations of bluegrass artists, also inspired many musicians, including ElvisPresley and Jerry Garcia, whose music differed significantly from his own.
1. Methane, which has long been counted amongthe greenhouse gases that are implicated in global warming, comes both fromnatural sources such as bogs and from a host of human sources, including coalmines, leaking pipelines, landfills, and rice paddies.
United StatesSenator Daniel Inouye was appointed to several posts within the Democraticparty during his first term, including assistant majority whip and vice-chairof the Democratic Senatorial Committee.
A study by the Ocean Wildlife Campaign urged states toundertake a number of remedies to reverse a decline in the shark population, includingestablishing size limits for shark catches, closing state waters for sharkfishing during pupping season, and requiring commercial fishers to have federalshark permits.
The new image of Stone Age people assystematic hunters of large animals, rather than mere scavengers of meat,has emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including threewooden spears that archaeologists believe to be about 400,000 years old.
Apair of architects in Britain, who say that giant arches, bridges, and wallsmade of artificial bone could be easier to design and build thanconventional structures, have already designed a number of structures,including a bridge, to show how their idea would work.
Because Miranda, the smallest moon ofUranus, has a large number of different surface features, including craters,mountains, valleys, and fractures, some astronomers suggest that at one time thesurface broke apart as a result of repeated impacts, after which the fragmentsrejoined through mutual gravitational attraction.
作者: abc791201064 时间: 2013-8-5 21:51
牛掰 发表于 2013-5-15 11:08
你好~
为什么不能选择E呀？我看解释上多从语义上分析的，看了半天，没有琢磨清楚语义有什么不对~应该是v. ...
不选E 我给你说 你去翻翻OG12 13都有的一个题目 是OUTNUMBER 你看看那个题目 为什么outnumber是助动词而不是wereJ
作者: yaozaizai 时间: 2013-9-24 12:28
E选项，including可能是修饰SB，也可能修饰examples。如果是修饰SB，没啥问题。但是修饰examples就有歧义了，因为examples是指 earliest monumental art 中的一些examples，但是有可能出了SB还有其他的examples（earliest monumental art范围很大），而那些除了SB以外的examples就没有including后描述的特性了。B明显更清晰，而且同位语又是偏爱。反正遇到同位语的题，大多数答案都和同位语沾边的。
作者: tanklance 时间: 2014-1-8 23:52
我也一开始错选了有including的选项。后来查了语法笔记，发现including实际上是一个特殊的v-ing形式，或者按照Ron的说法，它根本也称不上一个v-ing。
大家可以参考一下RON的回复：
http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/adverbial-participles-ing-t11705.html
作者: zhouyangweiwei 时间: 2014-3-9 05:16
正在做这题，也错了。
大家一直在提倡语义理解，有没有大牛可以帮忙分析下，Ｂ和Ｅ的语义之处不同在哪里？
作者: 赖赖赖赖赖 时间: 2015-12-11 16:01
E错在including是举例子的一种，而不是什么玄之又玄的重心。
E里面including 15 figures 就不是在举例子了（这也是ron的解释的第二点），所以只能用include 15 figure意为包含15个塑像
如果是举例子应该是including figure X，figure Y ，and figure Z。
作者: perl 时间: 2016-9-2 00:00
这道题看了好久，还是不太明白，不过上面有人说“including”只能修饰逗号前面的名词是不准确的。
比如上面贴出来的例子里面：
United StatesSenator Daniel Inouye was appointed to several posts within the Democraticparty during his first term, including assistant majority whip and vice-chairof the Democratic Senatorial Committee.
A study by the Ocean Wildlife Campaign urged states toundertake a number of remedies to reverse a decline in the shark population, including establishing size limits for shark catches, closing state waters for sharkfishing during pupping season, and requiring commercial fishers to have federalshark permits.
The new image of Stone Age people assystematic hunters of large animals, rather than mere scavengers of meat,has emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including threewooden spears that archaeologists believe to be about 400,000 years old.
作者: 少年蓝 时间: 2016-10-14 11:51
我选E的原因是把including当成普通的 “，+ V-ing”形式作状语修饰整个句子了，但如果including特殊，不能修饰前面的句子，只能修饰前面名词（不管是否仅为逗号前面的名词），那选项E的意思就很不一样了，就可以排除了
作者: 会长美美哒 时间: 2016-11-29 13:27
同意！
作者: 会长美美哒 时间: 2016-11-29 13:29
感谢～～ 看到ron的解释就安了下。。
作者: Bradz 时间: 2016-11-30 10:00
B里面include指向的是SB，E里面include可以指向SB（=example）或者momumental art，就有歧义了。
作者: 天降伟人杨日成 时间: 2017-5-24 08:48
E虽然语法没错，但语意的表达出现了问题。an example of balabala 是句子的背景部分，表达的主体应该是include了啥，E把重心调换了。
作者: 闭眼看书 时间: 2017-7-19 21:05
看了下正确句子，貌似comma+including修饰前面名词可以跳过prep phrase, participles 甚至to do，E里including往前并没有合适的修饰对象
作者: justinckn 时间: 2018-8-1 18:08
comma+including 是一个exception, 不同于常见的comma+verbing modify the main subject in the main clause. i
Comma+including generally refer to the noun that just come before it.
作者: Alaska17 时间: 2020-7-27 21:28
句子的intended meaning是发现的巨石里包括了15个啥啥啥。E这个结构including离巨石太远了，E的意思变成including后面的东西来说明 the earliest monumental art了
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