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标题: 2008Prep Q181 twice 同位语，请教大牛~~ [打印本页]

作者: 半阙 时间: 2012-1-24 23:35
标题: 2008Prep Q181 twice 同位语，请教大牛~~
“According to surveys by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, about 20 percent ofyoung adults used cocaine in 1979, doubling those reported in the 1977 survey.
(A) doubling those reported in the 1977 survey
(B) to double the number the 1977 survey reported
(C) twice those the 1977 survey reported
(D) twice as much as those reported in the 1977 survey
(E) twice the number reported in the 1977 survey

OA：E。其中twice跳跃used cocaine修饰20 percent of young adults.”

这是Q181题后面的注解，我就不明白了，同位语就近修饰即使可以跳跃一般不是只能跳跃修饰语么？这儿怎么连谓语都跳过了？求NN指教

作者: 12604698 时间: 2012-1-25 01:25

笑完了~

我觉得哈~
（1）manhattan语法跳跃修饰讲的里面有一点是跳跃修饰避免头重脚轻。比如 svo，s有个长的定语从句或者同位，vo很短~~ 定语从句放后面。

（2）这里可以把前面的svo那个看做一个整体。后面同位的其实是前面那个整体。按照逻辑读起来，也会感twice读起来比较顺。语法题考核的其实是逻辑意思，死的语法点考查的越来越少了，也会有好多不太符合语法知识的用法，但是在特定的场合下符合逻辑意思，满足简洁，清晰。

笑完了~~

作者: 半阙 时间: 2012-1-25 10:30

笑完了~~

-- by 会员 12604698 (2012/1/25 1:25:05)

我也觉得读起来挺顺，然后越分析越玄忽~~看来逻辑含义是王道这点是不错的，以后一定多注意~~谢谢啦~
还有，你笑得真开心~~

作者: 12604698 时间: 2012-1-25 11:27
对呀~放前面头重脚轻啦~这种情况一定要跳的。~

作者: 半阙 时间: 2012-1-25 11:36
在manhattan上看到的一道题，跟这一处知识点是一样的，附上作参考~~
In California today, Hispanics under the age of eighteen account for more than 43%, compared with a decade ago, when it was about 35%.
A.……
B.Of the Californians under the age of eighteen, today more than 43% of them are Hispanic, compared with a decade ago, when it was about 35%.
C.Today, more than 43% of Californians under the age of eighteen are Hispanic, compared with about 35% decade ago.
D.Today, compared to a decade ago, Californians who are Hispanics under the age of eighteen account for more than 43%, whereas it was about 35%.
E. Today, Hispanics under the age of eighteen in California account for more than 43%, unlike a decade ago, when it was about 35%.
答案：C
问：Compared” follows “Hispanic” immediately, does it mean “compared” modify “Hispanic”?

答：apparently, "compared with"/"compared to" can be used to modify the statistic in the preceding clause, even if that statistic doesn't come right before the comma. this is a lesson that you can draw by yourself from looking at this problem, simply by noting what appears in the correct answer.

这里只说了C选项，要看其他分析的http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/post21654.html#21654

回到原来的题目中来，也就是说twice本来就不是用来修饰n.的，就是用来修饰numerical concept的，即使离修饰对象很远~~应该可以这么理解的吧~~

作者: babybearmm 时间: 2012-1-25 11:55
这题我对prep的解说保留意见.......
说我的理解谨供参考

(E) twice the number reported in the 1977 survey
独立主格的基本结构 noun + noun modifier （其中noun可以用pronoun替换）
衍生： with + noun + noun modifier
some of + noun + noun modifier 其中some of可以换成each of, all of, most of.....
.....
其实这个"twice"形式上和前面那个"some of"对等，可以这么理解。

你摘录的prep笔记上说“其中twice跳跃used cocaine修饰20 percent of young adults.””
我不认同，这里twice要说修饰，就是修饰后面的 "the number reported ..."
所以还是回到我刚才说的，"the number reported ..." 是独立主格的基本结构，前面加个twice，就跟加个"some of"道理一样，修饰后面的核心noun。

另外，我一直觉得咱很多人走入了一个误区——过分强调独立主格的“修饰”对象
独立主格本身并不是通常意义的modifier，不存在特定的修饰对象（例如一个noun）！独立主格就是对主句somehow起到补充说明解释的作用就行，至于somehow到什么程度、联系有多紧密、到底怎么说明解释的，We don't care!

