Traces of cultivated emmer wheat have been found among the earliest agricultural remains of many archaeological sites in Europe and Asia. The only place where the wild form of emmer wheat has been found growing is a relatively narrow strip of southwest Asia. Since the oldest remains of cultivated emmer wheat yet found are from village sites in the same narrow strip, it is clear that emmer wheat was first domesticated somewhere in that strip.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
(A) The present-day distribution of another wild wheat, einkorn, which was also domesticated early in the development of agriculture, covers a much larger area of southwest Asia. (B) Modern experiments show that wild emmer wheat can easily be domesticated so as to yield nearly as well as traditionally domestic strains. (C) At the time when emmer wheat was first cultivated, it was the most nutritious of all the varieties of grain that were then cultivated. (D) In the region containing the strip where wild emmer wheat has been found, climatic conditions have changed very little since before the development of agriculture. (E) It is very difficult, without genetic testing, to differentiate the wild form of emmer wheat from a closely related wild wheat that also grows in southwest Asia. 这道直接不懂,跟天气有啥关系呀...
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In the late 1980s, the population of sea otters in the North Pacific began to decline. There are two plausible explanations for the decline: predation, possibly by killer whales, or disease. Of these two, disease is the more likely, since a concurrent sharp decline in populations of seals and sea lions is believed to have been caused by disease, and diseases that infect these creatures are likely to be able to infect sea otters also.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the reasoning?
(A) Killer whales in the North Pacific usually prey on seals and sea lions but will, when this food source is scarce, seek out other prey. (B) There is no indication that the sea otter population at any North Pacific location declined in the 1980s because of substantial numbers of sea otters migrating to other locations. (C) Along the Pacific coast of North America in the 1980s, sea otters were absent from many locations where they had been relatively common in former times. (D) Following the decline in the population of the sea otters, there was an increase in the population of sea urchins, which are sea otters' main food source. (E) The North Pacific populations of seals and sea lions cover a wider geographic area than does the population of sea otters. 我懂A的意思,但为什么不选C呢? 麻烦大家帮忙啊...我的逻辑实在太弱了,而且总是排除剩两个答案,然后选了个次的....作者: 大擦 时间: 2012-9-8 03:30
1. 应该用排除法,因为文章结论是关于wild emmer和种植的emmer的推论,所以没有同时出现这两个东西的选项都应该排除。 2. c选项说的意思就是sea otter减少,没有提到减少的原因,文章讨论的是到底什么使他们减少了。作者: cycgundam 时间: 2012-9-8 08:44
第一道题可以简化理解为有一个驯养后的物种一般是被认为存在与欧洲与亚洲,但曾经发现这个物种在被驯养前在亚洲一个很小的地区留下了痕迹。因此认定最早驯养这个物种的地区应该就是在亚洲那个小块地区里。此题为增强支持题。 A,无关选项,本体是就该题干中物种进行讨论,但选项中提出了另一个物种,并且提到这个物种的早期被驯养的范围更大,一点关系都没有。 B,无关选项,只是简洁说明该物种容易被驯养,与该物种和亚洲那块地区连不上关系。 C,无关选项,只是简洁说明该物种(其实是种谷物啦)的营养在驯养初期比较不错。和其在哪处被驯养有何联系? D,比较隐晦的选项,让我想起了狒狒逻辑的一道题,待会说。 E,乍一看很有联系,其实没有联系。这两种谷物就算用遗传测试测出相同或不同,或出现在同一个地区又如何呢?还是无法说明题干中的谷物曾经“最早”出现在亚洲。
说实话,我怎么也觉得是climatic condition一直没怎么变。不过我虽然这样认为,依然认为只能选D,这算是典型的排它因作加强吧。
排除法排除其他无关选项上面都讨论过了。
至于D选项,我是这么理解的:wild E wheat只在某narrow strip被发现过,而最早的cultivated E wheat也在同地方被发现,怎样支持conclusion说E wheat就是在这个地方被最早培育的呢?
个人觉得加强题有几种很典型的方式,如果有gap,肯定是fill in the gap。如果逻辑链相对完整,一般有另两种方式,要么直接加强前提或者结论,要么排除他因,即说他因不会是造成结论,这个通常可以用取非来进行判断。
回到这题,climate一直没变,那这个地方由wild E wheat到cultivate E wheat就是很自然的过程。如果取非,climate变了,我们有理由相信wild E wheat就不适合生长了,那就要在别处适宜的地方培育E wheat再在这里栽种。不知道这样想对不对~作者: ljwqlcl881703 时间: 2013-11-21 00:03