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标题: 求教Prep07-Q3的状语相关问题~~~~【this tread has closed】 [打印本页]

作者: Gloriafighting 时间: 2012-8-30 18:57
标题: 求教Prep07-Q3的状语相关问题~~~~【this tread has closed】

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Less than 35 yearsafter the release of African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil, their descendants, popularly known as killer bees, hadmigrated as far north as southern Texas.

(A) Less than 35years after the release of African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil,

(B) In less than35 years since releasing African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil,

(D) It took lessthan 35 years from the release of African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil,when

(E) It took lessthan the 35 years after the time that African honeybees were released outsideSao Paulo, Brazil, and then

考点: 逻辑表达（Logical Predication）、动词形式（Verb Form）、指代一致（Agreement）

1) 分词短语在句首起状语作用,逻辑主语等于句子主语

2) it不能指代介词短语, it可以指代主语从句和不定式结构: It is difficult to do this research. It is important that we finish ontime. 在这两个例子中it分别指代to do this research和that从句

3) 现在完成时的时间状语

for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in pastyears…

(A) 正确, after + n.结构避免了逻辑主语问题; less than 35 years after …符合习惯用法

(B) sincereleasing放在句首,逻辑主语等于句子的主语their descendants, 不符合逻辑; since是现在完成时的标志和had migrated矛盾; since的使用不符合习惯用法

(D) it不能指代介词短语from the release…

(E) it不能指代介词短语from the release…

求教A/B/C前半句的选项分析~~~~ABC前面的这个“less than 35 years after……”这个到底是什么成分 confusing啊！！！！谢谢同学们~~

问题补充：

我先说说我对正确句子的看法：
Less than 35 years after the release of African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil, their descendants, popularly known as killer bees, had migrated as far north as southern Texas.

（问题1）我highlight了主谓，我觉得前面after是做had migrated时间状语（就是你说的verb modifer），问题是这个less than 35 years是干什么的呢？？修饰after the release of blablah的吗？

在说B/C错误选项里。
(B) In less than 35 years since releasing African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil,
(C) In less thanthe 35 years since African honeybees had been released outside Sao Paulo,Brazil,
（问题2）我按解析的理解是“since……”同样是时间状语，修饰had migrated，这才有了语法笔记里解释的的B的releasing的逻辑主语是their descedants，以及C选项里面的“since……”与had migrated的tense不符的问题。问题是，前面的这个in the less 35 years是干嘛的？？修饰谁？

希望我把自己的问题讲清楚了~

作者: DUKB24 时间: 2012-8-30 21:30
it is an verb modifier，作为migrated 的modifier，表明他们什么时候migrate

摘自我自己总结的千行EXCEL:

this sort of modifier -- an initial modifier that begins with an adjective -- should fulfill the following two requirements:
(1) the adjective should refer to the subject that follows the comma;
(2) the description in the modifier should have some sort of easily understandable relationship to whatever is described in the following clause

for instance:
Fresh from the tree, the mangoes were difficult to eat because they were not yet ripe.
--> requirement (1): "fresh (from the tree)" describes the mangoes.
--> requirement (2): the fact that the mangoes were fresh from the tree is directly related to the fact that they were not yet ripe enough to eat.

作者: Gloriafighting 时间: 2012-8-30 22:02
超级感谢dukb童鞋每次这么热心的回答~~先赞一个再来仔细看一下~~

作者: coline0703 时间: 2012-8-30 22:12
请问一下，后面的THEIR可以指代蜜蜂吗？它不是在一个介词结构之内？

作者: Gloriafighting 时间: 2012-8-30 22:16

it is an verb modifier，作为migrated 的modifier，表明他们什么时候migrate

摘自我自己总结的千行EXCEL:

this sort of modifier -- an initial modifier that begins with an adjective -- should fulfill the following two requirements:
(1) the adjective should refer to the subject that follows the comma;
(2) the description in the modifier should have some sort of easily understandable relationship to whatever is described in the following clause

for instance:
Fresh from the tree, the mangoes were difficult to eat because they were not yet ripe.
--> requirement (1): "fresh (from the tree)" describes the mangoes.
--> requirement (2): the fact that the mangoes were fresh from the tree is directly related to the fact that they were not yet ripe enough to eat.

-- by 会员 DUKB24 (2012/8/30 21:30:16)

Dukb的verb modifer我在Manhattan上看过~~我觉得verb modifer有很多种，在这里应该是算时间状语吧？

我觉得我好像没把我的问题表述清楚，下面尝试一下~
我先说说我对正确句子的看法：
Less than 35 years after the release of African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil, their descendants, popularly known as killer bees, had migrated as far north as southern Texas.

（问题1）我highlight了主谓，我觉得前面after是做had migrated时间状语（就是你说的verb modifer），问题是这个less than 35 years是干什么的呢？？修饰after the release of blablah的吗？

在说B/C错误选项里。
(B) In less than 35 years since releasing African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil,
(C) In less thanthe 35 years since African honeybees had been released outside Sao Paulo,Brazil,
（问题2）我按解析的理解是“since……”同样是时间状语，修饰had migrated，这才有了语法笔记里解释的的B的releasing的逻辑主语是their descedants，以及C选项里面的“since……”与had migrated的tense不符的问题。问题是，前面的这个in the less 35 years是干嘛的？？修饰谁？

希望我把自己的问题讲清楚了~

作者: Gloriafighting 时间: 2012-8-30 22:20

请问一下，后面的THEIR可以指代蜜蜂吗？它不是在一个介词结构之内？

-- by 会员 coline0703 (2012/8/30 22:12:37)

