残剑 发表于 2004-8-7 22:34
《费费逻辑笔记》，提供给大家参考。
好贴，支持
thx a lot,
very good material
good
thanks
Thank you!
有例题的答案吗，谢谢
听人说这是新东方的经典逻辑文章，我个人却有不同的看法。具体将等我有时间时候发帖表达我的观点，现在先提醒看此帖子的各位注意此帖子的内容的合理性。
我这么说的证据：
上文归纳和演绎（Induction and Deduction)的讲述都是错误的。我个人认为对所谓的归纳和演绎概念理解有问题。所谓的演绎，为演绎推理模式，最经典的就是3断论推理，例如：A-〉B为真，且B-〉C为真 那么A->C为真
而归纳，却和类比一起是似真推理模式（plausible reasoning，又翻译为合情推理)，例如：
第1只天鹅是白的；
第2只天鹅是白的；
...
第1000只天鹅是白的；
那么：所有的天鹅都是白的
上例为归纳的一种：一般化（generalization)
这种推理之所以被称为“似真”在于，其得出的结论正确的可能性高，当新的一个依据 （结论的必要条件，如这里的第999只天鹅是白的） 被证明为真实的，那么这一个结论的可信度就越高（例如这里的“所有的天鹅都是白的”，但是至于具体定量有多高取决于每一个人的感觉）；而说其plausible,在于由归纳和类比产生的结论往往是不正确的，例如本例中的结论就是错的，存在黑色的天鹅。这就是所谓的Hasty Generalization.而类比（Analogy）也是如此，常常出现False Analogy的错误。（提醒一下，虽然如此，归纳和类比确实科学研究必不可少的工具。因此才有所谓的“大胆猜想，小心检验”一说，具体可以参考K.Popper的证伪注意方法论）
这是逻辑学和哲学上对归纳和演绎的表达。
大家可以发现，和原文是相反的。我这里只是想举出一个例子说明原文存在错误，实际上原文还存在很多错误，例如“假设是结论的必要条件”，我完全可以利用ETS的GMAT真题作为反例证伪这一个结论。由于本人现在在GMAT学习准备中，个人对这种“流行”的说法不以为然，因此在这里以个人的名义提醒阅读的各位注意。
强人！看来大家都是对逻辑有着深刻的理解啊！
我对逻辑一点概念也没有，只是在做题找感觉，感觉还没找到！
努力啊，追啊！
难到发帖的大虾是狒狒本人？新东方2005寒假班的GMAT逻辑费大虾正是使用的这个提纲啊.
thank you!
答案有吗
Thank you.it's very helpful
亲爱的XDJM，谁有答案啊，333333333333333333333333Q~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
答案？：
第一节，归纳：
一，直推法：例题2B，例题3C
二，排除法，例题1E，例题2E
第二节，演绎：
一，第一种文章：
1，假设，例题1C，例题2A；例题4B，例题5B；
2，加强，例题1E，例题2D；
3，削弱，例题1C，例题2E，例题3D，例题4C；
4，评价，例题C
二，第二种和第三种文章
1，削弱，例题1D，例题2C，例题3C，例题4B；
2，加强，例题1A，例题2C；
3，评价，例题1E，例题2A，例题3A，例题4E，例题5D，例题5A；
第三节：解释
1，解释结果，例题1D
2，解释矛盾，例题2B，例题3D
第四节，填空，例题E
第五节，例题1A，例题2A
答案？：
第一节，归纳：
一，直推法：例题2B，例题3C
二，排除法，例题1E，例题2E
第一节例题3的答案怎么会是C呢？很明显D呀！哪位高人指点一下？
赞赏八楼的态度和做法，
第一节例题3的答案怎么会是C呢？很明显D呀！哪位高人指点一下？
我也认为是D。
刚刚入门，学习ing
顶一个。
感谢前辈。
本人对前辈N人的敬仰，如滔滔江水，连绵不绝！
答案？：
第一节，归纳：
一，直推法：例题2B，例题3C
二，排除法，例题1E，例题2E
第一节例题3的答案怎么会是C呢？很明显D呀！哪位高人指点一下？
我也觉得是D阿
viewer estmate how frequently a particular type of accident or crime occurs by how extensively it is discussed on TV news
事故发生的频率由在TV中评论的强度决定
fires and motor vehicle accidents more than bookkeeping fraud
在TV中fires 比bookkeeping fraud报道的多，此时有着TV更喜欢播fires之类的大场面
那么就会导致viewer认为fires之类的事故发生的多。所以就会overestimate
顶啊顶~~~~
無法閱讀～～～
泣！
是我來得太晚了嗎？
答案？：
第一节，归纳：
一，直推法：例题2B，例题3C
二，排除法，例题1E，例题2E
第二节，演绎：
一，第一种文章：
1，假设，例题1C，例题2A；例题4B，例题5B；
2，加强，例题1E，例题2D；
3，削弱，例题1C，例题2E，例题3D，例题4C；
4，评价，例题C
这个答案是哪里来的？偶觉得以上两处答案都不对。
看了lawyer的东西，再看FF的，觉得乱78糟的。
这就是传说中的狒狒逻辑宝典么？yeah
好东东！！！！！！！！！！！！
第二节，演绎：
一，第一种文章：
1，假设，例题1C，例题2A；例题4B，例题5B；
2，加强，例题1E，例题2D；
3，削弱，例题1C，例题2E，例题3D，例题4C；
这道题是B吧？
二，第二种和第三种文章
1，削弱，例题1D，例题2C，例题3C，例题4B；
我觉得应该选A
二，第二种和第三种文章
1，削弱，例题1D，例题2C，例题3C，例题4B；
2，加强，例题1A，例题2C；
选B
有答案么？例题的，上课的时候就没记号答案，搞到现在都不知道。。。
还有没有人也在复习这个笔记，问下
例3. Most television viewers estimate how frequently a particular type of accident or crime occurs by
how extensively it is discussed on television news shows. Television news shows report more on
stories that include dramatic pictures such as fires and motor vehicle accidents than they do on more
common stories that have little visual drama such as bookkeeping fraud.
