ChaseDream
标题: 【每日逻辑练习第二季】【3-2】 [打印本页]
作者: UlysessHope 时间: 2012-1-21 21:09
标题: 【每日逻辑练习第二季】【3-2】
明天就是除夕夜啦~~先祝大家春节快乐！
【精练】
1. Industry experts expect improvements in job safety
training to lead to safer work environments. A recent
survey indicated, however, that for manufacturers
who improved job safety training during the 1980s,
the number of on-the-job accidents tended to
increase in the months immediately following the
changes in the training programs.
Which one of the following, if true, most helps to
resolve the apparent discrepancy in the passage
above?
(A) A similar survey found that the number of onthe-
job accidents remained constant after job
safety training in the transportation sector
was improved.
(B) Manufacturers tend to improve their job safety
training only when they are increasing the
size of their workforce.
(C) Manufacturers tend to improve job safety
training only after they have noticed that the
number of on-the-job accidents has
increased.
(D) It is likely that the increase in the number of
on-the-job accidents experienced by many
companies was not merely a random
fluctuation.
(E) Significant safety measures, such as protective
equipment and government safety
inspections, were in place well before the
improvements in job safety training.
【逻辑链】
97. (33058-!-item-!-188;#058&007111) (GWD 3-Q2)
Hunter: Hunters alone are blamed for the decline in Greenrock National Forest's deer population over the past ten years. Yet clearly, black bears have also played an important role in this decline. In the past ten years, the forest's protected black bear population has risen sharply, and examination of black bears found dead in the forest during the deer hunting season showed that a number of them had recently fed on deer.
In the hunter's argument, the boldface portion plays which of the following roles?
A. It is the main conclusion of the argument.
B. It is an objection that has been raised against the main conclusion of the argument.
C. It is a judgment that the argument opposes.
D. It is a finding that the argument seeks to explain.
E. It provides evidence in support of the main conclusion of the argument.
98. (32682-!-item-!-188;#058&006783) (GWD 28-Q29)
Early in the twentieth century, Lake Konfa became very polluted. Recently fish populations have recovered as release of industrial pollutants has declined and the lake’s waters have become cleaner. Fears are now being voiced that the planned construction of an oil pipeline across the lake’s bottom might revive pollution and cause the fish population to decline again. However, a technology for preventing leaks is being installed. Therefore, provided this technology is effective, those fears are groundless.
The argument depends on assuming which of the following?
A. Apart from development related to the pipeline, there will be no new industrial development around the lake that will create renewed pollution in its waters.
B. There is no reason to believe that the leak-preventing technology would be ineffective when installed in the pipeline in Lake Konfa.
C. The bottom of the lake does not contain toxic remnants of earlier pollution that will be stirred into the water by pipeline construction.
D. Damage to the lake’s fish populations would be the only harm that a leak of oil from the pipeline would cause.
E. The species of fish that are present in Lake Konfa now are the same as those that were in the lake before it was affected by pollution.
99. (29812-!-item-!-188;#058&004367) (GWD 12-Q22)
Denoma, a major consumer-electronics maker, had a sizable decline in sales revenue for its most recent fiscal year. This result appears surprising, because electronics retailers report that although their overall sales were considerably lower than in the previous year, their sales revenue from Denoma models actually grew, largely thanks to some innovative and popular models that Denoma introduced.
Which of the following, if true, does most to explain the apparently surprising result?
A. Because of the need to educate the public about its new models’ capabilities, Denoma’s advertising spending was higher than normal over the period.
B. For the period at issue, Denoma’s major competitors reported declines in revenue that were, in percentage terms, greater than Denoma’s.
C. A significant proportion of Denoma’s revenue comes from making components for other consumer-electronics manufacturers.
D. Unlike some of its major competitors, Denoma has no lines of business outside consumer electronics to provide revenue when retail sales of consumer electronics are weak.
E. During the period, consumer-electronics retailers sold remaining units of Denoma’s superseded models at prices that were deeply discounted from those models’ original prices.
100. (31888-!-item-!-188;#058&006228) (GWD 3-Q17)
Brochure: Help conserve our city’s water supply. By converting the landscaping in your yard to a water-conserving landscape, you can greatly reduce your outdoor water use. A water-conserving landscape is natural and attractive, and it also saves you money.
Criticism: For most people with yards, the savings from converting to a water-conserving landscape cannot justify the expense of new landscaping, since typically the conversion would save less than twenty dollars on a homeowner’s yearly water bills.
Which of the following, if true, provides the best basis for a rebuttal of the criticism?
A. Even homeowners whose yards do not have water-conserving landscapes can conserve water by installing water-saving devices in their homes.
B. A conventional landscape generally requires a much greater expenditure on fertilizer and herbicide than does a water-conserving landscape.