His head held high, Owen walked out of the store.
这里可以理解成补充说明owen走出小店的状态，可谁要是说"his head held high"是修饰 walked这个动作，我坚决反对。"with his head held high" 这样的prep phrase才能作为modifier，单说"his head held high"根本就不能作为modifier。

Scientists reported that SVO, a finding that ...
这里独立主格结构"a finding that ...."就是补充说明前面的SVO——也就是归结为一个词的"finding"。谁要跟我说"a finding that ..."是修饰前面的SVO我就跟谁急！
就好比你说：“苹果——一种水果，有利于健康。”苹果是“一种水果”，可谁能说“一种水果”修饰苹果？
你可以说：“作为一种水果的苹果有利于健康。” 这里“作为一种水果的” 修饰“苹果”，这就对了。

真要说modifier，v-ing形式也好，participle也好，都有很严格的限制，比如逻辑主语、时态、逻辑含义等等。而独立主格没那么多严格的要求，somehow就行了。

“According to surveys by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, about 20 percent ofyoung adults used cocaine in 1979, doubling those reported in the 1977 survey.
(A) doubling those reported in the 1977 survey
(B) to double the number the 1977 survey reported
(C) twice those the 1977 survey reported
(D) twice as much as those reported in the 1977 survey
(E) twice the number reported in the 1977 survey

OA：E。其中twice跳跃used cocaine修饰20 percent of young adults.”

这是Q181题后面的注解，我就不明白了，同位语就近修饰即使可以跳跃一般不是只能跳跃修饰语么？这儿怎么连谓语都跳过了？求NN指教

-- by 会员半阙 (2012/1/24 23:35:12)

作者: 12604698 时间: 2012-1-25 12:03
开始的时候我也没把twice + n 理解成同位，之前我以为是状语，不存在跳跃与否的问题。后来看到语法笔记，又问了度娘。
http://wenku.baidu.com/view/8dad862ee2bd960590c67740.html

她说twice + n 中twice是限定词，他们整体是同位。这里twice不是副词。。
这样看和manhattan的例子也不一样了。

而且如果真是同位的话，也可以跳跃谓语的。也就是我一直在说的那个头重脚轻的问题。这个manhattan语法上那个例子。

你真跑去manhattan找题啦？。。。。厉害

作者: babybearmm 时间: 2012-1-25 12:09
我说错了，Absolute phrase是一种modifier，但是是特殊的modifier.

A few GMAT sentences use a sophisticated modifier called an Absolute Phrase. Absolute
phrases are composed of a noun plus a noun modifler. These phrases do not have to modify
what they touch; rather, they modify the main clause in some way.

嗯，就理解成somehow补充解释那句话，而不是特定地修饰某个成分（比如某个noun）

Scientists reported that SVO, a finding that ...
这里独立主格结构"a finding that ...."就是补充说明前面的SVO——也就是归结为一个词的"finding"。谁要跟我说"a finding that ..."是修饰前面的SVO我就跟谁急！
就好比你说：“苹果——一种水果，有利于健康。”苹果是“一种水果”，可谁能说“一种水果”修饰苹果？
你可以说：“作为一种水果的苹果有利于健康。” 这里“作为一种水果的” 修饰“苹果”，这就对了。

真要说modifier，v-ing形式也好，participle也好，都有很严格的限制，比如逻辑主语、时态、逻辑含义等等。而独立主格没那么多严格的要求，somehow就行了。

-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/1/25 11:55:44)

作者: babybearmm 时间: 2012-1-25 12:50
我觉得你问得很好啊，这个理解也有道理~
我都想把这个问题提给Ron让他下次study hall讲讲了。

在manhattan上看到的一道题，跟这一处知识点是一样的，附上作参考~~
In California today, Hispanics under the age of eighteen account for more than 43%, compared with a decade ago, when it was about 35%.
A.……
B.Of the Californians under the age of eighteen, today more than 43% of them are Hispanic, compared with a decade ago, when it was about 35%.
C.Today, more than 43% of Californians under the age of eighteen are Hispanic, compared with about 35% decade ago.
D.Today, compared to a decade ago, Californians who are Hispanics under the age of eighteen account for more than 43%, whereas it was about 35%.
E. Today, Hispanics under the age of eighteen in California account for more than 43%, unlike a decade ago, when it was about 35%.
答案：C
问：Compared” follows “Hispanic” immediately, does it mean “compared” modify “Hispanic”?

