标题: OG12语法笔记 更新至70 欢迎提意见~~~ [打印本页] 作者: 笨蛋加油 时间: 2012-1-12 20:57 标题: OG12语法笔记 更新至70 欢迎提意见~~~ [attach]95472[/attach][attach]95472[/attach]在阅读了以前大牛们的笔记之后自己也开始仔细钻研OG了，虽然已经战过一次了但承认自己依然很菜，每天总结十个，望XDJM监督指教。 厄。。。就先更新到70题吧，因为lz发现整理到现在，再每个题每个选项的打出来很费时间，三月中旬就二战了，所以要抓紧时间了，等考完有时间了一定把这个工作结束！自己多多努力希望自己有朝一日也能成为NN来回馈CD！一起加油！ 刚接触G的XDJM可以参考一下这份笔记，直接下载附件就好O(∩_∩)O~ OG12语法笔记 1、 The Glass House Mountains in Queensland, Australia, were sighted in 1770 by the English navigator Captain James Cook, who so named them supposedly because their sheer wet rocks glistened like glass. OG所列考点： Agreement前后一致，代词指代单复数前后一致 Rhetorical construction简洁有效，主动形式比被动形式更简洁 自己提炼考点：动名词的修饰 Because与since的区别 A：it单数不能指代The Glass House Mountains复数；被动形式不简洁 B：缺少连接词，改变原句语义，丢掉了原句的因果联系，没有解释原因 C：修饰对象的合理性since/because：naming优先修饰句子主语，无法修饰JC。since是连词，但是无法取代because表示强烈的因果关系 D：正确 E：it单数不能指代The Glass House Mountains复数；选项本身it和their矛盾 词汇：navigator 领航员，驾驶员，航海家 supposedly 按照推测，恐怕，可能 glisten 闪光，闪耀
2、 Although a surge in retail sales has raised hopes that a recovery is finally under way, many economists say that without a large amount of spending the recovery might not last. OG所列考点：Agreement前后一致，主谓搭配一致 Rhetorical construction简洁有效，语义，there be，being 自己提炼考点：动词时态 A：have与主语surge单复数不一致；It is superfluous（多余的，不必要的）and pointless to say that people hope both that there is a recovery and such a recovery is underway. B: there being 一般情况下肯定错 C：had raised 时态错误，因为后面跟的是一般现在时，所以应该用现在完成而非过去完成时；being多余 D：正确。主谓搭配一致，时态正确，简洁有效 E：hope for a recovery finally under way 在语法上无意义；尽量保持原文时态
3、Although various eighteenth-and-nineteenth-century American poets had professed an interest in Native American poetry and had pretended to imitate Native American forms in their own works, it was not until almost 1900 that scholars and critics seriously began studying traditional Native American poetry in native language. OG所列考点: Verb form Rhetorical construction 自己提炼考点：副词用法 逻辑表达 begin to do 和 begin doing 的区别 A: until almost 1900使得原句逻辑表达错误，而且until almost 1900前后都有逗号，因此向前修饰还是向后修饰表达不清；根据原文据逻辑意思可知seriously修饰动词begin,而seriously作为程度副词应置于begin之前；begin to do 表示准备做，要开始做，还没做。但是原句意思是其实是开始做了，因此应该用begin doing。 B：“eighteenth-and-nineteenth-century American poets had professed an interest in Native American poetry and had pretended to”可知在1900之前用了过去完成时，因此almost 1900左右的应该用一般过去时，所以B时态错误；seriously位置有问题。 C：多余， be to begin to do sth , be to 表示将要，与begin重复；begin用法不符合语义。 D：not almost until不符合语法；begin用法不合语意。 E：正确。not until almost 1900位置正确，表达正确；时态正确；seriously位置正确 补充：副词位置 副词可以修饰动词，形容词，副词。副词的位置很灵活，在一个句子中副词可以放在句首，句中，句末。具体如下：1、一般副词都是放在谓语动词后面。2、程度副词通常放在所修饰词前。如：The problem is too difficult.(too, 就是程度副词）注：程度副词enough通常放在形容词或副词的后面3、频度副词（often，always, never, seldom等）通常放在行为动词前面，系动词，助动词，情态动词的后面。所以你说的run quickly是正确的，但是quickly run就是不正确的了。quickly是一个一般的副词，放在动词后。 begin to do 和begin doing的区别 般来说，begin to do和begin doing可以互换，但在以下三种情况下，用to do： 1. 主语不是指人，而是it等。如：It began to rain. 2. begin后接表示心理活动的词。如：begin to know ，believe， wonder， think等。 3. begin本身是ing形式，为避免重复后接to do 即，beginning to do P.S doing 一般有正在做的意思 to do一般有正准备做的意思 所以doing 就是开始做了to do开始要做,还没做 词汇：profess 声称，承认 pretend 假装，伪称
4、Of all the vast tides of migration that have swept through history, perhaps none was more concentrated than the wave that brought 12 million immigrants on to American shores in little more than three decades. OG所列考点：Idiom，固定搭配，more…than… Verb form 自己提炼考点：perhaps/maybe:二者一般情况下可以通用，perhaps正式一些 A：用more…as…来代替more…than…是ETS经常设置的错误；is时态错误 B：it may be that啰嗦；is时态错误；固定搭配用法错误 C：it is none that is more啰嗦，且it没有指代对象，因为it只能指代something，不可以指代nothing；is时态错误 D：错误同C E：正确。固定搭配正确，时态正确，perhaps可以替代maybe且比maybe更正式 词汇：migration迁移，移民，移动
5、Diabetes, together with its serious complications, ranks as the nation’s third leading cause of death, surpassed only by heart disease and cancer. OG所列考点：Agreement前后一致，主谓搭配一致 Logical predication 逻辑表达，surpass的位置 自己提炼考点：简洁有效；时态 A：正确：ranks和主语都是单数；Only is placed with precision next to the group of words it actually limits, by heart disease and cancer. Placed before surpassed, only would more ambiguously limit surpassed.因此surpass放在by heart disease…前正确。（only放在了surpass前面，根据语义，only应该修饰介词短语by heart disease and cancer,而不是修饰动词surpass） B：主谓单复数不一致；only位置修饰错误 C：has the rank of 啰嗦；surpass修饰错误 D：主谓单复数搭配不一致 E：时态不对，主谓搭配不一致，surpass修饰错误 词汇：Diabetes糖尿病 complications并发症 precision精确地
6、In late 1997, the chambers inside the pyramid of the Pharaoh Menkaure at Giza were closed to visitors for cleaning and repair because moisture exhaled by tourists had raised the humidity within them to such levels that salt from the stone was crystallizing and fungus was growing on the walls. OG所列考点：Agreement,代词指代一致 arallelism,平行对称 自己提炼考点：due to/because的区别； A：“用due to 来引导原因，在这里有点模棱两可，让人觉得是游客的呼吸里的潮湿导致需要repair。 其实文章后半句话阐述了两个使得chambers需要clean and repair的原因：盐分结晶以及真菌生长在墙面。”due to 这个词做由于解释时，通常紧跟着直接原因，这也就是为什么上文容易产生歧义。但是用because+that从句，由于从句的复杂性，所以可能可以避免该问题，所以更加合理。（due to + n (原因)，因此，A指向的原因是moisture; 而E，because + 从句 套从句，复杂地指向了moisture升高了humidity导致了salt was crystallizing和fungus was growing这一过程。而题干的意思，chambers for cleaning and repair的原因不是moisture，而是salt和fungus）； its指代chambers代词指代单复数不一致 B：前两个错误原因同A；句子中导致cleaning and repair 的原因（或者说effect of the humidity）应该平行对称，而B中would crystallize 与fungus was growing on the walls不平行 C：整个句子结构啰嗦；分句的主语是 tourists，them 自然指向 tourists，指代无意义；不平行 D：整个句子结构啰嗦；because of moisture that was exhaled by tourists raising the humidity within them . . . ，这里不是分句，raising 与 moisture 的关系不是主语与动词的关系，所以不是那么紧凑，于是 them 就游离了。C.D里面两个从句主语都是tourists，them又指代复数名词，所以them有可能指代tourists(指代不清）；不平行 E：正确。代词指代正确：E 与 D 不同因为 E 那里是完整分句，主语是 moisture。moisture . . . had raised the humidity within them . . . ，所以这个 them 与moisture 有关的，指什么自然明显。E从句得主语是单数 所以them只能指代全句主语chambers；；因果连词用法正确：because + 从句 套从句，复杂地指向了moisture升高了humidity导致了salt was crystallizing和fungus was growing这一过程。而题干的意思，chambers for cleaning and repair的原因不是moisture，而是salt和fungus，因此because正确；平行正确 补充：due to 和because of 和because “Due to” means "cause by". It should only be used if it can be substituted with "caused by". It does not mean the same thing as "because of ", Incorrect: The game was postponed due to rain. Correct: The game was postponed because of rain. Correct: The game's postponement was due to rain. 以后再遇到due to只要把它换成我们熟悉的caused by就清楚多了。 由于due +to出现在任何文中，即使是使用在了be动词之后，也可以有很多种可能的意思，仍然要看上下文，所以，当看到due to的时候，如果能够用because of/ because that那最好选则用because,因为这样不容易产生歧义。 词汇: chamber 房间，会所 exhale vt./vi.呼出，发散出 fungus n.真菌，霉，霉菌 Moisture 湿度，潮湿 humidity湿度，湿气 7、As its sales of computer products have surpassed those of measuring instruments, the company become increasingly willing to compete for the mass market sales it would in the past have conceded to rivals. OG所列考点：Agreement，代词前后单复数一致 Rhetorical construction简洁有效，避免重复 自己提炼考点：修饰不清 A：they与主语company单复数不一致 B：同A C：被动语态不正确，用被动语态容易引起歧义，主动优先；in the past 和previously重复 D：重复；介词短语in the past放在结尾，分不清是修饰would have conceded，还是rivals，修饰不清 E：正确 词汇：concede to rivals让步于竞争对手