C. A significant proportion of the residents of the city live in buildings that do not have yards.
D. It costs no more to put in water-conserving landscaping than it does to put in conventional landscaping.
E. Some homeowners use more water to maintain their yards than they use for all other purposes combined.
作者: UlysessHope 时间: 2012-1-21 21:10
逻辑链KEY：ACCB
精练解析：
Question #1. Resolve. October 2003 LSAT, Section 1, #4. The correct answer choice is (B)
The paradox in the stimulus is: for manufacturers who improved job safety training during the 1980s there
was an increase in the number of on-the-job accidents.
Answer choice (A): This answer does not provide an explanation for the paradox in the stimulus. Some
students eliminate this answer because it addresses the transportation industry, but information about the
transportation industry could be used to analogically explain the issue in the manufacturing industry (but,
to be correct the answer would have to offer some further relevant parallel between the two industries).
Answer choice (B): This is the correct answer. If the workforce is increasing, more accidents would be
expected. Thus, safety training could improve the safety of the work environment (as measured by average
number of accidents per worker, for example) while at the same time the number of total accidents could
increase. Because this answer allows both sides to be true and it explains the circumstance in the stimulus,
this answer is correct. In Chapter Fifteen we will discuss average versus total numbers, and that will
further explain the construction of this question.
Answer choice (C): This would explain an increase in accidents before job safety training, but the issue in
the stimulus is an increase after the safety training.
Answer choice (D): This answer further confuses the issue. If the fluctuation was random, that could
explain how an increase in accidents could follow safety training. By stating that the increase was not
random, a possible cause of the scenario is eliminated.
Answer choice (E): This answer shows that the level of safety was at least minimal prior to the safety
training, but this does not help explain why an increase in accidents followed the training.
作者: 泾渭不凡 时间: 2012-1-22 18:23
标题: 谢谢LZ，龙年快乐呦~
精炼
premise：improvements in job safety training ----> safer work environments
conclusion：manufacturers who improved job safety training during the 1980s
---->
the number of on-the-job accidents tended to increase
answer：其他原因和事故增加相关。（这里貌似不可以质疑假设前提，求指教）
饭饭选择B。（差点选C~~~）
作者: fox0923 时间: 2012-1-25 07:30
Premise: The job safety trainning has been improved.
Conclusion: The on-site accidents are increased.
Prephrase: Other reasons such as labor or improper training.
Analysis：(A) A similar survey found that the number of onthe-
job accidents remained constant after job
safety training in the transportation sector
was improved.
没有解释原因。
(B) Manufacturers tend to improve their job safety
training only when they are increasing the
size of their workforce.
这解释了accident增加的原因。
(C) Manufacturers tend to improve job safety
training only after they have noticed that the
number of on-the-job accidents has
increased.
不正确，开头明明说了training可以保障safety。
(D) It is likely that the increase in the number of
on-the-job accidents experienced by many
companies was not merely a random
fluctuation.
错误。无关选项，小几率事件。
(E) Significant safety measures, such as protective
equipment and government safety
inspections, were in place well before the
improvements in job safety training.
没有解释paradox。
作者: 泾渭不凡 时间: 2012-1-25 13:01
。。。正确的格式到底是什么。。。？
。。。
。。。
作者: jxw5375 时间: 2012-1-26 04:29
On 97, which part is boldface?
作者: fox0923 时间: 2012-1-26 08:09
。。。正确的格式到底是什么。。。？
。。。
。。。
-- by 会员 泾渭不凡 (2012/1/25 13:01:32)
作者: 泾渭不凡 时间: 2012-1-26 14:54
。。。正确的格式到底是什么。。。？
。。。
。。。
-- by 会员 泾渭不凡 (2012/1/25 13:01:32)
没什么正确的格式阿，主要写出premise，time, conclusion，background, prephrase and analysis of 5 choices. 再不然回去总链接看看sample就好了。
-- by 会员 fox0923 (2012/1/26 8:09:54)
~谢谢fox姐姐~~
作者: evamimi 时间: 2012-1-31 16:05
找不到3-1了，直接3-2吧~
P: improvements in job safety
training to lead to safer work environments
C: for manufacturers
who improved job safety training during the 1980s,
the number of on-the-job accidents tended to
increase in the months immediately following the
changes in the training programs.
Prephase: Training lead to safer work environments
Training lead to on-the job accidents increase in the months immediately following the changes in the training programs
Answer: B(本来想选C来着，但是C中说的是出事之后才培训，那么理论上看来就应该能控制出事量，但是B也觉得怪，好像哪里有过类似的题）
作者: wwu2010 时间: 2012-4-4 04:27
B 在工作中 改进安全培训, 可以导致安全工作环境
P 调查显示,在接受安全培训一个月后, 工作中事故的数量好增加了
解释矛盾
A 只是指出另外一个现象,没有解释矛盾
B 正确, 解释了原因, 因为整体工作量大, 所以事故数量多了, 只是绝对数多了,相对数不一定.