答：apparently, "compared with"/"compared to" can be used to modify the statistic in the preceding clause, even if that statistic doesn't come right before the comma. this is a lesson that you can draw by yourself from looking at this problem, simply by noting what appears in the correct answer.

这里只说了C选项，要看其他分析的http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/post21654.html#21654

回到原来的题目中来，也就是说twice本来就不是用来修饰n.的，就是用来修饰numerical concept的，即使离修饰对象很远~~应该可以这么理解的吧~~

-- by 会员半阙 (2012/1/25 11:36:02)

作者: babybearmm 时间: 2012-1-25 13:18
你看这题这么做可不可以？
其实关于比较的问题，破题思路都是搞清楚什么和什么在比较。这题5个选项，A/B一组，C/D/E一组，前者double，后者twice。

I. 如果用double (as a verb)，正确的句子就应该是：
20 percent of S used C in 1979, doubling the percentage/number reported in ....
首先肯定是"comma, v-ing"（很典型的用法），不能跟不定式.
其次，什么东西double，应该是percentage double 或者 number double
而A里面those指代不明，可以是20 percent ofyoung adults 也可以是 young adults
这样就排除A/B。

2.如果用twice
还是要问，什么是什么的twice？
C/D/E都是twice打头的一截儿（暂且避免纠结独立主格的问题吧），我们还原成完成的句子吧. The author is trying to say:
Something is twice ...........................
有以下两种方式表达这个意思：

a) X is twice Y. Here X/Y should make logical sense. 就说例如不能X=apple, Y=pear, non-sense! X和Y都要是数量之类的可比的。
看E选项 (E) twice the number reported in the 1977 survey
Y= the number ( )
因为划线部分并不存在X（我们只是还原成完整句子帮助我们理解），所以我们只需要找到整个句子中是否存在符合逻辑的X来进行比较，发现了，有20 percent，这个和"the number ( )" 是可比的，没问题。
看(C) twice those the 1977 survey reported
Y=those ( )
那么还是有those指代不明确（歧义）的问题

b) X is twice as many/much as Y
这个表达也是可以的，这里X/Y是具体名词（例如apple/pear，而不是number这种抽象的）
many还是much取决于Y是否可数
(D) twice as much as those reported in the 1977 survey
这个those指代，可以是20 percent of young adults 也可以是 young adults
但不管指代什么，都可数，不能用much

总结：其实就是抓住the nature of comparison来解比较考点的题目
这句话，独立主格结构不是考点。

-- by 会员半阙 (2012/1/24 23:35:12)

作者: 半阙 时间: 2012-1-25 15:35
太长了我就不引用了，你说的那个prep讲的很好，我把摘下来做了补充~~我觉得我们很多时候都太纠结于语法了，manhattan上多从意思的角度出发，这样更清楚一点，也不容易忘~~

作者: 半阙 时间: 2012-1-25 15:36

开始的时候我也没把twice + n 理解成同位，之前我以为是状语，不存在跳跃与否的问题。后来看到语法笔记，又问了度娘。
http://wenku.baidu.com/view/8dad862ee2bd960590c67740.html

她说twice + n 中twice是限定词，他们整体是同位。这里twice不是副词。。
这样看和manhattan的例子也不一样了。

而且如果真是同位的话，也可以跳跃谓语的。也就是我一直在说的那个头重脚轻的问题。这个manhattan语法上那个例子。

你真跑去manhattan找题啦？。。。。厉害

-- by 会员 12604698 (2012/1/25 12:03:51)

babybearmm给的那个链接我一路看下去就看到啦~~~

作者: babybearmm 时间: 2012-1-25 16:21
wow~~~that's super super brilliant! Thank you for sharing~

I can't agree more on "我觉得我们很多时候都太纠结于语法了，manhattan上多从意思的角度出发，这样更清楚一点，也不容易忘"

太长了我就不引用了，你说的那个prep讲的很好，我把摘下来做了补充~~我觉得我们很多时候都太纠结于语法了，manhattan上多从意思的角度出发，这样更清楚一点，也不容易忘~~

-- by 会员半阙 (2012/1/25 15:35:25)

作者: 半阙 时间: 2012-2-6 11:23

-- by 会员半阙 (2012/1/25 11:36:02)

我又不明白了~~~
看下面这道题：（GWD17）

In 1981 children in the United States

spent an averageof slightly less than two and a half hours a week doinghousehold chores; by 1997 they had spent nearly six hours a week.

