Snowmaking machines work by spraying a mistthat freezes immediately on contact with cold air. Because the sudden freezingkills bacteria, QuickFreeze is planning to market a wastewater purificationsystem that works on the same principle. The process works only whentemperature are cold, however, so municipalities using it will need to maintaina conventional system.
Which of the following, if true, provides thestrongest grounds for a prediction that municipalities will buy QuickFreeze’spurification system despite the need to maintain a conventional purificationsystem as well?
A. Bacteriaare not the only impurities that must be removed from wastewater.
B. Manymunicipalities have old wastewater purification systems that need to bereplaced
C. Conventionalwastewater purification systems have not been fully successful in killingbacteria at cold temperatures.
D. Duringtimes of warm weather, when it is not in use, QuickFreeze’s purification systemrequires relatively little maintenance.
E. Placeswhere the winters are cold rarely have a problem of water shortage.
Exposure to certain chemicals commonly usedin elementary schools as cleaners or pesticides causes allergic reactions insome children. Elementary school nurses in Renston report that the proportionof schoolchildren sent to them for treatment of allergic reactions to thosechemicals has increased significantly over the past ten years. Therefore,either Renston’s schoolchildren have been exposed to greater quantities of thechemicals, or they are more sensitive to them than schoolchildren were tenyears ago.
Which of the following is an assumption onwhich the argument depends?
(A)The number ofschool nurses employed by Renston’s elementary schools has not decreased over the past ten years.
(B)Children whoare allergic to the chemicals are no more likely than other children to haveallergies to other substances.
(C)Children whohave allergic reactions to the chemicals are not more likely to be sent to aschool nurse now than they were ten years ago.
(D)The chemicalsare not commonly used as cleaners or pesticides in houses and apartmentbuildings in Renston.
(E)Childrenattending elementary school do not make up a larger proportion of Renston’spopulation now than they did ten years ago.
解析
Snowmaking machines work by spraying a mist that freezes immediately on contact with cold air. Because the sudden freezing kills bacteria, QuickFreeze is planning to market a wastewater purification system that works on the same principle. The process works only when temperature are cold, however, so municipalities using it will need to maintain a conventional system. 造雪机通过喷撒一层接触到冷空气后立即凝固的薄雾来运作,这种突然的水汽凝固可以杀灭细菌。QF 公司计划销售一种基于这种原理的废水净化系统 。但是由于这种灭菌过程只能在低温下运作,所以运用这种系统的市政机关还是需要维持传统的净化系统。
Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest grounds for a prediction that municipalities will buy QuickFreeze’s purification system despite the need to maintain a conventional purification system as well? 下列哪一项为真时能为这一预计提供最强的支持:尽管市政机关也需要维持传统的净化系统,但它们还是会购买QF公司生产的净化系统?
A. Bacteria are not the only impurities that must be removed from wastewater. 细菌不是唯一需要从废水中去除的污物。
B. Many municipalities have old wastewater purification systems that need to be replaced 很多市政原有的旧废水净化系统需要更新。
C. Conventional wastewater purification systems have not been fully successful in killing bacteria at cold temperatures. 传统的废水净化系统在低温下并不能完全成功地杀灭细菌。
D. During times of warm weather, when it is not in use, QuickFreeze’s purification system requires relatively little maintenance. 天气暖和,QF废水净化系统不使用的时候几乎不需要保养维护。
E. Places where the winters are cold rarely have a problem of water shortage. 有寒冬的地方几乎没有水源稀缺问题。
解析: A. 选项的内容在原文中没有提到,没有说明 QF公司的废水净化系统除了杀灭细菌之外的作用。同时可能暗示,如果不能去除其他污物,净化效果可能欠佳,影响购买需求。反而起到削弱的效果,降低市政机关购买此净化系统的可能性。 B. 选项没有直接说明购买QF公司的废水净化系统原因,市政机关也可以买其他的系统来替代。 C. 选项特别说明了购买QF公司的废水净化系统的原因,因为它在低温下也能有效运作,提高了市政机关购买这一系统的可能性。 D. 选项中内容降低了维护成本,使市政更有可能购买这一系统。但是没有说明在低温下工作时的维护成本。 E. 选项的内容跟文章讨论的问题无关。
Exposure to certain chemicals commonly used in elementary schools as cleaners or pesticides causes allergic reactions in some children. Elementary school nurses in Renston report that the proportion of schoolchildren sent to them for treatment of allergic reactions to those chemicals has increased significantly over the past ten years. Therefore, either Renston’s schoolchildren have been exposed to greater quantities of the chemicals, or they are more sensitive to them than schoolchildren were ten years ago. 暴露在某种化学物质,这种化学物质是通常被小学使用作为清洁剂或杀虫剂的,暴露在这种化学物质中会导致过敏反应在一些小孩子身上。Renston的小学护理员报道说:送到他们那里治疗这种化学物质过敏反应的学校孩子的比例已经增长得非常明显在过去的十年当中。因此,要么就是Renston的学校孩子已经比起十年前的学校孩子被暴露在了更大量的化学物质之中,要么就是他们这些孩子比起十年前的孩子更加对这种化学物质敏感。
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends? 下列哪一个选项是文章论证所依赖的假设?
(A)The number of school nurses employed by Renston’s elementary schools has not decreased over the past ten years. 被Renston小学所雇佣的学校护理员的数量没有下降在过去的十年当中。 (B)Children who are allergic to the chemicals are no more likely than other children to have allergies to other substances. 对于这种化学物质过敏的孩子们没有更加可能,比起其他的孩子,没有更加可能对其他的物质过敏。 (C)Children who have allergic reactions to the chemicals are not more likely to be sent to a school nurse now than they were ten years ago. 对于这种化学物质过敏的孩子们没有更加可能被送到学校护理员那里在现在比起十年以前。 (D)The chemicals are not commonly used as cleaners or pesticides in houses and apartment buildings in Renston. 这种化学物质没有更加普遍地作为清洁剂或杀虫剂所使用在房子和公寓建筑当中在Renston地区。 (E)Children attending elementary school do not make up a larger proportion of Renston’s population now than they did ten years ago. 上小学的孩子们没有构成一个更大的比例在Renston人口当中,现在比起十年前。