ChaseDream

标题: 【每日逻辑练习第二季】【2-9】 [打印本页]

作者: balapupu 时间: 2011-12-17 22:40
标题: 【每日逻辑练习第二季】【2-9】
【精练】
2. If something would have been justifiably regretted if
it had occurred, then it is something that one should
not have desired in the first place. It follows that
many forgone pleasures should not have been
desired in the first place.
The conclusion above follows logically if which one
of the following is assumed?
(A) One should never regret one’s pleasures.
(B) Forgone pleasures that were not desired would
not have been justifiably regretted.
(C) Everything that one desires and then regrets
not having is a forgone pleasure.
(D) Many forgone pleasures would have been
justifiably regretted.
(E) Nothing that one should not have desired in
the first place fails to be a pleasure.
【逻辑链】
41.   (32895-!-item-!-188;#058&007553)

In comparison to the standard typewriter keyboard, the EFCO keyboard, which places the most-used keys nearest the typist's strongest fingers, allows faster typing and results in less fatigue. Therefore, replacement of standard keyboards with the EFCO keyboard will result in an immediate reduction of typing costs.

Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the conclusion drawn above?

(A) People who use both standard and EFCO keyboards report greater difficulty in the transition from the EFCO keyboard to the standard keyboard than in the transition from the standard keyboard to the EFCO keyboard.
(B) EFCO keyboards are no more expensive to manufacture than are standard keyboards and require less frequent repair than do standard keyboards.
(C) The number of businesses and government agencies that use EFCO keyboards is increasing each year.
(D) The more training and experience an employee has had with the standard keyboard, the more costly it is to train that employee to use the EFCO keyboard.
(E) Novice typists can learn to use the EFCO keyboard in about the same amount of time it takes them to learn to use the standard keyboard.

42.   (32943-!-item-!-188;#058&007554)

Researchers have found that when very overweight people, who tend to have relatively low metabolic rates, lose weight primarily through dieting, their metabolisms generally remain unchanged. They will thus burn significantly fewer calories at the new weight than do people whose weight is normally at that level. Such newly thin persons will, therefore, ultimately regain weight until their body size again matches their metabolic rate.

The conclusion of the argument above depends on which of the following assumptions?

(A) Relatively few very overweight people who have dieted down to a new weight tend to continue to consume substantially fewer calories than do people whose normal weight is at that level.
(B) The metabolisms of people who are usually not overweight are much more able to vary than the metabolisms of people who have been very overweight.
(C) The amount of calories that a person usually burns in a day is determined more by the amount that is consumed that day than by the current weight of the individual.
(D) Researchers have not yet determined whether the metabolic rates of formerly very overweight individuals can be accelerated by means of chemical agents.
(E) Because of the constancy of their metabolic rates, people who are at their usual weight normally have as much difficulty gaining weight as they do losing it.

43.   (32991-!-item-!-188;#058&007555)

Half of the subjects in an experiment--the experimental group--consumed large quantities of a popular artificial sweetener. Afterward, this group showed lower cognitive abilities than did the other half of the subjects--the control group--who did not consume the sweetener. The detrimental effects were attributed to an amino acid that is one of the sweetener's principal constituents.

Which of the following, if true, would best support the conclusion that some ingredient of the sweetener was responsible for the experimental results?

(A) Most consumers of the sweetener do not consume as much of it as the experimental group members did.
(B) The amino acid referred to in the conclusion is a component of all proteins, some of which must be consumed for adequate nutrition.
(C) The quantity of the sweetener consumed by individuals in the experimental group is considered safe by federal food regulators.
(D) The two groups of subjects were evenly matched with regard to cognitive abilities prior to the experiment.
(E) A second experiment in which subjects consumed large quantities of the sweetener lacked a control group of subjects who were not given the sweetener.

44.   (33039-!-item-!-188;#058&007556)

Half of the subjects in an experiment--the experimental group--consumed large quantities of a popular artificial sweetener. Afterward, this group showed lower cognitive abilities than did the other half of the subjects--the control group--who did not consume the sweetener. The detrimental effects were attributed to an amino acid that is one of the sweetener's principal constituents.

Which of the following, if true, would best help explain how the sweetener might produce the observed effect?

(A) The government's analysis of the artificial sweetener determined that it was sold in relatively pure form.
(B) A high level of the amino acid in the blood inhibits the synthesis of a substance required for normal brain functioning.
(C) Because the sweetener is used primarily as a food additive, adverse reactions to it are rarely noticed by consumers.
(D) The amino acid that is a constituent of the sweetener is also sold separately as a dietary supplement.
(E) Subjects in the experiment did not know whether they were consuming the sweetener or a second, harmless substance.

