roponents of IT argued没有找到相关贴子。发贴讨论确认一下答案。
Q22 to Q25:
Most pre-1990 literature on busi-
nesses’ use of information technology
(IT)—defined as any form of computer-
Line based information system—focused on
(5) spectacular IT successes and reflected
a general optimism concerning IT’s poten-
tial as a resource for creating competitive
advantage. But toward the end of the
1980’s, some economists spoke of a
(10) “productivity paradox”: despite huge IT
investments, most notably in the service
sectors, productivity stagnated. In the
retail industry, for example, in which IT
had been widely adopted during the
(15) 1980’s, productivity (average output per
hour) rose at an average annual rate of
1.1 percent between 1973 and 1989, com-
pared with 2.4 percent in the preceding
25-year period. roponents of IT argued
(20) that it takes both time and a critical mass
of investment for IT to yield benefits, and
some suggested that growth figures for
the 1990’s proved these benefits were
finally being realized. They also argued
(25) that measures of productivity ignore what
would have happened without investments
in IT—productivity gains might have been
even lower. There were even claims that
IT had improved the performance of the
(30) service sector significantly, although mac-
roeconomic measures of productivity did
not reflect the improvement.
But some observers questioned why,
if IT had conferred economic value, it did
(35) not produce direct competitive advantages
for individual firms. Resource-based
theory offers an answer, asserting that,
in general, firms gain competitive advan-
tages by accumulating resources that are
(40) economically valuable, relatively scarce,
and not easily replicated. According to
a recent study of retail firms, which con-
firmed that IT has become pervasive
and relatively easy to acquire, IT by
(45) itself appeared to have conferred little
advantage. In fact, though little evidence
of any direct effect was found, the fre-
quent negative correlations between IT
and performance suggested that IT had
(50) probably weakened some firms’ compet-
itive positions. However, firms’ human
resources, in and of themselves, did
explain improved performance, and
some firms gained IT-related advan-
(55) tages by merging IT with complementary
resources, particularly human resources.
The findings support the notion, founded
in resource-based theory, that competi-
tive advantages do not arise from easily
(60) replicated resources, no matter how
impressive or economically valuable
they may be, but from complex, intan-
gible resources.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q22:
The passage is primarily concerned with
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q23:
The passage suggests that proponents of resource-based theory would be likely to explain IT’s inability to produce direct competitive advantages for individual firms by pointing out that
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q24:
The author of the passage discusses productivity in the retail industry in the first paragraph primarily in order to
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Q25:
According to the passage, most pre-1990 literature on businesses’ use of IT included which of the following?
我的答案是c/a/b/e。提供的答案中23是a，我觉得e正确。谢谢！
sorry，刚刚发现gwd 11中的22-23就是这篇文章。
http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?BoardID=25&ID=56984
我支持C
The findings support the notion, founded
in resource-based theory, that competi-
tive advantages do not arise from easily
(60) replicated resources, no matter how
impressive or economically valuable
they may be, but from complex, intan-
gible resources.从红字就可以 看出a 错了。而后面的but from complex, intan-
gible resources就是c选
I also support the answer of q23 is E, since:
"
There were even claims that
IT had improved the performance of the
(30) service sector significantly, although mac-
roeconomic measures of productivity did
not reflect the improvement.
"
I can not find the content to support A.
我的看法，a对. 用RESOURCE-BASED THEORY 解释：accumulating resources that are
economically valuable, relatively scarce,
and not easily replicated.
C错，只有当IT和其他RESOURCE整合后，才能变成 a complex, intangible resource。比如和HR整合。
E错。因果倒置。，宏观上看不出I带来的好处，是现象，不是IT无能的根源。根源是： IT其实不是稀缺资源，所以不能带来竞争优势。
那边23题, B 也对: economically valuable.
Since IT is NOT economically valuable, therefore IT’s inability to produce direct competitive advantages for individual firms.
那边23题, B 也对: economically valuable.
Since IT is NOT economically valuable, therefore IT’s inability to produce direct competitive advantages for individual firms.
同问
B就是Resource-based
theory offers an answer, asserting that,
in general, firms gain competitive advan-
tages by accumulating resources that are
(40) economically valuable, relatively scarce,
and not easily replicated.
的取非
我认为23题的解题思路应该在：
Resource-based
theory offers an answer, asserting that,
in general, firms gain competitive advan-
tages by accumulating resources that are
(40) economically valuable, relatively scarce,
and not easily replicated. According to
a recent study of retail firms, which con-
firmed that IT has become pervasive
and relatively easy to acquire, 上面是理论的思路，下面是理论的具体应用
A答案中的difficult to obtain就是easy to acquire的改写。
赞楼上。
其实这道题是Application.
问的是r-b的支持者可能会指出……来说明blablabla
文中说了r-b asserts通常，公司都是通过积累……样的资源来提高竞争力的，但是IT不是……样的资源。
所以，如果proponent要支持，就先得说IT不是……样的资源
23题为什么选A不选B
But some observers questioned why,
if IT had conferred economic value, it did
(35) not produce direct competitive advantages
for individual firms. Resource-based
theory offers an answer, asserting that,
in general, firms gain competitive advan-
tages by accumulating resources that are 能够该来竞争优势的资源的特性
(40) economically valuable, relatively scarce,
and not easily replicated. According to
a recent study of retail firms, which con-
firmed that IT has become pervasive IT的特性
and relatively easy to acquire, IT by
(45) itself appeared to have conferred little
advantage. In fact, though little evidence
of any direct effect was found, the fre-
quent negative correlations between IT
and performance suggested that IT had
(50) probably weakened some firms’ compet-
itive positions. However, firms’ human
resources, in and of themselves, did
explain improved performance, and
some firms gained IT-related advan-
(55) tages by merging IT with complementary
resources, particularly human resources.
The findings support the notion, founded
in resource-based theory, that competi-
tive advantages do not arise from easily
(60) replicated resources, no matter how 肯定了IT是economically valuable的
impressive or economically valuable
they may be, but from complex, intan-
gible resources.
所以选A。
我开始也漏看最后一句的结论，选了B。
最后一句简化再取非:
The findings support the notion that competi-
tive advantages arise from from complex, intan-gible resources.
就是说竞争优势来源于复杂的，无形的资源。
取非：IT因为没有带来优势，自然就不是复杂的资源,所以跟A一样
恍然。。。。。
自己还笨笨的选C
想都知道，一眼就能从原文里面找出来，这么简单应该不可能啦。
---firms gain competitive advantages
by accumulating resources that are
(40) economically valuable, relatively scarce,
and not easily replicated.
---IT has become pervasive
and relatively easy to acquire
问题问的是r-b的proponents立场，
r-b认为：那些能够使公司获得竞争优势的资源应该是稀有的，不容易复制的。而IT是相对容易获得的资源
proponents只要说IT
不容易获得即可。
A 显然错，它说IT不难获得--这是r-b观点
C 就是原文最后一句话，支持了proponents, IT is complex, intagible resource.
(20) that it takes both time and a critical mass
of investment for IT to yield benefits, and
some suggested that growth figures for
the 1990’s proved these benefits were
finally being realized. They also argued
(25) that measures of productivity ignore what
would have happened without investments
in IT—productivity gains might have been
even lower. There were even claims that
IT had improved the performance of the
(30) service sector significantly, although mac-
roeconomic measures of productivity did
not reflect the improvement.
skyinseas 发表于 2006-7-19 18:20
我认为23题的解题思路应该在：Resource-basedtheory offers an answer, asserting that,in general, firms ...
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