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标题: 请教，晕了。。。独立主格和run-ons 怎么区分？——prep08/155 [打印本页]

作者: attractg 时间: 2012-1-19 13:06
标题: 请教，晕了。。。独立主格和run-ons 怎么区分？——prep08/155
155.With surface temperatures estimated at minus 230 degrees Fahrenheit, Jupiter's moon [ u ]Europa has long been considered far too cold to support life , and with[ /u ]60 square miles of water thought to be frozen from top to bottom.
A Europa has long been considered far too cold to support life, and with
B Europa has long been considered far too cold to support life, its
C Europa has long been considered as far too cold to support life and has
D Europa , long considered as far too cold to support life, and its
E Europa, long considered to be far too cold to support life, and to have

答案是B 。解释是its 60 square miles of water thought to be...做 been considered 的伴随状语做补充说明。逻辑最合理。还说its 60 square miles of... 是一个独立主格结构。不太明白，为什么？总觉得B选项是run on sentences 。run-on sentence 不是把两个独立的句子写在一起么？B选项逗号后面也有主语its 啊，谓语是thought to be 吧？逗号前面也有主语、谓语，这样不是两套主谓了么？

请教各位帮忙解答一下~~~ 灰常感谢~！！！

作者: 米米时代007 时间: 2012-1-19 13:58
thought to be不是谓语，是过去分词，谓语是is，没有出现。。

作者: 米米时代007 时间: 2012-1-19 13:59
不过我挺迷茫的是独立主格能不能加and..

作者: 米米时代007 时间: 2012-1-19 14:02
P231 MANHATTAN
A few GMAT sentences use a sophisticated modifier called an Absolute Phrase（独立主格）. Absolute phrases are composed of a noun plus a noun modifier. These phrases do not have to modify what they touch; rather, they modify the main clause in some way.
Right: His head held high. Owen walked out of the store.
Right: Owen walked out of the store, his head held high.
Right: Owen walked out of the store with his head held high.

Consider another example:
Right: Scientists have found high levels of iridium in certain geological formations around the world, results that suggest the cataclysmic impact of a meteor millions of Years ago.
The absolute phrase in this sentence, results that suggest the cataclysmic impact of a meteor millions of years ago, is composed of the noun results and the noun modifier that suggest...years ago. Notice that the noun results does not modify world, the closest noun in the main clause. The noun results refers to either high levels of iridium or the act of finding these levels. The absolute phrase construction gives us a way to link a second sentence to the first.
Right: Scientists have found high levels of iridium in certain geological formations around the world. These results suggest the cataclysmic impact of a meteor millions of years ago.

作者: 映日飞烟 时间: 2012-1-19 23:14
thought to be作谓语需要加be动词，所以B后半句不完整，不是run-on

独立主格和主句有紧密逻辑关系，相反平行结构不存在这种关系，从句子意思上可以区别

作者: babybearmm 时间: 2012-1-20 17:21
http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-646121-1-1.html

独立主格是noun+noun modifier
注意noun + noun modifier不构成一个完整的句子（缺少谓语！）

run-on sentences是把俩句子写一起。

作者: babybearmm 时间: 2012-1-20 17:34
不能加and
", and ..." 是引导另一个并列的从句，或者平行结构

独立主格可以有with
以下转自08语法笔记，第一种形式这里有讨论http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-646121-1-1.html
独立主格三种形式：
1)一般形式（独立部分与主句部分无太多关联）n.+n.，n.+V-ed/v-ing，n.+介词短语/形容词短语
2)with形式（与主句主语有紧密的逻辑关系）：with+宾语+宾补，如：with+n.+v-ed/v-ing/介词短语/形容词短语
3)each形式（必须前面有复数名词）： each+v-ed/v-ing，each+介词短语/形容词短语，each+n.+介词短语
*：with型独立主格在GMAT中常常被判累赘。

作者: attractg 时间: 2012-1-24 22:47
谢谢大家热心解答~~ 明白了很多~~ 也就是说B选项的后半句如果变成一个完整的句子应该是 its 60 square miles of water ARE thought to be frozen from top to bottom. ？(是不是应该加个are ?) 因为没有be 动词，所以不是run-ons , 是独立主格的一种~

作者: babybearmm 时间: 2012-1-25 03:18
对

谢谢大家热心解答~~ 明白了很多~~ 也就是说B选项的后半句如果变成一个完整的句子应该是 its 60 square miles of water ARE thought to be frozen from top to bottom. ？(是不是应该加个are ?) 因为没有be 动词，所以不是run-ons , 是独立主格的一种~

