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标题: 大家帮帮忙，解答一下这道RC，谢谢！ [打印本页]

作者: miffyhui 时间: 2012-10-5 20:24
标题: 大家帮帮忙，解答一下这道RC，谢谢！

坛子里有，但是还是不怎么理解，求解答！

Frazier and Mosteller assert that medical research could be improved by a move toward larger,simpler
clinical trials of medical treatments. Currently, researchers collect far more back ground information on
patients than is strictly required for their trials substantially more than hospitals collect thereby escalating
costs of data collection,storage, and analysis. Although limiting information collection could increase the
risk that researchers will overlook facts relevant to a study, Frazier and Mosteller contend that such risk,
never entirely eliminable from research, would still be small in most studies. Only in research on entirely new treatments
are new and unexpected variables likely to arise.

Frazier and Mosteller propose not only that researchers limit data collection on individual patients but also that researchers

enroll more patients in clinical trials, thereby obtaining a more representative sample
of the total population with the disease under study. Often researchers restrict
study participation to patients who have no ailments besides those being studied. A treatment judged
successful under these ideal conditions can then be evaluated under normal conditions. Broadening the range of
trial participants,Frazier and Mosteller suggest, would enable researchers to evaluate a treatment’s
efficacy for diverse patients under various conditions and to evaluate its effectiveness for different patient subgroups.
For example,the value of a treatment for a progressive disease may vary according to a
patient’s stage of disease. Patients’ ages may also affect a treatment’s efficacy.

101. It can be inferred from the passage that a studylimited to patients like those mentioned in lines 21–23
would have which of thefollowing advantages over the kind of study proposed by Frazier and Mosteller?
(A) It would yield more data and its findings would be more accurate.

(B) It would cost less in the long term, though it would be more expensive in its initial stages.

(D) It would help researchers to identify subgroups of　patients with secondary conditions that might also be treatable.

(E) It would enable researchers to assess the value of　an experimental treatment for the average Patient.

这道题似懂非懂~

A选项是accurate错了吗？

作者: bob9603 时间: 2012-10-6 12:25
帮忙顶一下啦

作者: miffyhui 时间: 2012-10-6 13:52

帮忙顶一下啦

-- by 会员 bob9603 (2012/10/6 12:25:38)

谢谢bob~微凄凉丫

作者: miffyhui 时间: 2012-10-7 09:01
再顶顶～

作者: bob9603 时间: 2012-10-7 19:38
miffyhui，小菜建议你把21到23标记出来，要不找不到的，如果手边没有og~~~~
我看了你的题了，手边没有og，所以也不知道是哪里？
标记好了短信我哈~~~

作者: clover928 时间: 2012-10-7 19:52
A：
1.既然是restrict participation to patients，怎么可能会是yield more data
2.上一句已经讲了enroll more patient-->obtaining 。。。more representative sample。。。，而researchers通常是restrict participation，那就说明前者才是更accurate。

OA：C：
“Often researchers restrict study participation to patients who have no ailments besides those being studied. ”蓝色highlight就是对应C选项的 limit the variables

个人意见哈~~open to discuss

作者: candybecky 时间: 2012-10-7 20:02
看它后面的一句：Atreatmentjudged successful under these ideal conditions can
(25) then be evaluated under normal conditions.
个人意见啊，这个accurate并不能infer出来，因为医生研究时控制病人只能有那一个研究中的病，但normal condition往往不是这样，就可能在临床中不accurate啦
不知道是不是这样想

作者: miffyhui 时间: 2012-10-7 20:33
噢，是这句：Often researchers restrict study participation to patients who have no ailments besides those being studied.

作者: miffyhui 时间: 2012-10-7 20:45

A：
1.既然是restrict participation to patients，怎么可能会是yield more data
2.上一句已经讲了enroll more patient-->obtaining 。。。more representative sample。。。，而researchers通常是restrict participation，那就说明前者才是更accurate。

OA：C：
“Often researchers restrict study participation to patients who have no ailments besides those being studied. ”蓝色highlight就是对应C选项的 limit the variables
个人意见哈~~open to discuss

-- by 会员 clover928 (2012/10/7 19:52:34)

这句：researchers collect far more back ground information on patients than is strictly required for their trials substantially more than hospitals collect thereby escalating costs of data collection,storage, and analysis.
说明收集了单个病人更多的信息，个人感觉不能推出哪种方法收集的数据更多
researchers花更多功夫收集单个病人的更多信息
F提出收集更多病人的信息，限制单个病人的信息收集Frazier and Mosteller propose not only that researchers limit data collection on individual patients but also that researchers enroll more patients in clinical trials
不知道对不？

作者: miffyhui 时间: 2012-10-7 20:48

看它后面的一句：Atreatmentjudged successful under these ideal conditions can
(25) then be evaluated under normal conditions.
个人意见啊，这个accurate并不能infer出来，因为医生研究时控制病人只能有那一个研究中的病，但normal condition往往不是这样，就可能在临床中不accurate啦
不知道是不是这样想

-- by 会员 candybecky (2012/10/7 20:02:41)

谢谢，精确性好像是无法判断来着

作者: miffyhui 时间: 2012-10-7 20:53
总是感觉OG中有几道题，对于错误选项有些似懂非懂，感觉自己在死抠，掉进去就出不来~ 但是，不弄明白，下次又有可能掉进去

