One state adds a 7 percent sales tax to the price of most products purchased within its jurisdiction. This tax, therefore, if viewed as tax on income, has the reverse effect of the federal income tax: the lower the income, the higher the annual percentage rate at which the income is taxed.
The conclusion above would be properly drawn if which of the following were assumed as a premise?
(A) The amount of money citizens spend on products subject to the state tax tends to be equal across income levels.
(B) The federal income tax favors citizens with high incomes, whereas the state sales tax favors citizens with low incomes.
(C) Citizens with low annual incomes can afford to pay a relatively higher percentage of their incomes in state sales tax, since their federal income tax is relatively low.
(D) The lower a state’s sales tax, the more it will tend to redistribute income from the more affluent citizens to the rest of society.（A）
(E) Citizens who fail to earn federally taxable income are also exempt from the state sales tax.
请问这句话该怎么理解啊:
This tax, therefore, if viewed as tax on income, has the reverse effect of the federal income tax:
This sentence suggests that if you look at this tax as a tax on income (like income tax), it has the opposition effect of federal tax. Federal tax works in a way that the higher the income is, the higher the tax rate is. The sales tax is opposite: the lower the income, the higher the tax rate (because the 7% is on the goods purchased and steady).
對此題的assumption還是不清楚如何得出
我知道 poor: (income tas+ sales tax)/income > rich (income tax+ sales tax)/ income
但為何需要A這個前提?
另外 如何用"取非" 來驗證?
A说各收入段的人买东西（特指需要缴纳7%营业税的商品）花的钱一样多
==>缴纳的营业税一样多
又收入不一样
==>（营业税/收入）不一样，即the lower the income, the higher the annual percentage rate ...
A选项怎么理解呢？
为什么各个收入阶层在收税的商品上的花费必须趋于相等？不相等或者相差很大，题目中的结论也一样成立啊！
如果富人与穷人购买的此类商品数量2a与a，也就是在此类商品上的花费的比例是2，但他们的收入是3b与b，比是3，此时富人的花费比例是2a/3b，穷人是a/b,两个比例之比是2/3，这样的数字并不影响结论的成立（很明显，2a/3b要小于a/b）。
题中到底是怎样的一个推理？
This sentence suggests that if you look at this tax as a tax on income (like income tax), it has the opposition effect of federal tax. Federal tax works in a way that the higher the income is, the higher the tax rate is. The sales tax is opposite: the lower the income, the higher the tax rate (because the 7% is on the goods purchased and steady).
Thanks for the explanation.
This sentence suggests that if you look at this tax as a tax on income (like income tax), it has the opposition effect of federal tax. Federal tax works in a way that the higher the income is, the higher the tax rate is. The sales tax is opposite: the lower the income, the higher the tax rate (because the 7% is on the goods purchased and steady).
The lower the income, the higher the tax rate is..還是有点似懂非懂
是不是說: 穷人因為INCOME少 花得錢少 - 一各固定tax rate 7% is higher to them
所以前提就建立在INCOME少 -assumption - spend on prodcuts is less too.
oh, so that's why the answer is A,
請帮我鑑定思路对不对!!!
顶一下！请NN指点此类题该如何考虑？
为什么各个收入阶层在收税的商品上的花费必须趋于相等？不相等或者相差很大，题目中的结论也一样成立啊！
如果富人与穷人购买的此类商品数量2a与a，也就是在此类商品上的花费的比例是2，但他们的收入是3b与b，比是3，此时富人的花费比例是2a/3b，穷人是a/b,两个比例之比是2/3，这样的数字并不影响结论的成立（很明显，2a/3b要小于a/b）。
题中到底是怎样的一个推理？
但他们的收入是3b与b，比是3
如果假设他们的收入是2b与b呢，比是2，此时富人穷人的花费比均为a/b，可见前提是必需的，即假设他们在收税的商品上的花费必须趋于相等，才能得出题中的结论。
the lower the income, the higher the annual percentage rate at which the income is taxed.
这是结论。翻译是收入越低，每年税额所占收入的比例越高。
A) The amount of money citizens spend on products subject to the state tax tends to be equal across income levels.
居民花在需要交税的商品上的钱在各收入阶层是相等的。就是说大款和叫花子花同样多的钱买这些商品。
那收入变低，分母变小， 比率升高，结论成立。
这题真强啊!关键是"趋于相等".谢谢大牛解释!
赞：趋于相等
如果要定量描述，而非定性描述
那么，假设：
穷人 富人
购买消费 a m*a
收入 b n*b
税收/收入 (a*7%)/b (m*a*7%)/(n*b)
要做的假设：(a*7%)/b > (m*a*7%)/(n*b) 即 n > m
也就是穷人和富人消费的差距要小于收入的差距
定性描述：穷人和富人消费的差距相对于收入的差距要趋于相等
理想状态：穷人和富人消费的差距为零，即相等
赞：趋于相等
如果要定量描述，而非定性描述
那么，假设：
穷人 富人
购买消费 a m*a
收入 b n*b
税收/收入 (a*7%)/b (m*a*7%)/(n*b)
要做的假设：(a*7%)/b > (m*a*7%)/(n*b) 即 n > m
也就是穷人和富人消费的差距要小于收入的差距
定性描述：穷人和富人消费的差距相对于收入的差距要趋于相等
理想状态：穷人和富人消费的差距为零，即相等
请NN们再给理一下做这题的思路。按照费允杰网课的说法，对于这类假设题，找出结论，找出前提，然后在选项中找到能连接结论和前提的桥。其在讲解这题时，过程也很复杂：（本来，sales rate（销售税率）=sales tax、sales；那么，one state的sales rate就是7%；现在sales rate（销售税率）=sales tax、income；并且income越低，其税率越高，推出sales tax不变。而sales tax不变，根据最初的条件，那么sales*7%不变，即sales不变。然后就推出A，即：无论收入高低，上街花钱都一样…）
现在没有的头绪在于，拿到这题，是如何想到需要用这么复杂的关系先去推理，费的讲解就像是先知道答案再去反推，而我刚开始学逻辑，请教NN们做这道题的思路，是如何通过“结论”和“前提”去找桥的，在没看选项前就需要先把结论和前提的关系通过如此复杂关系推出弄清楚吗.....怎么思考的，彻底晕了
这个税如果看做是收入税的话，那么其作用是与federal tax相反的
比如，穷人赚2000，富人赚10000，都买1000的东西，收70的税，那么相当于对富人收 70/10000而对穷人收 70/2000
而这个成立的前提就是，花的一样，如果不一样的话，就不一定了
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