作者: balapupu 时间: 2011-12-17 22:43
This is an intimidating problem at first glance. The terminology is complex and
the problem appears to be based on difficult philosophical principles. First,
analyze the structure of the argument:
Premise: If something would have been justifiably regretted if it had
occurred, then it is something that one should not have
desired in the first place.
Conclusion: Many forgone pleasures should not have been desired in the
first place.
Second, use the three steps for mechanistically solving Justify questions as
described in this section.
1. Any “new” or “rogue” element in the conclusion will appear in the
correct answer.
“Many forgone pleasures” is a new element that appears only in the
conclusion. Only answer choices (B), (C), and (D) contain “forgone
pleasures,” and only answer choice (D) contains “many.” Thus, if forced
to make a quick decision, answer choice (D) would be the best selection
at this point in our analysis. And, fortunately, the technique is so
powerful that this analysis does indeed yield the correct answer.
Regardless, let’s continue.
2. Elements that are common to the conclusion and at least one premise, or
to two premises, normally do not appear in the correct answer.
“Should not have (been) desired in the first place” appears in both the
premise and the conclusion. This element is not likely to appear in the
correct answer choice.
3. Elements that appear in the premises but not the conclusion normally
appear in the correct answer.
“Justifiably regretted” appears in the premise but not the conclusion.
Only answer choices (B) and (D) contain “justifiably regretted.”
Once you become used to examining the elements of the argument, the analysis
above can be made very quickly. The method also correctly reveals answer
choice (D) as correct with a minimum of effort.
This problem also contains conditional reasoning, and as such the argument can
be diagrammed:
Premise: Justifiably Regretted Desire
Conclusion: many DesireForgone
This relationship is similar to the following:
Premise: A B
Conclusion: B occurs.
Question: What statement can be added to the argument above to
conclude that B must follow?
Answer: A occurs.
In this case, a few additional elements have been added to B in the conclusion,
but we can add these elements to A and make the problem work. The term that
would justify the conclusion in this problem is:
many Justifiably RegrettedForgone
A comparison of this term and answer choice (D) reveals that the two are
identical. If you are still uncertain, use the Justify Formula to eliminate each of
the remaining answer choices.

Answer keys：2.D 41. D 42. A 43. D 44.B

作者: xeyyxzty 时间: 2011-12-17 22:46

作者: fox0923 时间: 2011-12-17 23:16
占位~

精练------------------------28s-----------------------conclusion
P: If something would have been regretted when it had occurred.
Sub-conclusion: Then it's sth that one would have desired should not be at the first place.
Main-Conclusion: Then the pleasure wouldn't be at the first place.
Prephrase: Make a connection between the pleasure and sth one would have desired.

Analysis:
(A) One should never regret one’s pleasures.-----------------------one should never regret one's pleasures is not mentioned in the passage.
(B) Forgone pleasures that were not desired would
not have been justifiably regretted.------------------------------------没说many
(C) Everything that one desires and then regrets
not having is a forgone pleasure.---------------------------------------there's no need to give the forgone pleasure definition.
(D) Many forgone pleasures would have been
justifiably regretted.------------------------------------------------------yeah
(E) Nothing that one should not have desired in
the first place fails to be a pleasure.-----------------------------------we cannot conclude this. this is reversed.

总结：
Second, use the three steps for mechanistically solving Justify questions as
described in this section.
1. Any “new” or “rogue” element in the conclusion will appear in the
correct answer.
“Many forgone pleasures” is a new element that appears only in the
conclusion. Only answer choices (B), (C), and (D) contain “forgone
pleasures,” and only answer choice (D) contains “many.” Thus, if forced
to make a quick decision, answer choice (D) would be the best selection
at this point in our analysis. And, fortunately, the technique is so
powerful that this analysis does indeed yield the correct answer.
Regardless, let’s continue.--------------这种方法比较生硬，不过以后可以多运用一下

2. Elements that are common to the conclusion and at least one premise, or
to two premises, normally do not appear in the correct answer.
“Should not have (been) desired in the first place” appears in both the
premise and the conclusion. This element is not likely to appear in the
correct answer choice.