C没解释矛盾
D也没解释
E没解释,并且说在训练之前怎样,无关
作者: 五月冰寒 时间: 2012-7-30 05:10
怎么看不到选项
作者: yangreat 时间: 2012-11-5 18:36
精炼
0:26
完整版
Background Information: Industry experts expect improvements
in job safety training to lead to safer work environments.
Fact: A recent survey indicated, however, that for
manufacturers who improved job safety training during the
1980s, the number of on-the-job accidents tended to
increase in the months immediately following the changes in
the training programs.
精简版
The number of on-the-job accidents tended to increase after
the safety training.
有可能是工人们不熟悉正确的操作。
错选d
扩招劳动力后，劳动力整体增加，在岗事故率就会增加。尽管有了安
全培训，事故率减小，但是劳动力基数扩大导致在岗事故依然有可能
增加。
逻辑链
97
0:36
黑体字：
black bears have also played an important role in this
decline.
完整版：
Background Information: Hunters alone are blamed for the decline in Greenrock National Forest's deer population over the past ten years. Yet clearly, black bears have also played an important role in this decline.
Fact: In the past ten years, the forest's protected black bear population has risen sharply, and examination of black bears found dead in the forest during the deer hunting season showed that a number of them had recently fed on deer.
精简版：
Hunters thought that the rise of bear population also leads to the decline of deer population.
选A
98
0:30
完整版
Background Information: Early in the twentieth century, Lake Konfa became very polluted.
Background Information:Recently fish populations have recovered as release of industrial pollutants has declined and the lake’s waters have become cleaner.
Premise: Fears are now being voiced that the planned construction of an oil pipeline across the lake’s bottom might revive pollution and cause the fish population to decline again.
Premise: However, a technology for preventing leaks is being installed.
Conclusion: Therefore, provided this technology is effective, those fears are groundless.
精简版
Technology for preventing leaks can avoid the pollution thus the fears are groundless.
A,其他设备，是无关
B，保留到最后排除
C，正确
D，有only，绝对化，排除
E，说的是现在，不是以前
99
0:36
完整版
BGI: Denoma, a major consumer-electronics maker, had a sizable decline in sales revenue for its most recent fiscal year.
P:because electronics retailers report that although their overall sales were considerably lower than in the previous year, their sales revenue from Denoma models actually grew, largely thanks to some innovative and popular models that Denoma introduced.
C:This result appears surprising.
解释题，要解释那部分少的revenue去哪里了
选C
100
0:42
选B，排除D
作者: freestyle32 时间: 2012-11-6 06:42
这是30s就把选项跟题目都读完了么？？怎么做到啊……
作者: freestyle32 时间: 2012-11-6 08:02
B:
P: Industry experts expect improvements in job safety
training to lead to safer work environments.
C: that for manufacturers
who improved job safety training during the 1980s,
the number of on-the-job accidents tended to
increase in the months immediately following the
changes in the training programs.
P?C
这道题做错了
(A) 不相关
(B)一开始觉得不相关
(C) 错选此选项，感觉有点绕，看大家解释说。。是与原题意思相反
(D) 不相关
(E) 不相关
【逻辑链】
2.
B：Hunters alone are blamed for the decline in Greenrock National Forest's deer population over the past ten years.
P：In the past ten years, the forest's protected black bear population has risen sharply, and examination of black bears found dead in the forest during the deer hunting season showed that a number of them had recently fed on deer.
C： Yet clearly, black bears have also played an important role in this decline.
A
3.
B：Early in the twentieth century, Lake Konfa became very polluted. Recently fish populations have recovered as release of industrial pollutants has declined and the lake’s waters have become cleaner. Fears are now being voiced that the planned construction of an oil pipeline across the lake’s bottom might revive pollution and cause the fish population to decline again.
P：However, a technology for preventing leaks is being installed.
C：Therefore, provided this technology is effective, those fears are groundless.
P?C technology prevent the leaks (oil pipeline)? fears (revive pollution & fish population ? ) groundless
A. 不相关
B. 不相关
C. 可以有
D. 少一个water pollution
E. 不相关
4.
B：Denoma, a major consumer-electronics maker, had a sizable decline in sales revenue for its most recent fiscal year.
P：largely thanks to some innovative and popular models that Denoma introduced.
C：This result appears surprising, because electronics retailers report that although their overall sales were considerably lower than in the previous year, their sales revenue from Denoma models actually grew,
Explain why sales? but revenue?
A. 貌似不相关且削弱
B. 不相关
C. 放着 然后选了
D. 不相关
E. 削弱……
5.B：Help conserve our city’s water supply. By converting the landscaping in your yard to a water-conserving landscape, you can greatly reduce your outdoor water use. A water-conserving landscape is natural and attractive, and it also saves you money.
P：since typically the conversion would save less than twenty dollars on a homeowner’s yearly water bills.
