标题: gwd7-Q4，语法笔记上的补充说明存在疑惑 [打印本页] 作者: cegret 时间: 2012-8-1 19:50 标题: gwd7-Q4，语法笔记上的补充说明存在疑惑 Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—less than those killed by bee stings.
A.movies—less than those
B.movies—fewer than have been
C.movies, which is less than those
D.movies, a number lower than the people(B)
E.movies, fewer than the ones
题目释义：Only seven people this century have been killed by … --- fewer than have been killed…
B.correct；than可以即做连词又做代词，即than作为比较连词的同时指代了people(见prep 1-202 as,than可以做比较从句的主语，)；另外破折号的使用是适合的；本题用fewer than those也没有问题，具体见补充说明。 C.which可以跳过插入语指代没问题；less错误；those使得比较结构不平行
C.which可以跳过插入语指代没问题；less错误；those使得比较结构不平行
D.a number同位语与其所修饰对象seven people太远；不能跟people相比较
E.ones不能指代people（Manhattan），即使能够指代，比较结构也不平行
补充说明：1. 一道类似却不一样的题 -à未完稿：
OG10-19. In addition to having more protein than wheat does, the protein in rice is higher quality than that in wheat, with more of the amino acids essential to the human diet.
(A)the protein in rice is higher quality than that in
(B)rice has protein of higher quality than that in
(C)the protein in rice is higher in quality than it is in
(D)rice protein is higher in quality than it is in
(E)rice has a protein higher in quality than
In this sentence, the initial clause modifies the nearest noun, identifying it as the thing being compared with wheat. By making protein the noun modified, choices A, C, and D illogically compare wheat with protein(是指In addition to having more protein than wheat does这个从句里面) and claim that the protein in rice has more protein than wheat does. In C and D, the comparative structure higher in quality than it is in wheat absurdly suggests that rice protein contains wheat. B, the best choice, logically compares wheat to rice by placing the noun rice immediately after the initial clause. B also uses that to refer to protein in making the comparison between the proteins of rice and wheat. Choice E needs either that in or does after wheat to make a complete and logical comparison.
从E可以看出，用than that in wheat或than does wheat都可以，但这并不能说明在其他的比较结构中也能用that in，而不是用主谓(宾)结构来与than前面的结构平行。在这个句子里：Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—fewer than have been killed by bee stings.后面的比较成分是不可以改为less than those killed by bee stings的。具体原因如下：
在rice has a protein higher in quality than that in wheat这个句子里，比较对象是protein和that（that指代的也是protein），比较的仅仅是protein（rice has不在比较成分之内，比较的是protein的属性），所以允许平行。而在Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—fewer than …中，不仅仅Only seven people，后面的this century have been killed by the great white shark也都在比较对象里面，所以后文不能用those killed by bee stings，而应该用平行的结构than have been killed。
再比如这个句子(GWD-29-24)：According to recent studies comparing the nutritional value of meat from wild animals and meat from domesticated animals, wild animals have less total fat than (that of) livestock fed on grain and more of a kind of fat thought to be good for cardiac health. 这个句子不对。其在livestock前加上that of…比较的对象是animals has less fat和that，that指代fat，而事实上比较的应该是wild animals和livestock的属性，即拥有fat的多少，所以than后面也应该用平行的句式，即主谓宾形式。正确句子为：According to recent studies comparing the nutritional value of meat from wild animals and meat from domesticated animals, wild animals have less total fat than livestock fed on grain and more of a kind of fat thought to be good for cardiac health.。要注意的一点：在此省略了相同的谓语和宾语（因为不会有wild animals have livestock的歧义，只要逻辑上基本成立，GMAT并不认为所有没有补出谓语动词的形式都是”ambiguities”的）。（原句不对的另外一个证据： more of a kind of fat 后面省略了(than…)，而省略的部分应该和less total fat than后面的词句是一致的，这样才能省略?逻辑上看省略的必须是livestock，而不能是that of livestock，因此less total fat than后面跟的也应该是livestock。）
以上内容从prep08语法笔记上摘抄，黄色标记的地方不太明白，感觉是不是存在矛盾呢，一个说可以用fewer than those,下面又说those killed by bee stings不能用，看不明白到底是怎么个情况呢，是不是我理解错了，请各位大神指教啊~~~~~~~ 另外，到底什么时候可以用that/those，什么时候只能用than呢？看说明还是找不到关键点在哪里？作者: sisichen666 时间: 2012-9-9 15:22
我觉得还是要看你比较的主题到底是什么，根据句意逻辑回答，正确率会更高，而不仅仅关注语法结构