3. Elements that appear in the premises but not the conclusion normally
appear in the correct answer.
“Justifiably regretted” appears in the premise but not the conclusion.
Only answer choices (B) and (D) contain “justifiably regretted.”
Once you become used to examining the elements of the argument, the analysis
above can be made very quickly. The method also correctly reveals answer
choice (D) as correct with a minimum of effort.----------------寻找conclusion里面没有的但是premise里面有的补漏

作者: 南瓜0729 时间: 2011-12-17 23:52
2.20s
P：sth that would have been regretted should not be desired.
C：pleasure should not be desired
有gap：pleasure 与sth would have been regretted之间
D
刚开始没有读懂但是答案一定是连接conclusion里面的新内容的

作者: zz42050524 时间: 2011-12-18 12:10
2011/12/18 assumption
这道题第一遍，没看懂，仔细去看了第二遍
If something is regarded as regretted after it occurred, it is something not desired at the first place.
Many forgone pleasures are not desired at the first place.
Pre: 这道题也是一个gap的题，前提给了一个条件，定义了一个内容，结论给出了forgone pleasures是这个内容。
(A) One should never regret one’s pleasures. Irrelevant 结论说的是forgone pleasures
(B) Forgone pleasures that were not desired would 相反
not have been justifiably regretted.
(C) Everything that one desires and then regrets irrelevant 文中没有说 desire then regret
not having is a forgone pleasure.
(D) Many forgone pleasures would have been the answer
justifiably regretted.
(E) Nothing that one should not have desired in nothing不是结论表达的意思
the first place fails to be a pleasure.

作者: 风无衣 时间: 2011-12-20 10:15
【精炼2-9】
34s
premise:if something would have been justifiable regretted,then it is something that one should not have desired at first.
conclusion:many forgone pleasures should not have been desired in the first place.

(A) One should never regret one’s pleasures.
(B) Forgone pleasures that were not desired would
not have been justifiably regretted.
(C) Everything that one desires and then regrets
not having is a forgone pleasure.
(D) Many forgone pleasures would have been
justifiably regretted.——correct
(E) Nothing that one should not have desired in
the first place fails to be a pleasure.

1. Any “new” or “rogue” element in the conclusion will appear in the
correct answer.
2. Elements that are common to the conclusion and at least one premise, or
to two premises, normally do not appear in the correct answer.
3. Elements that appear in the premises but not the conclusion normally
appear in the correct answer.

This relationship is similar to the following:
Premise: A B
Conclusion: B occurs.
Question: What statement can be added to the argument above to
conclude that B must follow?
Answer: A occurs.

作者: ugly5552000 时间: 2011-12-21 15:43
1/Background: something that one should not have desired in the first place if it would have been justifiably regretted if it had occurred.
Premise: if follows that many forgone pleasures should not have been desired in the first place.
Prephrase: one is capable to distinguish the things which would have been regretted after it had happened.
D
A: irrelevant
B: different definitions, question stem means forgone pleasures should not be desired.
C: not everything one desires is a forgone pleasure.
D: right
E : irrelevant
2/Background: compared with the standard keyboard, the EFCO keyboard enables typists to type faster with less fatigue.
Premise: the replacement of the standard keyboard with the EFCO keyboard will immediately reduce the typing costs.
Prephrase: the faster one types, the more mistakes are likely to be made.
D
A: no information about people who use both standard and EFCO keyboards
B: irrelevant to the manufacture and maintain costs of keyboards
C: irrelevant
D: it means the cost on training employees to get used to the new keyboard will be large.
E: supports the argument
3/Background: when the overweight people with low metabolic rates lose weight mainly through dieting, their metabolisms generally remain unchanged. They will consume significantly fewer calories at the new weight than do people whose weight is normally at the level.
Premise: the newly thin persons will ultimately regain weight until their body size again matches their metabolic rate.
Prephrase: besides body size, there is no other factor will stimulus the rise of metabolic rate.

D
A: it means the newly thinned people’s metabolic rate will stay stable
B: irrelevant
C: it weakens the argument
D: irrelevant
E: irrelevant
4/Background: a experimental group consumed large quantities of a popular artificial sweetener. A control group did not consume the sweetener. Then the experimental group showed lower cognitive ability than the control group.
Premise: the detrimental effects were attributed to an amino acid, one of the sweetener’s principal constituents.
Prephrase: similar experiments in the past have shown the sweetener would make difference in cognitive ability between test groups.
D
A: irrelevant
B: compared with D, D is the condition which makes B stands up
C: irrelevant
D: only starts from the same line, can the result be reliable
E: irrelevant
5/Background: a experimental group consumed large quantities of a popular artificial sweetener. A control group did not consume the sweetener. Then the experimental group showed lower cognitive ability than the control group.
Premise: the detrimental effects were attributed to an amino acid, one of the sweetener’s principal constituents.
Prephrase: before the experiment, the cognitive abilities of the two groups are even.
B
A: irrelevant
B: it explains the reason why cognitive abilities in experimental group is higher.
C: irrelevant
D: irrelevant
E: irrelevant

