ChaseDream

标题: 还有20天考试，阅读太差，求指导~求监督~求同行~ [打印本页]

作者: nissanhappy 时间: 2012-3-21 05:27
标题: 还有20天考试，阅读太差，求指导~求监督~求同行~
本打算一天10篇，无奈非牛人，看不下去啊，还是一天两篇吧~ 希望这样坚持下去，能有个成果，阅读啊，一定要攻下~

Passage 1 (1/63)
小企业没单接，当地机构要求公司和中小企业合作，有三个risk:
P2: 中小企业没钱，摊子铺大了，容易金融危机
P3：中小企业容易被大企业利用，傀儡
P4：竞争不过大企业
Word:
Unprecedented 空前的，史无前例的 principal 首要的，重要的，委托人 complacency 自满，沾沾自喜
(This passage was written in 1978.)
Recentyears have brought minority-owned businesses in the United States unprecedentedopportunities—as well as new and significant risks. Civil rights activists have long arguedthat one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minoritygroups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizableorders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies. Now Congress,in apparent agreement, has required by law that businesses awarded federalcontracts of more than $500,000 do their best to find minority subcontractorsand record their efforts to do so on forms filed with the government. Indeedworks, some federal andlocal agencies have gone so far as to set specific percentage goals forapportioning parts of public contracts to minority enterprises.
Corporate response appears to have been substantial. According tofigures collected in 1977, the total of corporate contracts with minority businesses rose from$77 million in 1972 to $1.1 billion in 1977. The projected total ofcorporate contracts with minority businesses for the early 1980’s is estimatedto be over 53 billion per year with no letup anticipated in the next decade.Promising as it is for minority businesses, this increased patronage posesdangers for them, too. First, minority firms risk expanding too fast andoverextending themselves financially, since most are small concerns and, unlike large businesses, theyoften need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, andthe like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, theirsubcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentiallycrippling fixed expenses. The world of corporate purchasing can befrustrating for small entrepreneurs who get requests for elaborate formalestimates and bids. Both consume valuable time and resources, and a smallcompany’s efforts must soon result in orders, or both the morale and thefinancial health of the business will suffer.
Asecond risk is that White-owned companies may seek to cash in on the increasingapportionments through formation of joint ventures with minority-ownedconcerns. Of course, in many instances there are legitimate reasons for jointventures; clearly, White and minority enterprises can teamup (team up: v.(使)结成一队, 合作, 协作) to acquire business that neither couldacquire alone. But civil rights groups and minority business owners havecomplained to Congress about minorities being set up as “fronts (a person,group, or thing used to mask the identity or true character or activity of theactual controlling agent)” with White backing, rather than beingaccepted as full partners in legitimate joint ventures.
Third, a minority enterprise thatsecures the business of one large corporate customer often runs the danger ofbecoming—and remaining—dependent. Even in the best of circumstances,fierce competition from larger, more established companies makes it difficultfor small concerns to broaden their customer bases: when such firms have nearlyguaranteed orders from a single corporate benefactor, they may truly have tostruggle against complacencyarising from their current success.
1. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) present acommonplace idea and its inaccuracies
(B) describe a situation and itspotential drawbacks
(C) propose atemporary solution to a problem
(D) analyze afrequent source of disagreement（B）
(E) explore theimplications of a finding
2. The passage supplies information that wouldanswer which of the following questions?
(A) What federal agencies haveset percentage goals for the use of minority-owned businesses in public workscontracts?
(B) To which governmentagencies must businesses awarded federal contracts report their efforts to findminority subcontractors?
(C) How widespread is the use ofminority-owned concerns as “fronts” by White backers seeking to obtainsubcontracts?
(D) How many more minority-owned businesseswere there in 1977 than in 1972?（E）
(E) What is one set of conditionsunder which a small business might find itself financially overextended?
3. According to the passage, civil rightsactivists maintain that one disadvantage under which minority-owned businesseshave traditionally had to labor (to suffer from some disadvantage or distress “labor under adelusion”) is that they have
(A) been especiallyvulnerable to governmental mismanagement of the economy
(B) been denied bankloans at rates comparable to those afforded larger competitors
(C) not had sufficient opportunityto secure business created by large corporations
(D) not been able toadvertise in those media that reach large numbers of potential customers（C）
(E) not had adequaterepresentation in the centers of government power
4. The passage suggests that the failure of a large business to haveits bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might cause it to 取非
(A) experience frustration but notserious financial harm
(B) face potentiallycrippling fixed expenses
(C) have to recordits efforts on forms filed with the government
(D) increase itsspending with minority subcontractors（A）
(E) revise itsprocedure for making bids for federal contracts and subcontracts
5. The author implies that a minority-ownedconcern that does the greater part of its business with one large corporatecustomer should
(A) avoidcompetition with larger, more established concerns by not expanding
(B) concentrate onsecuring even more business from that corporation
(C) try to expand its customerbase to avoid becoming dependent on the corporation
(D) pass on some ofthe work to be done for the corporation to other minority-owned concerns（C）
(E) use itsinfluence with the corporation to promote subcontracting with other minorityconcerns
6. It can be inferred from the passage that,compared with the requirements of law, the percentage goals set by “somefederal and local agencies” (lines 14-15) are
(A) more popularwith large corporations
(B) more specific
(C) lesscontroversial
(D) less expensiveto enforce（B）
(E) easier to comply with
7. Which of the following, if true, would mostweaken the author’s assertion that, in the 1970’s, corporate response tofederal requirements (lines 18-19)was substantial
(A) Corporatecontracts with minority-owned businesses totaled $2 billion in 1979.
(B) Between 1970 and 1972, corporatecontracts with minority-owned businesses declined by 25 percent.
(C) The figurescollected in 1977 underrepresented the extent of corporate contracts withminority-owned businesses.
(D) The estimate ofcorporate spending with minority-owned businesses in 1980 is approximately $10million too high.（E）
(E) The $1.1 billionrepresented the same percentage of total corporate spending in 1977 as did $77million in 1972.
8. The author would most likely agree withwhich of the following statements about corporate response to working withminority subcontractors?