If the statements above are true, it can be properly concluded that which of the following is also true?
(A) The time television news reporters spend researching news stories is directly related to the
number of viewers who will be affected by events like those in the news stories.
(B) It is easier for crimes such as bookkeeping fraud to go unprosecuted than it is crimes such as
arson.
(C) The number of fires and motor vehicle accidents greatly increases after each television news
show that includes dramatic pictures of a fire or motor vehicle accident.
(D) Viewers of television news show tend to overestimate the number of fires and motor vehicle
accidents that occur relative to the number of crimes of bookkeeping fraud.
(E) The usual selection of news stories for television news show is determined by the number of
news reporters available for assignment.
为什么选C
例1. Scientists now believe that artificial-hip implants, previously thought to be safe, may actually
increase the risk of cancer in recipients after about 45 years of use. Though these implants do
improve the quality of recipient’s lives, the increased risk of cancer is an unacceptable price to pay
for these improvements. Therefore, they should be banned.
Which of the following, if true, is the strongest counterargument to the argument above?
(A) Artificial-hip implant surgery can cause severe complications, such as infection, chronic fever, and bone degeneration, and these complications can themselves be crippling or even fatal.
(B) Almost all artificial-hip implant recipients receive their implants at an age when they are unlikely
to live more than an additional 30 years.
(C) Although artificial-hip implants increase the risk of cancer after about 45 year of use, a few of
the cancers they induce are not fatal.
(D) Since artificial-hip implants are not very common, banning them would cause little hardship.
(E) Although the benefits of artificial-hip implant surgery have remained substantially the same over
the past decade, the price of the surgery has risen considerably.
怎么选C呢，我选的B？？？
例4. The excessive number of safety regulations that the federal government has placed on industry poses
more serious hardships for big businesses than for small ones. Since large companies do everything
on a more massive scale, they must alter more complex operations and spend much more money to
meet government requirements.
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument above?
(A) Small companies are less likely than large companies to have the capital reserve for
improvements.
(B) The operations of small companies frequently rely on the same technologies as the operations of
large companies.
(C) Safety regulation codes are uniform, established without reference to size of company.
(D) Large companies typically have more of their profits invested in other business than do small
companies.
(E) Large companies are in general more likely than small companies to diversity the markets and
products.
我选A，但是答案是C，为什么？？
谢谢各位~~~
例4. The excessive number of safety regulations that the federal government has placed on industry poses
more serious hardships for big businesses than for small ones. Since large companies do everything
on a more massive scale, they must alter more complex operations and spend much more money to
meet government requirements.
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument above?
(A) Small companies are less likely than large companies to have the capital reserve for
improvements.
(B) The operations of small companies frequently rely on the same technologies as the operations of
large companies.
(C) Safety regulation codes are uniform, established without reference to size of company.
(D) Large companies typically have more of their profits invested in other business than do small
companies.
(E) Large companies are in general more likely than small companies to diversity the markets and
products.
我选A，但是答案是C，为什么？？
谢谢各位~~~
好贴，支持
没有标准答案..
好啊好啊，good
upup~顶!
:):):):):):):)残剑 发表于 2004-8-7 22:34
《费费逻辑笔记》，提供给大家参考。
a a a a a a 残剑 发表于 2004-8-7 22:34
《费费逻辑笔记》，提供给大家参考。
support残剑 发表于 2004-8-7 22:34
《费费逻辑笔记》，提供给大家参考。
残剑 发表于 2004-8-7 22:34
《费费逻辑笔记》，提供给大家参考。
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