C：For most people with yards, the savings from converting to a water-conserving landscape cannot justify the expense of new landscaping
Wc landscaping不省钱
A. 不相关
B. 削弱 正解
C. 不相关
D.有点绕：在传统上消耗的比节水上消耗的多
E. 不相关
作者: penguinsdz 时间: 2012-11-16 09:42
标题: 对不起 最近有点忙晚交
11.14+【3-2】
1. Industry experts expect improvements in job safety training to lead to safer work environments. A recent
survey indicated, however, that for manufacturers who improved job safety training during the 1980s, the number of on-the-job accidents tended to increase in the months immediately following the changes in the training programs.
Which one of the following, if true, most helps toresolve the apparent discrepancy in the passageabove?
(A) A similar survey found that the number of on-the-job accidents remained constant after job safety training in the transportation sector was improved.
(B) Manufacturers tend to improve their job safety training only when they are increasing the size of their workforce.
(C) Manufacturers tend to improve job safety training only after they have noticed that the number of on-the-job accidents has increased.
(D) It is likely that the increase in the number of on-the-job accidents experienced by many companies was not merely a random fluctuation.
(E) Significant safety measures, such as protective equipment and government safety inspections, were in place well before the improvements in job safety training.
Background Information:
Industry experts expect improvements in job safety training to lead to safer work environments.
Conclusion:
A recent survey indicated, however, that for manufacturers who improved job safety training during the 1980s, the number of on-the-job accidents tended to increase in the months immediately following the changes in the training programs.
推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
以为improve了，其实只有在…情况下才improve, 等于并没有improvements in the job safety
选项分析：选B
2. Hunter: Hunters alone are blamed for the decline in Greenrock National Forest's deer population over the past ten years. Yet clearly, black bears have also played an important role in this decline. In the past ten years, the forest's protected black bear population has risen sharply, and examination of black bears found dead in the forest during the deer hunting season showed that a number of them had recently fed on deer.
In the hunter's argument, the boldface portion plays which of the following roles?
A. It is the main conclusion of the argument.
B. It is an objection that has been raised against the main conclusion of the argument.
C. It is a judgment that the argument opposes.
D. It is a finding that the argument seeks to explain.
E. It provides evidence in support of the main conclusion of the argument.
Background Information:
Hunters alone are blamed for the decline in Greenrock National Forest's deer population over the past ten years.
Premise:
In the past ten years, the forest's protected black bear population has risen sharply, and examination of black bears found dead in the forest during the deer hunting season showed that a number of them had recently fed on deer.
Conclusion:
Yet clearly, black bears have also played an important role in this decline.
选项分析：看不到黑脸
3. Early in the twentieth century, Lake Konfa became very polluted. Recently fish populations have recovered as release of industrial pollutants has declined and the lake’s waters have become cleaner. Fears are now being voiced that the planned construction of an oil pipeline across the lake’s bottom might revive pollution and cause the fish population to decline again. However, a technology for preventing leaks is being installed. Therefore, provided this technology is effective, those fears are groundless.
The argument depends on assuming which of the following?
A. Apart from development related to the pipeline, there will be no new industrial development around the lake that will create renewed pollution in its waters.
B. There is no reason to believe that the leak-preventing technology would be ineffective when installed in the pipeline in Lake Konfa.
C. The bottom of the lake does not contain toxic remnants of earlier pollution that will be stirred into the water by pipeline construction.
D. Damage to the lake’s fish populations would be the only harm that a leak of oil from the pipeline would cause.
E. The species of fish that are present in Lake Konfa now are the same as those that were in the lake before it was affected by pollution.
Background Information:
Early in the twentieth century, Lake Konfa became very polluted.
Premise:
Fears are now being voiced that the planned construction of an oil pipeline across the lake’s bottom might revive pollution and cause the fish population to decline again. However, a technology for preventing leaks is being installed.
Conclusion:
Therefore, provided this technology is effective, those fears are groundless.
选项分析：选C
4. Denoma, a major consumer-electronics maker, had a sizable decline in sales revenue for its most recent fiscal year. This result appears surprising, because electronics retailers report that although their overall sales were considerably lower than in the previous year, their sales revenue from Denoma models actually grew, largely thanks to some innovative and popular models that Denoma introduced.
Which of the following, if true, does most to explain the apparently surprising result?
A. Because of the need to educate the public about its new models’ capabilities, Denoma’s advertising spending was higher than normal over the period.
B. For the period at issue, Denoma’s major competitors reported declines in revenue that were, in percentage terms, greater than Denoma’s.
C. A significant proportion of Denoma’s revenue comes from making components for other consumer-electronics manufacturers.
D. Unlike some of its major competitors, Denoma has no lines of business outside consumer electronics to provide revenue when retail sales of consumer electronics are weak.
E. During the period, consumer-electronics retailers sold remaining units of Denoma’s superseded models at prices that were deeply discounted from those models’ original prices.
Background Information:
Denoma, a major consumer-electronics maker, had a sizable decline in sales revenue for its most recent fiscal year.
Premise:
Because electronics retailers report that although their overall sales were considerably lower than in the previous year, their sales revenue from Denoma models actually grew, largely thanks to some innovative and popular models that Denoma introduced.
