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标题: GWD-5-19 [打印本页]

作者: yhjyl 时间: 2004-9-11 19:59
标题: GWD-5-19

Q19:

Historian: In the Drindian Empire, censuses were conducted annually to determine the population of each village. Village census records for the last half of the 1600’s are remarkably complete. This very completeness makes one point stand out; in five different years, villages overwhelmingly reported significant population declines. Tellingly, each of those five years immediately followed an increase in a certain Drindian tax. This tax, which was assessed on villages, was computed by the central government using the annual census figures. Obviously, whenever the tax went up, villages had an especially powerful economic incentive to minimize the number of people they recorded; and concealing the size of a village’s population from government census takers would have been easy. Therefore, it is reasonable to think that the reported declines did not happen.

In the historian’s argument, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

The first supplies a context for the historian’s argument; the second acknowledges a consideration that has been used to argue against the position the historian seeks to establish.

The first presents evidence to support the position that the historian seeks to establish; the second acknowledges a consideration that has been used to argue against that position.

The first provides a context for certain evidence that supports the position that the historian seeks to establish; the second is that position.

The first is a position for which the historian argues; the second is an assumption that serves as the basis of that argument.

The first is an assumption that the historian explicitly makes in arguing for a certain position; the second acknowledges a consideration that calls that assumption into question.

我选C，从后半句判断，可是前半句为什么是支持后一句呢？前半句说complete，后半句说census不对，不是反驳吗？

作者: kingsoft 时间: 2004-9-11 23:34

i suppose you may not fully understand the passage

the first sentence describes the context of the reasoning. without it(if the records were uncompleted), all the following reasoning the author made is untenable.

thus, it is obvious that the first sentence supports the position the author argued

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-9-11 23:34:16编辑过]

作者: jojocarter 时间: 2004-9-17 11:19

我也做错了，仔细再想想，C也有道理，但这个题目很阴。

1。Village census records for the last half of the 1600’s are remarkably complete.
说明了整个纪录是完整的（注意：不是说它是对的）

2。the reported declines did not happen.
是指出villages overwhelmingly reported significant population declines是不对的。

也就是说其实2并没有否定1，相反2的推出必须建立在纪录是完整的基础上的。所以也只有C是对的。

然而，问中也说到了This very completeness makes one point stand out,而这个point就是在最后观点中否定掉的那个，所以很容易让人联想到最后的观点也同时否定掉了这个point的前提（Village census records for the last half of the 1600’s are remarkably complete）。

我的观点是否定了一个观点并不等于否定了这个观点的前提，所以最后可以选C。

作者: victorliao 时间: 2004-10-20 11:18
great,Jojocarter!

作者: rstdue 时间: 2005-2-4 17:03

请问一下,这题的意思是说,这个村人口下降是不对的,因为当政府依据村人口数量征税,每年征加税收,当要调税时,村里人口数量就下降,所以得出结论. 我的意思有错吗??

villages had an especially powerful economic incentive to minimize the number of people they recorded; and concealing the size of a village’s population from government census takers would have been easy.不太懂这句意思,可以帮忙解释一下吗??谢谢

作者: ethyl 时间: 2005-5-18 04:25

我的观点是否定了一个观点并不等于否定了这个观点的前提，所以最后可以选C。

赞！正如逻辑题削弱前提通常是无效的……

请问一下,这题的意思是说,这个村人口下降是不对的,因为当政府依据村人口数量征税,每年征加税收,当要调税时,村里人口数量就下降,所以得出结论. 我的意思有错吗??
villages had an especially powerful economic incentive to minimize the number of people they recorded; and concealing the size of a village’s population from government census takers would have been easy.不太懂这句意思,可以帮忙解释一下吗??谢谢

这里有一个前提：这些村子都不愿意多缴税。

因为D税跟人口挂钩，所以当要征税时，村子因为经济原因（少缴税）而少报人口；而隐瞒真实人口数目则是很简单的事情。

作者: 华籍美人 时间: 2005-5-25 09:26
做BF题，我有个心得：无须把题目通篇看完，更不用去体会作者的推理思路，太浪费时间了。只要注意boldface周围的句子及具有提示性的词（如转折、总结等），一般都可以判断出来黑体字的作用，此种方法绝对有效，且节省大量时间，正确率达100%！到目前为止，用这种方法我的BF题一般不到1分钟，且就没错过。大家可以试试看！

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-5-25 9:28:50编辑过]

作者: roberto0220 时间: 2005-6-27 20:39

七楼的mm可否举个实例演示下？

我也会尝试你的方法看看。

作者: bigmouse 时间: 2005-6-28 16:57
roberto，做BF不要太在意逻辑推理，主要是找出那是结论，哪是前提（事实），哪是中间结论，那是背景信息～～～

作者: Dinaxie 时间: 2005-7-27 20:31

这句怎么翻译？

Village census records for the last half of the 1600’s are remarkably complete.