8、The widely accepted big bang theory holds that the universe began in an explosive instant to twenty billion years ago and has been expanding ever since. OG所列考点：Logical prediction逻辑表达 Verb form时态：all the verbs in the clause beginning with that must describe what the universe did at the initial explosive moment. 自己提炼考点: 平行对称：and连接前后 简洁有效：动词优于名词 A:正确。时态正确（and连接的前后两个句子的主语都是the universe，ago用一般过去时，ever since用现在完成时）；在原句中，划线部分的宾语从句表达的意思为the universe began in an explosive…and has been expanding…平行并列正确 B：时态错误 C: “the beginning of”名词形式没有began动词形式简洁；第二个that从句修饰instant逻辑表达错误；C当中的定语从句that has expanded跳过时间名词修饰instant，原句意思改变 D：D错误类似于C ；D当中的定语从句that is expanding修饰the beginning,原句意思改变 E：to have begun和has been expanding都修饰universe，但是结构不一致，不平行 词汇：explosive爆炸性的，爆炸的 instant 名词：瞬间，片刻
9、Like the Brontes and Brongings, JJ and VW are often subjected to the kind of veneration that blurs the distinction between the artist and the human being.. OG所列考点：Logical prediction ：like前后比较对象要一致 自己提炼要点：like与as的用法；简洁有效 A：比较对象不一致 B：as后面只能跟从句，不能跟短语；比较对象不一致 C：that指代不清，且导致比较对象不一致 D：it没有指代对象，且导致比较对象不一致；as it is of 不简洁 E正确 补充：like和as的用法 like(介词) + 名词\名词短语，表示比较；as(连词) + 主谓结构，表示比较，强调动作的相似性；as(介词) + 名词，表示作为。 词汇：veneration 尊敬，崇拜 blur：涂污，使…模糊不清，是暗淡，玷污 subjected to 使受…影响 idolization n.偶像化，盲目的崇拜
10、Carnivorous mammals can endure what would otherwise be lethal levels of body heat because they have a heat-exchange network that keeps the brain from getting too hot. OG所列考点：Verb form；Rhetorical construction A：kept时态错误 B：正确；时态正确且简洁有效。 C：has kept时态错误。原句描述的是一个不变的事实，因此用一般现在时。 D：时态错误 E：having不简洁，kept时态错误 注：此题不要纠结与which和that，GMAT语法选的是最优选项。作者: michaelmay17 时间: 2012-1-13 02:11
加油~作者: Erise 时间: 2012-1-16 15:48
不知道你考完了没……作者: 笨蛋加油 时间: 2012-1-16 23:40
快过年了事情太多了，前两天没及时完成计划。从今天开始一定每天更新！！！加油加油！！！作者: 笨蛋加油 时间: 2012-1-16 23:41
11——20 11、There are several ways to build solid walls using just mud or clay, but the most extensively used method has been to form the mud or clay into bricks, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, to lay them in the wall in mud mortar. OG所列考点：Parallelism,平行对称；Verb form时态 A：不对称 B：不对称 C：不对称；they were laid改变句子时态，错误 D：正确 E：which修饰非限定性定语从句，先行词为mud or clay，而不是bricks，修饰错误 词汇：brick n.砖 mortar n.灰浆 preliminary adj.初步的，准备的 extensively 广阔的，广大的
12、Rising inventories, if not accompanied by corresponding increases in sales, can lead to production cutbacks that would hamper economic growth. OG所列考点：Diction(措词); Agreement（主谓搭配一致） 自己提炼考点：Verb form时态；形容词副词的修饰 A：the modifying phase “when unaccompanied correspondingly by increases in sales” is needlessly difficult to understand; 即when时间从句不易理解，应当用if从句，表达一种假设；“unaccompanied” is not wrong but not accompanied more effectively express the intended negation. 副词correspondingly用的不准确而且导致修饰歧义，不明确到底是修饰动词unaccompanied还是修饰名词increases。 B：the modifying phase “when…”s needlessly difficult to understand;谓语leads与主语inventories单复数不一致 C：were时态错误。过去时表示这件事情已经结束。但是原句can lead 表示事情可能实在继续。Tip：原句如果有情态动词，尽量不要删减。 D：主谓搭配不一致；D当中的correspondingly increased sales不常用而且不简洁 E：正确。not accompanied强调了否定，比unaccompanied更好。用形容词corresponding修饰increases in sales使句意表达更clear。主谓搭配一致。 词汇：corresponding相应的，一致的，相当的 13、A surge in new home sales and a drop in weekly unemployment claims suggest that the economy might not be as week as some analysts previously thought. OG所列考点：Agreement（主谓搭配一致）；Grammatical construction（句子结构） 自己提炼考点：Rhetorical construction简洁有效；关于not so/as…as A：正确；句子结构完整；主谓搭配正确 B：谓语suggests和主语单复数不一致 C：suggest的宾语从句主语是economy(单数), C当中的have been thought，没有复数名词来支持这个被动语态 D:句子结构不完整，缺乏谓语动词；用被动语态没有必要，违反简洁原则；suggesting about economy that it might…多余，冗长 E：同D 补充：关于not so/as…as so只能用于否定语气，as肯定、否定都可以使用 词汇：claims n.请求权，债权，索赔，权利要求 14、Sunspots，vortices of gas associated with strong electromagnetic activity, are visible as dark spots on the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted on the Sun’s poles or equator. OG所列考点：Logical prediction 逻辑表达； arallelism平行对称 A：正确：This sentence clearly and correctly draws a contrast between where sunspots are found and where they are not. B: spot 后面that引导的同位语从句distort the meaning of the sentence,而且前面说看见后面又说看不见本身就矛盾；划线部分与后面衔接不上，语法错误 C：although引导从句，从句应该主谓宾俱全，C中既无主语，谓语也不完整 D：同C E：E当中，which定语从句修饰对象不明，构成歧义 词汇：Sunspots 太阳黑子，雀斑 vortices n.漩涡 pole n.极点 equator n.赤道 electromagnetic电磁的
15、Warning that computers in the United States are not secure, the National Academy of Sciences has urged the nation to revamp computer security procedures, institute new emergency response teams, and create a special nongovernment organization to take charge of computer security planning. OG所列考点：Grammatical construction（句子结构）； Parallelism平行对称 A：creating不与前面结构平行对称，而且可能会被误认为是动名词在句尾作状语修饰前面的部分（Using the participle creating not only violates parallelism but also cause misreading since the participial phase could modify the first part of the sentence.）;着这个平行并列结构中需要and B：前两条同A；由于这个organization还不存在，所以用that takes 不符合逻辑。 C：前两条同A；to等同于in order to，不定式表示目的，for doing一般不表示目的，故C既不准确也不符合常用表达习惯 D：to等同于in order to，不定式表示目的，for doing一般不表示目的，故C既不准确也不符合常用表达习惯 E：正确； 词汇：revamp修补，翻新，修改
16、Retail sales rose 0.8 of 1 percent in August, intensifying expectations that personal spending in the July-September quarter would more than double the 1.4 percent growth rate in personal spending for the previous quarter.（重点题） OG所列考点：Logical prediction 逻辑表达； Verb form 时态 A：expectation表示一种预期，并且不确定结果，那么助动词would的添加，表明了一种猜测的不确定的语气，A选项当中的doubled不能表示这对未来猜测的语气；that of 结构中的that 应该是指代personal spending, 因为如果指代expectations的话，that应该改成复数those才对，这样就是有语法错误了，不符合OG的解释，所以that 应该是指代personal spending。那把personal spending带回选项中，intensifying expectation that personal spending in the July-September quarter more than doubled 【personal spending】of the 1.4 percent growth rate 【in personal spending 】for the previous quarter. 很明显重复。 那也就是说，OG的意思是想说明，这是一个累赘的叙述方式，that of是unnecessary的。 B：正确；would使用正确；简洁清晰。注意：从句that personal spending in the July-September quarter would more than double the 1.4 percent growth rate in personal spending for the previous quarter是普通主谓宾结构而不是比较结构。 其中主语：personal spending；谓语：would double（would后面并没有be，所以真正的谓语动词应该是double）；宾语：1.4 percent growth rate 大意是说7-9月季度的个人开销将使上季度个人开销的1.4%的增长率翻一倍还多。注意，这里more than是副词短语，修饰谓语动词double，有“不止...”的意思，而不是我们常接触到的比较结构 C：先引出一个名词personal spending，然后再用一个由it做主语指代personal spending的句子对其进行解释说明，表达不简洁 D：此项没有语法错误，但是不如B好，of在做修饰名词用的时候，短语类的比较合适用。而that修饰名词时，后面可以加长句子，D项中of之后很长，而且容易引起歧义。that of多余。 E：同C
17、The commission has directed advertisers to restrict the use of the word "natural" to foods that do not contain color of flavor additives, chemical preservatives, or anything that has been synthesized. OG所列考点：Idiom习惯用语；Logical prediction 逻辑表达 A：nothing与not形成双重否定，表示肯定，与句子所要表达意思相反 B：B当中的or that has been和that do not平行，修饰foods，逻辑表达出错，不应该表达为食物是合成的，而是一些合成的原料加入食物 C：and表示和，同，一起；or表示或者；根据句意分析，任意一种原料都不可使用，应该使用or D：正确 E：同C 词汇：synthesized 合成的
