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标题: OG12 139题的几个未解疑问 [打印本页]

作者: zwhjzwhj 时间: 2012-7-19 20:49
标题: OG12 139题的几个未解疑问
原题如下：
139. The company announced that its profits declined much less in the second quarter than analysts had expected it to and its business will improve in the
second half of the year.
(A)had expected it to and its business will improve
(B)had expected and that its business would improve
(C) expected it would and that it will improve its business

(D)expected them to and its business would improve

(E)expected and that it will have improved its business

选B

我的问题是：
1，既然是than的比较结构，那么究竟省略了哪些东西
有一种省略的说法是：than (the profits that) analysts ... 再没有省略的了？

2，第二点就是expect的用法，自己做题的时候在expect后面要不要接东西的选项中纠结了好久
如果expect后面要接宾语，把it的数量不对改了，那么就是expect them do
加入时态之后，即比较双方是profits declined less than analysts had expected （profits declined）had expected them did
对不？

3，would和will的用法，用would究竟是不是虚拟语气的表达。
OG说The sentence must also use would rather than will for the company's uncertainbusiness improvement in the future.
那么是不是用will就表示确定的将来语气，用would就表示将来的不确定？

其实之所以会出现这些疑问，主要还是基础语法知识不过硬，甚至对于词的用法都模棱两可的。
求CDer们帮助解答，共同讨论。

作者: jeffery2541 时间: 2012-7-19 22:19

原题如下：
139. The company announced that its profits declined much less in the second quarter than analysts had expected it to and its business will improve in the
second half of the year.
(A)had expected it to and its business will improve
(B)had expected and that its business would improve
(C) expected it would and that it will improve its business

(D)expected them to and its business would improve

(E)expected and that it will have improved its business

选B

我的问题是：
1，既然是than的比较结构，那么究竟省略了哪些东西
有一种省略的说法是：than (the profits that) analysts ... 再没有省略的了？

2，第二点就是expect的用法，自己做题的时候在expect后面要不要接东西的选项中纠结了好久
如果expect后面要接宾语，把it的数量不对改了，那么就是expect them do
加入时态之后，即比较双方是profits declined less than analysts had expected （profits declined）had expected them did
对不？

3，would和will的用法，用would究竟是不是虚拟语气的表达。
OG说The sentence must also use would rather than will for the company's uncertainbusiness improvement in the future.
那么是不是用will就表示确定的将来语气，用would就表示将来的不确定？

其实之所以会出现这些疑问，主要还是基础语法知识不过硬，甚至对于词的用法都模棱两可的。
求CDer们帮助解答，共同讨论。

-- by 会员 zwhjzwhj (2012/7/19 20:49:07)

1·我认为你提到的那种省略是不正确的。
its profits declined much less in the second quarter than (the profits that) analysts
如果省略的真的是括号内的东西的话，那么than后面的比较对象就是profits，而这个省略恰恰把核心词给省了，而把定语从句的句子主干给留下来了，显然不合理，这只是一种推测；而我真正想说的是，要注意这个less，它是little的比较级，而little既可以是形容词，又可以是副词，显然这里不是形容词性（因为句子里没有不可数名词），如果没有比较，前半句应是profits declined little---利润下降得少，那么比较的就是实际下降了比预想下降要少，显然比较对象就不是名词，而是动词；
如果让我补充上省略的部分，我会这样做：than analysts had expected the profits to decline
至于为什么这样补充，就牵扯到expect的用法

2·expect的固定搭配用法：
意为“预料”时：

sth. be expected to do/be;指望，期望

it is expected that 预期（与上着一个意思，但是没有上者简洁）
expect to do sth.

expect sb./sth. to do sth.

expect that

expect sth.

意为“想要“时：

expect sth. from sb.

expect sb. to do sth.

