128. New hardy varieties of rice show promise of producing high yields without the costly requirements of irrigation and application of commercial fertilizer by earlier high-yielding varieties.
(A) requirements of irrigation and application of commercial fertilizer by earlier high-yielding varieties
(B) requirements by earlier high-yielding varieties of application of commercial fertilizer and irrigation
(C) requirements for application of commercial fertilizer and irrigation of earlier high-yielding varieties
(D) application of commercial fertilizer and irrigation that was required by earlier high-yielding varieties
(E) irrigation and application of commercial fertilizer that were required by earlier high-yielding varieties
Choice E, the best answer, clearly and grammatically expresses the idea that two costly procedures, irrigation and the application of... fertilizer, were required by earlier high-yielding varieties of rice. In A, the placement of by earlier... varieties immediately after application of fertilizer suggests that the varieties applied the fertilizer. In B and D, the phrase application of... fertilizer and irrigation is ambiguous in meaning: it cannot be clearly determined whether applying fertilizer and irrigating are a single operation or two distinct operations. In C, only irrigation--not both irrigation and fertilization--is clearly associated with the earlier... varieties of rice.
219. While larger banks can afford to maintain their own data-processing operations, many smaller regional and community banks are finding that the cost associated with upgrading data-processing equipment and with the development and maintenance of new products and technical staff are prohibitive.
我不太明白of的用法到底是怎样的。
这里D的错误OG说是D里面的容易歧义。如果application是主语，后面用was，那这么解释：A）商业化肥和灌溉的应用，还是B）商业化肥的应用，和灌溉？所以有歧义的。
而仔细又看了一下这道题感觉E也有歧义“1 灌溉与商用化肥的应用were 2商务化肥的灌溉与应用 were“
我根据og128与og219总结of结构如下
(a and b) of c这种结构就只能是a,b共同属于c，即og128题的E是“商务化肥的灌溉与应用 were”而不是“ 灌溉与商用化肥的应用were ”
c of a and b，即可以理解为a与b的c，也可以理解为a的c与b，对么？
感觉还是迷糊~
就好象就象og219题（ development and maintenance ）of （new products and technical staff）
这里是不是有无数层歧义？如发展与新产品和技术员工的维护，新产品的发展与维护和技术员工等，当然这里可以用逻辑意思知道发展与维护和技术员工不对应，这样可以排除一些歧义。
麻烦NN指教~谢谢~
up~
keep on upping~:p
感觉很难总结.最重要的是逻辑意思.正确答案E本身单从语法也有别的解释, 但逻辑上只有一个.
og219: （ development and maintenance ）of （new products and technical staff）当时我也想了一下, 语法上是有很多解释, 但讲的通的大家都熟悉的说法可能只有一个.如果有哪个高手总结出来了, 请贴一下, 先谢了.
128的D歧义在于可以有两种理解：application of commercial fertilizer and (application of irrigation)或application of (commercial fertilizer and irrigation)，而且，这两种解读从逻辑上都可以接受，这就是OG所谓的到底是整体还是个体；E其实没有歧义，因为，如果按整体概念补出的话irrigation of commercial fertilizer从逻辑上根本不匹配；其实A and B of C的确可以有多种解读方法，关键在于是否逻辑匹配，但是个人认为，(A of C) and (B of C)是优先的结构，如果说不通，A and (B of C)也可以作为一种选择。
谢谢stoneren GG和hpp920 MM
你们的意思就是对于这种结构应该逻辑为先对么。我明白了谢谢～
（小声问stoneren一句：你说“因为，如果按整体概念补出的话irrigation of commercial fertilizer从逻辑上根本不匹配；”但是我觉得商业化肥的灌溉也可以啊，难道只有水的灌溉才可以？呵呵，也许有些钻牛角尖了，但是有一些逻辑题，我总是看着答案知道有道理，但是自己做却总是看不出来。）
another question:
"with upgrading data-processing equipment and with the development and maintenance...."
Does anyone think this expression is not really a good parallel? Is this kind of parallel error always targeted by GMAT?
128的D歧义在于可以有两种理解：application of commercial fertilizer and (application of irrigation)或application of (commercial fertilizer and irrigation)，而且，这两种解读从逻辑上都可以接受，（这两种理解其实意思都是商业化肥和灌溉的应用，另外一种理解application of commercial fertilizer and irrigation是商业化肥的应用和灌溉。）这就是OG所谓的到底是整体还是个体；E其实没有歧义，因为，如果按整体概念补出的话irrigation of commercial fertilizer从逻辑上根本不匹配；其实A and B of C的确可以有多种解读方法，关键在于是否逻辑匹配，但是个人认为，(A of C) and (B of C)是优先的结构，如果说不通，A and (B of C)也可以作为一种选择。
除了蓝色部分，其他完全同意这样的解释。
128的D歧义在于可以有两种理解：application of commercial fertilizer and (application of irrigation)或application of (commercial fertilizer and irrigation)，而且，这两种解读从逻辑上都可以接受，这就是OG所谓的到底是整体还是个体；E其实没有歧义，因为，如果按整体概念补出的话irrigation of commercial fertilizer从逻辑上根本不匹配；其实A and B of C的确可以有多种解读方法，关键在于是否逻辑匹配，但是个人认为，(A of C) and (B of C)是优先的结构，如果说不通，A and (B of C)也可以作为一种选择。
agree
谢谢stoneren GG和hpp920 MM
你们的意思就是对于这种结构应该逻辑为先对么。我明白了谢谢～
（小声问stoneren一句：你说“因为，如果按整体概念补出的话irrigation of commercial fertilizer从逻辑上根本不匹配；”但是我觉得商业化肥的灌溉也可以啊，难道只有水的灌溉才可以？呵呵，也许有些钻牛角尖了，但是有一些逻辑题，我总是看着答案知道有道理，但是自己做却总是看不出来。）
商业化肥的灌溉 逻辑不通
128的D歧义在于可以有两种理解：application of commercial fertilizer and (application of irrigation)或application of (commercial fertilizer and irrigation)，而且，这两种解读从逻辑上都可以接受，这就是OG所谓的到底是整体还是个体；E其实没有歧义，因为，如果按整体概念补出的话irrigation of commercial fertilizer从逻辑上根本不匹配；其实A and B of C的确可以有多种解读方法，关键在于是否逻辑匹配，但是个人认为，(A of C) and (B of C)是优先的结构，如果说不通，A and (B of C)也可以作为一种选择。
While larger banks can afford to maintain their own data-processing operations, many smaller regional and community banks
are finding that
the costs associated with upgrading data-processing equipment and with the development and maintenance of new products and technical staff are prohibitive.
对这个题目的意思不太明白。到底什么是 prohibitive的啊？
the costs associated with ...and with .........为什么不是costs of sth 啊？这里没有交代清楚是什么的costs啊？？？
fishlibai 发表于 2009-7-11 05:01
While larger banks can afford to maintain their own data-processing operations, many smaller regiona ...
fishlibai 发表于 2009-7-11 05:01
While larger banks can afford to maintain their own data-processing operations, many smaller regiona ...
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