18、Plants are more efficient than fungi at acquiring carbon, in the form of carbon dioxide, and converting it to energy-rich sugars. OG所列考点：Logical prediction 逻辑表达 Grammatical construction（句子结构）； A：此选项中in the form of carbon dioxide修饰的是fungi，而正确的逻辑应该是修饰carbon B：此选项中in the form of carbon dioxide修饰的是fungi，而正确的逻辑应该是修饰carbon；此选项意思为吸收carbon比吸收fungi效率高，逻辑错误； C：正确，正确的比较了plants和fungi；in the form of carbon dioxide正确修饰了carbon D：语法错误，句子结构不完整，缺少谓语 E：同B 词汇：fungi真菌，菌类，蘑菇
19、The Iroquois were primarily planters, although they supplemented their cultivation of maize, squash, and beans with fishing and hunting. OG所列考点：Grammatical construction（句子结构）；Verb form 时态 A: 在本句中，分词短语supplementing在语法上应该修饰第一句话，达到语义延伸，描述第一句话的结果。但是由于but的出现，在逻辑上强调的是一种转折，而非语义的延伸，两个句子如果平行，那么表达的意思和重要性应该是对等的。A当中的supplementing和but矛盾，语义同时延伸和转折，错(逻辑上，本句需要的是一个contrast，而不是一个延伸，因此supplementing错) B：and不能表达出对比；过去完成时时态错误 C：and不能表达出转折；and even though 导致sentence fragment D：正确；使用连词although，把原来的并列结构变成主从结构，出现转折从句，逻辑上符合规律；过去时与前面的were相一致 E：“but with ”is awkward and unclear；supplementing是其修饰作用而非对比作用 词汇：supplemented 补充
20、Unlike the honeybee, the yellow jacket can sting repeatedly without dying and carries a potent venom that can cause intense pain OG所列考点：Idiom习惯用语； arallelism平行对称 A：as contrasted with is not a correct idiom B: the honeybee's和the yellow jacket不平行 C: the sting of the honey bee和the yellow jacket不平行 D: that of the honeybee和the yellow sting不平行 E: correct 词汇：potent adj.效力大的；强有力的 venom n.毒液 intense adj.强烈的；热情的；紧张的 补充：in contrast with A,B…; in contrast to A,B…;Unlike A,B…;A,B在语法结构中必须平行。作者: 笨蛋加油 时间: 2012-1-16 23:41
不知道你考完了没……
-- by 会员 Erise (2012/1/16 15:48:23)
11月10号一战的，3月15二战作者: 笨蛋加油 时间: 2012-1-16 23:41
加油~
-- by 会员 michaelmay17 (2012/1/13 2:11:24)
谢谢，一起加油！！！作者: 笨蛋加油 时间: 2012-1-16 23:42
有没有哪位亲能告诉我怎么传附件？？？这样子发好麻烦啊。。。作者: 笨蛋加油 时间: 2012-1-17 20:55
21、Neuroscientist, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language. OG所列考点：Grammatical construction（句子结构）；Logical prediction 逻辑表达 A：正确； B：句子结构不完整，and连接两个并列句，前面的句子没有谓语；over the…像是再修饰adulthood，引起歧义 C：同B，句子结构不完整 D：前半句使用的是现在完成时，后半句使用一般进行时，时态前后不符；drawing像是在修饰adulthood，引起歧义 E：前半句使用的是现在完成时，后半句使用一般进行时，时态前后不符； 词汇：neuroscientist n.神经科学家
22、None of the attempts to specify the cause of crime explains why most of the people exposed to the alleged causes do not commit crimes and, conversely, why so many of those not so exposed do. OG所列考点：Grammatical construction（句子结构）；Parallelism平行对称 句子中是两个群体的比较，由于and和conversely的存在，要使用平行结构，exposed后的动词形式应该和上一个对等，而且commit crimes可以省略。A当中的have、B当中的has、C当中的shall、E当中的could都无法和do not commit crimes对等 D：correct
23、Once designed with its weight concentrated in a metal center, the discus used in track competition is now linked with lead around the perimeter, thereby improving stability in flight and resulting in longer throws. OG所列考点：Grammatical construction（句子结构）；Logical prediction 逻辑表达 Verb form 时态 自己提炼考点：Agreement（代词指代一致） A：这个句子需要两个时态，描述过去的设计应该用过去时态；描述现在的设计应该用现在时；A选项中描述过去的设计用了现在时，错误。代词it指代句子主语weight，不合逻辑。 B：it指代weight，不合逻辑（but后一句当中的it在语法结构上指代the weight，但是the weight is linked with lead逻辑意思错误） C：correct D：句子结构不完整，缺少谓语，fragment E：E当中的后半句没有主要的动词，was once designed必须和is now lined平行，E当中没有is
24、In virtually all types of tissue in every animal species, dioxin induces the production of enzymes that are the organism's attempt to metabolize, or render harmless, the chemical irritant. OG所列考点：Rhetorical construction简洁有效；Diction(措词) A：动词的-ing形式可以用作名词，但是在书面语中，特别是在所有格形式中不倾向这样使用，因此此处trying不合适；that is irritating it在语法上是正确的，但是啰嗦，不简洁 B：trying不合适；trying that it语法错误 C：attempt和try重复 D：同C E：correct 词汇：induce vt.导致；引导；催生 enzyme n. 酶 metabolize vt.使发生新陈代谢 render v.使，致使 irritant n.刺激物 此句的结构和翻译： the chemical irritant.应该是分别做metabolize ,render 的宾语 还原的原句参考如下: In virtually all types of tissue in every animal species, dioxin induces the production of enzymes are the organism’s attempt to metabolize the chemical irritant, or (to) render the chemical irritant harmless 本句翻译为： 几乎每个动物种类的各类组织中,dioxin会引起酶的产生.这种酶使生物机体去新陈代谢化学刺激物或使化学刺激物变得无害
25、Using accounts of various ancient writers, scholars have painted a sketchy picture of the activities of an all-female cult that, perhaps as early as the sixth century B.C., worshipped a goddess known in Latin as Bona Dea," the good goddess" OG所列考点：Rhetorical construction简洁有效；Logical prediction 逻辑表达 A：过去分词短语在句首，修饰主语scholars，A当中based on…短语修饰scholars无法表达任何意义，错 B：it无指代对象 C：wordy D：wordy E：Correct 词汇：sketchy adj.概要的，忽略的 cult n.迷信；崇拜
26、Emily Dickinson's letters to Susan Huntington Dickinson, which were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan's marriage to Emily's brother and ending shortly before Emily's death in 1886,outnumber her letters to anyone else. OG所列考点：Grammatical construction（句子结构）；Parallelism平行对称 A：开头从句过分强调了the period when Dickson’s letters were written，而句子本意是强调Dickson’s letters to the sister-in-law outnumber her letters to anyone else. B: begins和ended动词时态不一致，无法平行 C: ending和that ends动词时态不一致，无法平行；主语letters缺谓语，句子子结构不完整fragment D：主语letters缺谓语，句子子结构不完整fragment E：correct
27、Paleontologists believe that fragment of a primate jawbone unearthed in Burma and estimated to be 40 to 44 million years old provide evidence of a crucial step along the evolutionary path that led to human beings. OG所列考点：Idiom习惯用语；Agreement前后一致（主谓搭配一致） 自己提炼考点：Grammatical construction（句子结构） A：固定搭配estimate…to be，A当中的estimate at，错，at一般修饰地点； B：固定搭配使用错误，应用to be，而不是as being；主谓搭配不一致 C：that it is…从句无语法意义，结构错误；主谓搭配不一致 D：correct E：主谓搭配不一致 词汇：Paleontologist n.古生物学者 primate n.灵长类动物 jawbone下颚骨
28、Building on civilizations that preceded them in coastal Peru, the Mochica developed their own elaborate society, based on the cultivation of such crops as corn and beans, the harvesting of fish and seafood, and the exploitation of other wild and domestic resources. OG所列考点：Parallelism平行对称 Diction(措词) A：不平行；like不能用来举例子，列举 B：correct C：句子结构不完整 D：不平行 E：like不能用来举例子；based it on their cultivating such crops…不符合常用表达，而且啰嗦；E中平行对象搞错了，成了they exploited和they based平行，而不是三者平行，不符合逻辑。 词汇：exploitation n.开发，开采；利用 preceded领先，在…之前 elaborate精心制作的，煞费苦心的
29、The end of the eighteenth century saw the emergence of prize-stock breeding, with individual bulls and cows receiving awards, fetching unprecedented prices, and exciting enormous interest whenever they were put on show. OG所列考点：Parallelism平行对称 A当中的excited,B当中的it excited,D当中的would excite，E当中的it had excited都与并列的receiving和fetching在结构上不平行；D/E当中出现代词it,没有明确的指代对象；D/E当中it引导的新句子在结构上复杂繁冗，引起第一句的错误 词汇：breeding 繁殖
30、For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears. OG所列考点：Rhetorical construction简洁有效；Logical prediction 逻辑表达 A：用 a method来解释items不符合逻辑，而且单复数不一致 B：用 a method来解释items不符合逻辑，而且单复数不一致；as a method protecting不符合习惯表达 C：correct；protecting状语，修饰items，清楚的表达了目的 D：用a protection来解释items不符合逻辑，而且单复数不一致 E：如果military equipment后面没有逗号，那么直接加上不定式to protect表示动作的目的完全可以，但是逗号的存在不可以将to protect不定式用作非限定性的形容词短语来修饰名词items。 词汇：shield n盾 v保护，遮蔽作者: 笨蛋加油 时间: 2012-1-18 19:59