作者: miffyhui 时间: 2012-10-7 21:04
Ecoefficiency (measures to minimize environmental impact through the reduction or elimination of waste from production processes) has become a goal for companies worldwide, with many realizing significant cost savings from such innovations. Peter Senge and Goran Carstedt see this development as laudable but suggest that simply adopting ecoefficiency innovations could actually worsen environmental stresses in the future. Such innovations reduce production waste but do not alter the number of products manufactured nor the waste generated from their use and discard; indeed, most companies invest in ecoefficiency improvements in order to increase profits and growth. Moreover, there is no guarantee that increased economic growth from ecoefficiency will come in similarly ecoefficient ways,since in today’s global markets, greater profits may be turned into investment capital that could easily be reinvested in old-style eco-inefficient industries.Even a vastly more ecoefficient industrial system could, were it to grow much larger, generate more total waste and destroy more habitat and species than would a smaller, less ecoefficient economy. Senge and Carstedt argue that to preserve the global environment and sustain economic growth, businesses must develop a new systemic approach that reduces total material use and total accumulated waste. Focusing exclusively on ecoefficiency, which offers a compelling business case according to established thinking, may distract companies from pursuing radically different products and business models.

7. The passage implies that which of the following is a possible consequence of a company’s adoption of innovations that increase its ecoefficiency?
(A) Company profits resulting from such innovations
may be reinvested in that company with no
guarantee that the company will continue to
make further improvements in ecoefficiency.
(B) Company growth fostered by cost savings from
such innovations may allow that company to
manufacture a greater number of products that
will be used and discarded, thus worsening
environmental stress.
(C) A company that fails to realize significant cost
savings from such innovations may have little
incentive to continue to minimize the
environmental impact of its production
processes.
(D) A company that comes to depend on such
innovations to increase its profits and growth
may be vulnerable in the global market to
competition from old-style eco-inefficient industries.
(E) A company that meets its ecoefficiency goals is
unlikely to invest its increased profits in the
development of new and innovative ecoefficiency
Measures.
这道题的A也不怎么明白，没有彻底理解，能不能顺便解答一下，谢谢~

作者: clover928 时间: 2012-10-7 21:48

-- by 会员 clover928 (2012/10/7 19:52:34)

-- by 会员 miffyhui (2012/10/7 20:45:22)

er...
我个人认为collect far more bg info跟yield more data不是同一个范畴。yield是得到的数据，当然是大样本可以得到的数据更多。（背景信息跟得到的数据不是同一个范畴）
在这个restrict这个点上我理解跟og对A选项的解答是吻合的
open to discuss

作者: clover928 时间: 2012-10-7 21:50

Ecoefficiency (measures to minimize environmental impact through the reduction or elimination of waste from production processes) has become a goal for companies worldwide, with many realizing significant cost savings from such innovations. Peter Senge and Goran Carstedt see this development as laudable but suggest that simply adopting ecoefficiency innovations could actually worsen environmental stresses in the future. Such innovations reduce production waste but do not alter the number of products manufactured nor the waste generated from their use and discard; indeed, most companies invest in ecoefficiency improvements in order to increase profits and growth. Moreover, there is no guarantee that increased economic growth from ecoefficiency will come in similarly ecoefficient ways,since in today’s global markets, greater profits may be turned into investment capital that could easily be reinvested in old-style eco-inefficient industries.Even a vastly more ecoefficient industrial system could, were it to grow much larger, generate more total waste and destroy more habitat and species than would a smaller, less ecoefficient economy. Senge and Carstedt argue that to preserve the global environment and sustain economic growth, businesses must develop a new systemic approach that reduces total material use and total accumulated waste. Focusing exclusively on ecoefficiency, which offers a compelling business case according to established thinking, may distract companies from pursuing radically different products and business models.

7. The passage implies that which of the following is a possible consequence of a company’s adoption of innovations that increase its ecoefficiency?
(A) Company profits resulting from such innovations
may be reinvested in that company with no
guarantee that the company will continue to
make further improvements in ecoefficiency.
(B) Company growth fostered by cost savings from
such innovations may allow that company to
manufacture a greater number of products that
will be used and discarded, thus worsening
environmental stress.
(C) A company that fails to realize significant cost
savings from such innovations may have little
incentive to continue to minimize the
environmental impact of its production
processes.
(D) A company that comes to depend on such
innovations to increase its profits and growth
may be vulnerable in the global market to
competition from old-style eco-inefficient industries.
(E) A company that meets its ecoefficiency goals is
unlikely to invest its increased profits in the
development of new and innovative ecoefficiency
Measures.
这道题的A也不怎么明白，没有彻底理解，能不能顺便解答一下，谢谢~

-- by 会员 miffyhui (2012/10/7 21:04:41)

A选项的further错误，文章说的是现在eco，不能确保将来保持一样的eco

作者: miffyhui 时间: 2012-10-7 22:16

-- by 会员 clover928 (2012/10/7 19:52:34)

-- by 会员 miffyhui (2012/10/7 20:45:22)

-- by 会员 clover928 (2012/10/7 21:48:47)

噢，谢谢啦~懂了

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