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标题: OG12 118为什么同位语的描述方式比定从简洁 [打印本页]

作者: zhongshanlh 时间: 2012-4-9 19:53
标题: OG12 118为什么同位语的描述方式比定从简洁

118. The World WildlifeFund has declared that global warming, a phenomenon most scientists agree tobe caused by human beings in burning fossil fuels, will create havoc amongmigratory birds by altering the environment in ways harmful to their habitats.

(A) a phenomenon most scientists agree tobe caused by human beings in burning fossil fuels,

(B) a phenomenon most scientists agree thatis caused by fossil fuels burned by human beings,

(D) which most scientists agree on as aphenomenon caused by human beings who burn fossil fuels,

(E) which most scientists agree to be a phenomenoncaused by fossil fuels burned by human beings,

对于D和E选项中OG分别解释说thephrasing is wordy and indirect.和thephrasing is wordy and the meaning is imprecise;

查看了所有这个题目的帖子，凡是问道D和E中which这个问题的时候，回答基本上都是这么一句话：使用a phenomenon同位语比使用which定语要简洁（或者更有甚者就是说D和E中用了which肯定不选。。。）

可是我还是木有想明白为啥用同位语就优于定从了呢、？？为啥啊

作者: qychen 时间: 2012-4-9 20:31

(A) a phenomenon most scientists agree tobe caused by human beings in burning fossil fuels,

(B) a phenomenon most scientists agree thatis caused by fossil fuels burned by human beings,

(D) which most scientists agree on as aphenomenon caused by human beings who burn fossil fuels,

(E) which most scientists agree to be a phenomenoncaused by fossil fuels burned by human beings,

对于D和E选项中OG分别解释说thephrasing is wordy and indirect.和thephrasing is wordy and the meaning is imprecise;

可是我还是木有想明白为啥用同位语就优于定从了呢、？？为啥啊

-- by 会员 zhongshanlh (2012/4/9 19:53:41)

CD 要用 which most scientists agree is a phenomenon caused by，嵌入式修饰，参考：
http://forum.chasedream.com/archiver/GMAT_SC/thread-417488-1.html

所以是problematic的；因此你看出来，这个which is a phenomenon，不如直接用a phenomenon好

作者: zhongshanlh 时间: 2012-4-9 20:40
终于明白了！太感激你啦 qychen ！恍然大悟的感觉啊，原来D和E中还套了一层嵌入式关系从句这种结构！

(A) a phenomenon most scientists agree tobe caused by human beings in burning fossil fuels,

(B) a phenomenon most scientists agree thatis caused by fossil fuels burned by human beings,

(D) which most scientists agree on as aphenomenon caused by human beings who burn fossil fuels,

(E) which most scientists agree to be a phenomenoncaused by fossil fuels burned by human beings,

对于D和E选项中OG分别解释说thephrasing is wordy and indirect.和thephrasing is wordy and the meaning is imprecise;

可是我还是木有想明白为啥用同位语就优于定从了呢、？？为啥啊

-- by 会员 zhongshanlh (2012/4/9 19:53:41)

-- by 会员 qychen (2012/4/9 20:31:13)

作者: qychen 时间: 2012-4-9 21:04
不客气的童鞋。。。共同学习。。。！

作者: zhongshanlh 时间: 2012-4-9 21:04
刚刚多想了一下，关于这个D和E又有点问题。。。。
经过你的讲解，我明白了
这里which定从其实又套了一层嵌入式关系分局，所以D和E中正确的句子结构应当是which most scientists agree is a phenomenon…但是我个人从这个层面中还是木有看出这个定从怎么就wordy了….字数差不多啊….难道说是意思不准确么？还是啥滴？....脑子又浆糊了....

(A) a phenomenon most scientists agree tobe caused by human beings in burning fossil fuels,

(B) a phenomenon most scientists agree thatis caused by fossil fuels burned by human beings,

(D) which most scientists agree on as aphenomenon caused by human beings who burn fossil fuels,

(E) which most scientists agree to be a phenomenoncaused by fossil fuels burned by human beings,

对于D和E选项中OG分别解释说thephrasing is wordy and indirect.和thephrasing is wordy and the meaning is imprecise;

可是我还是木有想明白为啥用同位语就优于定从了呢、？？为啥啊

-- by 会员 zhongshanlh (2012/4/9 19:53:41)

-- by 会员 qychen (2012/4/9 20:31:13)

作者: qychen 时间: 2012-4-9 21:09
wordy不wordy不能光看字数~~还要看它饶不饶~~把most scientists agree（to be）这个成分去掉，
比较：n，which is a phenomenon caused by human beings in burning fossil fuels
和n， a phenomenon caused by human beings in burning fossils fuels

作者: qychen 时间: 2012-4-9 21:10
非限定性定语从句是解释说明，which+解释说明的内容（它是一个嘛嘛嘛的现象。。。）
而同位语本身具有解释说明前面名词的功能~~~就不用which啦~~which就多余啦~~~

作者: 泾渭不凡 时间: 2012-4-9 21:11
标题: 补丁妹再次疯狂来袭~~~怎样辨析插入语~~之前看到的帖子里面摘录的，希望能有点拓展思维的作用~~~
怎样判别插入语—引用by aeo

Parenthesis is the addition of extra information to an already formed sentence. A parenthesis can be separated from the sentence with dashes, commas or brackets, and these are known as parentheses.