31、Even though many of her colleagues were convinced that genes were relatively simple and static, Brabara McClintock adhered to her own more complicated ideas about how genes might operate, and in 1983,at the age of 81,was awarded a Nobel Prize for her discovery that the genes in corn are capable of moving from one chromosomal site to another. OG所列考点：Rhetorical construction简洁有效；Logical prediction 逻辑表达 Idiom习惯用语 自己提炼考点：Parallelism平行对称（比较结构） A：the conviction和Brabara McClintock比较，两事物不是同类，无法比较； B: were of the conviction of genes being繁冗 C: contrary to many of her colleagues being convinced繁冗 D: correct E: even with many of her colleagues…繁冗 词汇：chromosomal 染色体的
32、Galileo was convinced that natural phenomena, as manifestations of the laws of physics, would appear the same to someone on the deck of a ship moving smoothly and uniformly through the water as to a person standing on land. OG所列考点：Idiom习惯用语 Parallelism平行对称 自己提炼考点：Agreement前后一致 A：A当中as后缺少to，既不平行，也不符合习惯用语 B：习惯用语为a phenomenon appears the same to X(someone)as to Y(a person)，此选项既符合习惯用语，又平行对称 C：分号出现，改变了句子结构，分号后的半句话不是完整的主谓结构，fragment D：当中的it无法指代复数名词phenomena；习惯用语使用错误； E：C：分号出现，改变了句子结构，分号后的半句话不是完整的主谓结构，fragment
33、Because an oversupply of computer chips has sent price plunging, the manufacturer has announced that it will cut production by closing its factories for two days a month. OG所列考点：Agreement前后一致 Rhetorical construction简洁有效 A：correct；题目当中表述的是，由于电脑芯片的过量供应，使得芯片的价钱骤降，所以才导致制造商做出某种决定。最清晰，最有效的表达因果关系的方式就是按着它们发生的时间顺序来表达，才不会引起歧义 B：由which引导的非限定性定语从句修饰prices，which后面的is和修饰对象的数不一致；because of放在句首不太好 C：啰嗦 D：将due to换成caused by不合理，所以错，且due to放在句首不太好；倒叙不符合常用表达习惯，而且意思不清楚 E：due to和with the result表达繁冗，意思重叠 词汇：plunge 急降
34、Beyond the immediate cash flaw crisis that the museum faces, its survival depends on whether it can broaden its membership and can leave its cramped quarters for a site where it can store and exhibit its more than 12,000 artifacts. OG所列考点：Idiom习惯用语 Verb form 时态 A：depend on后面应该跟whether，而不是if.，if只能表示“如果”，不能表示“是否”，因此if错（即if不符合习惯用语） B：correct C: whether：引导宾从用weather；引导状从用weather or not。此处用weather or not错；加上it has the capability啰嗦 D: ability后面应该加to do（习惯用语） E：the ability for it to broaden繁冗，无语法意义。 词汇：cramped 狭窄的
35、Along with the drop in producer prices announced yesterday, the strong retail sales figures released today seem to indicate that the economy, although growing slowly, is not nearing a recession. OG所列考点：Grammatical construction（句子结构）；Agreement前后一致 A：it无法指代复数主语sales figures B：seem as if没错，但是由于indicate后面没有that引出宾语从句，从而导致语法结构错误，而且逻辑不合理 C：正确 D：indicative of无法引导从句 E：of后面无法引导从句；用名词indication代替动词indicate不简洁 词汇: release 释放，发布 recession衰退，不景气
36、Dressed as a man and using the name Robert Shurtleff, Deborah Sampson, the first woman to draw a soldier's pension, joined the Continental Army in 1782 at the age of 22,was injured three times, and was discharged in 1783 because she had become too ill to serve. OG所列考点：Logical prediction 逻辑表达 arallelism平行对称 A：correct；三者平行，且表述符合逻辑 B：while引导的时间状语从句一般倾向与表达主从句动作同时发生，B当中的while being说明injured和discharged是同时发生的，不符合句意； C：discharged应该使用被动语态，因为discharge这个动作不是Sampson自己发出的； D：injured应该使用被动语态 E：having been injured意思是所有的injuries和她的discharge都发生在1783年，不符合逻辑作者: 笨蛋加油 时间: 2012-1-18 20:46
37、Although schistosomiasis is not often fatal, it is so debilitating that it has become an economic drain on many developing countries. OG所列考点：Idiom习惯用语 A：correct，注意it指代schistosomiasis B：economic被economical替换，词语意思不一样，无法替换。Economic 经济上的；有利可图的 economical 节俭的，节省的；debilitation是名词，改变了原句的意思，而且在句子结构上繁冗 C：so X as to Y,是错误搭配，不符合习惯用语；正确搭配为so…that… D:同B E：同B；there be用法错误 词汇：schistosomiasis 血吸虫病
38、In 1850,Lucretia Mott published her Discourse on Women, a treatise that argued for equal political and legal rights for women and for changes in the married women's property laws. OG所列考点：Parallelism平行对称；Rhetorical construction简洁有效 A：arguing in a treatise表达繁冗,是因为之前一句话已经说明LM出版了一本专著D，后面就没有必要再说arguing in a treatise了，明显繁冗，把D和a treatise表达成两个好像没有关系的事物 ing分词形式的短语，是有两种功能的：一是表伴随动作、状态、功能，与句子谓语动作同时发生，逻辑主语等与句子主语 二是表伴随结果，整个句子是原因，导致分词动作 产生，无逻辑主语。而此选项都不是用于这两种用法，因此错。 B：同A C: advocate是及物动词，前半句没错，但是and 后的for无法和前半句平行。 D:同C E：正确；同位语解释，平行正确，argue for正确 词汇：treatise 论文，论述，专著
39、In 1527 King Henry VIII sought to have his marriage to Queen Catherine annulled so that he could marry Anne Boleyn. OG所列考点：Idiom习惯用语；Grammatical construction（句子结构） A：X happened so that Y could happen，So that状语从句，句子中如果出现情态动词，so that表示目的；无情态动词，so that表示结果,A当中的so as to marry不符合常用习惯；so as to marry没有代词出现，不知道谁要结婚 B：and so could be married to表达了一种错误的逻辑意义 C：直接用不定式使句子结构不完整，应该用连词in order to；主动比被动形式更好 D：correct E：would marry表达的是虚拟语气，但是前面没有if条件从句
40、Dr.Tonegawa won the Nobel Prize for discovering how the body can constantly change its genes to fashion a seemingly unlimited number of antibodies, each targeted specifically at an invading microbe or foreign substance. OG所列考点：Idiom习惯用语；Diction(措词) A：adj修饰n./pron. Adv.修饰adj./v./另一个adv., unlimited是形容词，所以需要seemingly这个副词来修饰；因此seeming错 B：同A；target…at为常用搭配,B/D当中的target…to不是最优搭配 C：同A；each同位语不能换成all D：all错；to不好 E：correct作者: 笨蛋加油 时间: 2012-1-18 20:49
整理速度比以前快好多咯，而且做题正确率高很多了，精心整理收获多多！大家加油!作者: 笨蛋加油 时间: 2012-1-19 21:33
41、To develop more accurate population forecasts, demographers would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economic determinants of fertility. OG所列考点：Logical prediction 逻辑表达；Verb form 时态 A：比较对象错误 B：they do正确；但是economical改变了原意 C：economical错 D：correct E：比较对象错误
Prep08解释： 题目释义：To develop…, demographers would have to…more than now they do about… 考点： 比较结构 1.关于economic和economical economic 是”经济上的”，economical是”节约的”。 1)economic [only before noun]PE relating to trade, industry, and the management of money Economic growth is slow. the government's economic policy Economic reform is needed. In the current economic climate (=conditions), we must keep costs down 2) economical =cheap or not wasteful. 选项分析: (A) a great deal与now比较(than后面只有一个成分now，所以a great deal只有与其进行对比)，概念不对等?now作为状语没有与其平行的副词，所以than后面需要有成分能够与a great deal平行，一个好的解决方法是than后面补出主谓，使than前后形成句子的平行，补出谓语的原因是使比较对象没有歧义。 (B) economic的意思是：relating to trade, industry, and the management of money，而economical为便宜or节省的意思，根据逻辑含义应该用economic。 (C) economical使用错误。 (D) Correct；本句使用would have to还是have to都可以(详见补充说明)。 (E) a great deal与now比较，概念不对等 。 补充说明： 1. would have to know是不很肯定的语气，其表达的是have to do的内容只是一个假设，并不是真的“必须”，而have to表达的意思是，要做的事情非常重要，“必须”去做。在本题中两种含义都合理，因此没有必要做这样的区分。 类似题链接： 大全10. A large rise in the number of housing starts in the coming year should boost new construction dollars by several billion dollars, making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago. (A) making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago (B) and make the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago (C) making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than it was five years ago (D) to make the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than five years ago (E) in making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than it as five years ago Key: C 类似例句： The animosity between those who regulate and those who are regulated has never been more pronounced than in recent debates over environmentalism and pollution control. 这个例句中never与in recent debates相对应。