作者: ethyl 时间: 2005-7-27 20:39
17世纪后半期的人口普查记录是惊人的完整。

作者: Lucky0506 时间: 2005-8-2 17:30
这道题，正确答案到底是什么啊？

作者: wwwhahchn 时间: 2005-8-5 18:12
C

作者: dongyuntao 时间: 2005-8-8 21:58

该村17世纪后五十年的人口普查报告是相当完整的

作者: dongyuntao 时间: 2005-8-8 22:04

补充一点，再次读A选项The first supplies a context for the historian’s argument;和C选项The first provides a context for certain evidence that supports the position that the historian seeks to establish;会发现其中的细微差别，是这个选项中很关键的。

其实第一个画线内容就是一个事实，并且它是第二画线句的推理过程的一个环节，期支持作用

作者: Dannie 时间: 2005-9-18 12:26

其实前面的讨论已经解释得很清楚了，这一段话整个是historian的一个argument，前后看来的对立其实是表面的。粗看题目容易理解成历史学家说人口下降而作者通过分析提出人口并未下降，导致倾向选A。事实不是如此，A说的第二部分意在推翻historian的结论并不存在，因为整个reasoning都是历史学家的，第二部分正是他的结论本身。

作者: leonchan 时间: 2005-10-7 20:22

以下是引用华籍美人在2005-5-25 9:26:00的发言：
做BF题，我有个心得：无须把题目通篇看完，更不用去体会作者的推理思路，太浪费时间了。只要注意boldface周围的句子及具有提示性的词（如转折、总结等），一般都可以判断出来黑体字的作用，此种方法绝对有效，且节省大量时间，正确率达100%！到目前为止，用这种方法我的BF题一般不到1分钟，且就没错过。大家可以试试看！

这个方法不错！

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-10-7 20:23:05编辑过]

作者: zenger 时间: 2005-10-13 13:26

这个方法是可接受的，但不可说100%正确。20题就是个例子——所以包括以前的大N该题都选择了D，而实际上，E才应该是正确的。20题讨论如此之少，也从侧面反映出大多数GMATers采用了上述方法，甚至都没有事后再仔细看该题。

作者: jinni 时间: 2006-3-2 13:19

我觉得这道题目的意义在于，对于BF题目，除了转承关系词，找到作者支持的结论，以及这个结论用的前提，作者反对的结论，以及这个反对结论用的前提外，还要注意哪一些是背景的东西，或者说是属于大家公用的前提的东西。

这道题目就是考了一个公用的前提。

作者: cdsteven517 时间: 2006-3-29 16:53
BF 题的提干比较长，如何能够节省时间呢？NN 的方法？？？

作者: amber0919 时间: 2006-4-21 12:53

这个题有个快捷方法.第二个黑体部分明显是结论.所以从选项的尾部看:

ABE都说是consideration.明显不对.排.

D:说是assumption.也不对.排.

只有C:说是position. 结论.对.

作者: catcenter 时间: 2006-5-4 17:37

consideration 不可以表观点吗结论吗?

那他的意思等同于什么呢?

请指教

作者: catcenter 时间: 2006-5-4 17:39
麻烦NN指点

作者: catcenter 时间: 2006-5-9 23:15

ding

咋没人理呢...

作者: shzzhengfan 时间: 2006-5-17 16:58

我总结的要点：1，整段话都是historian的观点。
第二个BF是historian的中心论点。（排除A）

2，文章前半段全是中心论点的推理过程。第一个BF是推理的起点。

3，如果缺乏第一个BF，即records不完整，则推理不成立。因为如果records不完整，则可能1600s中大部分年都有population decline，而其中只有五年followed an increase in a certain Drindian tax，这样的话就不能推出人口下降是由于避税而虚报的。

作者: eaststar 时间: 2006-5-19 22:17

以下是引用amber0919在2006-4-21 12:53:00的发言：

这个题有个快捷椒?第二个黑体部分明显是结论.所以从选项的尾部看:

ABE都说是consideration.明显不对.排.

D:说是assumption.也不对.排.

只有C:说是position. 结论.对.

与我心有戚戚焉！

作者: imp01 时间: 2006-8-16 17:11

完全同意第一句是前提，无对错之分

但A与此不矛盾啊

请NN指点

作者: mayce 时间: 2006-8-24 23:26
这道题有中心论点么？

作者: dreamchaserdan 时间: 2006-12-2 22:12

分析一下，请大家指正。

In the Drindian Empire, censuses were conducted annually to determine the population of each village. (Background 1)Village census records for the last half of the 1600’s are remarkably complete.
(Background 2)This very completeness makes one point stand out; in five different years, villages overwhelmingly reported significant population declines. (Evidence 1)Tellingly, each of those five years immediately followed an increase in a certain Drindian tax. (Evidence 2)This tax, which was assessed on villages, was computed by the central government using the annual census figures. (Background 3)Obviously, whenever the tax went up, villages had an especially powerful economic incentive to minimize the number of people they recorded; (Inter-conclusion)and concealing the size of a village’s population from government census takers would have been easy. (Consideration)Therefore, it is reasonable to think that the reported declines did not happen.(Conclusion)

作者: ptr07 时间: 2006-12-14 06:34
pay attention to "Therefor", after this word, the author clearly states his conclusion

作者: dreamalittle 时间: 2007-2-15 18:52

以下是引用amber0919在2006-4-21 12:53:00的发言：

这个题有个快捷方法.第二个黑体部分明显是结论.所以从选项的尾部看:

ABE都说是consideration.明显不对.排.