(A) Annoyed by theproliferation of “front” organizations, corporations are likely to reduce theirefforts to work with minority-owned subcontractors in the near future.
(B) Althoughcorporations showed considerable interest in working with minority businessesin the 1970’s, their aversion to government paperwork made them reluctant topursue many government contracts.
(C) The significantresponse of corporations in the 1970’s is likely to be sustained andconceivably be increased throughout the 1980’s.
(D) Although corporations are eagerto cooperate with minority-owned businesses, a shortage of capital in the1970’s made substantial response impossible.（C）
(E) The enormouscorporate response has all but eliminated the dangers of over-expansion thatused to plague small minority-owned businesses.
Passage 2 (2/63)特别套路
P1：通过对比“新老世界”说明theliberal idea of economic market 是怎样的一回事
P2：说这个美国的这个liberalmarket 的意义，正面评价
Word: defy 藐视，公然反抗 fascination 魅力，入迷 possessiveness 占有，自制力 unsettling 是人不安的，动乱不安的 retention 保留，滞留，记忆力 seizure 夺取，捕获 referee 调停，裁判员sterile 不育的，贫瘠的 stagger 蹒跚，犹豫 disenfranchise 剥夺。。。的公民权 underscore 强调 amorphousness 无定形态 compassionate 慈悲的，富有同情心的 windmill 风车 treadmill 跑步机gyroscope回转仪，陀螺仪 bellow 风箱 perpetuate 使不朽，保持 proclamation 公告，宣布 deem 视作，相信
WoodrowWilson was referring to the liberal idea of the economic market when he saidthat the free enterprise system is the most efficient economic system. Maximumfreedom means maximum productiveness; our “openness” is to be the measure ofour stability. Fascination with this ideal has made Americans defy the “Old World”categories of settled possessivenessversus unsettling deprivation, the cupidity of retention versus the cupidity of seizure, a “status quo”defended or attacked. The UnitedStates, it was believed, had no statusquo ante. Our only “station” was the turning of a stationary wheel,spinning faster and faster. Wedid not base our system on property but opportunity—which meant we basedit not on stability but on mobility. The more things changed, that is, the morerapidly the wheel turned, the steadier we would be. The conventional picture ofclass politics is composed of the Haves, who want a stability to keep what theyhave, and the Have-Nots, who want a touch of (a touch of: 有一点) instability and change in which to scramble for(scramble for: v.争夺, 勉强拼凑) the things they havenot. But Americans imagined a condition in which speculators, self-makers, runnersare always using the new opportunities given by our land. These economicleaders (front-runners) would thus be mainly agents of change.The nonstarters were considered the ones who wanted stability, a strongreferee to give them some position in the race, a regulative hand tocalm manic speculation; an authority that can call things to a halt, beginthings again from compensatorily staggered “starting lines.”
“Reform” in America has been sterile because it can imagine no change exceptthrough the extension of this metaphor of a race, wider inclusion of competitors, “a piece ofthe action,” as it were, for the disenfranchised. There is no attempt to call offthe race. Since our only stability is change, America seems not to honor thequiet work that achieves social interdependence and stability. There is, in ourlegends, no heroism of the office clerk (office clerk: n.职员), no stable industrial work force of thepeople who actually make the system work. There is no pride inbeing an employee (Wilson asked for a return to the time when everyone was anemployer). There has been no boasting about our social workers—they are merelysigns of the system’s failure, of opportunity denied or not taken, of things tobe eliminated. We have no pride in our growing interdependence, in the factthat our system can serve others, that we are able to help those in need; emptyboasts from the past make us ashamed of our present achievements, make us tryto forget or deny them, move away from them. There is no honor but in the Wonderland(wonderland: n.仙境, 奇境)race we must all run, all trying to win, none winning in the end (forthere is no end).
1. The primary purpose of the passage is to（关于这篇文章的态度我还是没领悟到，到底是赞扬还是批判呀）
(A) criticize the inflexibility ofAmerican economic mythology 没有criticize
(B) contrast “OldWorld” and “New World” economic ideologies 没有对比
(C) challenge theintegrity of traditional political leaders 没有challenge也没有political leaders
(D) champion those Americans whomthe author deems to be neglected（A）
(E) suggest asubstitute for the traditional metaphor of a race 未提到substitute
2. According to the passage, “Old World” valueswere based on
(A) ability
(B) property
(C) familyconnections
(D) guildhierarchies（B）
(E) education
3. In the context of the author’s discussion ofregulating change, which of the following could be most probably regarded as a“strong referee” (line 30) in the United States?
(A) A schoolprincipal
(B) A politicaltheorist
(C) A federal court judge
(D) A social worker（C）
(E) A governmentinspector
4. The author setsoff (set off: to set apart: makedistinct or outstanding) the word “Reform” (line 35)with quotation marks in order to
(A) emphasize itsdeparture from the concept of settled possessiveness
(B) show his supportfor a systematic program of change
(C) underscore theflexibility and even amorphousnessof United States society
(D) indicate thatthe term was one of Wilson’s favorites（E）
(E) assert thatreform in the United States has not been fundamental
5. It can be inferred from the passage that theauthor most probably thinks that giving the disenfranchised “a piece of theaction” (line 38) is
(A) a compassionate, ifmisdirected, legislative measure
(B) an example ofAmericans’ resistance to profound social change
(C) an innovative program forgenuine social reform
(D) a monument tothe efforts of industrial reformers（B）
(E) a surprisingly“Old World” remedy for social ills
6. Which of the following metaphors could theauthor most appropriately use to summarize his own assessment of the Americaneconomic system (lines 35-60)?
(A) A windmill
(B) A waterfall
(C) A treadmill 跑步机，美国的经济社会高速高集中，不停歇啊不停歇
(D) A gyroscope（C）
(E) A bellows
7. It can be inferred from the passage thatWoodrow Wilson’s ideas about the economic market
(A) encouraged those who “make thesystem work” (lines 45-46)
(B) perpetuated traditionallegends about America
(C) revealed theprejudices of a man born wealthy
(D) foreshadowed thestock market crash of 1929（B）
(E) began atradition of presidential proclamationson economics
8. The passage contains information that wouldanswer which of the following questions?
I. What techniques have industrialists used tomanipulate a free market?
II. In what ways are “New World” and “Old World”economic policies similar?
III. Has economic policy in the United Statestended to reward independent action?
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) III only
(D) I and II only（C）
(E) II and III only
9. Which of the following best expresses theauthor’s main point?
(A) Americans’ pride in their jobscontinues to give them stamina today.
(B)The absence of a status quo ante has underminedUnited States economic structure.细节
(C) The freeenterprise system has been only a useless concept in the United States.反
(D) The myth of theAmerican free enterprise system is seriously flawed.反（D）
(E) Fascination withthe ideal of “openness” has made Americans a progressive people.细节

