请教34篇， 就是讲日本最早去美洲的移民如何通过一个组织Issei， 形成自己的farming communities的。文章如下： （不好意思，被我划的花花绿绿的）
Kazuko Nakane’s history of the early Japanese immi-
grants to central California’s Pajaro Valley focuses on
the development of farming communities there from
1890 to 1940. The Issei (first-generation immigrants)
(5) were brought into the Pajaro Valley to raise sugar beets.
Like Issei laborers in American cities, Japanese men in
rural areas sought employment via the “boss” system.
The system comprised three elements: immigrant wage
laborers; Issei boardinghouses where laborers stayed;
(10) and labor contractors, who gathered workers for a
particular job and then negotiated a contract between
workers and employer. This same system was originally
utilized by the Chinese laborers who had preceded the
Japanese. A related institution was the “labor club,”
(15)which provided job information and negotiated employ-
ment contracts and other legal matters, such as the
rental of land, for Issei who chose to belong and paid an
annual fee to the cooperative for membership.
When the local sugar beet industry collapsed in 1902,
(20) the Issei began to lease land from the valley’s strawberry
farmers. The Japanese provided the labor and the crop
was divided between laborers and landowners. The Issei
began to operate farms, they began to marry and start
families, forming an established Japanese American
(30) community. Unfortunately, the Issei’s efforts to attain
agricultural independence were hampered by govern-
ment restrictions, such as the Alien Land Law of 1913.
But immigrants could circumvent such exclusionary laws
by leasing or purchasing land in their American-born
(35) children’s names.
Nakane’s case study of one rural Japanese American
community provides valuable information about the
lives and experiences of the Isseil. It is, however, too
particularistic. This limitation derives from Nakane’s
(40) methodology—that of oral history—which cannot
substitute for a broader theoretical or comparative
perspective. Furture research might well consider two
issues raised by her study: were the Issei of the Pajaro
Valley similar to or different from Issei in urban settings,
(45) and what variations existed between rural Japanese
American communities?
想问一下第6题：
The author of the passage would most likely agree that
which of the following, if it had been included in
Nakane’s study, would best remedy the particularistic
nature of that study?
(A) A statistical table comparing per capita income of
Issei wage laborers and sharecroppers in the Pajaro
Valley
(B) A statistical table showing per capita income of
Issei in the Pajaro Valley from 1890 to 1940
(C) A statistical table showing rates of farm ownership
by Japanese Americans in four central California
counties from 1890 to 1940
(D) A discussion of original company documents
dealing with the Pajaro Valley sugar beet industry at
the turn of the century
答案选C，B为什么不对呢？文章最后说 要补充 城市和乡村的Issei的比较， 还要补充那些communities的variation。
那么B不就是说的人均收入在1890-1940间的变化吗？
哪位大侠讲讲？谢谢了
不好意思，题目比较长，哪位nn做过这篇阅读的能说说？
谢谢了
文章末尾不是说 只局限于P V这个地方吗？
所以选一个没有P V 的选项啊
same question on Q6 here. please help.
Also I have problem with Q4:
4. Several Issei families join together to purchase a
strawberry field and the necessary farming equipment.
Such a situation best exemplifies which of the
following, as it is described in the passage?
(A) A typical sharecropping agreement
(B) A farming corporation
(C) A “labor club”
(D) The “boss” system
(E) Circumvention of the Alien Land Law
Answer B: farming corporation is never mentioned in the passage.
I chose E because purchase a field is not allowed, obviously it's circumvention of the alien land law.
It really bothers me... Any help will be appreciated?
the provenance of question 4 is from "a limited amonut of economic progress was made as some Issei were able to rent or buy farmland directly, while others joined together to form farming corporation".
For question 6, in the end of the last paragraph, it stresses two points. One is the comparison between rural Issei and urban Issei, the other is the comparison between diferrent rural Japanese American communities. Such comparisons will be helpful for the study of early Japanese immigrants history in America. Option B describes data only related to only rural Issei, but option C deals with the data related to 4 Japanese American communities located in 4 central california counties respectively. So option C is correct.
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