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标题: [求助]几道og罗辑真题求教?og-175,og-176,og-177,og-178 [打印本页]

作者: fernandochang 时间: 2003-6-16 19:52
标题: [求助]几道og罗辑真题求教?og-175,og-176,og-177,og-178
+-老美写的看来像天书......不懂! 还望高手帮忙! 谢谢!

175. Parasitic wasps lay their eggs directly into the eggs of various host insects in exactly the right numbers for any suitable size of host egg. If they laid too many eggs in a host egg, the developing wasp larvae would compete with each other to the death for nutrients and space. If too few eggs were laid, portions of the host egg would decay, killing the wasp larvae.

Which of the following conclusions can properly be drawn from the information above?

(A) The size of the smallest host egg that a wasp could theoretically parasitize can be determined from the wasp's egg-laying behavior.
(B) Host insects lack any effective defenses against the form of predation practiced by parasitic wasps.
(C) Parasitic wasps learn from experience how many eggs to lay into the eggs of different host species.
(D) Failure to lay enough eggs would lead to the death of the developing wasp larvae more quickly than would laying too many eggs.
(E) Parasitic wasps use visual clues to calculate the size of a host egg.

176. Northern Air has dozens of flights daily into and out of Belleville Airport, which is highly congested. Northern Air depends for its success on economy and quick turnaround and consequently is planning to replace its large planes with Skybuses, whose novel aerodynamic design is extremely fuel efficient. The Skybus's fuel efficiency results in both lower fuel costs and reduced time spent refueling.

Which of the following, if true, could present the most serious disadvantage for Northern Air in replacing their large planes with Skybuses?

(A) The Skybus would enable Northern Air to schedule direct flights to destinations that currently require stops for refueling.
(B) Aviation fuel is projected to decline in price over the next several years.
(C) The fuel efficiency of the Skybus would enable Northern Air to eliminate refueling at some of its destinations, but several mechanics would lose their jobs.
(D) None of Northern Air's competitors that use Belleville Airport are considering buying Skybuses.
(E) The aerodynamic design of the Skybus causes turbulence behind it when taking off that forces other planes on the runway to delay their takeoffs.

177. Products sold under a brand name used to command premium prices because, in general, they were superior to nonbrand rival products. Technical expertise in product development has become so widespread, however, that special quality advantages are very hard to obtain these days and even harder to maintain. As a consequence, brand-name products generally neither offer higher quality nor sell at higher prices. Paradoxically, brand names are a bigger marketing advantage than ever.

Which of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the paradox outlined above?

(A) Brand names are taken by consumers as a guarantee of getting a product as good as the best rival products.
(B) Consumers recognize that the quality of products sold under invariant brand names can drift over time.
(C) In many acquisitions of one corporation by another, the acquiring corporation is interested more in acquiring the right to use certain brand names than in acquiring existing production facilities.
(D) In the days when special quality advantages were easier to obtain than they are now, it was also easier to get new brand names established.
(E) The advertising of a company's brand-name products is at times transferred to a new advertising agency, especially when sales are declining.

178. In countries in which new life-sustaining drugs cannot be patented, such drugs are sold at widely affordable prices; those same drugs, where patented, command premium prices because the patents shield patent-holding manufacturers from competitors. These facts show that future access to new life-sustaining drugs can be improved if the practice of granting patents on newly developed life-sustaining drugs were to be abolished everywhere.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

(A) In countries in which life-sustaining drugs cannot be patented, their manufacture is nevertheless a profitable enterprise.
(B) Countries that do not currently grant patents on life-sustaining drugs are, for the most part, countries with large populations.
(C) In some countries specific processes for the manufacture of pharmaceutical drugs can be patented even in cases in which the drugs themselves cannot be patented.
(D) Pharmaceutical companies can afford the research that goes into the development of new drugs only if patents allow them to earn high profits.
(E) Countries that grant patents on life-sustaining drugs almost always ban their importation from countries that do not grant such patents

作者: linlin315 时间: 2003-6-18 19:15
归纳题：文中的意思是一种寄生的黄蜂把它的蛋直接下到寄主昆虫的蛋里，而数目适合寄主蛋的大小。因为无论下的多了还是少了都会杀死它的卵。所以推出Awasp的下蛋行为决定了他所需要的寄主蛋的大小的最小值。
B lack effective defenses，C learn from experience, E use visualclues文中并未涉及。D提出了一个文中没有的比较。
所以答案是A

以下是引用fernandochang在2003-6-16 19:52:00的发言：
175. Parasitic wasps lay their eggs directly into the eggs of various host insects in exactly the right numbers for any suitable size of host egg. If they laid too many eggs in a host egg, the developing wasp larvae would compete with each other to the death for nutrients and space. If too few eggs were laid, portions of the host egg would decay, killing the wasp larvae.