作者: nissanhappy 时间: 2012-3-21 05:48
标题: 牛人一般都是通过几个关键词就能判断作者的态度呢~
第二篇文章因为对作者太短的判断失误导致我错了4题。而且还是来回读了好几篇。1.时间太长
2.正确率太低
啊~~~ 再来个几天，看看会不会好一点吧。
6. It can be inferred from the passage that,compared with the requirements of law, the percentage goals set by “somefederal and local agencies” (lines 14-15) are

(A) more popularwith large corporations
(B) morespecific
(C) lesscontroversial
(D) less expensiveto enforce（B）
(E) easier to comply with

, has required by law that businesses awarded federalcontracts of more than $500,000 do their best to find minority subcontractorsand record their efforts to do so on forms filed with the government.Indeed works, some federaland local agencies have gone so far as to set specificpercentage goals for apportioning parts of public contracts to minorityenterprises.

7. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the author’s assertionthat, in the 1970’s, corporate response to federal requirements (lines 18-19) was substantial

(A) Corporatecontracts with minority-owned businesses totaled $2 billion in 1979.
(B) Between1970 and 1972,corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses declined by 25 percent.1970-1972不能说明整个70年代的问题。
(C) The figurescollected in 1977 underrepresented the extent of corporate contracts withminority-owned businesses.
(D) The estimate ofcorporate spending with minority-owned businesses in 1980 is approximately $10million too high.（E）
(E) The $1.1 billion represented the same percentage of totalcorporate spending in 1977 as did $77 million in 1972. 这个选项的意思是分母变大了很多，分子变大，比例不变，也就是没增长
8. The author would most likely agree withwhich of the following statements about corporate response to working with minority subcontractors? 和minority一起合作有啥反响？
(A) Annoyed by theproliferation of “front” organizations, corporations are likely to reduce theirefforts to work with minority-owned subcontractors in the near future. 问的是作者的意见，不是minority的，不是annoyed.
(B) Althoughcorporations showed considerable interest in working with minority businessesin the 1970’s, their aversion to governmentpaperwork made them reluctant to pursue many government contracts. 无，大公司并没有aversion啊，选这个就是“仇富”！！
(C) The significant response of corporations in the 1970’s islikely to be sustained and conceivably be increased throughout the 1980’s. 原文中给1972-1977的确在增长，和原文契合的一个答案，其实G没我想像的这么绕脑子，现在有种习惯，做改错的时候也是，明明知道那个选项是对的，总觉得这来的也太容易了，被幸福冲昏了头脑，硬是不相信，选个难点的。吃饱了么不是！！
(D) Although corporations are eagerto cooperate with minority-owned businesses, a shortage of capital in the1970’s made substantial response impossible. 我选这个选项是因为看到题目中的subcontractors在第二段中出现，就跟第一risk联系起来了。（C）
(E) The enormouscorporate response has all but eliminated the dangers of over-expansion thatused to plague small minority-owned businesses.

作者: nissanhappy 时间: 2012-3-21 05:58
标题: 第二篇的错题解析
defy就可以看出作者的态度是critic，对不对啊，牛牛？

文章第二段说到"reform"，作者就不屑啊，代表他老人家1. criticize the inflexibility of American economicmythology
4.The author sets off (set off:to set apart: make distinct or outstanding) the word “Reform” (line 35) with quotation marks in order to

(A) emphasize itsdeparture from the concept of settled possessiveness
(B) show his supportfor a systematic program of change
(C) underscore theflexibility and even amorphousnessof United States society
(D) indicate thatthe term was one of Wilson’s favorites（E）
(E) assert that reform in the United States has not beenfundamental
5. It can be inferred from the passage thatthe author most probably thinks that giving the disenfranchised “a piece of theaction” (line 38) is

(A) a compassionate, ifmisdirected, legislative measure
(B) an example of Americans’ resistance to profound social change resistance 抵抗 profound 意义深远的 a piece of action代表美国人接受的改革都是小手笔，他们是抵制意义深远的改革的。
(C) an innovative program forgenuine social reform
(D) a monument tothe efforts of industrial reformers（B）
(E) a surprisingly“Old World” remedy for social ills
7. It can be inferred from the passage thatWoodrow Wilson’s ideas about the economic market(A) encouraged those who “make thesystem work” (lines 45-46)
(B) perpetuatedtraditional legends about America 题干是说economicmarket的态度，不就是推行传统的方式么。
(C) revealed theprejudices of a man born wealthy
(D) foreshadowed thestock market crash of 1929（B）
(E) began atradition of presidential proclamationson economics
9. Which of the following best expresses theauthor’s main point?