Conclusion:
This result appears surprising.
推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
赚钱的innovation只占一小小部分
选项分析：选C
5. Brochure: Help conserve our city’s water supply. By converting the landscaping in your yard to a water-conserving landscape, you can greatly reduce your outdoor water use. A water-conserving landscape is natural and attractive, and it also saves you money.
Criticism: For most people with yards, the savings from converting to a water-conserving landscape cannot justify the expense of new landscaping, since typically the conversion would save less than twenty dollars on a homeowner’s yearly water bills.
Which of the following, if true, provides the best basis for a rebuttal of the criticism?
A. Even homeowners whose yards do not have water-conserving landscapes can conserve water by installing water-saving devices in their homes.
B. A conventional landscape generally requires a much greater expenditure on fertilizer and herbicide than does a water-conserving landscape.
C. A significant proportion of the residents of the city live in buildings that do not have yards.
D. It costs no more to put in water-conserving landscaping than it does to put in conventional landscaping.
E. Some homeowners use more water to maintain their yards than they use for all other purposes combined.
Background Information:
Help conserve our city’s water supply.
Premise:
since typically the conversion would save less than twenty dollars on a homeowner’s yearly water bills Conclusion:
For most people with yards, the savings from converting to a water-conserving landscape cannot justify the expense of new landscaping.
推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
换新的不省钱—削弱—旧的花费更多在其他方面
选项分析：选B
作者: xiongyz 时间: 2012-11-20 15:50
补11.13作业
1. 31s
Industry experts expect improvements in job safety training to lead to safer work environments. A recent survey indicated, however, that for manufacturers who improved job safety training during the 1980s, the number of on-the-job accidents tended to increase in the months immediately following the changes in the training programs.
Resolve discrepancy: 那个月换了新设备，training的是老设备，所以没有作用
(A) A similar survey found that the number of onthe- job accidents remained constant after job safety training in the transportation sector was improved. ---无关，transportation sector
(B) Manufacturers tend to improve their job safety training only when they are increasing the size of their workforce. ---无关
(C) Manufacturers tend to improve job safety training only after they have noticed that the number of on-the-job accidents has increased. ---与题目时间不同，题目是训练之后事故多，而该选项是事故多之后训练，不能解释
(D) It is likely that the increase in the number of on-the-job accidents experienced by many companies was not merely a random fluctuation. ---无关
(E) Significant safety measures, such as protective equipment and government safety inspections, were in place well before the improvements in job safety training. ---correct, improve之前有train重要的安全操作，之后没有train, 所以事故发生更多
正确答案：B
2. 35s
Hunter: Hunters alone are blamed for the decline in Greenrock National Forest's deer population over the past ten years. Yet clearly, black bears have also played an important role in this decline. In the past ten years, the forest's protected black bear population has risen sharply, and examination of black bears found dead in the forest during the deer hunting season showed that a number of them had recently fed on deer.
In the hunter's argument, the boldface portion plays which of the following roles?
A. It is the main conclusion of the argument.
B. It is an objection that has been raised against the main conclusion of the argument.
C. It is a judgment that the argument opposes.
D. It is a finding that the argument seeks to explain.
E. It provides evidence in support of the main conclusion of the argument.
根据答案A猜测BF的句子Yet clearly, black bears have also played an important role in this decline.
3. 40s
Early in the twentieth century, Lake Konfa became very polluted. Recently fish populations have recovered as release of industrial pollutants has declined and the lake’s waters have become cleaner. Fears are now being voiced that the planned construction of an oil pipeline across the lake’s bottom might revive pollution and cause the fish population to decline again. However, a technology for preventing leaks is being installed. Therefore, provided this technology is effective, those fears are groundless.
Assumption: pipeline只会在运输漏油的方面影响fish的数量
A. Apart from development related to the pipeline, there will be no new industrial development around the lake that will create renewed pollution in its waters. ---无关
B. There is no reason to believe that the leak-preventing technology would be ineffective when installed in the pipeline in Lake Konfa. ---于安装的effective无关
C. The bottom of the lake does not contain toxic remnants of earlier pollution that will be stirred into the water by pipeline construction. ---correct, 如果有，就会使鱼的数量减少，取非削弱
D. Damage to the lake’s fish populations would be the only harm that a leak of oil from the pipeline would cause. ---无关
E. The species of fish that are present in Lake Konfa now are the same as those that were in the lake before it was affected by pollution. ---无关
4. 45s
Denoma, a major consumer-electronics maker, had a sizable decline in sales revenue for its most recent fiscal year. This result appears surprising, because electronics retailers report that although their overall sales were considerably lower than in the previous year, their sales revenue from Denoma models actually grew, largely thanks to some innovative and popular models that Denoma introduced.