Which of the following conclusions can properly be drawn from the information above?

(A) The size of the smallest host egg that a wasp could theoretically parasitize can be determined from the wasp's egg-laying behavior.
(B) Host insects lack any effective defenses against the form of predation practiced by parasitic wasps.
(C) Parasitic wasps learn from experience how many eggs to lay into the eggs of different host species.
(D) Failure to lay enough eggs would lead to the death of the developing wasp larvae more quickly than would laying too many eggs.
(E) Parasitic wasps use visual clues to calculate the size of a host egg.

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-6-18 19:16:09编辑过]

作者: linlin315 时间: 2003-6-18 19:31
这道题是一道措施达目的的题，北方航空公司用了更为省燃料的Skybuses代替以前的飞机来达到减少拥挤的目的。这是一道削弱题，它选项的方向多为是该措施不可行。而选项E指出这种飞机延长了其他飞机起飞的时间就是再说该措施不能很好的达到减少拥挤的目的。

以下是引用fernandochang在2003-6-16 19:52:00的发言：
176. Northern Air has dozens of flights daily into and out of Belleville Airport, which is highly congested. Northern Air depends for its success on economy and quick turnaround and consequently is planning to replace its large planes with Skybuses, whose novel aerodynamic design is extremely fuel efficient. The Skybus's fuel efficiency results in both lower fuel costs and reduced time spent refueling.

Which of the following, if true, could present the most serious disadvantage for Northern Air in replacing their large planes with Skybuses?

(A) The Skybus would enable Northern Air to schedule direct flights to destinations that currently require stops for refueling.
(B) Aviation fuel is projected to decline in price over the next several years.
(C) The fuel efficiency of the Skybus would enable Northern Air to eliminate refueling at some of its destinations, but several mechanics would lose their jobs.
(D) None of Northern Air's competitors that use Belleville Airport are considering buying Skybuses.
(E) The aerodynamic design of the Skybus causes turbulence behind it when taking off that forces other planes on the runway to delay their takeoffs.

作者: linlin315 时间: 2003-6-18 19:45
文中的矛盾就是名牌产品的实际质量和价格都没有提高和名牌的营销优势反而更强了。
答案A解释了这个矛盾，A指出消费者把名牌作为最好产品的保证。（就是再说虽然产品的实际质量没有提高但是名牌产品在消费者心目中的知觉质量却是很高的，所以名牌的营销优势才会加强）

以下是引用fernandochang在2003-6-16 19:52:00的发言：
177. Products sold under a brand name used to command premium prices because, in general, they were superior to nonbrand rival products. Technical expertise in product development has become so widespread, however, that special quality advantages are very hard to obtain these days and even harder to maintain. As a consequence, brand-name products generally neither offer higher quality nor sell at higher prices. Paradoxically, brand names are a bigger marketing advantage than ever.

Which of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the paradox outlined above?

(A) Brand names are taken by consumers as a guarantee of getting a product as good as the best rival products.
(B) Consumers recognize that the quality of products sold under invariant brand names can drift over time.
(C) In many acquisitions of one corporation by another, the acquiring corporation is interested more in acquiring the right to use certain brand names than in acquiring existing production facilities.
(D) In the days when special quality advantages were easier to obtain than they are now, it was also easier to get new brand names established.
(E) The advertising of a company's brand-name products is at times transferred to a new advertising agency, especially when sales are declining.