-- by 会员 attractg (2012/1/24 22:47:10)

作者: attractg 时间: 2012-1-27 16:21
谢谢大家~~~ 谢谢babybearmm ~ 向你学习哈！！！

作者: 佳佳蔻蔻 时间: 2012-3-6 17:02
请教一下，为什么这题的C不对呢？

作者: babybearmm 时间: 2012-3-7 06:57
语法正确，但是有逻辑缺陷，and表示并列的逻辑，这里严格说来不是并列关系。这句子的逻辑意思，就决定了得用absolute phrase。
http://grammar.about.com/od/basicsentencegrammar/a/sbabsolutephr.htm

The hunters rested for a moment in front of the shack, their breaths white in the frosty air.

The noun (breaths) that begins this absolute phrase is followed by an adjective (white) and a prepositional phrase (in the frosty air).In addition to adjectives and prepositional phrases, adverbs and participles can also follow the noun in an absolute phrase. As the sentence above shows, an absolute phrase lets us move from a description of a whole person, place, or thing to just one or more parts: from hunters, for instance, to their breaths.

请教一下，为什么这题的C不对呢？

-- by 会员佳佳蔻蔻 (2012/3/6 17:02:23)

作者: babybearmm 时间: 2012-3-7 06:58
另外，C的"consider as"错误，non-idiomatic
consider X Y

作者: ainiAnnie 时间: 2012-4-23 16:42

另外，C的"consider as"错误，non-idiomatic
consider X Y

-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/3/7 6:58:35)

baby姐姐，我今天也做到这个题目...
选了C
看到B根本就没想到会使独立主格...还觉得它长的很奇怪...orz
怎么样才能很好的识别这个结构呢？？
查了Ron的帖子，Ron表示就是要多读多看关于独立主格的正确使用的句子然后识别这个结构（大神写了很多，我觉得主要意思就是这个哈）
baby姐姐有什么好方法么...
谢谢baby姐姐指导~

作者: babybearmm 时间: 2012-4-23 17:09

另外，C的"consider as"错误，non-idiomatic
consider X Y

-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/3/7 6:58:35)

-- by 会员 ainiAnnie (2012/4/23 16:42:18)

Annie同学，我前面回贴有给这个link啊
http://grammar.about.com/od/basicsentencegrammar/a/sbabsolutephr.htm
你去看，从讲解到练习题全都过一遍，所有关于absolute phrase的链接都点进去，花一两小时你就会彻底掌握这个结构。

还有，我曾说过我认为OG每一道题目背后都蕴含一个题库。

OG verbal review 2nd，第一百零几题（sorry我现在不方便查）
还有一个prep题目

这两道你放一起看，简直一个模子出来的（以下我按回忆写个大意哈）：

Water bla bla, its molecules prevented from evaporating ....
Sound travels (somehow in the sea...), its wave energy prevented from dissipating ...

体会一下这两句话的内在的逻辑（结合物理常识，弄明白！），体会absolute phrase是怎么表示这个意思的。然后，自己造句子，或者用我上面那个链接的造句练习。

作者: ainiAnnie 时间: 2012-4-23 20:28

另外，C的"consider as"错误，non-idiomatic
consider X Y

-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/3/7 6:58:35)

-- by 会员 ainiAnnie (2012/4/23 16:42:18)

-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/4/23 17:09:18)

好的，一定按照步骤一一搞定它~~！！
谢谢baby姐姐~~

作者: 电灯 时间: 2014-7-31 01:49

babybearmm 发表于 2012-1-20 17:34
不能加and", and ..." 是引导另一个并列的从句，或者平行结构独立主格可以有with以下转自08语法笔记，第一 ...

请问，
关于选项A ， with surface...., and surface 从逻辑和时态上并列是否显得勉强? 如果真的要并列的话，是不是直接放一起比较好？

作者: 反调戏 时间: 2014-7-31 09:28
mark晚上回去看

作者: Evelyn_ho 时间: 2015-6-10 08:55
mark!要看起来

作者: 贝西文迅 时间: 2017-11-8 21:26
英语句子逗号不能连接两个完整句子.除非有关系代词或者关系副词.

作者: 梦季 时间: 2018-5-23 13:33
Mark一下！

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