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When storing Renaissance oil paintings, museums conform to standards that call for careful control of the surrounding temperature and humidity, with variations confined within narrow margins. Maintaining this environment is very costly, and recent research shows that even old oil paint is unaffected by wide fluctuations in temperature and humidity. Therefore, museums could relax their standards and save money without endangering their Renaissance oil paintings.

A. Renaissance paintings were created in conditions involving far greater fluctuations in temperature and humidity than those permitted by current standards.

B. Under the current standards that museums use when storing Renaissance oil paintings, those paintings do not deteriorate at all.

C. Museum collections typically do not contain items that are more likely to be vulnerable to fluctuations in temperature and humidity than Renaissance oil paintings.

D. None of the materials in Renaissance oil paintings other than the paint are vulnerable enough to relatively wide fluctuations in temperature and humidity to cause damage to the paintings.

E. Most Renaissance oil paintings are stored in museums located in regions near the regions where the paintings were created.[D]

This question we discussed before, B said those paintings do not deteriorate at all, it does not mean that those paintings will not be endangered, thus, if B is not true, it's possible that those paitings will still not be endangered.

D mentioned no other materials are vulnerable enough to cause damage to the paintings. It should be assumed.

2.even old oil paint is unaffected by wide fluctuations in temperature and humidity

conclusion:museums could relax their standards and save money without endangering their Renaissance oil paintings

i negate B, that is Under the current standards that museums use when storing Renaissance oil paintings, those paintings do deteriorate at all.

I was totally confused , even if i use negation to rest in b and d. and both seem ok.

deteriorate: V. deteriorate deteriorates deteriorating deteriorated
If something deteriorates, it becomes worse in some way.

endanger: V.    endanger  endangers  endangering  endangered
   To endanger something or someone means to put them in a situation where they might be harmed or destroyed completely.

Something is deteriorated do not mean it is endangered. So B is not a required condition to get the conclusion.

I see your reasoning. However, it is apparent that the argument is comparing two situations. So endangering the painting is comparative. You chose B because you think there is a gap in the argument: current standard is used --> would not endanger the painting. My take is that it is not the point or focus of the argument. You should choose D when you see it.

以下是引用leeon在2004-10-21 9:57:00的发言：

B is a confused choice for the word "deteriorate".

deteriorate: V. deteriorate deteriorates deteriorating deteriorated
If something deteriorates, it becomes worse in some way.

to put someone or something in danger of being hurt, damaged, or destroyed
Smoking during pregnancy endangers your baby's life .

ￚendangered adjective The lizards are classed as an endangered species (=one that soon may no longer exist) .

deteriorate:to become worse
Ethel's health has deteriorated. America's deteriorating economy

The post we dicussed before was also replyed by Mindfree, I think what he said is exactly correct.

Therefore, museums could relax their standards and save money without endangering their Renaissance oil paintings.

Not endangering their Renaissance oil paintings--relax their standards and save money.

So the current standards is irrevant to the conclusion. Whether it is true, it can not effect the conclusion that museums could relax their standards as long as the environment which follows the relaxed standards not endangers their Renaissance oil paintings.

leeon, 如果方便的话能否帮我找一下以前的链接我查找了没找到

B. Under the current standards that museums use when storing Renaissance oil
paintings, those paintings do not deteriorate at all.

B. Under the standards that museums use when storing Renaissance oil
paintings, those paintings do not deteriorate at all.

2. deteriorate 并没有限制是题干中的wide fluctuations in temperature and humidity

如果我的理解是对的话在实际考试中如何才能避免这样的错误呢

gwd-8-22

GWD-8-Q22*:
When storing Renaissance oil paintings, museums conform to standards that call for careful control of the surrounding temperature and humidity, with variations confined within narrow margins. Maintaining this environment is very costly, and recent research shows that even old oil paint is unaffected by wide fluctuations in temperature and humidity. Therefore, museums could relax their standards and save money without endangering their Renaissance oil paintings.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

A. Renaissance paintings were created in conditions involving far greater fluctuations in temperature and humidity than those permitted by current standards.
B. Under the current standards that museums use when storing Renaissance oil paintings, those paintings do not deteriorate at all.
C. Museum collections typically do not contain items that are more likely to be vulnerable to fluctuations in temperature and humidity than Renaissance oil paintings.

D. None of the materials in Renaissance oil paintings other than the paint are vulnerable enough to relatively wide fluctuations in temperature and humidity to cause damage to the paintings.

E. Most Renaissance oil paintings are stored in museums located in regions near the regions where the paintings were created.[D]
I choose B instead, when i use negate of B , the conclusion is unhold.
So what is wrong with B?
Thanks.

mindfree ,. leeon, thank you for your response.
I will list the follwing reason
evidence: 1Maintaining this environment is very costly
2.even old oil paint is unaffected by wide fluctuations in temperature and humidity
conclusion:museums could relax their standards and save money without endangering their Renaissance oil paintings
i negate B, that is Under the current standards that museums use when storing Renaissance oil paintings, those paintings do deteriorate at all.
from the above sentence , those paintings are endangered , of course.
so i think b is also assumption. and the conslusion is unhold.
of course, D is also assumption.
I was totally confused , even if i use negation to rest in b and d. and both seem ok.