[此贴子已经被作者于2003-6-18 19:45:14编辑过]

作者: linlin315 时间: 2003-6-18 20:13
文中的结论是取消了专利就可以更为容易的获得new drugs。
A中的是否是盈利实体B中的是否是人口大国C中的是否授予processes专利和E中的禁止进口都不能削弱文章的结论。
D指出如果专利容许获利的话，companies就可以支付研发的费用进而研发出更多的新药。削弱了文章的结论。

以下是引用fernandochang在2003-6-16 19:52:00的发言：
178. In countries in which new life-sustaining drugs cannot be patented, such drugs are sold at widely affordable prices; those same drugs, where patented, command premium prices because the patents shield patent-holding manufacturers from competitors. These facts show that future access to new life-sustaining drugs can be improved if the practice of granting patents on newly developed life-sustaining drugs were to be abolished everywhere.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

(A) In countries in which life-sustaining drugs cannot be patented, their manufacture is nevertheless a profitable enterprise.
(B) Countries that do not currently grant patents on life-sustaining drugs are, for the most part, countries with large populations.
(C) In some countries specific processes for the manufacture of pharmaceutical drugs can be patented even in cases in which the drugs themselves cannot be patented.
(D) Pharmaceutical companies can afford the research that goes into the development of new drugs only if patents allow them to earn high profits.
(E) Countries that grant patents on life-sustaining drugs almost always ban their importation from countries that do not grant such patents

作者: fbfamous 时间: 2004-11-16 10:58

请教那个177题的B是不是说：消费者认为固定品派下的产品质量会越来越好呢？那个drift和invariant不太清楚怎么说？

请教请教

作者: LISAYUAN750616 时间: 2004-11-16 12:24
归纳题：文中的意思是一种寄生的黄蜂把它的蛋直接下到寄主昆虫的蛋里，而数目适合寄主蛋的大小。因为无论下的多了还是少了都会杀死它的卵。所以推出Awasp的下蛋行为决定了他所需要的寄主蛋的大小的最小值。
B lack effective defenses，C learn from experience, E use visualclues文中并未涉及。D提出了一个文中没有的比较。
所以答案是A

为什么　C不对呢，我想它能够准确的下到寄主昆虫的蛋里，那一定是从经验知道应该下多少啦！

谢谢！

作者: rings 时间: 2004-11-19 19:55

以下是引用LISAYUAN750616在2004-11-16 12:24:00的发言：
归纳题：文中的意思是一种寄生的黄蜂把它的蛋直接下到寄主昆虫的蛋里，而数目适合寄主蛋的大小。因为无论下的多了还是少了都会杀死它的卵。所以推出Awasp的下蛋行为决定了他所需要的寄主蛋的大小的最小值。
B lack effective defenses，C learn from experience, E use visualclues文中并未涉及。D提出了一个文中没有的比较。
所以答案是A

为什么　C不对呢，我想它能够准确的下到寄主昆虫的蛋里，那一定是从经验知道应该下多少啦！

谢谢！

用og的话来说,有可能是inborn abilities,

注意,此题是推论题,

作者: david_348 时间: 2004-11-28 20:17
请注意看og的解释，it is theoretically possible to determine what size of host egg would be required for a single wasp egg；这题目出的真牛！！

作者: xionghuixh 时间: 2004-12-10 05:18

178, In some countries specific processes for the manufacture of pharmaceutical drugs can be patented even in cases in which the drugs themselves cannot be patented.

为什么不对?

作者: xionghuixh 时间: 2004-12-10 06:15

176还是没弄懂

(A) The Skybus would enable Northern Air to schedule direct flights to destinations that currently require stops for refueling

我觉得也对,为什么不对?

作者: xionghuixh 时间: 2004-12-10 06:19

OG解释: Choice A and C are incorrect since the ability to have more destinations served by direct flights (choice A)

这是什么意思?

作者: xionghuixh 时间: 2004-12-10 06:29

B) Consumers recognize that the quality of products sold under invariant brand names can drift over time

drift 这里是什么意思,怎没人回??

