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标题: 【每日逻辑练习第二季】【2-14】 [打印本页]

作者: mahaofei001 时间: 2012-1-10 21:53
标题: 【每日逻辑练习第二季】【2-14】
新手发帖啊……都是那只foxxy把我拖下水了哈哈……大家一起fighting了！！

精炼

Columnist: A democratic society cannot exist unless
its citizens have established strong bonds of
mutual trust. Such bonds are formed and
strengthened only by participation in civic
organizations, political parties, and other
groups outside the family. It is obvious then
that widespread reliance on movies and
electronic media for entertainment has an
inherently corrosive effect on democracy.
Which one of the following is an assumption on
which the columnist’s argument depends?
(A) Anyone who relies on movies and electronic
media for entertainment is unable to form a
strong bond of mutual trust with a citizen.
(B) Civic organizations cannot usefully advance
their goals by using electronic media.
(C) Newspapers and other forms of print media
strengthen, rather than weaken, democratic
institutions.
(D) Relying on movies and electronic media for
entertainment generally makes people less
likely to participate in groups outside their
families.
(E) People who rely on movies and electronic
media for entertainment are generally closer
to their families than are those who do not

逻辑链

61The more frequently employees take time to exercise during working hours each week, the fewer sick days they take. Even employees who exercise only once a week during working hours take less sick time than those who do not exercise. Therefore, if companies started fitness programs, the absentee rate in those companies would decrease significantly.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?

(A) Employees who exercise during working hours occasionally fall asleep for short periods of time after they exercise.
(B) Employees who are frequently absent are the least likely to cooperate with or to join a corporate fitness program.
(C) Employees who exercise only once a week in their company's fitness program usually also exercise after work.
(D) Employees who exercise in their company's fitness program use their working time no more productively than those who do not exercise.
(E) Employees who exercise during working hours take slightly longer lunch breaks than employees who do not exercise.

62. (33903-!-item-!-188;#058&007604)

Recently a court ruled that current law allows companies to reject a job applicant if working in the job would entail a 90 percent chance that the applicant would suffer a heart attack. The presiding judge justified the ruling, saying that it protected both employees and employers.
The use of this court ruling as part of the law could not be effective in regulating employment practices if which of the following were true?

(A) The best interests of employers often conflict with the interests of employees.
(B) No legally accepted methods exist for calculating the risk of a job applicant's having a heart attack as a result of being employed in any particular occupation.
(C) Some jobs might involve health risks other than the risk of heart attack.
(D) Employees who have a 90 percent chance of suffering a heart attack may be unaware that their risk is so great.
(E) The number of people applying for jobs at a company might decline if the company, by screening applicants for risk of heart attack, seemed to suggest that the job entailed high risk of heart attack.
63. (33951-!-item-!-188;#058&007609)

Guitar strings often go "dead"--become less responsive and bright in tone--after a few weeks of intense use. A researcher whose son is a classical guitarist hypothesized that dirt and oil, rather than changes in the material properties of the string, were responsible.

Which of the following investigations is most likely to yield significant information that would help to evaluate the researcher's hypothesis?

(A) Determining if a metal alloy is used to make the strings used by classical guitarists
(B) Determining whether classical guitarists make their strings go dead faster than do folk guitarists
(C) Determining whether identical lengths of string, of the same gauge, go dead at different rates when strung on various brands of guitars
(D) Determining whether a dead string and a new string produce different qualities of sound
(E) Determining whether smearing various substances on new guitar strings causes them to go dead

64. (33999-!-item-!-188;#058&007610)

To protect certain fledgling industries, the government of country Z banned imports of the types of products those industries were starting to make. As a direct result, the cost of those products to the buyers, several export-dependent industries in Z, went up, sharply limiting the ability of those industries to compete effectively in their export markets.

Which of the following can be most properly inferred from the passage about the products whose importation was banned?

(A) Those products had been cheaper to import than they were to make within country Z's fledgling industries.
(B) Those products were the ones that country Z was hoping to export in its turn, once the fledgling industries matured.
(C) Those products used to be imported from just those countries to which country Z's exports went.
(D) Those products had become more and more expensive to import, which resulted in a foreign trade deficit just before the ban.
(E) Those products used to be imported in very small quantities, but they were essential to country Z's economy.