否定B--Under the current standards that museums use when storing Renaissance oil paintings, those paintings do deteriorate at all, 原文的结论(museums could relax their standards and save money without endangering their Renaissance oil paintings)并没有被否定.

因为: 虽然可以得出museums could relax their standards and save money, 但是, 同时也endangering their Renaissance oil paintings.

好不容易明白了为什么B是IRRELEVENT，但是想问问，D答案：“None of the materials in Renaissance oil paintings other than the paint are vulnerable enough to relatively wide fluctuations in temperature and humidity to
cause damage to the paintings.”究竟是什么意思，是说除了复兴画的涂料本身，其他复兴时期的画油画原材料是不那么容易被改变温度和湿度来引起损坏？？？是这个意思吗？那这样的话，这怎么会是ASSUMPTION呢？我觉得是WEAKEN结论MUSEUMS RELAX STANDARDS的呀！！！请帮忙解释一下！！！谢谢！！！

除了复兴画的涂料本身，其他复兴时期的画油画原材料是不那么容易被改变温度和湿度来引起损坏？？？是这个意思吗？那这样的话，这怎么会是ASSUMPTION呢？我觉得是WEAKEN结论MUSEUMS RELAX STANDARDS的呀！！！请帮忙解释一下！！！谢谢！！！

MM，这个negate一下比较好理解：除了涂料以外，油画上有些其他材料容易被温度和湿度改变，这个改变足以导致对油画的破坏。这样就否定原结论喽

如果没有其他物品受温度 . 适度影响。当然可以relax their standard.

我做的时候也选c，觉得明显是正确答案，没看DE，心里还嘲笑og上说一定要看完全部选项再选择。

我觉得如果题目是Maintaining this environment is very costly, and recent research shows that even old oil painting is unaffected by wide fluctuations in temperature and humidity.

B. Under the current standards that museums use when storing Renaissance oil paintings, those paintings do not deteriorate at all.

原文说even old oil paint is unaffected by wide fluctuations in temperature and humidity.

以下是引用mindfree在2004-8-23 20:02:00的发言：

Answer is D.

B does not have to be true for this question. If the painting deteriorate somewhat with the standards, the standards can still be relaxed if the relaxation does not affect the restoration. I do not know why you choose B. Pls explain.

C is not correct either. It is clearly out of scope. We are talking about restoring this particular type of painting and the standards as well as the change are both for this kind of painting. Whether the museum has other kind of items is irrelevent. Please make sure you understand.

D is one typical answer. It simply points out that it might not be the oil that requires the standard, but something else.

mindfree不是说了么，B的条件太强；即使有一点影响还是可以接受的，因为这不是省钱么（按原文的逻辑 very costly）

LOR:因为实验发现old paint不会受温度湿度影响，所以relax the standard 不会影响old painting。问假设。
因此，C中的items that are more likely to be vulnerable to fluctuations in temperature and humidity than Renaissance oil paintings. 无关

D. None of the materials in Renaissance oil paintings other than the paint are...
取非 = SOME of the materials in Renaissance oil paintings other than the paint are...

既然油画上的paint不会受温度湿度影响（因为实验证明old paint如何如何），而且D说其他冬冬也不会受影响而破坏油画，这不就全了么。

以下是引用dreamerps在2005-10-7 20:59:00的发言：

B. Under the current standards that museums use when storing Renaissance oil paintings, those paintings do not deteriorate at all.

请问B取非是反对前提而没反对结论吗？所以就不对？

原文说even old oil paint is unaffected by wide fluctuations in temperature and humidity.

我觉得是对B取非后,可能存在两种情况,就是究竟是将现有的标准提高好,还是降低好,即对结论的削弱作用不明确.我一开始也选的b,就是默认为取非后现在的标准会造成油画损害,那么就该采取更严格的标准.实际上文中没有提到.不知道说得你能不能理解.呵呵

paint:a liquid that you put on a surface, using a brush to make the surface a particular colour

We gotta fill the gap between "painting" and "paint" with sth., such as choice "D".

我也错选了B。这道题的关键就是painting和paint的意思有差别。

题干中说"...recent research shows that even old oil paint is unaffected by wide fluctuations in temperature and humidity.”

D表达了这样一个意思，如果油画中其他材料（比如说纸张）都没有颜料那么易受温度和湿度的影响，那么结论就成立了。

even old oil paint is unaffected by wide fluctuations in temperature and humidity

D.
None of the materials in Renaissance oil paintings other than the paint are vulnerable enough to relatively wide fluctuations in temperature and humidity to cause damage to the paintings.

