| A Labor Department study states that the numbers of women employed outside the home grew bv more than a thirty-five percent increase in the past decade and accounted for more than sixty-two percent of the total growth in the civilian workforce. (A)numbers of women employed outside the home grew by more than a thirty-five percent increase (B)numbers of women employed outside the home grew more than thirty-five percent (C)numbers of women employed outside the home were raised by more than thirty-five percent (D)number of women employed outside the home increased by more than thirty-five percent (E)number of women employed outside the home was raised by more than a thirty-five percent increase Diction; Rhetorical construction The sentence misuses the word numbers and contains the redundant word increase. The plural numbers means a large crowd or multitude, while the singular number refers to a specific quantity of individuals. The count of women here should be expressed as the number. The noun increase repeats the meaning already present in the verb grew, only one of the two words is necessary to the sentence. A Numbers should be number. Grew and increase repeat the same idea. B Numbers should be the singular number. C Numbers should be number. The passive-voice verb were raised by is unclear and wordy. D Correct. In this sentence, number correctly replaces numbers, and redundancy is eliminated with the use of the verb increased. E The passive-voice verb was raised by is unclear and wordy. Increase is redundant. The correct answer is D. |
| Except for a concert performance that the composer himself staged in 1911, Scott Joplin’s ragtime opera Treemonisha was not produced until 1972, sixty-one years after its completion. (A)Except for a concert performance that the composer himself staged (B)Except for a concert performance with the composer himself staging it (C)Besides a concert performance being staged by the composer himself (D)Excepting a concert performance that the composer himself staged E)With the exception of a concert performance with the staging done by the composer himself Idiom; Rhetorical construction This sentence requires attention to idiom and to conciseness. Exceptfor is correctly followed by a noun, concert performance', that the composer himself staged is a clause that clearly and concisely describes the performance. A Correct. In this sentence, the correct idiom is used in a clear and concise expression. B With . . . it is an awkward and wordy construction, and staging suggests ongoing action rather than action completed in 1911. C Being staged suggests ongoing rather than completed action. D Excepting usually appears in negative constructions; it is not the correct idiom in this sentence. E This sentence is awkward and wordy. The correct answer is A. |
| Declining values for farm equipment and land, the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, is going to force many lenders to tighten or deny credit this spring. (A)the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, is (B)which farmers use as collateral to borrow against to get through the harvest season, is (C)the collateral which is borrowed against by farmers to get through the harvest season, is (D)which farmers use as collateral to borrow against to get through the harvest season, are (E)the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, are Agreement; Rhetorical construction Because a lengthy construction appears between the subject and the verb, it may be hard to see at first that the plural subject values does not agree with the singular verb is. Values requires are. A The singular verb is does not agree with the plural subject values. B Is does not agree with values', the clause is awkward and redundant. C Is does not agree with values', the clause is awkward and wordy. D Use as collateral to borrow against is redundant; the wording is awkward. E Correct. In this sentence, the plural subject values agrees with the plural verb are. |
| While depressed property values can hurt some large investors, they are potentially devastating for homeowners, whose equity—in many cases representing a life’s savings—can plunge or even disappear. (A)they are potentially devastating for homeowners, whose (B)they can potentially devastate homeowners in that their (C)for homeowners they are potentially devastating, because their (D)for homeowners, it is potentially devastating in that their (E)it can potentially devastate homeowners, whose Rhetorical construction; Agreement This sentence is correct and concise. They clearly refers to property values, and whose refers to homeowners. A Correct. The relationship between nouns and pronouns is correct in this sentence; the expression is concise and clear. B Can potentially is redundant; in that their is wordy, awkward, and ambiguous. C Their appears to refer to they (property values) rather than to homeowners. D It does not agree with, property values', in that their is wordy and awkward. E It does not agree with property values; can potentially is redundant. The correct answer is A. |
| Japanese researchers are producing a series of robots that can identify human facial expressions, to which they will then respond: their goal is primarily creating a robot that will empathize with us. (A)expressions, to which they will then respond; their goal is primarily creating (B)expressions, then responding to them; primarily to create (C)expressions and then respond to them; the researchers’ primary goal is to create (D)expressions as well as giving a response to them; their primary goal is creation of |
| In recent years cattle breeders have increasingly used crossbreeding, in part that their steers should acquire certain characteristics and partly because crossbreeding is said to provide hybrid vigor. |
| (A) | in part that their steers should acquire certain |
| characteristics | |
| (B) | in part for the acquisition of certain |
| characteristics in their steers | |
| (C) | partly because of their steers acquiring certain |
| characteristics | |
| (D) | partly because certain characteristics should be |
| acquired by their steers | |
| (E) | partly to acquire certain characteristics in their |
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