作者: mahaofei001 时间: 2012-1-10 21:56
逻辑链答案BBEA

作者: mahaofei001 时间: 2012-1-10 21:58
The stimulus contains conditional reasoning, and can be diagrammed as follows:
DS = democratic society exists
SB = citizens establish strong bonds of mutual trust
PCO = participation in civic organizations, political parties, and other groups outside the family
Premises: DS SB PCO
Conclusion: Widespread reliance on movies and electronic media for entertainment has an
inherently corrosive effect on democracy.
The conclusion brings in a new element—reliance on movies and electronic media—and you should
expect to see that element in the correct answer choice. First, let us take a moment to closely examine the
conclusion. The wording in the conclusion is interesting: “has an inherently corrosive effect on
democracy.” We know from the premises that a democratic society relies on both citizens and participation
in groups outside the family. How then can the author suggest that democracy is being corroded? Since
corrosion implies an undermining force, democracy can be undermined by attacking the conditions it relies
upon. If, for example, the participation in organizations outside the family was curtailed, this would
eventually enact a contrapositive that would undermine the existence of democratic society. The
assumption that is needed therefore, is to show that movies and other electronic media somehow lead to a
lessening of participation in civic organizations, political parties, and other groups outside the family. This
is the connection made in answer choice (D), the correct answer.

Answer choice (A): This was the most commonly selected wrong answer, and this answer is incorrect
because it exaggerates the situation. The author does not assume that anyone would be unable to form a
strong bond of trust. The argument was clear about a corrosive effect on democracy. This answer, if it
were an assumption, would lead to the end of democracy. That result is too strong for the author’s
conclusion.
Answer choice (B): The author makes no assumption regarding organizations advancing their agenda.
Answer choice (C): The argument is not about newspapers and print media.
Answer choice (D): This is the correct answer. This Supporter assumption connects the new element in the
conclusion back to the conditional relationship in the premises.
Answer choice (E): The author does not assume that closeness to the family is a bad thing, but that one

作者: qiuhua01234567 时间: 2012-1-10 22:13
shafa
Assumption

Conclusion：It is obvious thenthat widespread reliance on movies andelectronic media for entertainment has aninherently corrosive effect on democracy.

Premise:Such bonds are formed andstrengthened only by participation in civic
organizations, political parties, and othergroups outside the family

(A)Anyone who relies on movies and electronic
media for entertainment is unable to form a
strong bond of mutual trust with a citizen.(W)
(B) Civic organizations cannot usefully advance
their goals by using electronic media.(W)
(C) Newspapers and other forms of print media
strengthen, rather than weaken, democratic
institutions.(no tie)
(D) Relying on movies and electronic media for
entertainment generally makes people less
likely to participate in groups outside their
families.
(E) People who rely on movies and electronic
media for entertainment are generally closer
to their families than are those who do not(W)

Background: The more frequently employees take time to exercise during working hours each week, the fewer sick days they take

Conclusion: Therefore, if companies started fitness programs, the absentee rate in those companies would decrease significantly.

Premise: if companies started fitness programs,

(A)Employees who exercise during working hours occasionally fall asleep for short periods of time after they exercise.
(B) Employees who are frequently absent are the least likely to cooperate with or to join a corporate fitness program.
(C) Employees who exercise only once a week in their company's fitness program usually also exercise after work.
(D) Employees who exercise in their company's fitness program use their working time no more productively than those who do not exercise.
(E) Employees who exercise during working hours take slightly longer lunch breaks than employees who do not exercise.

Conclusion: The presiding judge justified the ruling, saying that it protected both employees and employers

Premise: Recently a court ruled that current law allows companies to reject a job applicant if working in the job would entail a 90 percent chance that the applicant would suffer a heart attack

(A)The best interests of employers often conflict with the interests of employees.
(B) No legally accepted methods exist for calculating the risk of a job applicant's having a heart attack as a result of being employed in any particular occupation.
(C) Some jobs might involve health risks other than the risk of heart attack.
(D) Employees who have a 90 percent chance of suffering a heart attack may be unaware that their risk is so great.
(E) The number of people applying for jobs at a company might decline if the company, by screening applicants for risk of heart attack, seemed to suggest that the job entailed high risk of heart attack.

Evalution: A researcher whose son is a classical guitarist hypothesized that dirt and oil, rather than changes in the material properties of the string, were responsible.

(A)Determining if a metal alloy is used to make the strings used by classical guitarists
(B) Determining whether classical guitarists make their strings go dead faster than do folk guitarists
(C) Determining whether identical lengths of string, of the same gauge, go dead at different rates when strung on various brands of guitars
(D) Determining whether a dead string and a new string produce different qualities of sound
(E) Determining whether smearing various substances on new guitar strings causes them to go dead

Conclusion: the cost of those products to the buyers, several export-dependent industries in Z, went up, sharply limiting the ability of those industries to compete effectively in their export markets

作者: bananazoo 时间: 2012-1-10 22:18
加油~

作者: fox0923 时间: 2012-1-10 22:59

吗啡上任，捧场来了！-----------------------------------------------------
第一个做，沙发~~~

精练----------------35s--------------------assumption
Background: Democracy can exist when the citizens have bonds of mutual trust.
Premise: The bonds can only be established within the political parties and other groups.
Conclusion: The electronic media are corrosive to the democracy.
PRephrase：The electronic media and movie are not included in the sphere that the bonds can be established.