42、Scientists have recently discovered what could be the largest and oldest living organism on Earth, a giant fungus that is an interwoven filigree of mushrooms and rootlike tentacle fungus s spawned by a single fertilized spore some 10,000 years ago and extending for more than 30 acres in the soil of a Michigan forest. (重点) OG所列考点：Verb form 时态； arallelism平行对称 A：extending现在分词和spawned过去分词并列，因为句中有明显的时间状语，spawned refers to something that happened in the past, while extending refers to something that continues into the present. B: extends和spawned不平行，而且是除了is以外的又一个谓语动词，造成句意改变，表达不清； C: extended虽然和spawned平行，但是spawned表达的是过去已经发生过的事情，而extended只能表明发生在过去，而fungus到现在为止还生存在世界上，所以extended不合适 D：it extended和spawned不平行 E：is extending和spawned不平行 词汇：interweave v.与……交织 filigree n.精致物品 spawn v.大量生产 fertilize v.施肥；受精 spore n.孢子 tentacle 触须，触角
43、Laos has a land area comparable to that of Great Britain but a population of only four million people, many of whom are members of hill tribes ensconced in the virtually inaccessible mountain valleys of the north. OG所列考点：Logical prediction 逻辑表达；Grammatical construction（句子结构） A：the land area of Laos和Great Britain比较，比较对象不对等，错；where不能指代population B：there is结构wordy C：many of them, them指代不清，而且句子结构繁冗 D：and改变了原句的合理重心 E：correct；比较对象对等；whom准确的指代people 词汇：ensconced 安置，隐藏 inaccessible难到达的，难接近的，难见到的
Prep08解释： 题目释义：Laos has a land area… but a population… 考点： 1. 比较对象要形式对称，性质相同；特别指出文中size和area是可以比的。 2. land area：土地面积。 3. 连词的运用：仅凭逗号是不可以连接两个句子的。 4. 定语从句的关系连词：that/介词+which。 选项分析： A. Land area不可以和Great Britain不可比；where引导定语从句修饰population错误。 B. is和has不平行；land area和size重复；many无指代对象。 C. 定语从句wordy，用形容词短语就可以，更加简洁，而且意思没减少；land area的重复使用也累赘；population为抽象名词，them指代不明；but后面不成句子，无法与前面平行； with a population of only 4 million限定性修饰Laos错误，显得有很多个Laos。 D. Comparable to the size of Great Britain没有问题；only 4 million in population表达不地道；many无所指；在正式语体里面不应该用and many，而应该用“, many of whom”，否则割裂了many与前句的关系。 E. correct；有说法E中people和population是重复表达，但population和people一个是"数量值"(the number of people),一个人人群，重心不同，并不重复。注意popluation也有all of the people和a city, town的意思，单数名词。
44、The plot of the Bostonians centers on the rivalry that develops between Olive Chancellor, an active feminist, and Basil Ransom, her charming and cynical cousin, when they find themselves drawn to the same radiant young woman whose talent for public speaking has won her an ardent following. OG所列考点：Idiom习惯用语； Rhetorical construction简洁有效 A：between…with…错 B：X against Y错 C：correct D：同A E：随意改变句子成分位置，造成表达不清
45、Quasars, at billions of light-years from Earth the most distant observable objects in the universe, are believed to be the cores of galaxies in an early stage of development. OG所列考点：Grammatical construction（句子结构） A：缺少谓语，fragment B：correct C：语法错误，some believe them to be没有提供一个谓语动词来完成句子结构 D：同C E：同C
46、In ancient Thailand, much of the local artisans' creative energy was expended on the creation of Buddha images and on construction and decoration of the temples in which they were enshrined OG所列考点：Idiom习惯用语； Rhetorical construction简洁有效 arallelism平行对称 A：expended on 花费，用光 ，A当中的expend for错，不符合习惯用语；they指代不清 B：correct：三者并列正确；expended on 固定搭配正确 C：as well as更强调前者，错误；constructing破坏了平行 D：and also把一个句子分成两个，而creating/construcing/decorating是一起修饰energy的，故不简洁 E：as well as错；句子改变了原句的意思
47、Five fledgling sea eagles left their nests in western Scotland this summer, bringing to 34 the number of wild birds successfully raised since transplants from Norway began in 1975. OG所列考点：Grammatical construction（句子结构）； Verb form 时态 自己提炼考点：Agreement前后一致（代词指代一致，主谓搭配一致） A：correct；bringing动名词放在句末做前面动作的状语，结果状语，是前面一系列动作的结果，而不是eagles本身bring B：时态错误；主谓搭配错误 C：it指代错误；时态错误 D：it指代错误 E：语法上虽然没有问题，但是不如A好。（OG原话：it was not the eagles themselves but rather the entire action of their leaving their nests that brought the number to 34）
48、In 1713,Alexander Pope began his translation of the Iliad, a work that took him seven years until complete and that literary critic Samuel Johnson, Pope's contemporary, pronounced the greatest translation in any language. OG所列考点：Grammatical construction（句子结构）；Logical prediction 逻辑表达 A：a work that缺少谓语动词构成完成的句子结构 B：correct C：it指代a work，但是在句子中已经有that来指代a work了，所以这个结构繁冗 D：a work就近修饰Iliad,错误，应该修饰的是Pope's translation. E：同D；连词and改变了原句的重心
Prep08解释： 题目释义： Alexander Pope began his translation …, a work that …. and that…. a work引导同位语从句，修饰the Iliad，that…and that…并列修饰work，第二个that引导的从句中，that(指代a work)做pronounced的宾语，the greatest translation…是宾补。 考点： 平行对称，逻辑表达 1. 逻辑表达，修饰同一对象的成分必须用连词连接使其平行，否则会产生修饰歧义。 2. 平行对称，出现连词and要注意句子的平行对象是否合理并且符合原句意思。 3. pronounce固定搭配: pronounce sb/sth sth 4. 不定式的用法，参照前面182题。 选项分析: (A) taking him seven years until completion做了插入语，使得a work that后面的that从句没有主干内容；take sb. some time until completion中，completion的动作发出者不明。 (B) Correct；sth. that sb. pronounce sth.中pronounce的宾语that已经前置，同时也说明了定语从句先行词在定从中做宾语，在考虑平行、无歧义的情况下，有时需要补出关系代词。 (C) 使用过去完成时态错误，过去完成时表达了had taken发生在began以前：“书在开始翻以前就被翻译好了”，很荒谬；take seven years to complete中take后面省略宾语him使得谁在complete不清楚，好像是指所有人；pronounce it as …it多余，且固定搭配错误，pronounce sb/sth sth中没有as。 (D) a work变成了同位修饰the Iliad，而不是the translation，错误；take后面省略宾语him使得谁在complete不清楚；until completion将take与complete的关系割裂，造成completion的动作发出者不明，同时使得前面take seven years没有意义；pronounce it as …it多余，且固定搭配错误，pronounce sb/sth sth中没有as。 (E) a work变成了同位修饰the Iliad，而不是the translation，错误；使用过去完成时态错误，过去完成时表达了had taken发生在began以前：“书在开始翻以前就被翻译好了”，很荒谬；and后面并没有采用与前面that平行的方式，而是重新起了一个分句，使得句式awkward, weird&unclear。 补充说明： OG12-48的解释： Logical predication; Grammatical construction Pope’s translation of the Iliad, not the Iliad itself, took seven years to complete. Th e main point of the sentence is that Pope began this translation in 1713, and every other comment about it must be subordinated to that opening claim, in parallel relative clauses. A. work that … requires a verb; without it, the sentence is a fragment. B. Correct. Pope’s translation is described as a work, which is then described concisely in two dependent clauses. C. The pronoun it after pronounced is redundant, an ungrammatical reference to a work, which has already been referenced by the relative pronoun that. ungrammatical reference to a work, which has already been referenced by the relative pronoun that. D. The appositive phrase a work … incorrectly refers to the Iliad, not Pope’s translation. E. The appositive phrase a work … incorrectly refers to the Iliad; the coordinating conjunction introduces inappropriate emphasis on Johnson’s description, and the expression is awkward and unclear.