(A) Americans’ pride in their jobscontinues to give them stamina today.反
(B)The absence of a status quo ante has underminedUnited States economic structure.细节
(C) The freeenterprise system has been only a useless concept in the United States.反
(D) The myth of the American free enterprise system isseriously flawed.（D）
(E) Fascination withthe ideal of “openness” has made Americans a progressive people.细节

作者: nissanhappy 时间: 2012-3-21 06:00
好啦，再去看看阅读小分队啦~然后姐姐要做饭了，明天继续~ god bless memememe~

作者: nissanhappy 时间: 2012-3-23 06:01
标题: 看看，都没人监督我

Passage 3 (3/63)P1: TS: NO very satisfactory….has yetbeen given. 解释海盆形成的传统理论
P2: 传统理论行不通的原因，提出另一种说法
P3：第三种说法，跟内海相关
Word：liquid 液体的，清澈的 convection 对流，传送 sinking 下沉的 coupling 连接 though 可是，虽然 slightapprehension 浅层次的理解 indifference 漠不关心，中立
No verysatisfactory account of the mechanism that caused the formation of the oceanbasins has yet been given. The traditional viewsupposes that the upper mantle of the earth behaves as a liquid when itis subjected to small forces for long periods and thatdifferences in temperature under oceans and continents are sufficient to produce convection in the mantle of the earth withrising convection currents under the mid-ocean ridges and sinking currents underthe continents. Theoretically, this convection would carry the continentalplates along as thoughthey were on a conveyor belt (conveyor belt: n. 传送带) and would provide the forces neededto produce the split that occurs along the ridge. This view may be correct: ithas the advantage that the currents are driven by temperature differences thatthemselves depend on the position of the continents. Such a back-coupling, in which theposition of the moving plate has an impact on the forces that move it, couldproduce complicated and varying motions.
On theother hand, the theory is implausible becauseconvection does not normally occur along lines, and it certainly doesnot occur along lines broken by frequent offsets (an abrupt bend in an object by which onepart is turned aside out of line) or changes in direction, as theridge is. Also it is difficult to see how the theory applies to the plate between the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the ridge inthe Indian Ocean. This plate is growing on bothsides, and since there is no intermediate trench, the two ridges must bemoving apart. It would be odd if the rising convection currents kept exact pacewith them. An alternative theory is that thesinking part of the plate, which is denser than the hotter surrounding mantle,pulls the rest of the plate after it. Again it is difficult to see how thisapplies to the ridge in the South Atlantic, where neither the African nor theAmerican plate has a sinking part.
Another possibility isthat the sinking plate cools the neighboring mantle and produces convectioncurrents that move the plates. This last theory is attractive because it givessome hope of explaining the enclosed seas, suchas the Sea of Japan. These seas have a typical oceanicfloor, except that the floor is overlaid by several kilometers of sediment. Theirfloors have probably been sinking for long periods. It seems possible that asinking current of cooled mantle material on the upper side of the plate mightbe the cause of such deep basins. The enclosedseas are an important feature of the earth’s surface, and seriously requireexplanation because, in addition to the enclosed seas that are developing atpresent behind island arcs, there are a number of older ones of possiblysimilar origin, such as the Gulf of Mexico, the Black Sea, and perhaps theNorth Sea.
1. According to thetraditional view of the origin of the ocean basins, which of thefollowing is sufficient to move the continental plates?
(A) Increases insedimentation on ocean floors
(B) Spreading ofocean trenches
(C) Movement ofmid-ocean ridges
(D) Sinking of oceanbasins（E）
(E)Differences in temperature under oceans and continents
2. It can be inferred from the passage that, ofthe following, the deepest sediments would befound in the
(A) Indian Ocean
(B) Black Sea
(C) Mid-Atlantic
(D) South Atlantic（B）
(E) Pacific
3. The author refers to a “conveyor belt” in line 13 in order to
(A) illustrate theeffects of convection in the mantle
(B) show how temperature differences depend on the positions ofthe continents
(C) demonstrate thelinear nature of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
(D) describe thecomplicated motions made possible by back-coupling（A）
(E) account for therising currents under certain mid-ocean ridges
3. The author regards thetraditional view of the origin of the oceanswith
(A) slight apprehension
(B) absolute indifference
(C) indignant anger
(D) complete disbelief（E）
(E)guarded skepticism
4. According to the passage, which of thefollowing are separated by a plate that is growing on both sides?
(A) The PacificOcean and the Sea of Japan
(B) The SouthAtlantic Ridge and the North Sea Ridge
(C) The Gulf ofMexico and the South Atlantic Ridge
(D) The Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the Indian Ocean Ridge（D）
(E) The Black Seaand the Sea of Japan
5. Which of the following, if it could bedemonstrated, would most support the traditional view of ocean formation?
(A) Convection usually occurs along lines.
(B) The upper mantlebehaves as a dense solid.
(C) Sedimentationoccurs at a constant rate.
(D) Sinking platescool the mantle.（A）
(E) Island arcssurround enclosed seas.
6. According to the passage, the floor of theBlack Sea can best be compared to a
(A) rapidly movingconveyor belt
(B) slowly settlingfoundation
(C) rapidlyexpanding balloon
(D) violently erupting volcano（B）
(E) slowly erodingmountain
7. Which of the following titles would bestdescribe the content of the passage?
(A) A Description ofthe Oceans of the World
(B) Several Theories of Ocean Basin Formation
(C) The TraditionalView of the Oceans
(D) Convection andOcean Currents（B）
(E) TemperatureDifferences among the Oceans of the World

作者: nissanhappy 时间: 2012-3-23 06:12
6. According to the passage, the floor of the Black Sea can best be compared to a B
(A) rapidly moving conveyor belt
(B) slowly settling foundation 缓慢的沉淀物基础原文：

3：the floor is overlaid by several kilometers of sediment.错在没理解settling 的意思。
(C) rapidly expanding balloon
(D) violently erupting volcano
(E) slowly eroding mountain
3. The author refers to a “conveyor belt” in line 13 in order to A
(A) illustrate the effects of convection in the mantle
原文“this convection would carry the continental plates along as though they were on a conveyor belt ” 没能理解原文每句话的用意啊~~
(B) show how temperature differences depend on the positions of the continents
(C) demonstrate the linear nature of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
(D) describe the complicated motions made possible by back-coupling
(E) account for the rising currents under certain mid-ocean ridges