Analysis:
(A) Anyone who relies on movies and electronic
media for entertainment is unable to form a
strong bond of mutual trust with a citizen.---------------------------anyone who relies on movies is unable to form a strong bond with a citizen没提到。
(B) Civic organizations cannot usefully advance
their goals by using electronic media.---------------------------------这个conclusion不是说civic organization为重点的。
(C) Newspapers and other forms of print media
strengthen, rather than weaken, democratic
institutions.-----------------------------------------------------------------正好和conclusion相反。weaken conclusion！
(D) Relying on movies and electronic media for
entertainment generally makes people less
likely to participate in groups outside their
families.---------------------------------------------------------------------participation提到过， such bonds are formed and
strengthened only by participation in civic organizations, political parties, and other groups outside the family. correct！
(E) People who rely on movies and electronic
media for entertainment are generally closer
to their families than are those who do not----------------------------是不是closer to family 没提到！

作者: daisyの小夢想 时间: 2012-1-10 23:26
mafei 你忘了感谢pupu 我们家pupu在你的位置上辛勤劳动了3个月！！~~~

作者: mahaofei001 时间: 2012-1-11 09:47
必须感谢每一个在CD上认识的人啊~~呵呵~~~

作者: chensong211 时间: 2012-1-11 10:51
加油！

作者: corneliaflower 时间: 2012-1-11 18:47
又开始了！！！好呀支持吗啡~
花儿也要调整一下状态争取这几天跟进了~

作者: evamimi 时间: 2012-1-11 22:11
P:Such bonds are formed and strengthened only by participation in civic organizations, political parties, and other groups outside the family

P:It is obvious then that widespread reliance on movies and electronic media for entertainment has an inherently corrosive effect on democracy.

C: A democratic society cannot exist unless its citizens have established strong bonds of mutual trust

Prephase: bonds formed only by participation in xxx outside family---Reliance on media has effect on democracy---??---A democratic societhy can not exist unless strong bonds of trust

Type: Assumption

Answer: D

作者: jetyxo 时间: 2012-7-3 18:19
1 25" premise: democratic society== mutual trust------> people participate in groups outside family
conclusion: movies and electronic media for entertainment has an inherently corrosive effect on democracy.
assumption? movies and electronic media ==actions which does not encourage people participate in groups outside family
answer: D
----------------------------------------------------
2 27" premise: the more frequently people take time to exercise, the fewer sick day in work time
conclusion:if company start fitness program, the absence rate will decline
weaken? fewer sick day =/ declined absence rate , people who alway absent is for other reason
answer:B
--------------------------------------------
3 33" background: it will be reasonable to reject a job applicant who has possibility of 90% heart attact at work time
conclusion: this law is effect
weaken? people can not justify which applicant has this possibility
answer: B
---------------------------------------------
4 23" background: gutar will dead after sevral weeks of intensive use
P: the gutar death is resulted from mud and oil ,rather than material used
evaluate? E
-----------------------------------------
5 34"background: to protect some industries, goverment put limit on the import of the product
result: increase the cost of some export-reliant industries---> uncompetitive at the export market
refer? A

作者: xiongyz 时间: 2012-11-5 20:18
1.   34s
P:Columnist: A democratic society cannot exist unless its citizens have established strong bonds of mutual trust. Such bonds are formed and strengthened only by participation in civic organizations, political parties, and other groups outside the family.
C: It is obvious then that widespread reliance on movies and electronic media for entertainment has an inherently corrosive effect on democracy.
Assumption: media会减少participation
(A)Anyone who relies on movies and electronic media for entertainment is unable to form a strong bond of mutual trust with a citizen. ---看了解答。。。不会corrosive, 而是end, 语气太重
(B) Civic organizations cannot usefully advance their goals by using electronic media. ---irrelevant
(C) Newspapers and other forms of print media strengthen, rather than weaken, democratic institutions. ---irrelevant info, print media
(D) Relying on movies and electronic media for entertainment generally makes people less likely to participate in groups outside their families. ---correct
(E) People who rely on movies and electronic media for entertainment are generally closer to their families than are those who do not. ---irrelevant

2.   29s
P: The more frequently employees take time to exercise during working hours each week, the fewer sick days they take. Even employees who exercise only once a week during working hours take less sick time than those who do not exercise.
C: Therefore, if companies started fitness programs, the absentee rate in those companies would decrease significantly.
Weaken: fitness programs will make people rest more…
(A) Employees who exercise during working hours occasionally fall asleep for short periods of time after they exercise. ---fall asleep and absentee rate are not necessarily related
(B) Employees who are frequently absent are the least likely to cooperate with or to join a corporate fitness program. ---correct, 经常absent的不会参加program, 所以不能改善rate
(C) Employees who exercise only once a week in their company's fitness program usually also exercise after work. ---irrelevant
(D) Employees who exercise in their company's fitness program use their working time no more productively than those who do not exercise. ---irrelevant, productivity
(E) Employees who exercise during working hours take slightly longer lunch breaks than employees who do not exercise. ---irrelevant, longer lunch breaks