49、The automotive conveyor-belt system, which Henry Ford modeled after an assembly-line technique introduced by Ransom Olds, reduced the time required to assemble a Model T from a day and a half to 93 minutes. OG所列考点：Idiom习惯用语； Rhetorical construction简洁有效 A：固定搭配require to do… ，所以A当中的require…of错；reduce后面直接跟介词短语不符合常用的表达习惯，应该用名词time跟在reduce的后面，直接表达reduce的动作对象 B：being required和down to表达多余，繁冗；逗号没有必要 C：being required表达繁冗；a day and a half to 93 minutes缺少了form to孤立 D：correct E：reduce后面直接跟介词短语不符合常用的表达习惯，应该用名词time跟在reduce的后面，直接表达reduce的动作对象；固定搭配require to do… ，所以required for错误 词汇：conveyor-belt n.传送带 assembly-line n.装配线 assemble vt. 集合，聚合；装配
50、According to some analysts, the gain in the stock market reflect growing confidence that the economy will avoid the recession that many had feared earlier in the year and instead come in for a "soft landing", followed by a gradual increase in business activity.（重点） OG所列考点：Grammatical construction（句子结构）；Rhetorical construction简洁有效 A：correct；that引导的两个从句平行并列，注意come前面省略了will；instead强调了对比（that引导两个并列从句，主语为economy，谓语动词为will avoid和(will) come, Instead在这里表达转折"反而，却"的意思。） B：what不能代替that；the economy to avoid the recession表达繁冗而且逻辑意思不正确；rather to come不符合常用表达 C：earlier in the year应该跟在many had feared后面；instead to come不符合常用表达且与前面不平行 D：recession后面必须加that；现在进行时时态错误；rather to come不符合常用表达 E：that was feared被动语态不简洁，没必要; with it instead coming表达繁冗，而且不符合语法作者: 有理想没有钱 时间: 2012-1-20 06:09
我必须顶起来。。。。。。。。。。。。。。作者: 笨蛋加油 时间: 2012-1-20 11:42 标题: 谢谢支持，整理到70题就会上传word附件O(∩_∩)O~一起加油！
我必须顶起来。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
-- by 会员 有理想没有钱 (2012/1/20 6:09:03)
作者: 笨蛋加油 时间: 2012-1-20 20:24
傻了呢今天，忘掉51--60了。。。明天补上。。。作者: 笨蛋加油 时间: 2012-1-20 20:24
61、Rivaling the pyramids of Egypt or even the ancient cities of the Maya as an achievement, the army of terra-cotta warriors created to protect Qin Shi Huang, China's first emperor, in his afterlife is more than 2,000 years old and took 700,000 artisans more than 36 years to complete them. A. took 700,000 artisans more than 36 years to complete them B. took 700,000 artisans more than 36 years to complete it C. took 700,000 artisans more than 36 years to complete D. 700,000 artisans took more than 36 years to complete E. to complete them took 700,000 artisans more than 36 years （prep08 2 182） 题目释义：the army is …. and took …. years to complete 考点： 题目释义，指代一致 1. 不定式的用法：当不定式修饰其逻辑宾语时，如Can you give me some work to do? 不定式的后面是不能带宾语的。(具体不定式用法见补充说明) 2. Run-on sentence。 选项分析: (A) 当不定式修饰其逻辑宾语时，不定式的后面是不能带宾语的：这个句子里to complete做状语修饰动词took和其逻辑主语是the army of terra-cotta warriors，所以其后面不能再带宾语；them与所指对象the army of terra-cotta warriors单复数不一致。 (B) it必须省略，原因如A。 (C) Correct。 (D) 700,000 artisans重新引出新的句子，and前缺少逗号，形式上是造成了run-on sentence；同时因为主语不一致，complete后面应该加宾语it来指代the army of terra-cotta warriors。 (E) to complete提前使句式awkward，常用习惯表达是sth. took sb. some time to do；them与所指对象the army of terra-cotta warriors单复数不一致。 类似题链接 OG12-61： Rivaling the pyramids of Egypt or even the ancient cities of the Maya as an achievement, the army of terra-cotta warriors created to protect Qin Shi Huang, China’s first emperor, in his afterlife is more than 2,000 years old and took 700,000 artisans more than 36 years to complete. (A) the army of terra-cotta warriors created to protect Qin Shi Huang, China’s fi rst emperor, in his afterlife is more than 2,000 years old and took 700,000 artisans more than 36 years to complete (B) Qin Shi Huang, China’s first emperor, was protected in his afterlife by an army of terracotta warriors that was created more than 2,000 years ago by 700,000 artisans who took more than 36 years to complete it (C) it took 700,000 artisans more than 36 years to create an army of terra-cotta warriors more than 2,000 years ago that would protect Qin Shi Huang, China’s first emperor, in his afterlife (D) more than 2,000 years ago, 700,000 artisans worked more than 36 years to create an army of terra-cotta warriors to protect Qin Shi Huang, China’s first emperor, in his afterlife (E) more than 36 years were needed to complete the army of terra-cotta warriors that 700,000 artisans created 2,000 years ago to protect Qin Shi Huang, China’s first emperor, in his afterlife Logical predication; Rhetorical construction The opening modifier, Rivaling the pyramids … describes the army of terra-cotta warriors, which must immediately follow the modifier. The placement of the predicates that follow is important; they must clarify two things about the army of terra-cotta warriors: how old it is and how long it took to complete. The clearest and most effective way to express these two assertions is as parallel verb phrases, is more than 2,000 years old and took … more than 36 years to complete. A Correct. Th e opening phrase correctly modifies the subject, the army of terra-cotta warriors; the placement of modifiers and predicates in the main clause makes the meaning of the sentence clear. B Opening phrase is a dangling modifier because it does not describe the subject Qin Shi Huang; in addition, the sentence is awkward and unclear. C Opening phrase is a dangling modifier because it does not describe the subject it; the sequence of information presented is confusing and unclear. D Opening phrase is a dangling modifier because it does not describe the subject 700,000 artisans. E Opening phrase is a dangling modifier because it does not describe the subject more than 36 years. The correct answer is A. 补充说明： 1. 不定式做状语的含义： (1) 不定式常常作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。 (2) 不定式作状语时，要注意不定式的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致。 2. 不定式做定语的含义： (1) 不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。如： The next train to arrive is from Washington. Have you anything to be taken to your sister? Do you have anything to say on the question? Would you please give me some paper to write on? My wish to visit France has come true at last. (2) 不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系： 1) 表示将来的动作（例）。 2) 与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，如是不及物动词，则需加介词（例）。 3) 与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，同时与句中其它词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时，尽管有被动含义，却仍用主动语态（例）；如只有动宾关系，而与句中其它词无逻辑上的主谓关系，则需用被动语态（例）。
62、When Congress reconvenes, some newly elected members from rural states will try to establish tighter restrictions on the amount of grain farmers will be allowed to grow and to encourage more aggressive sales of United States farm products overseas. OG所列考点：Idiom习惯用语； arallelism平行对称 自己提炼考点：Rhetorical construction简洁有效 A：A当中的try and是口语用法，不符合书面语用法；破环了平行结构；restriction for不符合常用搭配；are to be allowed结构wordy B：and establish…and encouraging不平行 C：restriction for不符合常用搭配；不平行 D：不平行；capable of being结构wordy E：correct；restrictions on固定搭配正确；平行简洁
63、The yield of natural gas from Norway's Troll gas field is expected to increase annually until the year 2005 and then to stabilize at six billion cubic feet a day, which will allow such an extraction rate at least for 50 years' production. A. 2005 and then to stabilize at six billion cubic feet a day, which will allow such an extraction rate at least for B. 2005 and then to stabilize at six billion cubic feet a day, an extraction rate that will allow at least C. 2005 and then stabilizing at six billion cubic feet a day, with such an extraction rate at the least allowing D. 2005, then stabilizing at six billion cubic feet a day, allowing such an extraction rate for at least E. 2005, then stabilizing at six billion cubic feet a day, which will allow such an extraction rate for at least Prep08 2 208 题目释义：The yield of natural gas...is expected to... and then to..., an extraction rate that... 考点： 逻辑意思，句子结构，动词形式 选项分析： A. which不能修饰整个句子，在这里which指代了the extraction rate，逻辑错误；at least修饰50 years’ production才合理。 B. Correct；to increase and to stabilize并列结构合理。 C. then stabilizing与to increase不平行；with引导的伴随状语错误；at the least错误词组，应该是at least； at least修饰allowing不合理。 D. then stabilizing做to increase的伴随状语逻辑错误；allowing引导的短语修饰对象不明，可以做stablizing的伴随状语(此时嵌套的修饰awkward)，也可以做主句的伴随状语(此时allowing前需要加上and)。 E. stabilizing做结果或伴随逻辑意思不合理；which就近修饰the extraction rate逻辑意思不合理。 补充说明： OG12-63的解释： Rhetorical construction; Verb form; Logical predication The sentence is about predications that Troll gas field’s yield would increase until it stabilized at a particular extraction rate in 2005. The term extraction rate refers to six billion cubic feet a day, so it is redundant and confusingly circular to rename six billion cubic feet with the relative pronoun which in the subject position and then reintroduce extraction rate as the object. A The relative phrase beginning with which is nonsensical, since the pronoun reference is inaccurate, and the phrase essentially says that the extraction rate enables the extraction rate. B Correct. The infinitive to stabilize parallels to increase; information about the six billion cubic feet a day is expressed clearly and concisely in an appositive phrase containing a relative clause (an extraction rate that will allow …). C The phrasing is awkward and unclear; stabilizing is an incorrect verb form; it should be an infi nitive to parallel to increase. D Stabilizing is an incorrect verb form; it should be an infinitive to parallel to increase; the subsequent phrase is awkward and confusing because it is not clear what noun allowing is supposed to modify. E Stabilizing violates the requirement of parallelism, and which introduces a nonsensical redundancy, effectively making the claim that the extraction rate (six billion cubic feet) enables the extraction rate. The correct answer is B.
