Q25 to Q28:
Jon Clark’s study of the effect of
the modernization of a telephone
exchange on exchange maintenance
Line
work and workers is a solid contribution(5)
to a debate that encompasses twolively issues in the history and sociol16
ogy of technology: technological
determinism and social constructivism.
Clark makes the point that the char-
(10)
acteristics of a technology have adecisive influence on job skills and
work organization. Put more strongly,
technology can be a primary determinant
of social and managerial organ-
(15)
ization. Clark believes this possibilityhas been obscured by the recent sociological
fashion, exemplified by
Braverman’s analysis, that emphasizes
the way machinery reflects social
(20)
choices. For Braverman, the shape ofa technological system is subordinate
to the manager’s desire to wrest control
of the labor process from the
workers. Technological change is
(25)
construed as the outcome of negotiationsamong interested parties who
seek to incorporate their own interests
into the design and configuration of the
machinery. This position represents
(30)
the new mainstream called social constructivism.The constructivists gain acceptance
by misrepresenting technological determinism:
technological determinists are
(35)
supposed to believe, for example, thatmachinery imposes appropriate forms
of order on society. The alternative to
constructivism, in other words, is to
view technology as existing outside
(40)
society, capable of directly influencingskills and work organization.
Clark refutes the extremes of the
constructivists by both theoretical and
empirical arguments. Theoretically he
(45)
defines “technology” in terms of relationshipsbetween social and technical
variables. Attempts to reduce the
meaning of technology to cold, hard
metal are bound to fail, for machinery
(50)
is just scrap unless it is organizedfunctionally and supported by appropriate
systems of operation and main17
tenance.
Q26:
The information in the passage suggests that Clark believes that which of the following
would be true if social constructivism had not gained widespread acceptance?
A. Businesses would be more likely to modernize without considering the social
consequences of their actions.
B. There would be greater understanding of the role played by technology in
producing social change.
C. Businesses would be less likely to understand the attitudes of employees affected
by modernization.
D. Modernization would have occurred at a slower rate.
E. Technology would have played a greater part in determining the role of business
in society.
Answer: B
Why not E? Thanks,
原文中没有讨论到 the role of business in society 这个概念
所以E 算是无关
how do we interpret "greater understanding" in B?
where can we derive this from the passage?
Ok, now I see it, Line 12-15
Put more strongly,
technology can be a primary determinant
of social and managerial organ-
(15) ization. Clark believes this possibility
has been obscured by the recent sociological
fashion, exemplified by...
Ok, now I see it, Line 12-15
Put more strongly,
technology can be a primary determinant
of social and managerial organ-
(15) ization. Clark believes this possibility
has been obscured by the recent sociological
fashion, exemplified by...
我觉得你的定位不对，应该是：
The constructivists gain acceptance
by misrepresenting technological determinism:
technological determinists are
(35)
supposed to believe, for example, thatmachinery imposes appropriate forms
of order on society.
这里说constructivists 通过误解determinism而gain acceptance。反过来，如果它们没有gain acceptance，则对“误解”取非。
强烈支持楼上，定位在mispresent
我觉得这两个定位都可以得到B答案
The information in the passage suggests that
Put more strongly,
technology can be a primary determi-
nant of social and managerial organ-
(15) ization.
possibility has been obscured by the
recent sociological fashion, exemplified by
Braverman’s analysis, that emphasizes
the way machinery reflects social
(20) choices.
或
The constructivists gain acceptance
by misrepresenting technological deter-
minism: technological determinists are
(35) supposed to believe, for example,
that machinery imposes appropriate forms
of order on society.
B. There would be greater understanding of the role played by technology in producing social change.
L32. gain acceptance...
最好解释~订。
e答案做了无关推测。
[l1]这里并不是说因为social constructivism，technology就没有发挥作用，而是说因为social constructivism，人们认为技术是社会的反映，（也就是说并不是social constructivism限制了技术的重要性的发挥，而是影响了人们对技术重要性的理解）
仔细分析这里的意思，即便定位到这里，答案应该也是B
The constructivsts gain acceptance by mispresenting technological determinism.
通过mispresenting，construtivists得到了广泛的认同。
难道能反过来说，如果没有广泛的认同，就不会mispresenting? 我觉得逻辑有点不对。
比如说“我通过讨论，得出这题的正确答案”。 反过来如果说，'如果没有得出正确答案，说明我没有讨论吗？’逻辑明显是错的啊！！
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