我是这样理解的，代词知道归结来就是歧义的问题。
当前面如果有两个复数的noun，一个在介宾里，一个不在，那就优先指代不在介宾里的。
现在是前面除了bees没有别的复数可以指代了，就指代他~

作者: DUKB24 时间: 2012-8-30 23:13
sorry。没看见你的问题，还以为你只是问less than放句首的用法

1）umm，同意你的说法，less than 35 years after the release

如果你真要细纠结结构，说说我的看法：35years是一个noun，after the release是一个noun modifier，来确定是哪个35年，是神马东西被释放之后的35年，less than同样也是一个noun modifier，修饰35 years，在什么东西被释放之后的少于35年的时间里

我觉得这里你没有必要就真正那么纠结所谓的语法结构，关键你要看懂句子想表达什么

35 years after the release这是一个timeframe（simple past）----less than 35 years另一个timeframe（过去的过去，不足35年，past perfect）

2）BC选项
关于你说的since从句问题，引导的这里就是一个状语从句。就是可以相当于一个另外一个time indicator，只不过比较装逼把这个所谓的简单的状语形式改成了句子

in less than 35 years (since....)，这个介词还是在修饰句子的主语

open to discussion..LZ语法点抠得很细致啊

作者: Gloriafighting 时间: 2012-8-30 23:37
表示还是很疑惑呀？！

如果按DD童鞋说的，less than 35 years是个时间的话，那么简化句子之后就会变成：
Less than 35 years， their descendants had migrated……
前面这个时间段直接放着很奇怪啊，再怎么也得说：in+时间/for+时间，由此才能作时间状语呀？

越来越不明白了~

P.S.：新头像sooooooo cute~~~

作者: DUKB24 时间: 2012-8-30 23:43
你不能把后面的after和since去掉，那个是个essential modifier

去掉你就没法理解句子的意思

最简洁明了的理解就是： less than 35years after the release of...

还有
这个less than不同于其他的介词短语你说的要加in什么的

less than本身就是一个形容词开头的modifier，你就参照我之前贴的excel来理解这个成分

作者: Gloriafighting 时间: 2012-8-31 00:05
还是不是很懂呀！如果less than是modifer，那麽less than这个是修饰谁的呢？

作者: DUKB24 时间: 2012-8-31 08:29
umm可能是我说的不够清楚

一早起来google了一下manhattan的instructor的解释

他们也认为是adverbial modifier啊

别那么纠结：http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/gmatprep-question-need-help-t1864.html

作者: Gloriafighting 时间: 2012-8-31 22:18
谢谢DD，我去看看~~昨天晚上我也想google的，不知怎么滴又打不开了~

谢谢谢谢了~~~

作者: Gloriafighting 时间: 2012-8-31 22:30
粘贴上Ron对ABCDE的解释，无敌赞~~

this is a tricky one.

if you were narrating in the present tense, you'd say the following: 'as of today, the bees have migrated as far north as southern texas.' therefore, since this sentence describes a situation in the past (it describes the situation 35 years after the release, which is before the present), you translate all present-tense verbs into the past tense. this turns 'have migrated' into 'had migrated'.

there is no explicit description of the 'second event' you're looking for in this problem, which is what makes it difficult. instead, the 'second event' is the point on the timeline, 35 years after the release of the bees. because the sentence describes a trend whose relevance continues up to and through that point, a perfect tense is appropriate.

wrong answers:
* choice b implies that the honeybees' descendants somehow released them (perhaps a very bizarre case of karmic cycles, but absurd no matter what).
* choice c: 'the 35 years since' implies that the present is 35 years after the release date. not only does this conflict with the meaning of the original, but it also renders the past perfect (from the underlined part) inappropriate: you'd need present perfect in this case. also, since the release is a point event, it would belong in the simple past.
* choice d: in this sentence, the commas + non-essential modifier ('..., when') seem to imply that the descendants' migration took place simultaneously with the release of the original honeybees. in addition, in this sentence, 'it' refers to some unspecified event (it can't refer to the descendants' migration, for the aforementioned reasons).
* choice e: all kinds of problems with this one. if you don't see what's wrong with it, reply and we will elaborate.

作者: Gloriafighting 时间: 2012-8-31 22:33
然后Ron也说了A这里的less than 35 years确实有点不是很好，但是不太影响这个句子，即便有点小小的awkward。

jenizaros wrote:
Why the option A uses "Less than 35 years after..." rather than "In less than 35 years after..." ?

Ron wrote：
i'm with you on this one; i'd likewise prefer a wording such as 'in less than 35 years after...', because, in my opinion, it better conveys the idea that the migrations took place continuously over the 35-year period. just plain 'less than' seemed to me, and possibly to you as well, to suggest that the migrations might have occurred all at once.

in any case, though, you've got to remember that correctness trumps clarity (and definitely trumps concision as well). therefore, differences in wording, such as this one, are trifling in comparison to actual errors in usage, grammar, diction, or idiom. i think both of us will agree that there is no idiom error in the wording chosen here; it's just a somewhat awkward wording (a situation by no means uncommon on the real test).

作者: Gloriafighting 时间: 2012-8-31 22:35
所以大家就把A这个“less than 35 years after……”直接当做一个time frame就好了~~~，而这个时间点是过去时，所以主句说明的是“直到过去时间点migrated了多少人“，所以用过去完成时“had migrated”

作者: DUKB24 时间: 2012-8-31 23:39

就是嘛，SC学到最后还是应该从大处着手

作者: Gloriafighting 时间: 2012-9-1 00:53

就是嘛，SC学到最后还是应该从大处着手

-- by 会员 DUKB24 (2012/8/31 23:39:48)

恩恩~谢谢DD啦~

作者: liuyixin0601 时间: 2013-3-13 00:25
和LZ同困惑，表示无法理解

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