Explain: models吸引了另外的消费者，消费者范围扩大，数量上升
A. Because of the need to educate the public about its new models’ capabilities, Denoma’s advertising spending was higher than normal over the period. ---无关
B. For the period at issue, Denoma’s major competitors reported declines in revenue that were, in percentage terms, greater than Denoma’s. ---out of scope
C. A significant proportion of Denoma’s revenue comes from making components for other consumer-electronics manufacturers. ---correct, 没有卖给原本的客户，而是为其它制造商提供零件而创造的销售额
D. Unlike some of its major competitors, Denoma has no lines of business outside consumer electronics to provide revenue when retail sales of consumer electronics are weak. ---weaken
E. During the period, consumer-electronics retailers sold remaining units of Denoma’s superseded models at prices that were deeply discounted from those models’ original prices. ---降价销售不能解释销售额的上升，因为不能解释数量
5. 54s
Brochure: Help conserve our city’s water supply. By converting the landscaping in your yard to a water-conserving landscape, you can greatly reduce your outdoor water use. A water-conserving landscape is natural and attractive, and it also saves you money.
Criticism: For most people with yards, the savings from converting to a water-conserving landscape cannot justify the expense of new landscaping, since typically the conversion would save less than twenty dollars on a homeowner’s yearly water bills.
Weaken C: 说convert省钱或者好处吧。。。
A. Even homeowners whose yards do not have water-conserving landscapes can conserve water by installing water-saving devices in their homes. ---weaken B
B. A conventional landscape generally requires a much greater expenditure on fertilizer and herbicide than does a water-conserving landscape. ---correct，传统的更费钱，所以应该转换
C. A significant proportion of the residents of the city live in buildings that do not have yards. ---support C，没有yards所以不应转换
D. It costs no more to put in water-conserving landscaping than it does to put in conventional landscaping. ---support C
E. Some homeowners use more water to maintain their yards than they use for all other purposes combined. ---无关
作者: yuanhang1992 时间: 2013-1-11 10:25
没有答案啊
作者: zxppx 时间: 2013-1-25 12:07
1.
Industry experts expect improvements in job safety
training to lead to safer work environments. A recent
survey indicated, however, that for manufacturers
who improved job safety training during the 1980s,
the number of on-the-job accidents tended to
increase in the months immediately following the
changes in the training programs.
Safety training could improve the safety of the work environment (as measured by average number of accidents per worker, for example) while at the same time the number of total accidents could increase.
Which one of the following, if true, most helps to
resolve the apparent discrepancy in the passage
above?
A) A similar survey found that the number of on the-
job accidents remained constant after job
safety training in the transportation sector
was improved. 我没有意识到这是两个不同的部门
This answer choice will cast doubt on the survey in the argument, rather than reconcile the discrepancy.
(B) Manufacturers tend to improve their job safety
training only when they are increasing the
size of their workforce.
Yes, in this case, it points out the reason why on-the-job accidents tended to increase in the months immediately following the changes in the training programs. BA
(C) Manufacturers tend to improve job safety
training only after they have noticed that the
number of on-the-job accidents has
increased.
Actually, this answer choice reverses the sequence between these two.
(D) It is likely that the increase in the number of
on-the-job accidents experienced by many
companies was not merely a random
fluctuation.
This answer choice cannot resolve the contradiction.
This answer further confuses the issue. If the fluctuation was random, that could explain how an increase in accidents could follow safety training.
(E) Significant safety measures, such as protective
equipment and government safety
inspections, were in place well before the
improvements in job safety training.
It still cannot solve the discrepancy in the argument.
98. (32682-!-item-!-188;#058&006783) (GWD 28-Q29)
Early in the twentieth century, Lake Konfa became very polluted. Recently fish populations have recovered as release of industrial pollutants has declined and the lake’s waters have become cleaner. Fears are now being voiced that the planned construction of an oil pipeline across the lake’s bottom might revive pollution and cause the fish population to decline again. However, a technology for preventing leaks is being installed. Therefore, provided this technology is effective, those fears are groundless.
The argument depends on assuming which of the following?
A. Apart from development related to the pipeline, there will be no new industrial development around the lake that will create renewed pollution in its waters.
新的工业发展所带来的污染不属于这题讨论的范围，此题探讨的是石油管道的建设对于湖畔的影响！
New industrial development around the lake is outside the scope of the argument.
B. There is no reason to believe that the leak-preventing technology would be ineffective when installed in the pipeline in Lake Konfa.
Since the conclusion has revealed that “provided this technology is effective”, there is no need to assume that the technology would be ineffective.
C. The bottom of the lake does not contain toxic remnants of earlier pollution that will be stirred into the water by pipeline construction.
Yes, in this case, it refers to a question about the oil pipeline. BA
D. Damage to the lake’s fish populations would be the only harm that a leak of oil from the pipeline would cause.
Whether it is the only harm is irrelevant.
E. The species of fish that are present in Lake Konfa now are the same as those that were in the lake before it was affected by pollution.
The comparison is outside the scope of the argument.