A.chores; by 1997 they had spent nearly six hoursa week

B.chores; by 1997 that figure had grown to nearlysix hours a week

C.chores, whereas nearly six hours a week werespent in 1997

D.chores, compared with a figure of nearly six hours a week in 1997

E.chores, that figure growing to nearly six hours a week in 1997

答案选B，我错选了D
看到有人讨论说compared with就近修饰，比较对象不对等
那按照上面Ron说的，compared with a figure of .... 它不会修饰chores，而是指前面的an average of slightly less than two and a half hours a week，即使它离chores很近~~我上来一读就觉得D特顺口~~

作者: 半阙 时间: 2012-2-6 11:37
又找到一题~~

A recent review of pay scales indicates that CEO's now earn an average of 419 times more pay than blue-collar workers, compared to a ratio of 42 times in 1980.

(A) that CEO's now earn an average of 419 times more pay than blue-collar workers, compared to a ratio of 42 times
(B) that, on average, CEO's now earn 419 times the pay of blue-collar workers, a ratio that compares to 42 times
(C) that, on average, CEO's now earn 419 times the pay of blue-collar workers, as compared to 42 times their pay, the ratio
(D) CEO's who now earn on average 419 times more pay than blue-collar workers, as compared to 42 times their pay, the ratio
(E) CEO's now earning an average of 419 times the pay of blue-collar workers, compared to the ratio of 42 times

答案选C
你看，这里的as compared to 不也是紧跟在workers后面而修饰的是419times么？

作者: babybearmm 时间: 2012-2-6 18:21
整理得真好~赞一下

我觉得，Ron说的是对的，只要前面那个句子非常明确的指出了用于比较的数量（不管在什么位置什么成分），且可比，且没有歧义，就可以用", compared to", ", as compared to".

但是，你举出来的GWD17的问题在于——
"compared with a figure of nearly six hours a week in 1997"
注意："a figure of _______ in 1997"
读完这句话，我们知道这个figure是怎么定义的么？不知道。
从逻辑上讲，比较对象必须能够明确定义。

你再看看B选项："by 1997 that figure had grown to nearlysix hours a week"
这里用的是"that figure"，就毫无歧义地精确定义了这是一个什么figure

再看看下一道题，正确选项也是明确定义了的"as compared to 42 times their pay"
错误选项例如A "compared to a ratio of 42 times" 就没有定义清楚这是个什么ratio

作者: babybearmm 时间: 2012-2-6 18:28
另外你原来那道题目2008Prep Q181

建议你找个英英字典，查一下double作为动词的不同用法，比如，以下句子正确的：
The baby doubled its weight in the past year.
这里你如果理解为baby和its weight在比较，那就错了。
prep有道题目也是double的这种用法，我觉得仔细看字典就能总结出来了

作者: 半阙 时间: 2012-2-6 20:35

整理得真好~赞一下

我觉得，Ron说的是对的，只要前面那个句子非常明确的指出了用于比较的数量（不管在什么位置什么成分），且可比，且没有歧义，就可以用", compared to", ", as compared to".

但是，你举出来的GWD17的问题在于——
"compared with a figure of nearly six hours a week in 1997"
注意："a figure of _______ in 1997"
读完这句话，我们知道这个figure是怎么定义的么？不知道。
从逻辑上讲，比较对象必须能够明确定义。

你再看看B选项："by 1997 that figure had grown to nearlysix hours a week"
这里用的是"that figure"，就毫无歧义地精确定义了这是一个什么figure

再看看下一道题，正确选项也是明确定义了的"as compared to 42 times their pay"
错误选项例如A "compared to a ratio of 42 times" 就没有定义清楚这是个什么ratio

-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/2/6 18:21:42)

Perfect Explanation~~~我怎么就看不出来捏？~~babybearmm，我要向你学习！

作者: 半阙 时间: 2012-2-6 20:40

另外你原来那道题目2008Prep Q181

建议你找个英英字典，查一下double作为动词的不同用法，比如，以下句子正确的：
The baby doubled its weight in the past year.
这里你如果理解为baby和its weight在比较，那就错了。
prep有道题目也是double的这种用法，我觉得仔细看字典就能总结出来了

-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/2/6 18:28:09)

我这就去查Longman~
不过double作动词，想起来OG上一道，当年愣是弄不清楚这个是怎么比的，后来才知道double是动词，more than作副词修饰double~~哈哈~
. Retail sales rose 0.8 of 1 percent in August, intensifying expectations that personal spending in the July–September quarter would more than doublethe 1.4 percent growth rate in personal spending for the previous quarter.