64、Doctors generally agree that such factors as cigarette smoking, eating rich foods high in fats, and alcohol consumption not only do damage by themselves but also aggravate genetic predispositions toward certain diseases. OG所列考点：Verb form 时态 Logical prediction 逻辑表达 自己提炼考点：Parallelism平行对称 Grammatical construction（句子结构） A：correct：not only…but also B：not only…but also结构不完整；aggravating改变了原文的意思且不符合逻辑 C：同B D：同B E：用进行时不对；aggravating改变了原文的意思且不符合逻辑 词汇：aggravate vt.使恶化，使更严重 genetic n.遗传的 predisposition n.倾向，素质；易染病体质
65、In a plan to stop the erosion of East Coast beaches, the Army Crops of Engineers proposed building parallel to shore a breakwater of rocks that would rise six feet above the waterline and act as a buffer, absorbing the energy of crashing waves and protecting the beaches. OG所列考点：Parallelism平行对称 Idiom习惯用语 自己提炼考点：分词结构放在句尾伴随结果 A：absorb都和后文中的protecting不平行 B：act like表示一种动作或是表现behave（He acts as a fool），而act as表示的是一种功能; breakwater作为一个物体不可能behave，所以应该用act as。（like(介词) + 名词\名词短语，表示比较；as(连词) + 主谓结构，表示比较，强调动作的相似性；as(介词) + 名词，表示作为。） C：correct；平行；act as使用正确；absorbing在句尾做状语修饰前面整句话 D: acting与前面rise不平行 E：acting与前面rise不平行；absorb与后面不平行 词汇：erosion n.腐蚀，侵蚀，磨损 shore vt.支撑，支持 buffer n.缓冲机；vt. 缓冲 breakwater防浪堤作者: 笨蛋加油 时间: 2012-1-20 21:36
66、The 32 species that make up the dolphin family are closely related to whales and in fact include the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow to be 30 feet long and is famous for its aggressive hunting pods. A. include the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow to be 30 feet long and is B. include the animal known as the killer whale, growing as big as 30 feet long and C. include the animal known as the killer whale, growing up to 30 feet long and being D. includes the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow as big as 30 feet long and is E. includes the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow to be 30 feet long and it is （prep08 1 236）
题目释义：The 32 species are related to W and in fact include the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow to be 30 feet long and is famous for… 考点： 逻辑意思（logical predication） 平行结构（parallelism） 习惯用语（idiom） 主谓一致（agreement） 1. 如果前面主句是主谓宾结构(非主系表结构)，现在分词在句尾做状语。 2. grow as big as 40 feet和grow to be 30 feet long意思相同。 选项分析： A. Correct；which指代the killer whale，grow to和is famous for平行。 B. growing做伴随状语修饰了谓语动词include及其主语the 32 species，错误；as big as和long重复，用一个就好(size和length是同一概念)。 C. growing错误同B；being+adj.错误。 D. includes应用复数形式，因为主语是the 32 species，且与其平行的谓语动词用了are；grow as错误同B。 E. includes错误同D；which从句中犯了run-on sentence错误，it应该删去。 补充说明： OG12-66解释： Rhetorical construction; Agreement The subject of the sentence is the 32 species that make up the dolphin family, and the sentence makes two claims about them: Th ey are closely related, and they include the killer whale. The relative pronoun which restates the object of the second verb, reintroducing the animal known as the killer whale as the subject of a relative clause followed by two parallel verbs: can grow and is famous. A Correct. In this concise sentence, verbs agree in number with their subjects and the relative pronoun which indicates clearly that the animal known as the killer whale is the subject of the verbs in the dependent clause. B Changing the verb to the participial growing introduces ambiguity, because it could refer back to the subject of the sentence (32 species). C The participial growing might refer to the 32 species; the introduction of being is unnecessarily wordy and adds nothing in terms of meaning. D as big as is an idiomatically incorrect expression of the comparison; the plural verb form include is needed to match the plural subject the 32 species. E It simply restates the subject of the previous phrase, introducing more words but no additional meaning; the singular verb form includes should be the plural form include. The correct answer is A.
67、Affording strategic proximity to the Strait Gibraltar, Morocco was also of interest to the French throughout the first half of the twentieth century because they assumed that without it their trip on Algeria would never be secure.（重点题） OG所列考点：Verb form 时态（虚拟语气） Rhetorical construction简洁有效 A：由if引导的条件状语从句应该使用虚拟语气，表示“与现在事实相反”，if条件从句为if I(we, you, he, they)+动词过去式（be的过去式用were）,结果主句为I should ，you/he/they would+动词原形。有时可以用用介词短语表示含蓄条件。这个题目中：正确的形式应为：if x happened， then y would happen。因此A中的was应该改为would be B：correct C：was应该改为would be；由于M和A都在it前面，所以导致it指代不清，可以指代Morocco也可以指代Algeria D：that错误，应用it。could never be secure about their grip句意结构awkward E：由于M和A都在it前面，所以导致it指代不清，可以指代Morocco也可以指代Algeria
68、The first trenches that were cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence for centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East that were arising simultaneously with but independently of the more celebrated city-states of southern Mesopotamia, in what is now southern Iraq.（重点题） A. that were cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence for centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East that were arising simultaneously with but B. that were cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, yields strong evidence that centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East were arising simultaneously with but also C. having been cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence that centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East were arising simultaneously but D. cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, yields strong evidence of centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East arising simultaneously but also E. cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar, Syria, have yielded strong evidence that centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East arose simultaneously with but （prep08 2 192） 题目释义：The first trenches …, Syria, have yielded strong evidence that ….. societies (…) arose simultaneously with but independently of the more celebrated city-states …….. simultaneously with与independently of在but前后，构成并列。 在S的TH地方挖出来的500英亩的沟极好地证明了，中央集权的复杂社会在中东的北部地区与更为著名的城邦南美索不达米亚（现在的南伊朗）同时但是独立地出现了。 考点： 逻辑表达，平行对称，简洁有效 1. 在表示发现、理论、现象等等的内容时，用that引导宾语的同位语从句是比较好的结构。从句可以很清楚地说明现象、理论的内容，避免大量的介系词、代词，使句子简单清晰。 2. evidence后面要跟同位语从句来说明evidence的具体内容，而evidence for后面是要跟某个theory或idea来表达evidence支持该theory或idea的。如"evidence FOR evolution"是指支持进化论的证据。 3. 过去进行时与一般过去时的对比： 过去进行时与一般过去时，两者都表示过去发生的动作,但过去进行时表示在过去某一特定的时间点或时间段正在进行的动作,而一般过去时表示在过去时间完成的动作? 例如: I was typing a letter last night. 昨晚我在打一封信?(可能没打完) I typed some letters last night. 我昨晚打了一些信?(已经打完) 4. 现在完成时时与一般现在时： yield用现在完成时与一般现在时都说得通，但是含义不一样，用have yield说明了the first trenches是过去发现的，至今仍能提供证据，而yield的话则是说明是现在发现的，所以用have yield更合理 5. 固定搭配： simultaneous(ly) with：occurring or operating at the same time，同时 independent(ly) of：独立于…之外，与…无关 选项分析： (A) that were cut不如直接done做后置定语简洁；evidence后面要跟同位语从句来说明evidence的具体内容，而evidence for后面是要跟某个theory或idea来表达evidence支持该theory或idea的；were arising时态错，好像在表达rise在那段时间之后还没有结束，应该用一般过去时更合理；第二个that就近修饰northern regions的歧义。 (B) that were cut不如直接done做后置定语简洁；yields错，主谓一致trenches对应yield；were arising时态不对，应该是过去时；yield用现在完成时才合理；but (also)没有问题。 (C) having been不能做限定性修饰，错误；were arising时态错；simutaneously后面要跟上with才能加名词，并且才与independently of平行。 (D) 主谓一致yields错；simultaneously后面缺少with；yield用现在完成时才合理。 (E) Correct。 OG所列考点：Parallelism平行对称 Grammatical construction（句子结构） Agreement前后一致（主谓搭配一致） 词汇：trench n.深沟；战壕 yield v.生产；屈服，放弃