99. (29812-!-item-!-188;#058&004367) (GWD 12-Q22)
Denoma, a major consumer-electronics maker, had a sizable decline in sales revenue for its most recent fiscal year. This result appears surprising, because electronics retailers report that although their overall sales were considerably lower than in the previous year, their sales revenue from Denoma models actually grew, largely thanks to some innovative and popular models that Denoma introduced.
Which of the following, if true, does most to explain the apparently surprising result?
A. Because of the need to educate the public about its new models’ capabilities, Denoma’s advertising spending was higher than normal over the period.
Its sales revenue should increase, rather decrease.
B. For the period at issue, Denoma’s major competitors reported declines in revenue that were, in percentage terms, greater than Denoma’s.
Denoma’s major competitors cannot tell the reason why Denoma’s sales revenue decreased.
C. A significant proportion of Denoma’s revenue comes from making components for other consumer-electronics manufacturers.
But how about the revenue, increase or decrease? We do not know.
虽然零售商那部分的销售收入增加了，但是如果这部分的收入减少，就能解释上面的矛盾了
D. Unlike some of its major competitors, Denoma has no lines of business outside consumer electronics to provide revenue when retail sales of consumer electronics are weak.
But retailers told that their sales revenue from Denoma models actually grew.
E. During the period, consumer-electronics retailers sold remaining units of Denoma’s superseded models at prices that were deeply discounted from those models’ original prices.
In this case, the discounted price reduced Denoma’s sales revenue. BA
虽然这一部分折扣产品的销售价格是下降的，但是零售商说他们来自于Denoma的总的收入上升了，所以不能很好解释问题里的矛盾！
100. (31888-!-item-!-188;#058&006228) (GWD 3-Q17)
Brochure: Help conserve our city’s water supply. By converting the landscaping in your yard to a water-conserving landscape, you can greatly reduce your outdoor water use. A water-conserving landscape is natural and attractive, and it also saves you money.
Criticism: For most people with yards, the savings from converting to a water-conserving landscape cannot justify the expense of new landscaping, since typically the conversion would save less than twenty dollars on a homeowner’s yearly water bills.
Which of the following, if true, provides the best basis for a rebuttal of the criticism?
A. Even homeowners whose yards do not have water-conserving landscapes can conserve water by installing water-saving devices in their homes.
This answer choice cannot weaken the reason of the criticism, since it does not talk about the economic benefit.
B. A conventional landscape generally requires a much greater expenditure on fertilizer and herbicide than does a water-conserving landscape.
Yes, it weakens criticism’s reasoning. BA
C. A significant proportion of the residents of the city live in buildings that do not have yards.
Actually, this answer weakens the view of Brochure.
D. It costs no more to put in water-conserving landscaping than it does to put in conventional landscaping.
But it still cannot rebut the criticism. Which is more economic?
E. Some homeowners use more water to maintain their yards than they use for all other purposes combined.
Other purposes are outside the scope of the argument.
作者: huazechen 时间: 2013-2-8 18:31
premise：safety training to lead to safer work environments
conclusion:accidents increase following the changes in the training programs.
猜测：其他原因导致 increase
(A) A similar survey found that the number of onthe-
job accidents remained constant after job
safety training in the transportation sector
was improved.
相关不直接
(B) Manufacturers tend to improve their job safety
training only when they are increasing the
size of their workforce.
其他原因导致 正确
(C) Manufacturers tend to improve job safety
training only after they have noticed that the
number of on-the-job accidents has
increased.
比上月多 ←排
(D) It is likely that the increase in the number of
on-the-job accidents experienced by many
companies was not merely a random
fluctuation.
加强
(E) Significant safety measures, such as protective
equipment and government safety
inspections, were in place well before the
improvements in job safety training.
无关
二:XD(没看懂C D应该无关的 被误导了=。=)CD← 原来是反驳C不是支持C orz
作者: 小K110 时间: 2013-4-14 06:36
Which of the following, if true, provides the best basis for a rebuttal of the criticism?为什么这句话理解的是反驳C呢？为什么不是为C的反驳提供了基础？？？？？求解~~~~
作者: 小K110 时间: 2013-4-14 06:38
Which of the following, if true, provides the best basis for a rebuttal of the criticism?为什么这句话理解的是反驳C呢？为什么不是为C的反驳提供了基础？？？？？求解~~~~
作者: angelann728 时间: 2013-4-26 15:43
1) 计时： 30s
2) 逻辑链
*完整模式：（凭记忆简填）
Safe training should improve job safety environment.
However, a recent survey indicated that training leads to an increased number of accidents.
3) 推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
Explain:
一件事和training同时发生且这件事是恶化工作安全情况的。
4) 选项分析：选D
A 在解释这个survey finding 和其他survey无关
B 已经实施了 与之前的事情无关
C 已经实施了 与之前的事情无关
E 之前这些安全设备就在合适的位置上 那培训为什么使受伤害次数增加了呢还是没能解释原因
1) 计时： 34s
2) 逻辑链
*完整模式：（凭记忆简填）
Premise: hunter is the only reason.