作者: babybearmm 时间: 2012-2-6 20:42
对！就这道题，你找到了。这也是"sth doubles its growth rate"
本来我也不太懂，那天和sophia在讨论，聊着聊着我们都懂了，这double作为及物动词的两种含义的确很tricky

-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/2/6 18:28:09)

-- by 会员半阙 (2012/2/6 20:40:17)

作者: 半阙 时间: 2012-2-6 21:31
对了，就是GWD这道题，你知道A为什么错了么？
我在另一张帖子上也有说：http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-654304-1-1.html

作者: eatGMAT 时间: 2012-2-16 18:30

你看这题这么做可不可以？
其实关于比较的问题，破题思路都是搞清楚什么和什么在比较。这题5个选项，A/B一组，C/D/E一组，前者double，后者twice。

I. 如果用double (as a verb)，正确的句子就应该是：
20 percent of S used C in 1979, doubling the percentage/number reported in ....
首先肯定是"comma, v-ing"（很典型的用法），不能跟不定式.
其次，什么东西double，应该是percentage double 或者 number double
而A里面those指代不明，可以是20 percent ofyoung adults 也可以是 young adults
这样就排除A/B。

2.如果用twice
还是要问，什么是什么的twice？
C/D/E都是twice打头的一截儿（暂且避免纠结独立主格的问题吧），我们还原成完成的句子吧. The author is trying to say:
Something is twice ...........................
有以下两种方式表达这个意思：

a) X is twice Y. Here X/Y should make logical sense. 就说例如不能X=apple, Y=pear, non-sense! X和Y都要是数量之类的可比的。
看E选项 (E) twice the number reported in the 1977 survey
Y= the number ( )
因为划线部分并不存在X（我们只是还原成完整句子帮助我们理解），所以我们只需要找到整个句子中是否存在符合逻辑的X来进行比较，发现了，有20 percent，这个和"the number ( )" 是可比的，没问题。
看(C) twice those the 1977 survey reported
Y=those ( )
那么还是有those指代不明确（歧义）的问题

b) X is twice as many/much as Y
这个表达也是可以的，这里X/Y是具体名词（例如apple/pear，而不是number这种抽象的）
many还是much取决于Y是否可数
(D) twice as much as those reported in the 1977 survey
这个those指代，可以是20 percent of young adults 也可以是 young adults
但不管指代什么，都可数，不能用much

总结：其实就是抓住the nature of comparison来解比较考点的题目
这句话，独立主格结构不是考点。

-- by 会员半阙 (2012/1/24 23:35:12)

-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/1/25 13:18:30)

解释的太清楚了

作者: lm5054 时间: 2012-3-23 20:32
都你妹大神啊。。。

作者: wangjieava23 时间: 2012-4-16 17:04
为什么我的 prep 2008 181 不是这个题。

作者: leonnong 时间: 2012-5-7 23:47

这题我对prep的解说保留意见.......
说我的理解谨供参考

(E) twice the number reported in the 1977 survey
独立主格的基本结构 noun + noun modifier （其中noun可以用pronoun替换）
衍生： with + noun + noun modifier
some of + noun + noun modifier 其中some of可以换成each of, all of, most of.....
.....
其实这个"twice"形式上和前面那个"some of"对等，可以这么理解。

你摘录的prep笔记上说“其中twice跳跃used cocaine修饰20 percent of young adults.””
我不认同，这里twice要说修饰，就是修饰后面的 "the number reported ..."
所以还是回到我刚才说的，"the number reported ..." 是独立主格的基本结构，前面加个twice，就跟加个"some of"道理一样，修饰后面的核心noun。

另外，我一直觉得咱很多人走入了一个误区——过分强调独立主格的“修饰”对象
独立主格本身并不是通常意义的modifier，不存在特定的修饰对象（例如一个noun）！独立主格就是对主句somehow起到补充说明解释的作用就行，至于somehow到什么程度、联系有多紧密、到底怎么说明解释的，We don't care!