3.   39s
P: Recently a court ruled that current law allows companies to reject a job applicant if working in the job would entail a 90 percent chance that the applicant would suffer a heart attack. saying that it protected both employees and employers.
C: The presiding judge justified the ruling
Weaken：判断heart attack几率的方法对双方不利
(A) The best interests of employers often conflict with the interests of employees. ---irrelevant
(B) No legally accepted methods exist for calculating the risk of a job applicant's having a heart attack as a result of being employed in any particular occupation. ---correct, 合理的测量方法不存在，所以不应该justify
(C) Some jobs might involve health risks other than the risk of heart attack. ---irrelevant
(D) Employees who have a 90 percent chance of suffering a heart attack may be unaware that their risk is so great. ---support, 因为不能察觉，所以law应该被justify来保护双方
(E) The number of people applying for jobs at a company might decline if the company, by screening applicants for risk of heart attack, seemed to suggest that the job entailed high risk of heart attack. ---无关

4.   26s
P: Guitar strings often go "dead"--become less responsive and bright in tone--after a few weeks of intense use.
C: A researcher whose son is a classical guitarist hypothesized that dirt and oil, rather than changes in the material properties of the string, were responsible.
Evaluate: dirt and oil会不会使新吉他go dead
(A) Determining if a metal alloy is used to make the strings used by classical guitarists---材质无关
(B) Determining whether classical guitarists make their strings go dead faster than do folk guitarists---与不同品种吉他无关
(C) Determining whether identical lengths of string, of the same gauge, go dead at different rates when strung on various brands of guitars ---与rate和安装在不同品牌吉他上无关
(D) Determining whether a dead string and a new string produce different qualities of sound---与音质是否差异无关
(E) Determining whether smearing various substances on new guitar strings causes them to go dead. ---correct，脏东西会不会让新吉他go dead

5.   34s
P: To protect certain fledgling industries, the government of country Z banned imports of the types of products those industries were starting to make. As a direct result, the cost of those products to the buyers, several export-dependent industries in Z, went up, sharply limiting the ability of those industries to compete effectively in their export markets.
infer about the products whose importation was banned: 价格升高了
(A) Those products had been cheaper to import than they were to make within country Z's fledgling industries. ---correct
(B) Those products were the ones that country Z was hoping to export in its turn, once the fledgling industries matured.
(C) Those products used to be imported from just those countries to which country Z's exports went.
(D) Those products had become more and more expensive to import, which resulted in a foreign trade deficit just before the ban.
(E) Those products used to be imported in very small quantities, but they were essential to country Z's economy.

作者: zxppx 时间: 2013-1-22 19:01
5.

Columnist: A democratic society cannot exist unless
its citizens have established strong bonds of
mutual trust. Such bonds are formed and
strengthened only by participation in civic
organizations, political parties, and other
groups outside the family. It is obvious then
that widespread reliance on movies and
electronic media for entertainment has an
inherently corrosive effect on democracy.
Which one of the following is an assumption on
which the columnist’s argument depends?
(A) Anyone who relies on movies and electronic
media for entertainment is unable to form a
strong bond of mutual trust with a citizen.

It strengthens the conclusion by showing that the function of movies and electronic media for entertainment with people.

Actually, this answer is too strong, and will lead to the end of democracy, rather than corrupt.
(B) Civic organizations cannot usefully advance
their goals by using electronic media.
(C) Newspapers and other forms of print media
strengthen, rather than weaken, democratic
institutions.
(D) Relying on movies and electronic media for
entertainment generally makes people less
likely to participate in groups outside their
families.

It seems to be contender, but it is not as strong as A.

It is the best answer, by showing that the passive influence of relying on movies and electronic media for entertainment.
(E) People who rely on movies and electronic
media for entertainment are generally closer
to their families than are those who do not

61The more frequently employees take time to exercise during working hours each week, the fewer sick days they take. Even employees who exercise only once a week during working hours take less sick time than those who do not exercise. Therefore, if companies started fitness programs, the absentee rate in those companies would decrease significantly.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?

(A) Employees who exercise during working hours occasionally fall asleep for short periods of time after they exercise.

Since the conclusion is about reducing the absentee rate, even though employees would fall asleep for short periods of time, the plan may still be effective.
(B) Employees who are frequently absent are the least likely to cooperate with or to join a corporate fitness program.

