24-35: The milk of many mammals contains cannabinoids, substances that are known to stimulate certain receptors in the brain. To investigate the function of cannabinoids, researchers injected newborn mice with a chemical that is known to block cannabinoides from reaching their receptors in the brain. The injected mice showed far less interest in feeding than normal newborn mice do. Therefore, cannabinoids probably function to stimulate the appetite.
Which of the following is an assumption ok which the argument depends?
A) Newborn mice do not normally ingest any substance other than their mothers’ milk.
B) Cannabinoids are the only substances in mammals’ milk that stimulate the appetite.
C) The mothers of newborn mice do not normally make any effort to encourage their babies to feed.
D) The mild of mammals would be less nutritious if it did not contain cannabinoids.
E) The chemical that blocks cannabinoids from stimulating their brain receptors does not independently inhibit the appetite.
我觉得这题选B,答案是E,请教一下各位大侠,多谢。
B is a typical wrong answer in logic questions.
B points out CB are the only substances to stimulate the appetide. If B is not true, that is, there are other substances can stimulate the appetide. The conclusion is still validate as long as CB can stimulate the appetide. So B is not correct.
E is the answer for it rule out other reason cause the result of the experiment.
B is a typical wrong answer in logic questions.
B points out CB are the only substances to stimulate the appetide. If B is not true, that is, there are other substances can stimulate the appetide. The conclusion is still validate as long as CB can stimulate the appetide. So B is not correct.
E is the answer for it rule out other reason cause the result of the experiment.
原文:给老鼠注射抑制C到达大脑的化学物质老鼠的食欲降低-C刺激食欲。
E说抑制C到达大脑的化学物质不能单独抑制食欲。如果单独的抑制了食欲。那么老鼠的食欲降低就和是否C物质时候刺激食欲无关了。
Yeah, why c is wrong?
偶总觉得这个题目怪怪的。
e选项有点道理;但是文章明确chemical的作用就是block cb,以此来达到inhibit apetite的效果,这是否可以理解要和其它物质配合作用,理解为dependently?那末e选项不是废话么!?从文章的作用机制描述看;如果把e中的independently inhibit the apetite换成indirectly是否更好理解呢?
b也不好,文章的far less interest in feeding到底是什么样的情况?这样的情况是表明没有刺激物了,还是刺激物不够造成的(比如有很多种刺激物共同刺激胃口,但是少了cb效果下降了)?如果是前者的话,其实b也挺好的。
E 肯定对. A 好象也有点道理, other substance 可能是原因. 怎么排除A 呢?
我是个超级菜鸟,还不知道用取非法来做这样的题。
请问各位:把B取非了,能说明什么呢?还有别的东西可以刺激食欲,那不就说明结论: therefore, cannabinoids probaly function to stimulate the appetite.不成立啊。我也觉得E很对,想跟各位讨教一下做题方法。谢谢指教了。
这个题目选了E,蒙对了。
但是的确不明白E,说什么C这个东东not independently inhibit the apetite.本身题目有说到injected 了C的 mice show less interest in feeding 那么就是说,这个C的东东影响了mice的apetite降低了,而E说C这个东东independently not inhibit the apetite,不会抑制,削弱了呀。但是结论又说C这个东西probably stimulates the feeding。与前提有矛盾啊。
看了答案就明白了 B绝对是错的 E是排除他因 与OG80同样道理
E说明了the chemical是阻止食欲的一种物质,结合文中a chemical that is known to block cannabinoides from reaching their receptors in the brain.不也就正明了C的确是刺激食欲的东西了嘛!所以E是桥梁啊.
E 肯定对. A 好象也有点道理, other substance 可能是原因. 怎么排除A 呢?
我也是觉得A有道理
A. Newborn mice do not normally ingest any substance other than their mothers’ milk.
如果对A取非,mice有可能ingest其他有影响食欲的物质,那么不是weaken结论了吗?
E答案中 the chemical does not independently inhibit the appetite.是典型的not + weaken 类型的假设。B 具有迷惑性,但其实是无关选项。
这个题主要是the chemical does not independently inhibit the appetite这句话把大家饶晕了。
这句话的意思是这种化学物质不能单独起作用去抑制食欲。如果取非,即这种化学物质可以抑制食欲,那么就驳斥了c这种物质能够以致食欲的结论。
注意往小老鼠体内注射的是a chemical,而不是c那种物质
楼上的说得好清楚啊!!
其实E就是个直接削弱!
文中结论:C物质stimulate the appetite
E 捂住not 则是 C物质inhibit the appetite,直接削弱!
我开始选了a 因为没看懂E的最后一句话~~可还是觉的A有道理, 请nn帮忙看看A哪里有问题呢??谢谢
To investigate the function of cannabinoids, researchers injected newborn mice with a chemical that is known to block cannabinoides from reaching their receptors in the brain.
题中目的是要研究cannabinoid的作用,即cannabinoid是否能刺激食欲,而A中所说MICE消化其他食物或牛奶,与题目无关,非题目的研究对象。最多只能算做背景材料吧。
C是与题目无关的。假设是自己加的,主要是因为题目中间也没有暗示妈妈鼓励就一定能刺激食欲。就算妈妈鼓励能刺激食欲,其实是削弱了,因为就算妈妈鼓励了,在试验中,灰鼠还是不愿意吃。
主要不理解的其实是为什么要加independently这个修饰。仔细阅读实际上B和E是一起出的。
B说
Cannabinoids are the only substances in mammals’ milk that stimulate the appetite.试验并没有证明唯一性,实际上潜台词是说这种chemical本身说不定就可以抑制食欲了,而不需要block了。
再看E The chemical that blocks cannabinoids from stimulating their brain receptors does not independently inhibit the appetite.
所以,试验假设不是单靠chemical的力量造成厌食,就排除了chemical本身这个因素,从而能够得出cb的那个结论。实际上,是一种排他发。assume there is no other reason can cause this happen.
我是这么理解的~
如果对c取非,就是说妈妈通常都会鼓励babies吃,但是做实验的时候不同于正常情况下,可能会没有妈妈的鼓励,所以babies会显得没有食欲,所以削弱了结论,不知道分析哪里出错了。。。
请nn们指点~~
这样理解比较好:
Cannabinoids -> apptite
现在researcher加了一种chemical,mice就没有apptite了。
Chemical & Cannabinoids ->not (apptite)
Assumption 就是E:
单独用Chemical不能使mice没有apptite.
我看了c笑了半天 ETS有时候真可爱
又看了一遍,是选E
A?
要证明的是milk不是其它食物, 这跟题目无关
看了横跨5年的帖子,呵呵...
对于E的正确性,可以学习大牛们用取非的思路理解
1、原文:A: 注入的物质 block(分解了) C物质(从而抑制)——> a
B:从而得出结论——C物质刺激a
A——>B
那么如果将E取非,则为注入物质 (单独抑制)——> a
不能得出c物质刺激a,从而weaken了原文的结论
2、对于B,我们做一个取非,即牛奶中还有除C以外的其他物质刺激a,这并没有weaken原结论(c可能刺激了a)
对于C选项也是同理
open to discuss
我总算是明白了。
原文说:奶中的含有C,C会刺激脑中某部位。为了知道是哪个部位,把抑制C的药打到新生MICE里(此处隐含条件是它们吃奶了,好好笑),然后发现食欲下降,两原因,一是C没法刺激食欲所以食欲下降,二是抑制C的药阻碍食欲了
为了证明是C没刺激到食欲导致,就必须建立前提,不关药的事情。因此选E
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