His head held high, Owen walked out of the store.
这里可以理解成补充说明owen走出小店的状态，可谁要是说"his head held high"是修饰 walked这个动作，我坚决反对。"with his head held high" 这样的prep phrase才能作为modifier，单说"his head held high"根本就不能作为modifier。

Scientists reported that SVO, a finding that ...
这里独立主格结构"a finding that ...."就是补充说明前面的SVO——也就是归结为一个词的"finding"。谁要跟我说"a finding that ..."是修饰前面的SVO我就跟谁急！
就好比你说：“苹果——一种水果，有利于健康。”苹果是“一种水果”，可谁能说“一种水果”修饰苹果？
你可以说：“作为一种水果的苹果有利于健康。” 这里“作为一种水果的” 修饰“苹果”，这就对了。

真要说modifier，v-ing形式也好，participle也好，都有很严格的限制，比如逻辑主语、时态、逻辑含义等等。而独立主格没那么多严格的要求，somehow就行了。

-- by 会员半阙 (2012/1/24 23:35:12)

-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/1/25 11:55:44)

baby!好久没有上来讨论问题了，今天看到这道题觉得挺奇怪的就上来查一下，正巧就看到你的回答了！~哈哈
我有几个问题想跟你讨论一下！~
我觉得这道题很奇怪，因为“twice the number..."应该只能修饰跟在它前面的名词。
首先我觉得因为twice本身是adj，所以它不能作为副词修饰去修饰前面的某个成分，不像more than 它有adv的意思，所以可以作为副词修饰语修饰前面句子的某个成分。
前次，我就直接引用ron的原话了哈！~
if you say "twice as many", then this construction should be paired with a countable noun.
e.g., twice as many dogs --> "dogs" is a countable noun

if you said "twice as much", then this construction should be paired with an uncountable noun.
e.g., twice as much water --> "water" is an uncountable noun

if the noun in question is already an explicitly numerical quantity, then you should use neither "much" nor "many". instead, you should just use "twice" or "double" by itself.
e.g., twice the increase --> "increase" is an explicitly numerical quantity

these rules are followed pretty closely.
so, for instance:
twice as much water --> correct, since "water" is an uncountable noun (but is not an explicitly numerical quantity)
twice the water... --> incorrect, since water is not a numerical quantity

twice as much as the increase... --> incorrect; redundant
twice the increase... --> correct.

&

if you're going to say COMMA + "twice as many as...", then that's incorrect unless there's actually a quantity in front of the comma.
e.g.
last year i read 40 books, twice as many as i read in the preceding year
--> correct
last year the number of books i read increased dramatically, twice as many as i read in the preceding year
--> incorrect.

根据ron说的呢，首先twice as many as 只能修饰它前面的名词，然后如果twice as many as后接的是 "explicitly numerical quantity“像这道题就是number本身了，那么就应该把as many as 去掉正如E所表示的"twice the number...."所以还是应该修饰它前面的1979呀！~真的很奇怪！~

另外，我觉得baby那那个例子Scientists reported that SVO, a finding that 应该是同位语吧~
因为the absolute phrase modifies the ACTION of the preceding clause, while the appositive gives more information about a THING/ENTITY/CONCEPT.
而 a finding是一个抽象的名词，所以它可以修饰前面的一整句话！
转至ron的原话~
COMMA + ABSTRACT NOUN is allowed to stand for the ENTIRE IDEA OF THE PRECEDING CLAUSE.

examples:

the coach tried to put 5 receivers on the line, a strategy that failed.
--> here, "a strategy" (an ABSTRACT noun) stands for the WHOLE IDEA of putting 5 receivers on the line.

X observed large concentrations of metals in the sediments, findings consistent with...
in this case, "findings" (an abstract noun) stands for the WHOLE IDEA of observing large concentrations of blah blah blah.

作者: babybearmm 时间: 2012-5-9 03:52

-- by 会员半阙 (2012/1/24 23:35:12)

