6. Historian: Alexander the Great should not be judged by appeal to current notions of justice. Alexander, an ancient figure of heroic stature, should be judged by the standards of his own culture. That is, did he live up to his culture’s ideals of leadership? Did Alexander elevate the contemporary standards of justice? Was he, in his day, judged to be a just and wise ruler?
Student: But you cannot tell whether or not Alexander raised the contemporary standards of justice without invoking standards other than those of his own culture.
Which one of the following argumentative strategies does the student use in responding to the historian?
(A) arguing that applying the historian’s principle would require a knowledge of the past that is necessarily inaccessible to current scholarship
(B) attempting to undermine the historian’s principle by showing that some of its consequences are inconsistent with each other
(C) showing that the principle the historian invokes, when applied to Alexander, does not justify the assertion that he was heroic
(D) questioning the historian’s motivation for determining whether a standard of behavior has been raised or lowered（E）
(E) claiming that one of the historian’s criteria for judging Alexander is inconsistent with the principle that the historian has advanced
1)What is the inconsistence referred in E?
2)... without invoking standards other than those of his own culture..."what does "other than" mean here?
Can some helper offer an explanation?Thanks a lot!
谢谢版主!我理解错了,invoking standards other than those of his own culture 应修饰 YOU CAN NOT TELL...,而非 A RAISED...
谢谢CD给了我们一个交流的平台!
"without invoking standards other than those of his own culture" 确实是修饰raised的。
试着翻译如下：
Student: But you cannot tell whether or not Alexander raised the contemporary standards of justice without invoking standards other than those of his own culture.
(学生: 但你无法判断在没有其他文化标准来衡量的前提下Alexander是否提升了它同时代的标准)
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