In this case, it points out the problem of the fitness programs, thus weakening the argument.
(C) Employees who exercise only once a week in their company's fitness program usually also exercise after work.

Exercise after work is outside the scope of the argument, thus having no effect on the argument.
(D) Employees who exercise in their company's fitness program use their working time no more productively than those who do not exercise.

The comparison about productivity is irrelevant.
(E) Employees who exercise during working hours take slightly longer lunch breaks than employees who do not exercise.

Lunch breaks cannot weaken the argument.

62. (33903-!-item-!-188;#058&007604)

Recently a court ruled that current law allows companies to reject a job applicant if working in the job would entail a 90 percent chance that the applicant would suffer a heart attack. The presiding judge justified the ruling, saying that it protected both employees and employers.
The use of this court ruling as part of the law could not be effective in regulating employment practices if which of the following were true?

我把文章理解错了，以为是雇主可以因为雇员有心脏病而拒绝雇佣！但是，这里说的是雇主可以拒绝一个雇员，理由是这个人做这份工作的话有90%的几率会出现心脏病！目的是要削弱这个规定的作用
(A) The best interests of employers often conflict with the interests of employees.

The best interests are too strong, while the argument talks about “it protected both employees and employers”.
(B) No legally accepted methods exist for calculating the risk of a job applicant's having a heart attack as a result of being employed in any particular occupation.

It is very complicated to understand this answer choice, but it, in fact, has nothing to do with the argument. Because the legally accepted methods, its aim at calculating the risk of a job applicant’s having a heart attack as a result of being employed in any particular occupation, is irrelevant.

文中说到90%的几率，但是如果没有合法的方式来确定这个几率的话，那么这条法规就是无效的！
(C) Some jobs might involve health risks other than the risk of heart attack.

Those jobs are outside the scope of the argument.
(D) Employees who have a 90 percent chance of suffering a heart attack may be unaware that their risk is so great.

It cannot weaken the argument.
(E) The number of people applying for jobs at a company might decline if the company, by screening applicants for risk of heart attack, seemed to suggest that the job entailed high risk of heart attack.

In this case, the answer choice accurately points out a disadvantage to the interests of employers, since they cannot choose the most suitable from the limited number of employees. BA

文中说的是雇主因为申请者在工作中有90%发生心脏病的几率而拒绝雇员，和申请工作的人数下降无关

63. (33951-!-item-!-188;#058&007609)

Guitar strings often go "dead"--become less responsive and bright in tone--after a few weeks of intense use. A researcher whose son is a classical guitarist hypothesized that dirt and oil, rather than changes in the material properties of the string, were responsible.

Which of the following investigations is most likely to yield significant information that would help to evaluate the researcher's hypothesis?

(A) Determining if a metal alloy is used to make the strings used by classical guitarists

A metal alloy cannot weaken the son’s hypothesis.
(B) Determining whether classical guitarists make their strings go dead faster than do folk guitarists

The comparison between classical guitarists and folk guitarists is irrelevant.
(C) Determining whether identical lengths of string, of the same gauge, go dead at different rates when strung on various brands of guitars

The comparison among various brands of guitars has no effect on the argument.
(D) Determining whether a dead string and a new string produce different qualities of sound

This comparison is outside the scope of the argument.
(E) Determining whether smearing various substances on new guitar strings causes them to go dead

Yes, since the argument reveals that dirt and oil may contribute to the “dead” strings, this answer choice accurately reveals this point. BA

64. (33999-!-item-!-188;#058&007610)

To protect certain fledgling industries, the government of country Z banned imports of the types of products those industries were starting to make. As a direct result, the cost of those products to the buyers, several export-dependent industries in Z, went up, sharply limiting the ability of those industries to compete effectively in their export markets.

Which of the following can be most properly inferred from the passage about the products whose importation was banned?

(A) Those products had been cheaper to import than they were to make within country Z's fledgling industries.

Yes, since the argument reveals that the cost of those products to the buyers went up, we can infer that those products had been cheaper to import than they were to make within country Z’s fledgling industries. BA
(B) Those products were the ones that country Z was hoping to export in its turn, once the fledgling industries matured.

“Once the fledgling industries matured” are not talked about in the argument.
(C) Those products used to be imported from just those countries to which country Z's exports went.

Whether Z imported those products from the same country that Z’s exports went is irrelevant.
(D) Those products had become more and more expensive to import, which resulted in a foreign trade deficit just before the ban.

The change in the prices of those products cannot be concluded from the argument.
(E) Those products used to be imported in very small quantities, but they were essential to country Z's economy.

This answer choice cannot be inferred from the passage.