作者: leojin 时间: 2005-5-12 14:13

D) Pharmaceutical companies can afford the research that goes into the development of new drugs only if patents allow them to earn high profits

请注意D选项，我看到ONLY IF的时候心头一震，这也是我选择D的理由；

C肯定是削弱的，但看D，如果文章的结论是真的，则ONLY IF后面的条件不存在，则医药公司就没有钱开发新药了……所以这个削弱比上一个更强烈，个人理解

作者: 我爱欧洲 时间: 2005-5-16 22:30

以下是引用xionghuixh在2004-12-10 6:15:00的发言：

176还是没弄懂

(A) The Skybus would enable Northern Air to schedule direct flights to destinations that currently require stops for refueling

我觉得也对,为什么不对?

skybus 使北航计划开辟到目的地的直航，而目前到这些地方的飞机需要中途加油。

这是采用skybus的一个优势，不可能削弱结论。

作者: 我爱欧洲 时间: 2005-5-16 22:50
178题提问是Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument？突然想到，既然conclusion是argument的一部分，那如果问Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument？这两种提问有区别吗？

作者: lindazhou 时间: 2005-6-27 10:12

178,These facts show that future access to new life-sustaining drugs can be improved if the practice of granting patents on newly developed life-sustaining drugs were to be abolished everywhere.

文中的结论是取消了专利就可以更为容易的获得new drugs。如何理解access?

作者: foreinter 时间: 2005-7-11 15:04

以下是引用lindazhou在2005-6-27 10:12:00的发言：

178,These facts show that future access to new life-sustaining drugs can be improved if the practice of granting patents on newly developed life-sustaining drugs were to be abolished everywhere.

文中的结论是取消了专利就可以更为容易的获得new drugs。如何理解access?

题目中说没授予专利的药便宜，授予专利的药贵，所以取消后很多人都可以使用

作者: EASYSUMMER 时间: 2005-7-13 01:37
178。 ACCESS 接触到，使用，获得

作者: bobbymkk 时间: 2005-7-13 12:02

以下是引用linlin315在2003-6-18 19:15:00的发言：
归纳题：文中的意思是一种寄生的黄蜂把它的蛋直接下到寄主昆虫的蛋里，而数目适合寄主蛋的大小。因为无论下的多了还是少了都会杀死它的卵。所以推出Awasp的下蛋行为决定了他所需要的寄主蛋的大小的最小值。
B lack effective defenses，C learn from experience, E use visualclues文中并未涉及。D提出了一个文中没有的比较。
所以答案是A

文中的the right numbers for any suitable size of host egg 与后面的下得要不多不少,怎么推出A中的最小值这个概念?

作者: swlfx 时间: 2005-7-31 10:39
同问，这道题很糊涂。

作者: swlfx 时间: 2005-7-31 10:41

以下是引用我爱欧洲在2005-5-16 22:30:00的发言：

skybus 使北航计划开辟到目的地的直航，而目前到这些地方的飞机需要中途加油。

这是采用skybus的一个优势，不可能削弱结论。

同意，有支持作用。

作者: iwillfly 时间: 2005-8-13 20:54
178题哪位NN能再帮忙解释一下?还是没看懂

作者: momoyu 时间: 2005-9-25 10:41

175: I think both B and C are acceptable

BTW,这几题真是让人晕菜

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-9-25 10:43:54编辑过]

作者: baobeiyou 时间: 2005-11-18 04:26

顶。我也觉得178的c很有道理：即便drug取消了patent, 可是如果它的生产过程中的一些环节仍然patented,那么future access to new drugs还是不会提高的。这不是削弱了题目中的argument：如果取消了drug patent,就能提高new drug的future access。

请问c 哪里不对呢？

作者: rosmarine 时间: 2006-1-11 17:56
同楼上的。我开始也选了C，后来看看解释觉得D更对，但C似乎也有一定的道理。。。谁能指点一下？

作者: rosmarine 时间: 2006-1-13 07:23
up啊~~~

作者: besideMars 时间: 2006-2-21 16:30

关于175题的“最小值”和“from the wasp's egg-laying behavior”问题，还是不清楚，并且对ETS中A的解释也是一头雾水

有没有NN帮忙看看？？？

作者: numberunique 时间: 2006-5-13 11:25
176的A 不太清楚

作者: anniya 时间: 2006-7-10 14:06

以下是引用xionghuixh在2004-12-10 6:29:00的发言：

B) Consumers recognize that the quality of products sold under invariant brand names can drift over time

drift 这里是什么意思,怎没人回??

what does it mean???