作者: 倩猫记 时间: 2012-3-23 18:37
我还少两天呢~今天开始做阅读的总结。做了11篇。。。完全没有找到做语法和做逻辑总结时候的感觉。。

作者: kevin405hu 时间: 2012-3-23 22:09
给楼主顶一个，楼主还是很厉害的，加油

作者: nissanhappy 时间: 2012-3-24 04:11
标题: 你几号考试呢？
哇塞，11篇，我一下子坚持不了那么多篇的。但是新东方的老师说一天做10几篇会提高很快的。一起加油~

作者: nissanhappy 时间: 2012-3-24 04:11

给楼主顶一个，楼主还是很厉害的，加油

-- by 会员 kevin405hu (2012/3/23 22:09:33)

谢谢兄弟捧场~

作者: 倩猫记 时间: 2012-3-24 12:26
可是我做的都是OG的阅读，可能因为有点印象。所以愿意看吧。今天继续做这么多啊。。一起加油吧。我4月11的二战。

作者: CCcarol 时间: 2012-3-24 12:46
和你考试时间应该差不多噢~~~共勉之~~~

作者: claireya 时间: 2012-3-25 09:49
我也开始做阅读了，郁闷
1个passage要40多分钟，还错一半，怎么办？
速度提不上去，真确率也不高
楼主加油

作者: nissanhappy 时间: 2012-3-27 00:12

我也开始做阅读了，郁闷
1个passage要40多分钟，还错一半，怎么办？
速度提不上去，真确率也不高
楼主加油

-- by 会员 claireya (2012/3/25 9:49:44)

没事，咱们每天坚持练，一定可以的。

咱们一起来加油~

作者: 双色鹿 时间: 2012-3-27 14:02
楼主加油！同苦恼阅读ing，现在在跟随小分队每天练习呢，我比你晚一个月考试~

作者: nissanhappy 时间: 2012-3-28 00:08
标题: 这篇错的我都快站不起来了。。。
Passage 5 (5/63)Contentious诉讼的，引起争议的 hardship困苦，苦难 dire 可怕的，悲惨的，极端的breadwinner养家糊口的人 countervailing 补偿，抵消 mitigate使缓和，使减轻 overwhelming压倒性的，势不可挡的 pathology病理学 tally计数器，记账，标签，使符合idleness失业，闲散，懒惰 affluence 富裕，富有
P1：两个因素夸大了失业给当今社会带来的影响：social statistics: 当今的失业问题没有1930年那么严重（1.因为1930一个人失业，全家都吃不上饭2.1930年社会保障体系没那么完善; earning and income data: 打多份工的人；贫困统计是人力市场病理学的反应，统计的都是老弱病残
P2：低估了失业带来的影响：低工资，反复失业
P3：agreement：统计数据都不能正确的衡量失业带给社会的影响
How manyreally suffer as a result of labor market problems? This is one of the mostcritical yet contentioussocial policy questions. In many ways, our social statisticsexaggerate the degree of hardship. Unemployment does not have thesame direconsequences today as it did in the 1930’s when most of the unemployed wereprimary breadwinners,when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of subsistence,and when there were no countervailingsocial programs for those failing in the labor market. Increasing affluence, the rise offamilies with more than one wage earner, the growing predominance of secondaryearners among the unemployed, and improved social welfare protection haveunquestionably mitigatedthe consequences of joblessness. Earnings and incomedata also overstate the dimensions ofhardship. Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wagelevel, the overwhelmingmajority are from multiple-earner, relatively affluent families. Most of thosecounted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have familyresponsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so the povertystatistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market pathologies.
Yet there are also many waysour social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-relatedhardship. The unemployment counts exclude the millions of fully employedworkers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty. Low wagesand repeated or prolonged unemployment frequently interact to undermine thecapacity for self-support. Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times thenumber unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal orexceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the joblessin any month really suffer. For every person counted in the monthlyunemployment tallies,there is another working part-time because of the inability to find full-timework, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job. Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on theelderly, disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor,so that the dramatic expansion of cash and in-kind transfers does notnecessarily mean that those failing in the labor market are adequatelyprotected.
As a result of suchcontradictory evidence, it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a resultof labor market problems number in the hundreds of thousands or the tens ofmillions, and, hence, whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated ormust be countered by job creation and economic stimulus. There is only one areaof agreement in this debate—that the existing poverty, employment, and earningsstatistics are inadequate for one their primary applications, measuring theconsequences of labor market problems.
1. Which of the following is the principal topicof the passage?
(A) What causes labor marketpathologies that result in suffering
(B) Why incomemeasures are imprecise in measuring degrees of poverty
(C) Which of thecurrently used statistical procedures are the best for estimating the incidenceof hardship that is due to unemployment
(D) Where the areasof agreement are among poverty, employment, and earnings figures（E）
(E) How social statistics give an unclear picture of the degreeof hardship caused by low wages and insufficient employment opportunities 第一段是夸大，第二段是低估
2. The author uses “labor market problems” in lines 1-2 to refer to which of the following?
(A) The overallcauses of poverty
(B) Deficiencies inthe training of the work force
(C) Traderelationships among producers of goods
(D) Shortages of jobs providingadequate income（D）
(E) Strikes andinadequate supplies of labor
3. The author contrasts the 1930’s with thepresent in order to show that
(A) more people wereunemployed in the 1930’s
(B) unemployment now has less severe effects
(C) social programsare more needed now
(D) there now is agreater proportion of elderly and handicapped people among those in poverty（B）
(E) poverty has increased since the1930’s
4. Which of the following proposals bestresponds to the issues raised by the author?
(A) Innovativeprograms using multiple approaches should be set up to reduce the level ofunemployment.
(B) A compromiseshould be found between the positions of those who view joblessness as an evilgreater than economic control and those who hold the opposite view.
(C) New statistical indices shouldbe developed to measure the degree to which unemployment and inadequately paidemployment cause suffering.
(D) Considerationshould be given to the ways in which statistics can act as partial causes ofthe phenomena that they purport to measure.（C）
(E) The labor forceshould be restructured so that it corresponds to the range of job vacancies.
5. The author’s purpose in citing those who arerepeatedly unemployed during a twelve-month period is most probably to showthat
(A) there are severalfactors that cause the payment of low wages to some members of the labor force
(B) unemployment statistics canunderestimate the hardship resulting from joblessness
(C) recurrentinadequacies in the labor market can exist and can cause hardships for individualworkers
(D) a majority ofthose who are jobless at any one time to not suffer severe hardship（B）
(E) there are fewerindividuals who are without jobs at some time during a year than would beexpected on the basis of monthly unemployment figures
6. The author states that the mitigating effectof social programs involving income transfers on the income level of low-incomepeople is often not felt by
(A) the employed poor
(B) dependentchildren in single-earner families
(C) workers whobecome disabled
(D) retired workers（A）
(E) full-time workers who becomeunemployed
7. According to the passage, one factor thatcauses unemployment and earnings figures to overpredict the amount of economichardship is the
(A) recurrence ofperiods of unemployment for a group of low-wage workers
(B) possibility thatearnings may be received from more than one job per worker
(C) fact that unemployment countsdo not include those who work for low wages and remain poor
(D) establishment ofa system of record-keeping that makes it possible to compile poverty statistics（E）
(E) prevalence, among low-wage workers and the unemployed, ofmembers of families in which others are employed
8. The conclusion stated in lines 33-39 aboutthe number of people who suffer as a result of forced idleness dependsprimarily on the point that
(A) in times of highunemployment, there are some people who do not remain unemployed for long
(B) the capacity forself-support depends on receiving moderate-to-high wages
(C) those in forced idlenessinclude, besides the unemployed, both underemployed part-time workers and thosenot actively seeking work
(D) at different times during the year, different people areunemployed（D）
(E) many of those whoare affected by unemployment are dependents of unemployed workers
9. Which of the following, if true, is the bestcriticism of the author’s argument concerning why poverty statistics cannotproperly be used to show the effects of problems in the labor market?
(A) A short-term increase in thenumber of those in poverty can indicate a shortage of jobs because the basicnumber of those unable to accept employment remains approximately constant.
(B) For those who arein poverty as a result of joblessness, there are social programs available thatprovide a minimum standard of living.
(C) Povertystatistics do not consistently agree with earnings statistics, when each istaken as a measure of hardship resulting from unemployment.
(D) The elderly andhandicapped categories include many who previously were employed in the labormarket.（A）
(E) Since the labormarket is global in nature, poor workers in one country are competing with poorworkers in another with respect to the level of wages and the existence ofjobs.

