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标题: GWD-4-38 [打印本页]
作者: ping0114    时间: 2004-10-13 12:06
标题: GWD-4-38

Q38:


Two centuries ago, laceName>TufelaceName> laceType>PeninsulalaceType> became separated form the mainland, isolating on the newly formed laceName>TufelaceName> laceType>IslandlaceType> a population of Turfil sunflowers.  This population’s descendants grow to be, on average, 40 centimeters shorter than Turfil sunflowers found on the mainland.  laceName>TufelaceName> Island is significantly drier than Tufe Peninsula was.  So the current average height of Tufe’s Turfil sunflowers is undoubtedly at least partially attributable to changes in Tufe’s environmental conditions.



Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?




  • There are no types of vegetation on Tufe Island that are known to benefit from dry conditions.

  • There were about as many Turfil sunflowers on Tufe Peninsula two centuries ago as there are on Tufe Island today.

  • The mainland’s environment has not changed in ways that have resulted in Turfil sunflowers on the mainland growing to be 40 centimeters taller than they did two centuries ago.

  • The soil on Tufe Island, unlike that on the mainland, lacks important nutrients that help Turfil sunflowers survive and grow tall in a dry environment.

  • The 40-centimeter height difference between the Turfil sunflowers on Tufe Island and those on the mainland is the only difference between the two populations.

    • 答案C


    不明白 growing to be 40 centimeters taller than they did two centuries ago 如何得出?



    作者: byebyelove    时间: 2004-10-13 13:22

    因为差 40公分

    所以前提要非mainland气候改变导致增长差40公分

    作者: ping0114    时间: 2004-10-13 13:58

    明白了,谢谢

    作者: bobomomo    时间: 2004-10-19 07:04

    感觉这T 怪怪的 不象ASSUMPTION 一般类型的样子

    选这T 的时候 看到C 的NOT 我去掉了 原文结论不成立 于是就选了

    但现在仔细看看 感觉我的思路好象有点问题！文章里说的是 on average, 40 centimeters shorter than Turfil sunflowers found on the mainland

    C 去NOT ，

    1. The mainland’s environment has （not ）changed in ways that have resulted in Turfil sunflowers on the mainland growing to be 40 centimeters taller than they did two centuries ago.

    与文章结论相反！是这个样子的吗？

    还有 ABE 无关 D WEAKEN 吧？

    谢谢

    作者: leeon    时间: 2004-10-19 12:50

    Before u do these assumption questions, u should know what is the conclusion of the paragraph. According to the conclusion, try to understand how the argument is reasoned to arrive the conclusion.

    In this question, the argument is concluded that current average height of T's TS is attributable to changes in T's envirenmental conditions.  ay attention to words highlight above, changes in T's enviremental conditions, if C is not assumed, then it's possible that enviremental conditions changes in mainland causes the T's TS 40 cm shorter, then the conclusion will be questionable.

    作者: joe11    时间: 2004-10-19 21:55

    "Before u do these assumption questions, u should know what is the conclusion of the paragraph. According to the conclusion, try to understand how the argument is reasoned to arrive the conclusion."  -- Leeon


    I don't want to over-emphasis it. It is by all means right. This should also be applied to Bold Face questions. Even if you run out of time and couldn' t read the full premises, you can still make educated guess just based on knowing the conclusions.


    " 还有 ABE 无关 D WEAKEN 吧？"


    A,B,D are "out of scope".  E is too extreme (only difference).  


    You can believe D is weaken. However, the conlusion concerns "environmental conditions", but in D, it concerns "DRY environmental conditions". 偷换概念


    [此贴子已经被作者于2004-10-19 21:55:31编辑过]
    作者: bobomomo    时间: 2004-10-20 02:43

    谢谢JOE11 和LEEON

    THANX ALOT

    作者: swlfx    时间: 2005-7-30 17:38
    以下是引用joe11在2004-10-19 21:55:00的发言：


    You can believe D is weaken. However, the conlusion concerns "environmental conditions", but in D, it concerns "DRY environmental conditions". 偷换概念


    曾误以为D是支持作用呢，多谢斑竹。

    作者: 入画    时间: 2006-2-16 22:26

    不明白 So the current average height of Tufe’s Turfil sunflowers is undoubtedly at least partially attributable to changes in Tufe’s environmental conditions. 中的TUFE‘S 是指大陆还是分离出去的岛。


    C取非后如何削弱了结论呢？ 反正是由环境变化引起的嘛，不管是大陆还是分出去的岛都支持结论啊。

    作者: WD2007    时间: 2007-8-15 16:46

    文章的结论是So the current average height of Tufe’s Turfil sunflowers is undoubtedly at least partially attributable to changes in Tufe’s environmental conditions.并不是环境变化引起植物的生长变化，

    因此需要排除大陆环境变化因素

    由可能是取非后削弱是大陆变化，而岛上环境没变化所以造成了４０的差距

    作者: batmanhm    时间: 2008-5-7 20:41

    如果只给这5个选项,肯定C是最佳的.

    但是大家不觉得C有漏洞么?

    因为结论是attributable to changes in Tufe’s environmental conditions.

    只说明是Tufe's,并没有指明说是Tufe island还是Tufe mainland

    作者: batmanhm    时间: 2008-5-7 21:00

    想通了...

    没分裂前叫半岛,分裂后叫岛...

    根本不存在Tufe mainland...

    作者: 问啊问啊    时间: 2015-4-30 05:00
    我认为，推理文段的前提中给出了一组统计关联的变量，原文的前提写到：Tufe Island is significantly drier than Tufe Peninsula was，以及 40 centimeters shorter than Turfil sunflowers found on the mainland.而文段的结论认为，两者是因果关系：the current average height of Tufe's Turfil sunflowers is undoubtedly at least partially attributable to changes in Tufe's environmental conditions.。这是相关因果推理的典型特点，因此，本题是相关因果推理。
    前提：X：“T岛和其半岛相比，严重干旱”和Y：“sunflower在T岛上比其半岛上平均高40cm”之间存在正相关关系
    结论：X是由Y引起
    答案选项要么同时提及X和Y，要么给Y另外一个原因。
    选项分析：AB明显错不说了。
    C同时提到了X和Y，留着。
    D 说土地营养成分不一样，但是就说到了半岛上的长不高，到底长不高是多矮啊？比主岛的高100cm，但是和同类植物比还是属于不高，还是和主岛的差了100cm？没有讲清楚和主岛的比较，光自己跟自己比是没用的。原文反复强调的都是主岛和半岛的比较。所以是无关选项。
    E 说Y是主半岛唯一区别，那请问提到X了么?光抓着一个变量自己玩有毛用？
    综上，选C。环境没变（加强X），就是题设唯一原因导致40cm差（再次强调Y），所以是加强。
    作者: yuoasd    时间: 2018-6-12 21:32
    C选项
    取非：mainland环境变了，导致植物长的高
    说明另有他因，导致mainland的植物长得高，而不是干燥！取非削弱了！

    D选项
    取非：island不缺少营养，营养在干燥环境仍能帮助植物长高。
    所以排除了营养的影响，加强了原结论！
    作者: 2022mbago    时间: 2022-3-12 17:17
    yuoasd 发表于 2018-6-12 21:32
    C选项
    取非：mainland环境变了，导致植物长的高
    说明另有他因，导致mainland的植物长得高，而不是干燥！取 ...

    同意！               



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