-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/1/25 11:55:44)

baby!好久没有上来讨论问题了，今天看到这道题觉得挺奇怪的就上来查一下，正巧就看到你的回答了！~哈哈
我有几个问题想跟你讨论一下！~
我觉得这道题很奇怪，因为“twice the number..."应该只能修饰跟在它前面的名词。
首先我觉得因为twice本身是adj，所以它不能作为副词修饰去修饰前面的某个成分，不像more than 它有adv的意思，所以可以作为副词修饰语修饰前面句子的某个成分。
前次，我就直接引用ron的原话了哈！~
if you say "twice as many", then this construction should be paired with a countable noun.
e.g., twice as many dogs --> "dogs" is a countable noun

if you said "twice as much", then this construction should be paired with an uncountable noun.
e.g., twice as much water --> "water" is an uncountable noun

if the noun in question is already an explicitly numerical quantity, then you should use neither "much" nor "many". instead, you should just use "twice" or "double" by itself.
e.g., twice the increase --> "increase" is an explicitly numerical quantity

these rules are followed pretty closely.
so, for instance:
twice as much water --> correct, since "water" is an uncountable noun (but is not an explicitly numerical quantity)
twice the water... --> incorrect, since water is not a numerical quantity

twice as much as the increase... --> incorrect; redundant
twice the increase... --> correct.

&

if you're going to say COMMA + "twice as many as...", then that's incorrect unless there's actually a quantity in front of the comma.
e.g.
last year i read 40 books, twice as many as i read in the preceding year
--> correct
last year the number of books i read increased dramatically, twice as many as i read in the preceding year
--> incorrect.

根据ron说的呢，首先twice as many as 只能修饰它前面的名词，然后如果twice as many as后接的是 "explicitly numerical quantity“像这道题就是number本身了，那么就应该把as many as 去掉正如E所表示的"twice the number...."所以还是应该修饰它前面的1979呀！~真的很奇怪！~

"twice the number"里面的"the number"对应于前面的"about 20 percent"，也就是the percentage of young adults using cocaine.
1979是年份，不是number.
这里有且仅有一个number，没有歧义。你引用的Ron的解释说得很好。

另外，我觉得baby那那个例子Scientists reported that SVO, a finding that 应该是同位语吧~
因为the absolute phrase modifies the ACTION of the preceding clause, while the appositive gives more information about a THING/ENTITY/CONCEPT.
而 a finding是一个抽象的名词，所以它可以修饰前面的一整句话！
转至ron的原话~
COMMA + ABSTRACT NOUN is allowed to stand for the ENTIRE IDEA OF THE PRECEDING CLAUSE.

examples:

the coach tried to put 5 receivers on the line, a strategy that failed.
--> here, "a strategy" (an ABSTRACT noun) stands for the WHOLE IDEA of putting 5 receivers on the line.

X observed large concentrations of metals in the sediments, findings consistent with...
in this case, "findings" (an abstract noun) stands for the WHOLE IDEA of observing large concentrations of blah blah blah.

你说得对，谢谢~~这是我很早之前的贴子了，当初我误以为同位语和独立主格是同一个东东的不同语法术语，汗-_-

-- by 会员 leonnong (2012/5/7 23:47:53)

作者: wangjieava23 时间: 2012-5-16 07:43
我发现我的乌鸦嘴的天性又爆发了。这题不是选A吗？

Manhattan 论坛上的答案是A 呀

汗不是一道题

The number of people flying first class on domestic flights rose sharply in 1990, doubling the increase of the previous year.
A. doubling the increase of
B. doubling that of the increase in
C. double as much as the increase of
D. twice as many as the increase in
E. twice as many as the increase of

作者: 半阙 时间: 2012-5-16 15:04
[quote]
我发现我的乌鸦嘴的天性又爆发了

呵呵~~的确不是一道题
LS好可爱的说~~

作者: 123cba 时间: 2012-8-6 01:14

首先我觉得因为twice本身是adj，所以它不能作为副词修饰去修饰前面的某个成分，不像more than 它有adv的意思，所以可以作为副词修饰语修饰前面句子的某个成分。

twice本身是副词啊，不是形容词啊

作者: yuwt2012 时间: 2013-11-14 09:21
我觉得这个有点像曼哈顿笔记里说的处理代词问题的最好办法是“消灭”代词，把想要指代的先行词在原代词位置上再说一遍。

作者: 奔奔宝贝 时间: 2013-12-2 14:37

半阙发表于 2012-2-6 11:37
又找到一题~~A recent review of pay scales indicates that CEO's now earn an average of 419 times more ...

有点问题，待解答：这个句子的划线部分是“ that CEO's now earn an average of 419 times more pay than blue-collar workers, compared to a ratio of 42 time”吧，
（1）那么C中的their指谁？
（2）the ratio是做同位语吗？
（3）419times more pay than 和419times the pay of 意思一样吗？请看帖X IS 3 TIMES MORE THAN Y 到底是什么意思.在线等答案.
http://forum.chasedream.com/foru ... &fromuid=924149

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