作者: jolly03 时间: 2012-3-28 00:31
加油！阅读也是我的老大难~~~~互相监督！

作者: nissanhappy 时间: 2012-3-30 02:33
标题: 这几天没有模考的状态，回头看看错题，做做阅读，看看OG12的cr,sc吧~
Passage 6 (6/63)Feudal 封建制度的，领地的，世仇的 overlord 最高统治者，封建君主 humblest 谦卑的，恭顺的 samurai 武士 shogun 幕府的首领 castle 城堡 temptation 引诱，诱惑物 martial 军事的，战争的，尚武的 laxity 松弛，放纵 misfortune 不幸，灾祸，灾难 debasement 降低，贬值 coinage 造币，货币制度 reclamation 开垦，收回，再利用，矫正shortfall 差额，缺少 broker 经纪人，中间人 levying 征税，征收，征兵 regrettably 抱歉的，遗憾的 solvency 偿付能力，溶解力 derision 嘲笑的对象
P1: 日本封建君主负债的两大原因： 1. 不能适应快速发展的经济 2.幕府和武士的开销变大，入不敷出
P2：武士不能提高收入的两个原因导致德川幕府从别的渠道捞钱，排除了几个捞钱渠道
P3：找到了筹钱的方法--- individual Japanese who lived on fixedstipends
In the eighteenth century,Japan’s feudal overlords,from the shogun (shogun: n.<日>幕府时代的将军) tothe humblest samurai (samurai:n.(封建时代的)日本武士,日本陆军军官), found themselves under financial stress. In part,this stress can be attributed to the overlords’ failure to adjust to a rapidlyexpanding economy, but the stress was also due to factors beyond the overlords’control. Concentration of the samurai in castle-townshad acted as a stimulus to trade. Commercial efficiency, in turn, had put temptations in the way ofbuyers. Since most samurai had been reduced to idleness by years ofpeace, encouraged to engage in scholarship and martial exercises or to perform administrativetasks that took little time, it is not surprising that their tastes and habitsgrew expensive. Overlords’ income, despite the increase in rice productionamong their tenant farmers, failed to keep pace with their expenses.Although shortfallsin overlords’ income resulted almost as much from laxity among their taxcollectors (the nearly inevitable outcome of hereditary office-holding)as from their higher standards of living, a misfortune like a fire or flood, bringing anincrease in expenses or a drop in revenue, could put a domain in debt to thecity rice-brokerswho handled its finances. Once in debt, neither the individual samurai nor theshogun himself found it easy to recover.
It was difficult forindividual samurai overlords to increase their income becausethe amount of rice that farmers could be made to pay in taxes was not unlimited,and since the income of Japan’s centralgovernment consisted in part of taxes collected by the shogun from his hugedomain, the government too was constrained. Therefore,the Tokugawa shoguns began to look to other sources for revenue. Cashprofits from government-owned mines were already on the decline because themost easily worked deposits of silver and gold had been exhausted, although debasement of the coinage had compensatedfor the loss. Opening up new farmland was a possibility, but most of what wassuitable had already been exploited and further reclamation was technically unfeasible. Directtaxation of the samurai themselves would be politically dangerous. This left the shoguns onlycommerce as a potential source of government income.
Most of the country’s wealth,or so it seemed, was finding its way into the hands of city merchants. It appeared reasonable that they should contributepart of that revenue to ease the shogun’s burden of financing the state. Ameans of obtaining such revenue was soon found by levying forced loans, known as goyo-kin; although these were not taxesin the strict sense, since they were irregular in timing and arbitrary inamount, they were high in yield. Unfortunately, they pushed up prices. Thus, regrettably, the Tokugawashoguns’ search for solvencyfor the government made it increasingly difficult for individual Japanese wholived on fixed stipends to make ends meet.
1. The passage is most probably an excerpt from
(A) an economic history of Japan
(B)the memoirs of a samurai warrior
(C)a modern novel about eighteenth-century Japan
(D)an essay contrasting Japanese feudalism with its Westerncounterpart（A）
(E)an introduction to a collection of Japanese folktales
2. Which of the following financial situationsis most analogous to the financial situation in which Japan’s Tokugawa shogunsfound themselves in the eighteenth century?
(A)A small business borrows heavily to invest in new equipment, but is able to pay off its debt early when it isawarded a lucrative government contract.
(B)Fire destroys a small business, but insurance coversthe cost of rebuilding.
(C)A small business is turned down for a loan at a local bank because the owners have no credit history.
(D) A small business has tostruggle to meet operating expenses when its profits decrease.（D）
(E) Asmall business is able to cut back sharply onspending through greater commercial efficiency and thereby compensate for aloss of revenue.
3. Which of the following best describes the attitude of the author toward the samuraidiscussed in lines 11-16?
(A)Warmly approving
(B) Mildly sympathetic 这题错选纯粹是民族情绪啊~
(C)Bitterly disappointed
(D) Harshly disdainful（B）
(E)Profoundly shocked
4. According to the passage, the major reasonfor the financial problems experienced by Japan’s feudal overlords in theeighteenth century was that
(A) spending had outdistanced income
(B)trade had fallen off
(C)profits from mining had declined
(D)the coinage had been sharply debased（A）
(E)the samurai had concentrated in castle-towns
5. The passage implies that individual samuraidid not find it easy to recover from debt for which of the following reasons?P2
(A)Agricultural production had increased.
(B)Taxes were irregular in timing and arbitrary in amount.
(C)The Japanese government had failed to adjust to the needs of a changingeconomy.
(D)The domains of samurai overlords were becoming smaller and poorer as governmentrevenues increased.（E）
(E) There was a limit to theamount in taxes that farmers could be made to pay.
6. The passage suggests that, in eighteenth-century Japan, the office oftax collector
(A) was a source of personal profitto the officeholder
(B)was regarded with derisionby many Japanese
(C)remained within families
(D) existed only in castle-towns 不懂诶~（C）
(E)took up most of the officeholder’s time
7. Which of the following could best besubstituted for the word “This” in line 47 without changingthe meaning of the passage?
(A)The search of Japan’s Tokugawa shoguns for solvency
(B)The importance of commerce in feudal Japan
(C)The unfairness of the tax structure in eighteenth century Japan
(D)The difficulty ofincreasing government income by other means（D）
(E)The difficulty experienced by both individual samurai and the shogun himself inextricating themselves from debt
8. The passage implies that which of thefollowing was the primary reason why the Tokugawa shoguns turned to citymerchants for help in financing the state?
(A)A series of costly wars had depleted the national treasury.
(B)Most of the country’swealth appeared to be in city merchants’ hands.
(C)Japan had suffered a series of economic reversals due to natural disasters suchas floods.
(D)The merchants were already heavily indebted to the shoguns.（B）
(E)Further reclamation of land would not have been economically advantageous.
9. According to the passage, the actions of theTokugawa shoguns in their search for solvency for the government wereregrettable because those actions
(A) raised the cost of living bypushing up prices
(B)resulted in the exhaustion of the most easily worked deposits of silver andgold
(C)were far lower in yield than had originally been anticipated
(D)did not succeed in reducing government spending（A）
(E)acted as a deterrent to trade