Conclusion: black bear is another reason.
Premise: evidence shows that black bears feed on deer.
3) 推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
BF： black bears have also played an important role in this decline
- conclusion
4) 选项分析： 选A
1) 计时： 46s
2) 逻辑链
*完整模式：
Premise ：Recently fish populations have recovered as release of industrial pollutants has declined and the lake’s waters have become cleaner.
Fears are now being voiced that the planned construction of an oil pipeline across the lake’s bottom might revive pollution and cause the fish population to decline again.
Premise：A technology for preventing leaks is being installed.
Premise: this technology is effective
Conclusion: those fears are groundless.
3) 推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
Assumption: 弥补一个很明显的逻辑漏洞 排他因
除leak外，没有其他方式会对湖水造成危害。
4) 选项分析：选C
A 应当排除的是除了管道泄漏 管道还有哪些可能造成污染 而不是排除其他新工厂建设
B 重写前提
D应当排除的是除了管道泄漏 管道还有哪些可能造成污染
E 鱼品种和污染无关 就算鱼抗污染 湖水也照样被污染了
1) 计时：35 s
2) 逻辑链
*完整模式：（凭记忆简填）
D suffers decline in sales.
However, retailers indicated that although the whole sales in electronic industry declined, D increased as a result of some innovation.
3) 推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
Explain the discrepancy: (1) inventory
(2) 除了retailers有他因决定D的sales
4) 选项分析：选 C
A cost 和 sales revenue无关
B 其他公司解释不了D的矛盾现象
D 加强了矛盾
E 按E的理解 retailer sales revenue应当下降
1) 计时： 35s
2) 逻辑链
*完整模式：（凭记忆简填）
节水新地形可以节水省钱
反对：省钱太少，不能弥补改地形的花费
3) 推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
Weaken the criticism- 除了节水 还有别的方面的好处
4) 选项分析：选 B
A support
C 无关比较
D 从conventional landscaping 改造至 water-conserving landscaping
所以绝大多数人不用conventional landscaping的花费
E 无关比较
作者: Elisha728 时间: 2013-9-15 12:35
8'34''
B?CEB
where is the bold face?
作者: 苏错 时间: 2013-12-12 10:08
12.12
【精练】2’03
For manufacturers who improved job safety training during the 1980sthere
was an increase in the number of on-the-job accidents.
Resolve the paradox—B
Answer choice (C): This would explain an increase inaccidents before job safety training, but the issue in the stimulus is an increaseafter the safety training.
【逻辑链】
1. boldface?....
2. 1’07 fish declined plan might revive pollution and cause the fish population to decline….technologyis effective
Assumption—B
(C. B重复文中条件，C排除他因)
3. 1’28
Denomadecline in sales revenue
Electronicsretailers report that sales revenue actually grow
Surprisingresult—C
4. 1’04
Rebuttalof the criticism –B
作者: cyndichiang 时间: 2014-5-11 07:41
精炼 1‘31’‘
premise：improvements in job safety training to lead to safer work environments
fact： the number of on-the-job accidents increased in the months immediately after the improvements
Q:explain
prephrase: when improvements happened, the other factors happened at the same time that leaded to the increased accidents
(A) A similar survey found that the number of onthe-
job accidents remained constant after job
safety training in the transportation sector
was improved.------transportation sector is not mentioned in the particle总体不能推一般；这是个exception，而不能解释general condition
(B) Manufacturers tend to improve their job safety
training only when they are increasing the
size of their workforce.------correct，指出同时存在的另一个因素，人数多了，人数多了会导致事故增加
(C) Manufacturers tend to improve job safety
training only after they have noticed that the
number of on-the-job accidents has
increased.------explain why the improvements should be conducted,but not explain the adverse effect after the improvement,刚开始纠结了一下，后来觉得感觉实在解释前提
(D) It is likely that the increase in the number of
on-the-job accidents experienced by many
companies was not merely a random
fluctuation.------只提到结论，而没有提到improvement
(E) Significant safety measures, such as protective
equipment and government safety
inspections, were in place well before the
improvements in job safety training.---------specify the improvements but not mention the increased accidents
作者: cechymery 时间: 2014-8-1 16:50
选B，终于没中招啦，以前每次做这种题都是中招的说，文中不选C的原因是increase in on the job accident rates follow after changes in the programs.而文中说受伤率在改变之前错误。 B是因为员工的数量增多，发生几率变大而可能导致手上率上升
作者: 灵韵 时间: 2014-11-22 23:25
b:
background: job safety training lead to safer work environment: reflect: true to lower rate for a constant pool such as experienced workers.
fact, premise with paradox. manufacturers who improved job safety training has increased number of on job accident (followed the changes in training program? ) here, the question is why should they have a safety training? for new workers or for experienced workers? probably for new workers as "Increase in the months IMMEdiately following the training.
looking for answer which indicate new workers are involved.
97, cannot see boldface
cbd
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