这两话意思好象矛盾吧...题目里说PAINT不受影响,D里说只有PAINT受影响...疑惑

"D. None of the materials in Renaissance oil paintings other than the paint are...
取非 = SOME of the materials in Renaissance oil paintings other than the paint are..."

证明: 原句是说除了paint之外,其他因素不受影响. 我们现在定义 A=paint受影响, A非=paint不受影响,B=其他因素受影响,B非=其他因素不受影响. 于是D选项说的是 A∩(B非).
对这个东东取非,得到的结论不是 A∩B, 而是 A∩B + (A非)∩B + (A非)∩(B非).
用题目中的话说,也就是 "paint和其他因素都受影响" + "paint不受影响但其他因素受影响" + "paint和其他因素都不受影响". 很清楚,前两种情况下,肯定得不到结论"...save...without endangering...",但是最后一种情况下,仍然可以得到结论"...save...without endangering..."
综上所述,D取非后仍然可以得到原题结论,所以严格来讲D并不是assumption.(故我选了B)

然而,B选项是个陷阱,估计掉到这个陷阱里的XDJM都和我一样,没有准确理解paint和painting之间的区别(正如27楼说的那样). 原题是从 "老颜料不受影响" 推得 "Renaissance油画不受影响" ,B选项的内容跟推理过程根本不沾边.

现同样证明B是错的: B取非后是"按现行标准,R油画会坏",此时能不能仍旧得到结论"...save...without..."呢?回答是"可能的". 因为,条件和结论之间缺乏论据(原题论据是"颜料...",而不是"老油画..."),故它俩之间无必然联系.

以下是引用追逐梦想2006在2006-2-15 20:07:00的发言：

栽了！

Paint和painting原来是不同的意思，一个是颜料，一个是油画

真鬼，这道题目！

Furthermore, B is incorrect because Under the current standards ...those paintings do not deteriorate at all, if this is the case, the conclusion , museums could relax their standards....seems not right.

果然逻辑题一个字都不能放过，发现逻辑题其实就是抓细节。。。

以下是引用杀出血路在2005-6-20 1:52:00的发言：
old oil painting 和 old oil paint之间存在gap，答案就是如何弥补这个gap，应该是D。

虽然已经理解了为何选D，但是看了这个提醒之后更加理解啦！谢谢！

The spacing of the four holes on a fragment of a bone flute excavated at a Neanderthal campsite is just what is required to play the third through sixth notes of the diatonic scale—the seven-note musical scale used in much of Western music since the Renaissance. Musicologists therefore hypothesize that the diatonic musical scale was developed and used thousands of years before it was adopted by Western musicians.

Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the hypothesis?

Bone flutes were probably the only musical instrument made by Neanderthals.
No musical instrument that is known to have used a diatomic scale is of an earlier date than the flute found at the Neanderthal campsite.
The flute was made from a cave-bear bone and the campsite at which the flute fragment was excavated was in a cave that also contained skeletal remains of cave bears.
Flutes are the simplest wind instrument that can be constructed to allow playing a diatonic scale.
The cave-bear leg bone used to make the Neanderthal flute would have been long enough to make a flute capable of playing a complete diatonic scale.

In parts of South America, vitamin-A deficiency is a serious health problem, especially among children. In one region, agriculturists are attempting to improve nutrition by encouraging farmers to plant a new variety of sweet potato called SPK004 that is rich in beta-carotene, which the body converts into vitamin A. The plan has good chances of success, since sweet potato is a staple of the region’s diet and agriculture, and the varieties currently grown contain little beta-carotene.

Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the prediction that the plan will succeed?

The growing conditions required by the varieties of sweet potato currently cultivated in the region are conditions in which SPK004 can flourish.
The flesh of SPK004 differs from that of the currently cultivated sweet potatoes in color and texture, so traditional foods would look somewhat different when prepared from SPK004.无关
There are no other varieties of sweet potato that are significantly richer in beta-carotene than SPK004 is.
The varieties of sweet potato currently cultivated in the region contain some important nutrients that are lacking in SPK004.无关
There are other vegetables currently grown in the region that contain more beta-carotene than the currently cultivated varieties of sweet potato do.削弱

都是在试图推测某结论成立的时候跑出来一个选项说,没有一个SUBJECT比可以导致这个结论的直接前提更...样,但是如果把这个选项取非就发现,其实是不是有这么一个SUBJECT并不会对原文成立有影响.

那么讨论除了Renaissance oil paintings以外的其他东西有什么意思呢!!!

还是lawyer说的结论的特殊性和具体性啊!!!这样理解好了才可以运用无关排除那些迷惑我们的现象!!!

题干已经说了even old oil paint is unaffected by wide fluctuations in temperature and humidity，老油画不会受影响，那么肯定就是油画中所有的成分都不会受到影响啊，题干已经都说明白了，再选D还有意义吗？

题干是说，因此，博物馆可以放开这些标准从而“达到省钱的目的”，如果博物馆还有其他对湿度温度敏感的item，那么就达不到省钱的目的啊，我选的是C，请大家指教