Passage 7 (7/63)Word: stage 舞台，阶段，举行 revival 复兴，苏醒 territory 领土raid 突袭，袭击 Constantinople 君士坦丁堡 extinguish 熄灭，压制，偿清possession拥有，财产，领土 secure 安全的，有把握的antiquity 高龄，古物 sequential 连续的，有顺序的intellectual 聪明的，理智的incursion入侵，侵犯 precursor 先驱，前导 inexplicable 费解的，无法说明的
P1：介绍B国从八世纪到11世纪的基本兴衰情况
P2：举例说明正常的经济，军事，文艺复兴的前后联系
P3：猜测推出B国的三者联系
P4：推翻第三段的猜测，说明B国三者reverse的联系
Between the eighth andeleventh centuries A. D., the Byzantine Empire staged (to produce or cause to happen for public view or public effect “stage a track meet” “stage a hunger strike”) an almost unparalleled economic and cultural revival, a recovery thatis all the more striking because it followed along period of severe internal decline. By the earlyeighth century, the empire had lost roughly two-thirds of the territory it hadpossessed in the year 600, and its remaining area was being raided by Arabs andBulgarians, who at times (at times: adv.有时, 不时) threatenedto take Constantinopleand extinguish theempire altogether. The wealth of the state and its subjects was greatlydiminished, and artistic and literary production had virtually ceased. By the early eleventh century, however, the empire hadregained almost half of its lost possessions, its new frontiers were secure, and its influence extended farbeyond its borders. The economy had recovered, the treasury was full, and artand scholarship had advanced.
To consider theByzantine military, cultural, and economic advances as differentiated aspectsof a single phenomenon is reasonable.After all, these three forms of progress have gone together in a number of states and civilizations. Rome underAugustus and fifth-century Athens provide the most obvious examples in antiquity. Moreover, anexamination of the apparent sequentialconnections among military, economic, and cultural forms of progress might helpexplain the dynamics of historical change.
The commonexplanation of these apparent connections in the case of Byzantium would runlike this: when the empire had turned back enemy raids on its own territory andhad begun to raid and conquer enemy territory, Byzantine resources naturallyexpanded and more money became available to patronize art and literature.Therefore, Byzantine military achievements led to economic advances, which inturn led to cultural revival.
No doubt this hypotheticalpattern did apply at times during the course of the recovery. Yet it is notclear that military advances invariably came first, economic advances second,and intellectualadvances third. In the 860’s the Byzantine Empire began to recover from Arab incursions so that by 872the military balance with the Abbasid Caliphate had been permanently altered inthe empire’s favor. The beginning of the empire’s economic revival, however,can be placed between 810 and 830. Finally, the Byzantine revival of learningappears to have begun even earlier. A number of notable scholars and writersappeared by 788 and, by the last decade of the eighth century, a culturalrevival was in full bloom (in full bloom: adv.开着花), a revival that lasted until the fall ofConstantinople in 1453. Thus the commonly expected order of military revivalfollowed by economic and then by cultural recovery was reversed in Byzantium.In fact, the revival of Byzantine learning may itself have influenced thesubsequent economic and military expansion.
1. Which of the following best states thecentral idea of the passage?
(A)The Byzantine Empire was a unique case in which the usual order of military andeconomic revival preceding cultural revival was reversed.为什么不对？
(B)The economic, cultural, and military revival in the Byzantine Empire betweenthe eighth and eleventh centuries was similar inits order to the sequence of revivals in Augustan Rome and fifth centuryAthens.
(C)After 810 Byzantine economic recovery spurred a military and, later, culturalexpansion that lasted until 1453.只有文化复兴延续到1453.
(D)The eighth-century revival of Byzantine learning is an inexplicable phenomenon, and its economicand military precursorshave yet to be discovered. 文章就是解释这个现象，怎么能说费解呢？（E）
(E) The revival of the ByzantineEmpire between the eighth and eleventh centuries shows cultural rebirthpreceding economic and military revival, the reverse of the commonly acceptedorder of progress.
2. The primary purpose of the second paragraphis which of the following?
(A)To establish the uniqueness of the Byzantine revival
(B)To show that Augustan Rome and fifth-century Athens are examples of cultural,economic, and military expansion against which all subsequent cases must bemeasured
(C)To suggest that cultural,economic, and military advances have tended to be closely interrelated indifferent societies
(D)To argue that, while the revivals of Augustan Rome and fifth-century Athenswere similar, they are unrelated to other historical examples（C）
(E)To indicate that, wherever possible, historians should seek to make comparisonswith the earliest chronological examples of revival
3. It can be inferred from the passage that by the eleventh century the Byzantine military forces
(A) hadreached their peak and begun to decline 八世纪的事儿
(B)had eliminated the Bulgarian army
(C)were comparable in size to the army of Rome under Augustus
(D) were strong enough to withstand the Abbasid Caliphate’smilitary forces（D）
(E) had achieved control of Byzantinegovernmental structures 只收回了一半的失地
4. It can be inferred from the passage that theByzantine Empire sustained significant territoriallosses
(A)in 600
(B)during the seventh century 还有一半的领土没有收回
(C)a century after the cultural achievements of the Byzantine Empire had been lost
(D)soon after the revival of Byzantine learning（B）
(E) in the century after 873
5. In the third paragraph, the author mostprobably provides an explanation of the apparent connections among economic,military, and cultural development in order to
(A)suggest that the process of revival in Byzantium accords with this model
(B) set up an order of events thatis then shown to be not generally applicable to the case of Byzantium
(C)cast aspersions on traditional historical scholarship about Byzantium
(D)suggest that Byzantium represents a case for which no historical precedentexists（B）
(E)argue that military conquest is the paramount element in the growth of empires
6. Which of the following does the authormention as crucial evidence concerning the manner in whichthe Byzantine revival began?
(A)The Byzantine military revival of the 860’s led to economic and culturaladvances.
(B)The Byzantine cultural revival lasted until 1453.
(C)The Byzantine economic recovery began in the 900’s.
(D)The revival of Byzantinelearning began toward the end of the eighth century.（D）
(E)By the early eleventh century the Byzantine Empire had regained much of itslost territory.
7. According to the author, “The commonexplanation” (line 28) of connections between economic,military, and cultural development is
(A)revolutionary and too new to have been applied to the history of the ByzantineEmpire
(B)reasonable, but an antiquated theory of the nature of progress
(C)not applicable to theByzantine revival as a whole, but does perhaps accurately describe limitedperiods during the revival
(D)equally applicable to the Byzantine case as a whole and to the history ofmilitary, economic, and cultural advances in ancient Greece and Rome（C）
(E)essentially not helpful, because military, economic, and cultural advances arepart of a single phenomenon