When the parenthesis is removed from the sentence, it should still be grammatically correct. So, to make sure that you have included a parenthesis correctly, reread the sentence to see if it makes sense without it. If it does, then you have successfully added a parenthesis.

Follow the guidelines below to find out which parentheses you should use within English text.

·Commas – When using commas to separate parenthesis within a sentence they may get confused with the other ‘normal’ commas. However, the plus side for using commas with the parenthesis is that it will flow like a normal sentence.

·Dashes – Using dashes with the parenthesis makes it more obvious that it is extra information, which technically, makes it appear separate from the original sentence.

·Brackets – Again, using brackets makes the parenthesis easily visible to the reader. However, using brackets can sometimes make the text appear unorganised.

Here are some examples of parenthesis within a sentence. All three of the parentheses will be used in these examples; note that the parenthesis will appear in bold to make it easier to spot:

·Isabelle’s favourite toy - the wind up dog – is broken.

·During a midnight raid, which took place at the soft toy factory, a man was shot.

·Dawn Adler’s best friend (Jane Haughton-Smith) was arrested yesterday by armed police.

·The naughty dog, which chewed my shoes, is now living outside in a kennel.

·The bread, which I bought from the supermarket, has already gone stale.

Sometimes, when using parenthesis in a sentence, writers often forget to actually end the parenthesis. When you use a parenthesis in a sentence, think of it as using brackets; you wouldn’t leave brackets open, so remember not to leave a parenthesis open either.
Leaving a parenthesis open can cause confusion within the sentence, which makes it difficult for the reader to understand the original meaning.
All of the following words and phrases are classed as parenthesis within a sentence; however, they are not normally used with brackets or dashes, and are more likely to be used with commas.

·However

·As a result

·Therefore

·So to speak

·For all intents and purposes

·As far as I am concerned

Parenthesis is very common in the English language; using parenthesis and parentheses helps add more information to a statement without stopping the flow of the reading or writing.
The easiest way to see if you have added a parenthesis into a sentence is to see if the sentence can survive without the added information.

作者: 泾渭不凡 时间: 2012-4-9 21:12

非限定性定语从句是解释说明，which+解释说明的内容（它是一个嘛嘛嘛的现象。。。）
而同位语本身具有解释说明前面名词的功能~~~就不用which啦~~which就多余啦~~~

-- by 会员 qychen (2012/4/9 21:10:54)

纳尼？？？？？？？？？？？又转换话题咯？？？？？？？？？？？？？
。。。。。。。。。。。。。则个点补丁太多就不上咯。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
o(╯□╰)oo(╯□╰)oo(╯□╰)oo(╯□╰)oo(╯□╰)o啊~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

作者: qychen 时间: 2012-4-9 21:13
但是捏。。。不能一概而就，同位语都比which好，因为它们的区别还是很明显的，只是没在这道题中体现：which从句（以及其他定语从句）先行词指代的是核心词，不包含其修饰语~~~
而同位语指代的是整个核心词以及其修饰语

所以要通过语意判断哪个合适~~

作者: 泾渭不凡 时间: 2012-4-9 21:14
那个补丁纯属的吐槽啊，因为一到插入语存在的题，饭饭不是错就是做的慢，可能不是很适合本题讨论，有用没用的留着以后万一有用捏~~~
hiahiahia~~~~~~~~~~~加油哇语法区滴北鼻们~~~~~~~~~~~~~
捣乱完毕~~~~~~~~~肥粥~~~~~~~~~~~~~

作者: qychen 时间: 2012-4-9 21:15

-- by 会员 qychen (2012/4/9 21:10:54)

-- by 会员泾渭不凡 (2012/4/9 21:12:30)

哎呀，羞羞。。。现在行善积德是额滴战略~~~

作者: zhongshanlh 时间: 2012-4-9 21:17
en,我细细品味一下

我感觉定从呢是从一个修饰的角度来描述前面这个事物，这里就是global warming啦
而同位语呢，本身自己a phenomenon就是定性了这个事物global warming然后并对事物的内容作出了解释和说明，因此从这个角度体会和品味（这个词用的有点恶...forgive me....)确实同位语要优于定语从句，相比定从也更加precise

-- by 会员 qychen (2012/4/9 21:10:54)

作者: zhongshanlh 时间: 2012-4-9 21:18
哈哈还是很感激饭饭啊

-- by 会员 qychen (2012/4/9 21:10:54)

-- by 会员泾渭不凡 (2012/4/9 21:12:30)

作者: zhongshanlh 时间: 2012-4-9 21:20
嗯，这个定从指代和同位语指代的成分不一样很受用！我再遇到题目的时候洗洗辨别一下

但是捏。。。不能一概而就，同位语都比which好，因为它们的区别还是很明显的，只是没在这道题中体现：which从句（以及其他定语从句）先行词指代的是核心词，不包含其修饰语~~~
而同位语指代的是整个核心词以及其修饰语