作者: mariewoo 时间: 2006-7-23 10:50
176。C选项为什么不行呢？
but指出的内容不是可以削弱么？
请指教，谢谢！

作者: mariewoo 时间: 2006-7-23 14:56
up

作者: mariewoo 时间: 2006-7-25 02:12
ding……

作者: 誓不低头的重生 时间: 2006-10-30 23:02

178中的These facts show that future access to new life-sustaining drugs can be improved if the practice of granting patents on newly developed life-sustaining drugs were to be abolished everywhere.
如何翻译？

尤其if从句后面的我的理解the practice 是主语但是和后面的were 不是主谓不一致吗？

作者: ana9 时间: 2006-11-11 14:41
178.

*题型 & 方法: Weaken; 他因-其他可能

*解释:

方法-->目的，而方法是取消或禁止，则证明该方法是达到目的前提或基础假设，不可以没有;

abolish
patent to new drugs --> improve access to new drugs. Actually, no patent, no new drugs =
reduced access 事与愿违

作者: KATIEUS 时间: 2006-11-18 17:29

以下是引用mariewoo在2006-7-23 10:50:00的发言：
176。C选项为什么不行呢？
but指出的内容不是可以削弱么？
请指教，谢谢！

前半句是对该计划的优势，后半句是无关，因为所涉及的对象以不再是该计划，而是MECHANICS。

作者: KATIEUS 时间: 2006-12-2 07:08

再次请教178 的C选项？

困惑很久了？

作者: KATIEUS 时间: 2006-12-2 07:10

(C) In some countries specific processes for the manufacture of pharmaceutical drugs can be patented even in cases in which the drugs themselves cannot be patented.

Choice C is incorrect since the possibility of patenting manufacturing processes introduces some limitation to the benefits of abolishing patents on the drugs, but does not mean that there would be no benefits.

绿色为OG的解释

不大明白

作者: KATIEUS 时间: 2006-12-2 07:11

作者: cccccc0 时间: 2006-12-6 23:40

178. In countries in which new life-sustaining drugs cannot be patented, such drugs are sold at widely affordable prices; those same drugs, where patented, command premium prices because the patents shield patent-holding manufacturers from competitors. These facts show that future access to new life-sustaining drugs can be improved if the practice of granting patents on newly developed life-sustaining drugs were to be abolished everywhere.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

(A) In countries in which life-sustaining drugs cannot be patented, their manufacture is nevertheless a profitable enterprise.
(B) Countries that do not currently grant patents on life-sustaining drugs are, for the most part, countries with large populations.
(C) In some countries specific processes for the manufacture of pharmaceutical drugs can be patented even in cases in which the drugs themselves cannot be patented.
(D) Pharmaceutical companies can afford the research that goes into the development of new drugs only if patents allow them to earn high profits.
(E) Countries that grant patents on life-sustaining drugs almost always ban their importation from countries that do not grant such patents

(C) In some countries specific processes for the manufacture of pharmaceutical drugs can be patented even in cases in which the drugs themselves cannot be patented.

下面我只是就事论事，说说C选项~~我也是想了好久呢~~一点愚见o~~

这题的目的是weaken 消除pantent-->更多的access to new drug.也就是说我们要weaken 消除patent have benefits 如果我们找到了消除patent会导致no benifit，即找到了答案

C的意思是在一些国家，specific processes for the manufacture of pharmaceutical drugs 可以被patented，尽管由这些processes做出来的药本身在某些情况下并不能patented.

一些自身不能被patented的药，却可以对治药的processes进行patent,为什么自身不能被patent呢？因为patent这些药得权利被政府abolish了，但即使药的patent权利被abolish了，对制造这些药的processes还是可以patent得，所以就说明了patent还是有点好处的（因为只有patent是有利的，政府才会去patent，我觉得理解这点比较的重要），也就是OG里面说的limitation to the benefits of abolishing patents on the drugs.但是虽然可以patent制药的过程有点好处的，但是我们并不能推出abolish patents on the drugs就一点好处都没有了~~我觉得这个可能就是OG的解释的意思吧

不过我觉得C完全可以当作无关选项来处理，因为提干和process是没有关系的,考试的时候如果这样想，会疯的~~