作者: nissanhappy 时间: 2012-3-30 03:23
标题: 为虾米~
为虾米，我的心情那么起伏不定呢？又开始担心各种考试当天的问题了，比如说我听不懂考场人员跟我说什么（在北美考，然后没咋出门跟人沟通，尽在家看G了。），比如说考试前晚睡不着。。。等等等。
看论坛，看的我都想哭了。
为虾米有的人模考的很好，考出来就是不上700，而有的人模考的时候是600多，一考出来就是700多。
苍天啊，大地啊，快点让我把G给翻篇吧，再不结束，我都要疯了~~~~

作者: birbird11 时间: 2012-3-30 10:05
楼主坚强！！有时候一道题怎么都想不通就不要跟它耗了，考试又不会遇到，这么老纠结还会让心情很差。加油加油。

作者: nissanhappy 时间: 2012-3-31 04:18
标题: 还是国考好啊~
做math的时候，当时怎么看都看不懂一道题，乱选一个，跳下题，做完了，看看还剩很久才到时间，就回头看，结果发现又全看懂，又都会做了。还是笔试好，不会做的，可以回头再做。机考，第一遍的时候就担心pace不对，题做不完，就心惊肉跳的，静不下心，然后会做的题也不会转圈了。太不科学啦~~~

作者: birbird11 时间: 2012-3-31 16:53
小安第二篇我给看跪了。。。。

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