作者: angelann728 时间: 2013-5-6 13:59
滚过来补作业

Bible：
逻辑链：
Premise: A democratic society cannot exist unless its citizens have established strong bonds of mutual trust. Such bonds are formed and strengthened only by participation in civic organizations, political parties, and other groups outside the family.
Conclusion: It is obvious then that widespread reliance on movies and electronic media for entertainment has an inherently corrosive effect on democracy.
选择：D
A E 均是干扰项但感觉都不如D直接
B 无关civic organization的宣传方式
C weaken

Prep
21’
Premise：exercise can reduce sick
Conclusion：fitness program in a company can decrease the absentee rate significantly.

Weaken：B
A 无关是否在运动后睡觉
C 没有Weaken
D 跟生产效率无关
E 没有交代吃午饭时间长有什么不好无关

27’
法院规定公司可以拒绝90%以上可能在工作过程中犯心脏病的职位申请者这对雇主和雇员都是有利的

解释这条法律not be effective in regulating 的原因：D

18’
conclusion: 造成吉他音准问题的是灰尘和油，而不是金属性能的改变

Evaluate：E
A 跟具体材料无关
B 跟弹奏人无关
C 跟长度无关
D 肯定是不一样的没有把dirt & oil 也放进去讨论

17’
ban imports – as a result- the cost of those products went up
Infer: A cost就是成本问题反映到售价上进口更低

作者: lyrsilvia 时间: 2013-9-29 21:42
1. 22'
P: A democratic society cannot exist unless its citizens have established strong bonds of mutual trust. Such bonds are formed and strengthened only by participation in civic organizations, political parties, and other groups outside the family.
C: widespread reliance on movies and electronic media for entertainment has an inherently corrosive effect on democracy.
ASSUMPTION: media for entertainment cannot establish strong bonds of mutual trust (方向太过了，整个逻辑链是【participation in civic organizations, political parties, and other groups outside the family】-->【established strong bonds of mutual trust】-->【 democratic society 】所以assumption应该是第一个【】的assumption，而不是第二个【】，exaggerates the situation.)
答案：A
(A) Anyone who relies on movies and electronic media for entertainment is unable to form a strong bond of mutual trust with a citizen.---------seems correct
(B) Civic organizations cannot usefully advance their goals by using electronic media.----------advance goals are not discussed in the question.
(C) Newspapers and other forms of print media strengthen, rather than weaken, democratic institutions.-----------other media is not the topical subject
(D) Relying on movies and electronic media for entertainment generally makes people less likely to participate in groups outside their families.---------------participate other groups are not the issue. less likely does not mean never. CORRECT
(E) People who rely on movies and electronic media for entertainment are generally closer to their families than are those who do not-------------the comparison between these two kind of people is irrelevant

B B E A

作者: 艾筱豆 时间: 2013-10-4 21:34
Strong bonds of mutual trust then democracy country
Such bonds can only be realized by attending the civic organizations
The movies are related to the democracy
Just prove the movies and so on belong to the civic organization
C
B
B
E
A

作者: sakurasong 时间: 2013-10-5 00:40
ABBEA
1.
P: Democratic society cannot exist unless its citizen have established strong bonds of mutual trust
P: such bonds are formed and strengthened only by participation in CO PP and other groups outside the family.
C: widespread reliance on movies and EM has an inherently corrosive effect on democracy

A: Relying on movies and EM makes people less likely to participate in groups outside their family.

作者: w.melhere 时间: 2013-11-14 10:32
今天的精炼错啦。后来发现是不认识corrosive这个词...天真的当成关联的意思了...
还有看了讲解 The conclusion brings in a new element—reliance on movies and electronic media—and you should
expect to see that element in the correct answer choice. 这句话很受教呢。

第三题也错了...因为...完全没有仔细看题目中这句话...The use of this court ruling as part of the law could not be effective in regulating employment practices... 问的是实施时的有效性。那当然应该选B无法在实际中测量啦！这个坏毛病一定要改！！

作者: 苏错 时间: 2013-12-4 09:26

12.04

【精练】

Premise: citizens established strong bonds of mutual trustà a democratic society

Premise: Participation in civic organizations, political parties andother groupsà form such bonds

Conclusion: widespread reliance corrosive effect democracy

Assumption?—A correct (The author does not assume that anyone would beunable to form a strong bond of trust. That resultis too strong for the author’s conclusion. )

(D The assumption that is needed therefore, is to show that movies andother electronic media somehow lead to a lessening of participation in civic organizations,political parties, and other groups outside the family. )

