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标题: prep08 CR2 77求助 [打印本页]
作者: picacoman    时间: 2011-12-21 19:11
标题: prep08 CR2 77求助
77. (30553-!-item-!-188;#058&005527)


Citizens of Parktown are worried by the increased frequency of serious crimes committed by
local teenagers.  In response, the city government has instituted a series of measures
designed to keep teenagers at home in the late evening.  Even if the measures succeed in
keeping teenagers at home, however, they are unlikely to affect the problem that concerns
citizens, since most crimes committed by local teenagers take place between 3 p.m. and 6
p.m.


Which of the following, if true, most substantially weakens the argument?


A. Similar measures adopted in other places have failed to reduce the number of teenagers
on the streets in the late evening.
B. The crimes committed by teenagers in the afternoon are mostly small thefts and
inconsequential vandalism.
C. Teenagers are much less likely to commit serious crimes when they are at home than
when they are not at home.
D. Any decrease in the need for police patrols in the late evening would not mean that there
could be more intensive patrolling in the afternoon.
E. The schools in Parktown have introduced a number of after-school programs that will be
available to teenagers until 6 p.m. on weekday afternoons.


正解是 B


请问
1."年轻人犯的罪大部分是小偷及破坏公物"这个条件要怎么weaken argument?
2.段落里they are unlikely to affect the problem that concerns citizens一句该如何翻译 特别是最后2个字
3.E为什么不对? 很多课后的program都是到6点 不就意味着青少年在六点以前是不会在外游荡的吗?
这不是可以weaken题目最后一句话most crimes committed by local teenagerstake place between 3 p.m. and 6 p.m.
作者: HarrisZheng    时间: 2011-12-24 21:17
第一句就提到了，increased frequency of serious crimes by local teenager. 注意，是严重犯罪的发生率提高。
结论说措施没用，理由是青少年犯罪多数发生在下午3-6点。

1 B选项说下午都是小犯罪。也就是严重犯罪不发生在下午而是晚上。
2 定语从句 不太可能对市民所关心的问题产生影响。
3 注意available这个词
作者: onlysilence222    时间: 2012-3-19 16:51
楼上基本把我想说的都说了。
补充一下3，available说明青少年可以选择是不是参加这些program，也就意味着没有任何强制性，不会让年轻人下午的时候呆在学校

还是要一遍一遍的刷og，寻找抑扬顿挫读题目的感觉，筛选出关键字句，更准确的参透出题者的意图
作者: SharonZ0902    时间: 2012-8-6 23:27
那D为什么错了呢
作者: AlexYYY    时间: 2013-3-8 12:40
那D为什么错了呢
-- by 会员 SharonZ0902 (2012/8/6 23:27:53)



应为说晚上的巡逻减少would not mean 下午有更多的巡逻。
作者: 晓野的野    时间: 2013-7-20 03:39
onlysilence222 发表于 2012-3-19 16:51
楼上基本把我想说的都说了。补充一下3，available说明青少年可以选择是不是参加这些program，也就意味着没 ...

对啊，有不一定要参加啊......
就好像有想法不一定实施
以前没做过不一定将来没做过
老是在这些地方糊弄人...
作者: soulwangh    时间: 2013-11-1 17:04
之所以E错误是因为E同题目中的结论没有关系。原文结论是让青少年六点之后在家（namely，in the late evening），无法减少公民对当地的担心。注意这个主题“六点之后在家”。E选项就好比说：我还有一个计划让他们三点到六点在学校。这个计划有没有可能降低crime rate？绝对有。However，这个计划和六点在家没有任何关系。属于我驳倒你后你想出来的“totally different program”。

However，if it can reduce the possibility that the teenagers come out between 3pm to 6pm to keep teenagers at home in the late evening，then E is a correct answer！

Ron‘s point as follows：

nah. (e) is wrong because it's completely irrelevant to the actual issue treated in the passage.
note the passage's conclusion:
Even if the measures succeed in keeping teenagers at home, however, they are unlikely to affect the problem that concerns citizensthe passage is solely concerned with the effect of the new measures. therefore, we don't care if there are other programs that might have a mitigating effect on the crime rate.
-----
一个学生的疑惑：
i understand why the right answer is right, but i am not sure if i am buying the logic above.

how is E irrelevant to the issue? the issue is the increased frequency of serious crimes committed by local teenagers. the argument states that the measures enacted by the gov are unlikely to be succesfull because most crimes are committed btw 3-6pm. clearly the measure enacted by the gov. is a subpar solution since most crimes are committed in the afternoon. if there was another measure enacted that would help bridge the gap and keep teens out of trouble, the argument would be weakened.
---------
另外一个staff的回复：
George, this is a complicated argument because we are weakening the idea that something won't work (kind of a double negative). Let's review the argument:
"Citizens of parktown are worried by the increased frequency of serious crimes committed by local teenagers. In response, the city government has instituted a series of measures designed to keep teenagers at home in the late evening. Even if the measures succeed in keeping teenagers at home, however, they are unlikely to affect the problem that concerns citizens, since most crimes committed by local teenagers take place between 3pm and 6pm."
Let's pick out the conclusion, premise, and assumptions. Italics below are mine but help emphasize what you should look for in arguments--change in wording!
Conclusion: Late evening curfew won't reduce serious crimes committed by teenagers.
WHY?
Premise: Most crimes committed by teenagers occur between 3-6pm.
Assumption: Many of the crimes committed during 3-6pm are serious crimes.
We want to weaken this conclusion, and say that the curfew WILL in fact reduce the number of serious crimes committed by teenagers. Generally to weaken a conclusion we want to attack the assumption. Notice how answer choice B does this nicely.
Your answer choice, E, says that teenagers will now have something to do after school. This doesn't help us establish that the curfew WILL in fact reduce crimes, since after school is a different time of the day from the curfew. Make sense?

