Ｐ１Transportation to the New World is a big topic for debate. If the early Americans did cruise巡航 around the continent in canoes and kayaks, might the first settlers have arrived by boat as well? For decades the archaeological community rejected this notion (Ice Agehunters could never have carried all their weapons and left over mammoth meat in such tiny boats!), but in recent years the idea has gathered more support. Ｐ２ One reason for the shift: the nagging problem of just how fast people can make the journey from Alaska toTierra del Fuego.Consider Dillehay’s 14,700-year-old Monte Verde site. According to the previously accepted timeline, people could have made the journey from Asia on foot no earlier than 15,700 years ago(before this time, the ice sheets extending from the North Pole covered Alaskaand Canada completely, making a land passage impossible). 通过陆路被否定If this entry date is correct, the Monte Verde find would indicate that the first settlers had to make the 12,000-mile trip through two continents in only 1,000 years. In archaeological time, that’s as fast as Marion Jones.理论２One way to achieve this pace, however,would be by traveling along the Pacific coastlines of North and SouthAmerica in boats. Knut Fladmark, a professor of archaeology at Simon Fraser University in Burnaby, B.C., first suggested this possibility in the 1970s and remains an advocate of a coastal entry into the Americas. If people had a reason to keep moving, he says, they could have traversed both continents in 100 years. Fladmark estimates that traveling at a rate of 200 miles a month would have been quite reasonable; the settlers no doubt stopped during winter months and probably stayed in some spots for a generation or so if the local resourceswere particularly tempting. Fladmark’s theory, though enticing won’t be easy to prove. Rising sea levels from the melting Ice Age glaciers in undated thousands of square miles along the Pacific coasts of both continents. Any early sites near the ocean that were inhabited before 13,000 years ago would now be deep underwater. Recently a few enterprising researchers have attempted to dredge up artifacts from below the Pacific. In 1997, for example, Daryl Fedje, an archaeologist with Parks Canada (which runs that country’s national parks system), led a team that pulled up a small stone tool from 160 feet underwater just off the coast of British Columbia. The single tool, which Fedje estimates to be around 10,200 years old, does establish that people once lived on the now submerged land but reveals little about the culture there.Excavating underwater sites might turn out to be the only way to prove when humans first arrived on this continent. And for many researchers this is still a very open question, with answers ranging from 15,000 years ago to as far back as 50,000 years ago. When Fladmark first proposed the idea of a coastal migration, the entry date of 14,000 or 15,000 years ago was orthodoxy.正统说法作者: 汤大师 时间: 2011-12-22 16:10
看看作者: 珍妮小花 时间: 2011-12-22 17:22
谢谢楼主啊。。。辛苦了。。。作者: anthonylee 时间: 2011-12-22 17:42
细读了一下,发现和之前JJ大意有一点不一样的地方,大家参考看看