【逻辑链】

1. take time to exercise à less sick day

fitness programsàabsentee rate decrease

weaken—B

2. reject a application if …

weaken—B

3. dirt and oilà strings go dead

evaluate—E

4. ban importsà protect certain industriesàcost went up, limit the ability for competition

inference—A

作者: irenetopia 时间: 2013-12-16 14:51
精炼

Columnist: A democratic society cannot exist unless
its citizens have established strong bonds of
mutual trust. Such bonds are formed and
strengthened only by participation in civic
organizations, political parties, and other
groups outside the family. It is obvious then
that widespread reliance on movies and
electronic media for entertainment has an
inherently corrosive effect on democracy.
Which one of the following is an assumption on
which the columnist’s argument depends?
Logic: bonds——democratic society
CO PP GOF——bonds
Media——corrosive effect on democratic
Assumption: CPG rely on Media
(A) Anyone who relies on movies and electronic
media for entertainment is unable to form a
strong bond of mutual trust with a citizen.——weaken
(B) Civic organizations cannot usefully advance
their goals by using electronic media.——weaken
(C) Newspapers and other forms of print media
strengthen, rather than weaken, democratic
institutions.——反了哎跟前提
(D) Relying on movies and electronic media for
entertainment generally makes people less
likely to participate in groups outside their
families.——bingo！
(E) People who rely on movies and electronic
media for entertainment are generally closer
to their families than are those who do not——irrelevant

逻辑链

61The more frequently employees take time to exercise during working hours each week, the fewer sick days they take.  Even employees who exercise only once a week during working hours take less sick time than those who do not exercise.  Therefore, if companies started fitness programs, the absentee rate in those companies would decrease significantly.
logic:more exercise more healthy
Start fitness programs to decrease sick employees
Weaken: does the fitness can make lazy employees to do exercise, if they do not do?
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?

(A) Employees who exercise during working hours occasionally fall asleep for short periods of time after they exercise.——irrelevant
(B) Employees who are frequently absent are the least likely to cooperate with or to join a corporate fitness program.——bingo!
(C) Employees who exercise only once a week in their company's fitness program usually also exercise after work.——irrelevant
(D) Employees who exercise in their company's fitness program use their working time no more productively than those who do not exercise.——irrelevant
(E) Employees who exercise during working hours take slightly longer lunch breaks than employees who do not exercise.——irrelevant

62. (33903-!-item-!-188;#058&007604)

Recently a court ruled that current law allows companies to reject a job applicant if working in the job would entail a 90 percent chance that the applicant would suffer a heart attack.  The presiding judge justified the ruling, saying that it protected both employees and employers.
The use of this court ruling as part of the law could not be effective in regulating employment practices if which of the following were true?
logic：reject an applicant that may suffer a heart attack
May protect employers and employees
Weaken:how can they calculate the risk?

(A) The best interests of employers often conflict with the interests of employees.——irrelevant
(B) No legally accepted methods exist for calculating the risk of a job applicant's having a heart attack as a result of being employed in any particular occupation.——bingo
(C) Some jobs might involve health risks other than the risk of heart attack.——irrelevant!
(D) Employees who have a 90 percent chance of suffering a heart attack may be unaware that their risk is so great.——irrelevant
(E) The number of people applying for jobs at a company might decline if the company, by screening applicants for risk of heart attack, seemed to suggest that the job entailed high risk of heart attack.——irrelevant
63. (33951-!-item-!-188;#058&007609)

Guitar strings often go "dead"--become less responsive and bright in tone--after a few weeks of intense use.  A researcher whose son is a classical guitarist hypothesized that dirt and oil, rather than changes in the material properties of the string, were responsible.

Which of the following investigations is most likely to yield significant information that would help to evaluate the researcher's hypothesis?
logic:dirt and oil make the guitar dead rather than intense use
Evaluate: to contract the two material
(A) Determining if a metal alloy is used to make the strings used by classical guitarists——irrelevant
(B) Determining whether classical guitarists make their strings go dead faster than do folk guitarists——irrelevant
(C) Determining whether identical lengths of string, of the same gauge, go dead at different rates when strung on various brands of guitars——irrelevant
(D) Determining whether a dead string and a new string produce different qualities of sound——irrelevant
(E) Determining whether smearing various substances on new guitar strings causes them to go dead——bingo! Comparing material

64. (33999-!-item-!-188;#058&007610)

To protect certain fledgling industries, the government of country Z banned imports of the types of products those industries were starting to make.  As a direct result, the cost of those products to the buyers, several export-dependent industries in Z, went up, sharply limiting the ability of those industries to compete effectively in their export markets.