69、Once they had seen the report from the medical examiner, the investigators had no doubt that the body recovered from the river was that of the man who had attempted to escape from the state prison. OG所列考点：Verb form 时态 Diction(措词) A:当doubt用在否定结构中（如：there is no doubt或he does not doubt）时，后面跟that，所以doubt weather错；A dead body can not be a man, the body is that of a man. B:当一个句子前面的从句用了过去完成时，那么后面的从句就应该用一般过去时。本题结构为：Once x had happened, then y happened.因此have应该为had；doubt weather错；A dead body can not be a man, the body is that of a man. C:时态错；A dead body can not be a man, the body is that of a man. D：时态错；doubt weather错 E：correct
70、His studies of ice-polished rocks in his Alpine homeland, far outside the range of present-day glaciers, led Louis Agassiz in 1837 to propose the concept of an age in which great ice sheets existed in what are temperate areas. OG所列考点：Verb form 时态 Rhetorical construction简洁有效 A：had existed，时态错误；now和currently重复 B：correct C：where there were areas now temperate繁冗 D：had existed，时态错误；current应该换为currently；in current temperate areas表达不清楚 E：副词now应该在be动词are后面 注意：此题中用when和in which都可以作者: 笨蛋加油 时间: 2012-1-20 21:36
任务完成，继续看prep。。。作者: 笨蛋加油 时间: 2012-1-21 21:55
51、A new study suggest that the conversational pace of everyday life may be so brisk that it hampers the ability of some children to distinguish discrete sounds and words and, as a result, to make sense of speech. OG所列考点：Rhetorical construction简洁有效 arallelism平行对称 Diction(措词) A：ability/inability of sb. to do… A当中的ability of sb. for…错；and, the result is这个 插入语好像是在说children’s inability to distinguish discrete sounds and words enables them to make sense of speech；so…that…结构不完整 B: correct；被conversational pace of everyday life阻碍的两种能力用平行的的形式表达出来 C：this不能裸奔；the result of this是一个新的主语，在语法上需要有谓语；整个句子wordy and unclear D：句子以这种形式出现表达的是：the conversational pace of everyday life results in not making sense of speech.而把children这个受影响的群体给排除在外了 E：整个句子结构句意wordy，unclear，awkward；for错误同A 词汇：brisk adj.；忙碌的 discrete adj.分离的；不相关联的 make sense of 搞清……的意思
52、Long before it was fashionable to be an expatriate, Josephine Baker made Paris her home, and she remained in France during the Second World War as a performer and an intelligence agent for the Resistance. OG所列考点：Rhetorical construction简洁有效 arallelism平行对称 A：本句是由and引导的并列句，由第二句she做主语看来，根据平行结构，前面一句的主语应该为Josephine Baker，所以A中Paris做主语，错；A当中的To JB…her繁冗 B：For JB, long before…expatriate,在主句前添加两个修饰元素繁冗；结构不对称 C：to be an expatriate was fashionable繁冗 D：correct； E：being错；结构不平行 词汇：fashionable adj.流行的，时髦的 expatriate n.侨民
53、The nineteenth-century chemist Humphry Davy presented the results of his early experiments in his "Essay on Heat and Light," a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a new chemistry that Davy hoped to found. OG所列考点：Rhetorical construction简洁有效 arallelism平行对称 A: correct; a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of做"Essay on Heat and Light,"的同位语；两个功能平行对称 B：不平行对称；and also his envisioning of表达wordy C：不平行对称 D：不平行对称 E：句意confusing，好像是说他在critiqued自己的vision
54、The report recommended that the hospital eliminate unneeded beds, consolidate expensive services, and use space in other hospitals. OG所列考点：Parallelism平行对称 Grammatical construction（句子结构） A：recommend that后面不用再加should，加should重复；run-on-sentence； B：should错；不平行 C：同B D：不平行 E：correct
55、Many house builder offer rent-to-buy programs that enable a family with insufficient savings for a conventional down payment to move into new housing and to apply part of the rent to a purchase later. OG所列考点：Rhetorical construction简洁有效 Logical prediction 逻辑表达 自己提炼考点：Parallelism平行对称 A：to be able to和上文中的enable重复；able to move和to apply不平行对称 B：correct C：分号将句子断开，那么that就不能指代上一句中的program；两个不定式to move 和to apply之间应该用and连接，而不应该是逗号； D：enables不能和复数先行词programs一致 E：which之前不应该使用逗号，因为which引导的是和先行词关系紧密的限定性定语从句；applying跳过which引导的定语从句修饰主句当中的builders，修饰对象发生变化
56、Many of the earliest known images of Hindu deities in India date from the time of the Kushan Empire and were fashioned either from the spotted sandstone of Mathura or from Gandharan grey schist OG所列考点：Parallelism平行对称 Logical prediction 逻辑表达 A：fashioned应该修饰images of Hindu deities ，而A中fashioned过去分词在句末修饰临近的词Empire，错。不平行 B：同A C：同A D：不平行 E：correct 词汇：deity n.神；女神 empire n.帝国 schist n.片岩
57、It can hardly be said that educators are at fault for not anticipating the impact of microcomputer technology: Alvin Toffler, one of the most prominent student of the future, did not even mention microcomputers in Future Shock, published in 1970. OG所列考点：Rhetorical construction简洁有效 Grammatical construction（句子结构） A：尽管用that引导的从句来做句子主语理论上是可以的，但是这种直接叙述的方式很可能会导致语法错误，就像A选项中主句的谓语动词后面直接加从句是不正确的 B：同A；且can hardly be said to be at fault 在语法上不能构成一个完整的从句 C：that it is …who have not繁冗，扭曲原意，无法构成完整的句子结构； D：correct E：the fact繁冗；这种句子结构改变了正确的句意
58、A leading figure in the Scottish Enlightenmen, Adam Smith wrote two major books that are to democratic capitalism what Marx's Das Kapital is to socialism. OG所列考点：Logical prediction 逻辑表达 Idiom习惯用语 A：A leading figure描述的是Adam Smith，而不是Adam Smith'stwo books B：同A；不符合固定搭配习惯用语：X is to Y what A is to B C：同B D：同B E：correct
59、The Olympic Games helped to keep peace among the pugnacious states of the Greek world，for a sacred truce was proclaimed during the month of festival. OG所列考点：Idiom习惯用语 Rhetorical construction简洁有效 A：in that这个词组已经过时，gmat中不再使用；festival's month不如the month of festival好 B：proclaiming的动作发出者不明，proclaiming在句末作状语不合逻辑 C：they指代不清；when没有表达出句子该表达的因果关系 D：correct；for等于because E：wordy and awkward
60、While all states face similar industrial waste problems, the predominating industries and the regulatory environment of each states obviously determine the types and amounts of waste produced, as well as the cost of disposal. OG所列考点：Grammatical construction（句子结构） Agreement前后一致（主谓搭配一致） 自己提炼考点：Logical prediction 逻辑表达 A：主谓搭配错误；句子以while开头，这里的while表让步，相当于although，句子所表达的意思是所有states类似的situation与每一个state不同的situation的一个对比，所以前面从句应用all，后面主句应用each作者: 笨蛋加油 时间: 2012-1-21 21:57
今天LZ不想学习不想学习。。。不过还是强迫自己把每天固定的任务完成。。。唉唉唉。。。发现现在一个一个的选项整理好浪费时间啊，可能整理工作到此结束了，以后有时间会补充完整，希望前70题对初学者有点儿有帮助！一起加油！作者: inknfr 时间: 2012-1-22 16:53
辛苦了作者: Erise 时间: 2012-1-25 21:30
3月21 一战……唉~基本在考虑一战是不是去打酱油了……作者: 笨蛋加油 时间: 2012-1-29 09:03
哈哈，我一战基本也是打酱油的。。。一战成功的很少，不过还是祝你一战成名！作者: lyne1229 时间: 2012-1-30 16:54
加油更新啊~很不错作者: 笨蛋加油 时间: 2012-1-31 21:41
不好意思哦，因为也快临近二战了，复习时间很紧张，所以来不及更新了，等考完一定补充完整，决不食言！！！作者: 任喆 时间: 2012-2-4 14:46
加油哈~~~作者: Meng77 时间: 2012-2-21 23:44
做test的时候错的不行了，现在在做后面的专项练习，参考了很多人的经验，正在像楼主一样一道一道整理后面的专项，确实感觉帮助很大！作者: colinkelly 时间: 2012-3-8 20:58
楼主，24题， render的用法查了下，应该是render a b,把a给b 所以貌似你还原的不对，应该是render harmless, the chemical irritant 请斧正作者: maybe1991 时间: 2012-5-28 16:15
mark！作者: saki爱吃鱼 时间: 2012-10-6 20:10
谢谢楼主分享~~~m(_ _)m作者: 糖姐姐 时间: 2013-2-19 21:03
非常感谢作者: Audre 时间: 2013-4-11 12:04
楼主棒棒～
arallelism,平行对称