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The spacing of the four holes on a fragment of a bone flute excavated at a Neanderthal campsite is just what is required to play the third through sixth notes of the diatonic scale—the seven-note musical scale used in much of Western music since the Renaissance. Musicologists therefore hypothesize that the diatonic musical scale was developed and used thousands of years before it was adopted by Western musicians.

在问题里说，发现的是一个fragment of a bone with four holes, 而diatonic scale is seven-note. If it's true that the cave-bear leg bone used to make the Neanderthal flute would have been long enough to make a flute capable of playing a complete diatonic schale, then bone fragment might have been part of the diatonic scale. This supports the speculation that the diatonic scale is developed thousands of years before it was adopted by Western musicians.

以下是引用mrsyue在2004-10-31 1:05:00的发言：

Q17:

Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the hypothesis?

Bone flutes were probably the only musical instrument made by Neanderthals.
No musical instrument that is known to have used a diatomic scale is of an earlier date than the flute found at the Neanderthal campsite.
The flute was made from a cave-bear bone and the campsite at which the flute fragment was excavated was in a cave that also contained skeletal remains of cave bears.
Flutes are the simplest wind instrument that can be constructed to allow playing a diatonic scale.
The cave-bear leg bone used to make the Neanderthal flute would have been long enough to make a flute capable of playing a complete diatonic scale.

讨论的答案为B，我认为是E。

请大家帮忙confirm.

现在如果说尼安德特人之前没有人使用过，那发明者和使用者就可能成立

但是如果说这个大小刚合适，那在这个之前也可能有，之后也可能有，什么时候发明的，还是很不清楚

看了半天终于明白了原文的意思，原文说四个窟窿的笛子能够演奏七音阶中的第3到6个，因此推论N 人在几千年前就开始用七音阶了，中间缺少一个桥梁：E，就是说这个笛子本来就是七个窟窿，只是保留下来四个窟窿，

我觉得B错在,结论是thousands of years before it was adopted by Western musicians.,并没有说N人就生活在几千年前，如果N人生活在几百年前，B项还是削弱呢。

以下是引用foreinter在2005-8-16 16:10:00的发言：

真是费半天劲

哪里有说到7个窟窿？好像是说would have been long enough to make a flute capable of .... 就是长度是可以play7个音阶的

文中有定義the diatonic scale（全音阶）就是7音阶 —the seven-note musical scale used in much of Western music since the Renaissance ，而hypothesize是说the diatonic musical scale was developed and used thousands of years before it was adopted，就是说全音阶在以前就被developed并且used过了。因此在Neanderthal campsite发现的leg bone要有7孔为前提就能证明以上的假说。>>

“the diatonic musical scale was developed and used thousands of years before it was adopted”这个假设并未断言一定是从7孔才能到全音阶。当然也有可能是Neanderthal campsite发现的4孔leg bone经过几千年的进化成为了现在的7音阶的complete diatonic scale。>>

后来仔细琢磨了对于the diatonic scale的定义，如果发现的leg bone 仅仅是4孔，不管它是不是最早，根本就不能算the diatonic scale，也不能支持假说的developed and used thousands of years before。

似乎对此题的音乐专业知识什么都不懂的话，也会影响我的选择啊。。。

我觉得关键是没读懂题吧题目是说四个窟窿的笛子能够演奏七音阶中的第3到6个

文章是on a fragment of a bone flute,只是一段,所以说那个骨头应该可以长到可以挖7个窟窿,所以是支持