Which of the following can be most properly inferred from the passage about the products whose importation was banned?
logic:protect fledgling industries——ban imports
Depend on imports industries’ cost up
(A) Those products had been cheaper to import than they were to make within country Z's fledgling industries.——bingo!
(B) Those products were the ones that country Z was hoping to export in its turn, once the fledgling industries matured.——irrelevant
(C) Those products used to be imported from just those countries to which country Z's exports went.——irrelevant
(D) Those products had become more and more expensive to import, which resulted in a foreign trade deficit just before the ban.——new information
(E) Those products used to be imported in very small quantities, but they were essential to country Z's economy.——new information

作者: cyndichiang 时间: 2014-5-3 13:37
精炼 2‘18’‘
premise: A democratic society cannot exist unless its citizens have established strong bonds of mutual trust
premise: such bond is participation in civic organizations, political parties, and other groups outside the family
conclusion:widespread reliance on movies and electronic media for entertainment has an inherently corrosive effect on democracy.
Q:Assumption
prephrase: democracy--->strong bonds (necessary condition)===>media-->corrode  democracy
media lead people unlikely to have strong bonds
(A) Anyone who relies on movies and electronic
media for entertainment is unable to form a
strong bond of mutual trust with a citizen.-----unable表示不能，则全部否定了democracy而结论只是说有危害作用
(B) Civic organizations cannot usefully advance
their goals by using electronic media.-----"advance goals" is irrelevant
(C) Newspapers and other forms of print media
strengthen, rather than weaken, democratic
institutions.-----直接反驳结论，错
(D) Relying on movies and electronic media for
entertainment generally makes people less
likely to participate in groups outside their
families.-----correct; 补gap，同时说道双方，并且less likely表示的程度正确
(E) People who rely on movies and electronic
media for entertainment are generally closer
to their families than are those who do not-----实际上达不到结论

逻辑链：
1. 22’‘
premise：take more time to exercise---->fewer sick days
conclusion: started fitness programs--->the absentee rate decrease significantly
Q:weaken
prephrase: people who are more likely to be absent are unwilling to join fitness programs

2. 34''
premise:law allows companies to reject a job applicant if working in the job would entail a 90 percent chance that the applicant would suffer a heart attack
conclusion: it helps both employers and employees
Q: weaken
prephrase: if companies cannot know whether the applicants would suffer a heart attack?

3.23''
premise: guitar strings become less responsive and bright in tone
conclusion:  dirt and oil, rather than changes in the material properties of the string are responsible for
Q:Evaluate(next experiment)
prephrase: whether dirt and oil account for? adding dirt and oil to new strings, then listening the tone

4. 56''
premise:Z banned imports of the types of products those industries were starting to make
conclusion:the cost of those products in Z went up sharply and limit its competition in export market
Q: must be true
prephrase: cost: making in Z > import

作者: 邹小米 时间: 2015-11-17 16:40
感谢分享！

作者: spencerchan 时间: 2016-1-30 12:05
30/01/16
57’’
P: democratic society needs strong bonds of mutual trust
C: movies and electronic media have negative impacts on democracy
Assumption: movies and electronic will prevent citizens from civic organisations
A: not sure
B: Irrelevant
C: Opposite
D: CORRECT
E: Obscure

26’’
P: do exercise helps people keep fit
C: Absentee rate will decrease if company started fitness programs
Weaken: do exercise has some negative impacts on absentee rate
A: Irrelevant
B: CORRECT
C: Irrelevant
D: Irrelevant
E: Irrelevant

37’’
P: companies could reject a job applicant if over 90% will suffer heart attack
C: The law can protect employees and employers both
Weaken: Employers will failed to follow the law???
A: Irrelevant
B: CORRECT
C: Irrelevant
D: Irrelevant
E: Irrelevant

38’’
C: oil and dirt make guitar string go dead
other reasons?/ different conditions?
A: Irrelevant
B: Irrelevant
C: Irrelevant? 
D: CORRECT?
E: Irrelevant

27’’
P: import limited
C: local industries cannot compete with foreign companies
Conclusion: other export companies’s cost increase because of importance limitation
A: CORRECT
B: Irrelevant
C: Irrelevant
D: Irrelevant
E: Irrelevant

作者: Lincy123 时间: 2020-6-19 00:19
民主社会需要人民建立统一的信任的强连接。只有参加家庭外的活动才能加强连接。
社交娱乐媒体和电影的传播对民主有强腐蚀作用。
Assumption：电影电子媒体 = 不参加家庭外的公民政治活动
A）取非。任何依赖电影的人都能建立强连接
B）取非。公民组织可以通过电子媒体统一目标
C）取非。印刷媒体不加强民主机构
D）取非。电影和电子媒体让公民更愿意参加外部活动。Correct
E）电影和电子媒体让人们和他们的家人更亲近。无关

P：公司开始健身项目
C：旷工率下降
Weaken：健身和旷工无关
B）correct常常旷工的人是最不可能参加健身运动的

Bg：法律规定如果求职者有90%的概率产生心脏病，那公司就可以拒绝求职者。
Weaken
B）correct 没办法计算求职者因为工作而患病的概率

P：灰尘和油，而非材质
C：吉他弦dead
e） correct 往新弦上抹不同物质是否会dead

p：禁止原材料进口
c：产品价格上升，限制了出口竞争力
a） correct 进口的产品比自己国内的产品便宜

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