以上的感觉可以参考下面题目：
Early in the twentieth century, Lake Konfa became very polluted.  Recently fish populations have recovered as release of industrial pollutants has declined and the lake’s waters have become cleaner.  （P）Fears are now being voiced that the planned construction of an oil pipeline across the lake’s bottom might revive pollution and cause the fish population to decline again.  However,（P） a technology for preventing leaks is being installed.  Therefore, （P）provided this technology is effective,（C） those fears are groundless.
The argument depends on assuming which of the following?
A. Apart from development related to the pipeline, there will be no new industrial development around the lake that will create renewed pollution in its waters.
（注意文中说的是Fear about the possibility that construction of pipeline  may cause pollution. 反驳的观点也是针对这个Object进行的，technology for preventing leaks & technology is effective 都是stand in line with “construction of pipeline  may cause pollution” 至于其他的renewed pollution，none of my concern.就算你拿出来也和我说的无关。和上面的题目中的E很像吧。

B. There is no reason to believe that the leak-preventing technology would be ineffective when installed in the pipeline in Lake Konfa.
C. The bottom of the lake does not contain toxic remnants of earlier pollution that will be stirred into the water by pipeline construction.
D. Damage to the lake’s fish populations would be the only harm that a leak of oil from the pipeline would cause.
E. The species of fish that are present in Lake Konfa now are the same as those that were in the lake before it was affected by pollution.
作者: 珊若小花    时间: 2014-6-14 23:25
我觉得E说只有weekday afternoon
作者: 成成儿    时间: 2015-4-15 16:15
soulwangh 发表于 2013-11-1 17:04
之所以E错误是因为E同题目中的结论没有关系。原文结论是让青少年六点之后在家（namely，in the late evenin ...

解释得太好了，谢谢啦~~
对relevant和irrelevant把握不好，只有一遍遍的读同样的题才能感觉到一点点。。。
作者: AnnieFFish    时间: 2016-9-26 20:03
解释的很好
谢谢！
作者: 猪小王    时间: 2017-2-25 12:29
请问
1."年轻人犯的罪大部分是小偷及破坏公物"这个条件要怎么weaken argument?
2.段落里they are unlikely to affect the problem that concerns citizens一句该如何翻译 特别是最后2个字
3.E为什么不对? 很多课后的program都是到6点 不就意味着青少年在六点以前是不会在外游荡的吗?
这不是可以weaken题目最后一句话most crimes committed by local teenagerstake place between 3 p.m. and 6 p.m.


LZ的问题很有代表性！简而言之，LZ没有抓住weaken题目的核心方法。我记得Bible里在weaken这个题型部分有三句话：

关于第二个问题：GMAT不会直接attack premises，也就是那些facts／evidence，所以抓住argument的conclusion才是解题关键。

这个argument的conclusion是：they are unlikely to affect the problem thatconcerns citizens. 这个句子里面都是指代。"they" = "measures"; "the problem that concerns citizens" = "Citizens of Parktown are worried by theincreased frequency of serious crimes committed by local teenagers." 所以LZ的第二个问题不在于如何翻译，而是如何找到这个句子里面的指代内容，并且读懂他们。一旦找到argument的main conclusion，还需要找到相应的premise，即"since most crimes committed by local teenagerstake place between 3 p.m. and 6 p.m." 在GMAT中看到most这些词要小心。在这个reasoning中，the author makes an assumption: serious crimes = most crimes. 答案B attack的就是这个assumption。只有弄明白main conlusion和premises才能确认B是正确的。


关于第一个问题：B只是attack the conclusion，implying that serious crimes take place in the late evening. 只是说afternoon以小偷小摸为主，可能有serious crimes，但不多。

关于第三个问题：E选项既无法attack the premise也无法attack the main conclusion. 学校提供afterschools不代表干坏事的teenagers一定参加。即使这些干坏事的teenagers都参加了下午的afterschools，他们还可以在晚上或weekends干坏事。根本就无法weaken the argument，即说明measure还是有效的。

回头再来看答案B, 会不会觉得bible总结得很准确。The author在使用之前的premises做出conclusion时偷换了概念，所谓的make an assumption. Correct Answers weaken the argument's conclusion by attacking (bot not destroying) the assumption.









作者: earn_it    时间: 2017-3-31 17:44
1）关于B选项，是否是这个逻辑：下午是轻微犯罪→晚上是严重犯罪→晚上不让青少年出门可以减少concern  如果是的话，第一条链就不合理呀
2）C选项说让青少年在家，他们更不会严重犯罪。这不是直接weaken了“让他们在家没用”这个结论吗？
作者: 梦季    时间: 2018-5-23 12:59
Mark一下！               
作者: Elaineeeewe    时间: 2019-10-26 20:08
谢谢！



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