D:说是assumption.也不对.排.

只有C:说是position. 结论.对.

完全同意，我也是这么选出来的

作者: jason_jufe 时间: 2007-4-21 17:14

以下是引用roberto0220在2005-6-27 20:39:00的发言：

七楼的mm可否举个实例演示下？

我也会尝试你的方法看看。

1. GWD-6-Q16*: Boldface

Historian: Newton developed mathematical concepts and techniques that are fundamental to modern calculus. Leibniz developed closely analogous concepts and techniques. It has traditionally been thought that these discoveries were independent. Researchers have, however, recently discovered notes of Leibniz’ that discuss one of Newton’s books on mathematics. Several scholars have argued that since the book includes a presentation of Newton’s calculus concepts and techniques, and since the notes were written before Leibniz’ own development of calculus concepts and techniques, it is virtually certain that the traditional view is false. A more cautious conclusion than this is called for, however. Leibniz’ notes are limited to early sections of Newton’s book, sections that precede the ones in which Newton’s calculus concepts and techniques are presented.

In the historian’s reasoning, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?

The first provides evidence in support of the overall position that the historian defends; the second is evidence that has been used to support an opposing position.
The first provides evidence in support of the overall position that the historian defends; the second is that position.
The first provides evidence in support of an intermediate conclusion that is drawn to provide support for the overall position that the historian defends; the second provides evidence against that intermediate conclusion.
The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the historian criticizes; the second is evidence offered in support of the historian’s own position.
The first is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the historian criticizes; the second is further information that substantiates that evidence.

Some scholars have argued that since…and since… conclusion however. Leibniz….presented

很清晰地看出，since后是给scholars的理论提供evidence；后面转折提出作者自己观点，后面也提出evidence支持自己的观点。

作者: zxl851003 时间: 2007-11-9 13:59

很好的例子

作者: weideng 时间: 2008-3-9 00:22

以下是引用jojocarter在2004-9-17 11:19:00的发言：

也就是说其实2并没有否定1，相反2的推出必须建立在纪录是完整的基础上的。所以也只有C是对的。

很经典~谢谢

作者: jonath 时间: 2008-3-31 22:25

"这句怎么翻译？

Village census records for the last half of the 1600’s are remarkably complete."

答：15世纪下半叶该村的人口普查记录惊人的完整

作者: jesuisdesole 时间: 2008-5-14 00:23

一看BF就晕了

那个牛牛能给我讲讲为啥前半句的ASSUMPTION不对呢?

作者: batmanhm 时间: 2008-5-28 17:30

以下是引用jesuisdesole在2008-5-14 0:23:00的发言：

一看BF就晕了

那个牛牛能给我讲讲为啥前半句的ASSUMPTION不对呢?

陈诉句亚，没有assumption的意思，只是叙述一个事实

作者: rpch2004 时间: 2008-5-29 09:02

否定反驳结论，并非等于否定支持反驳结论的前提，有可能最终结论也是建立在这个前提之上

第二个BF在Therefore，之后，明显是结论，可以用来排除选项

作者: 夜凉如水 时间: 2008-7-18 13:34

否定了一个观点并不等于否定了这个观点的前提

谢谢。

作者: goyce36 时间: 2008-7-26 22:11
能具体说说20题为何选E么？我看所有人都选D。貌似只有咱俩选E。。

作者: wu41385621 时间: 2009-7-24 11:55

作者: feiyanswallow 时间: 2012-8-25 09:30
我觉得这题选E，谁帮忙讲下E哪里错了。谢谢！

作者: 东方微白 时间: 2013-5-1 09:08

Dinaxie 发表于 2005-7-27 20:31
这句怎么翻译？Village census records for the last half of the 1600’s are remarkably complete. ...

村人口普查数据（1600后半年的）是超完整的

作者: waihou32 时间: 2013-5-11 12:08

华籍美人发表于 2005-5-25 09:26
做BF题，我有个心得：无须把题目通篇看完，更不用去体会作者的推理思路，太浪费时间了。只要注意boldface周 ...

反对啊···我们老师也给我们说要这么做题,以前我也一直用这种方法,可是有很多选项的态度都是一样的,而且语言变化多样,如果不对原文的大致意思进行了解有些题是做不出来的,你说的这种方法只对一些简单清晰的黑脸题有用···

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