所以要通过语意判断哪个合适~~

-- by 会员 qychen (2012/4/9 21:13:36)

作者: qychen 时间: 2012-4-9 21:32

嗯，这个定从指代和同位语指代的成分不一样很受用！我再遇到题目的时候洗洗辨别一下

-- by 会员 qychen (2012/4/9 21:13:36)

-- by 会员 zhongshanlh (2012/4/9 21:20:29)

粘道题就是关于这个的：
More than 300 rivers drain intoSiberia's Lake Baikal, which holds 20 percent of the world's fresh water, morethan all the North American Great Lakes combined.

(A) More than 300 rivers drain intoSiberia's Lake Baikal, which holds 20 percent of the world's fresh water, morethan all the North American Great Lakes combined.
(B) With 20 percent of the world's freshwater, that is more than all the North American Great Lakes combined, Siberia'sLake Baikal has more than 300 rivers that drain into it.
(C) Siberia's Lake Baikal, with morethan 300 rivers draining into it, it holds more of the world's fresh water thanall that of the North American Great Lakes combined, 20 percent.
(D) While more than 300 rivers draininto it, Siberia's Lake Baikal holds 20 percent of the world's fresh water,which is more than all the North American Great Lakes combined.
(E) More than all the North AmericanGreat Lakes combined, Siberia's Lake Baikal, with more than 300 rivers draininginto it, holds 20 percent of the world's fresh water.

正确选项是A，more than属于形容词短语形式的同位语结构：修饰the 20 percent of the world‘s fresh water（这个结构water是核心词，多少百分比是修饰）；而D选项，which指代的是fresh water~~逻辑是不对的~~（虽然D也有其他错误）

作者: babybearmm 时间: 2012-4-10 05:23
这题我是从意思上理解的，"most scientists agree"，到底agree的是什么？
是phenomenon本身什么？不是。agree的是"be caused by ...."
所以你看：
B: "a phenomenon most scientists agree"，错误
D & E: global warming, which most scientists agree as a phenomenon ...
咱先不说细节上的语法搭配，就说我以上提取的D/E这层修饰逻辑，就是错的。global warming是a phenomenon毫无争议，关键是"be caused by"这层意思才是"most scientists agree"的焦点所在。

(A) a phenomenon most scientists agree tobe caused by human beings in burning fossil fuels,

(B) a phenomenon most scientists agree thatis caused by fossil fuels burned by human beings,

(D) which most scientists agree on as aphenomenon caused by human beings who burn fossil fuels,

(E) which most scientists agree to be a phenomenoncaused by fossil fuels burned by human beings,

对于D和E选项中OG分别解释说thephrasing is wordy and indirect.和thephrasing is wordy and the meaning is imprecise;

可是我还是木有想明白为啥用同位语就优于定从了呢、？？为啥啊

-- by 会员 zhongshanlh (2012/4/9 19:53:41)

作者: zhongshanlh 时间: 2012-4-11 14:20
一语道破核心！大谢baby姐姐！

这题我是从意思上理解的，"most scientists agree"，到底agree的是什么？
是phenomenon本身什么？不是。agree的是"be caused by ...."
所以你看：
B: "a phenomenon most scientists agree"，错误
D & E: global warming, which most scientists agree as a phenomenon ...
咱先不说细节上的语法搭配，就说我以上提取的D/E这层修饰逻辑，就是错的。global warming是a phenomenon毫无争议，关键是"be caused by"这层意思才是"most scientists agree"的焦点所在。

(A) a phenomenon most scientists agree tobe caused by human beings in burning fossil fuels,

(B) a phenomenon most scientists agree thatis caused by fossil fuels burned by human beings,

(D) which most scientists agree on as aphenomenon caused by human beings who burn fossil fuels,

(E) which most scientists agree to be a phenomenoncaused by fossil fuels burned by human beings,

对于D和E选项中OG分别解释说thephrasing is wordy and indirect.和thephrasing is wordy and the meaning is imprecise;

可是我还是木有想明白为啥用同位语就优于定从了呢、？？为啥啊

-- by 会员 zhongshanlh (2012/4/9 19:53:41)

-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/4/10 5:23:33)

作者: haibaraaifly 时间: 2012-4-29 23:21
是不是从这道题的human beings' burning of fossil fuels可以看出双重所有格也是允许的了？

作者: zhongshanlh 时间: 2012-5-10 16:27
another two examples about this issue
http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/potential-to-or-potential-for-very-tricky-t3550.html

作者: zhongshanlh 时间: 2012-5-10 16:31

A:The World Wild life Fund has declared that global warming, a phenomenon that most scientists agree is caused by human beings’ burning of fossil fuels,...

B: The World WildlifeFund has declared that global warming, which most scientists agree is a phenomenon caused by human beings who burn fossil fuels,...

meaning上的区别一比就看出来了...

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