3·关于will和would：
首先，只要用would，表达出来的肯定程度都要弱一些；其次，两者表达将来所站时间点不同，will站在现在，would站在过去；最后，在做这道题时，如果用了will，就会出现时态混用，通句过去时态，will来个将来，很尴尬很尴尬。

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以上内容纯属个人浅见。。。请楼主笑纳~

作者: adimeisi 时间: 2012-8-14 21:15
标题: 关于时态的问题，总是不明白，楼上的NN说的，前后时态不一致，会很尴尬，让我突然顿悟！！谢谢
如题

作者: iambigchan 时间: 2012-11-24 16:53
请教一下：

如果把b选项改为：had expected them to and that its business would improve 还是正确的吗？

them 在这里会有指代不清吗？

谢谢大家！

作者: abjure 时间: 2012-11-24 19:04

-- by 会员 zwhjzwhj (2012/7/19 20:49:07)

-- by 会员 jeffery2541 (2012/7/19 22:19:17)

我觉得jeffery2541 这点解释不正确。

因为比较结构通常比较平行，
所以有没有人可以从平行的角度讲讲这个比较结构平行在哪里？
以及是否省略？。
是不是这样的省略：than (the profits that) analysts ...，判断的依据是什么？
这个句子是主语比较呢，还是句子比较呢？

谢谢

作者: abjure 时间: 2012-11-24 19:06

请教一下：

如果把b选项改为：had expected them to and that its business would improve 还是正确的吗？

them 在这里会有指代不清吗？

谢谢大家！

-- by 会员 iambigchan (2012/11/24 16:53:30)

代词能省则省，
比较也比较强调平行，补出来的them 视乎在than 找不到可以对应的东西。

作者: iambigchan 时间: 2012-11-24 23:11

请教一下：

如果把b选项改为：had expected them to and that its business would improve 还是正确的吗？

them 在这里会有指代不清吗？

谢谢大家！

-- by 会员 iambigchan (2012/11/24 16:53:30)

代词能省则省，
比较也比较强调平行，补出来的them 视乎在than 找不到可以对应的东西。

-- by 会员 abjure (2012/11/24 19:06:31)

谢谢你！！又是你出来回答我的问题！好感动！

是指代词平行原则是吗？即在此句中them是expect 的宾语，而前面profits是decline的主语，所以指代不了profits。那它会不会指代到analysts?

作者: iambigchan 时间: 2012-11-24 23:12

-- by 会员 zwhjzwhj (2012/7/19 20:49:07)

-- by 会员 jeffery2541 (2012/7/19 22:19:17)

-- by 会员 abjure (2012/11/24 19:04:56)

同问！谢谢大家！

作者: abjure 时间: 2012-11-25 17:13

-- by 会员 zwhjzwhj (2012/7/19 20:49:07)

-- by 会员 jeffery2541 (2012/7/19 22:19:17)

-- by 会员 abjure (2012/11/24 19:04:56)

同问！谢谢大家！

-- by 会员 iambigchan (2012/11/24 23:12:53)

我对比了这题和 og 12-13
这两天把几乎的所有的时间都献给 COMPARE SECTION.
两者比较结构是类似的。
看了RON的省略指导
（1）省略对象无语法上的改变
(2) 省略对象在比较结构的前半句出现过。

PREP 1-183

http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/despite-recent-increases-in-sales-and-cash-flow-t5893-15.html 推荐大家看看，看了就对比较清晰很多。

whenever you use a parallel structure with omitted/elided words, the EXACT omitted word(s) MUST be present, IN PARALLEL STRUCTURE, elsewhere in the sentence. this means in exactly the same form - no alterations, no tense changes, no nothing. （有人知道这里的 no nothing 作何解答吗， prep 语法笔记上写(unretriviable omission) ，不知道啥意思）

this kills choice (b). that choice ends with "...than they have been", which omits a participle: in other words, it's actually "...than they have been ______", where the ______ is clearly seen to be setting (dividends).
since the EXACT WORD setting doesn't appear anywhere else in this sentence, the sentence is incorrect.

by contrast, choice (c) is a-ok on this point. this choice also contains "...than they have been (__________)", where the parallel concept, "(more) conservative", actually appears elsewhere in the sentence.

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