作者: hexiaomu77 时间: 2011-12-30 12:52
Premise:If something would have been justifiably regretted
->one should not have desired in the first place.
Conclusion: forgone pleasures should not have been
desired in the first place.
思路：A-》B（regretted->not forgone pleasure）
选D
1 D 00:54
2 A 01:58
3 D 01:21
4 B 00:44
Or非B-》非A（forgone pleasure->not regretted）

作者: leewonting 时间: 2012-4-25 23:49
127
背景：If something would have been justifiably regretted if it had occurred, then it is something that one should not have desired in the first place.
条件：The same as to forgone pleasure
结论：Forgone pleasures should not have been desired in the first place
推测：如果一件发生过的事能够反悔，那么当初就不能把其想得太完美？HAD OCCURRED?JUSTIFIABLY REGRETTED?NOT BEEN DESIRED IN THE FIRST PLACE
选D

128
背景：In comparison to the standard typewriter keyboard, the EFCO keyboard, which replace the most-used keys nearest the typist’s strongest fingers.
条件：It allows faster typing and results in less fatigue.
结论：And also results in an immediate reduction of typing costs
推测：培训使用新的键盘，要培训费用
选D

129
Researchers have found that when very overweight people, who tend to have relatively low metabolic rates, lose weight primarily through dieting, their metabolisms generally remain unchanged. They will thus burn significantly fewer calories at the new weight than do people whose weight is normally at that level. Such newly thin persons will, therefore, ultimately regain weight until their body size again matches their metabolic rate.
The conclusion of the argument above depends on which of the following assumptions?
(A) Relatively few very overweight people who have dieted down to a new weight tend to continue to consume substantially fewer calories than do people whose normal weight is at that level.
(B) The metabolisms of people who are usually not overweight are much more able to vary than the metabolisms of people who have been very overweight.
(C) The amount of calories that a person usually burns in a day is determined more by the amount that is consumed that day than by the current weight of the individual.
(D) Researchers have not yet determined whether the metabolic rates of formerly very overweight individuals can be accelerated by means of chemical agents.
(E) Because of the constancy of their metabolic rates, people who are at their usual weight normally have as much difficulty gaining weight as they do losing it.
背景：Overweight people, who tend to have relatively low metabolic rates, lose weight primarily through dieting
条件：Their metabolisms remain unchanged. Burn fewer calories.
结论：Ultimately, they will regain weight until their body size matches their metabolic rate.
推测：Overweight people?low metabolic rate?burn fewer calories
Weight=metabolic rate
选E
应该选A

130
背景：Half of the subjects in an experiment-the experimental group-consumed large quantities of a popular artificial sweetener.
条件：The experimental group showed lower cognitive abilities than did the control group.
结论：It resulted from the sweetener’s principal constituents-amino.
推测：除了糖没有其它的影响因素
选D

131
Half of the subjects in an experiment-the experimental group-consumed large quantities of a popular artificial sweetener.
条件：The experimental group showed lower cognitive abilities than did the control group.
结论：why？
推测：因为糖里面的某些成分？
选B

作者: jetyxo 时间: 2012-6-29 21:53
1 44" background: if sth occured is regretted---> it is sth not desired
conclusion:forgone pleasure was no desired at first place
assumption? forgone pleasure= sth. regretted----> answer

----------------------------------------------------
2 17"premise: compaired with common keyboard, CEFO is more fast and can reduce fatigue
conclusion: CEFO can reduce cost
weaken?------->D they need more train fees
---------------------------------------------------
3 37" premise: overweight people lose weight through dieting---> their metabolic rate keep unchange
when get new weight , they consume fewer calories than common people
conclusion: these people will get weight again until body size==metabolic rate
assumption? when they get new weight ,they stop dieting
answer? A
------------------------------------------------------
4 41" background: experiment group consume artifical sweeter---> low cognitive ability
reason: artifical sweeter contain amino acid
conclusion: aetifical sweeter contain sth, leads to low cognitive ablity
support? the samples not have low cognitive ability --------->D
------------------------------------------------------------
5 explain? amino acid---> XX---> low cognitive ability---->B

作者: 狮灵鹭智 时间: 2012-10-30 22:38
----------------------1min38sec-----------------
Premise: A = sth would have been regretted if had happened
B= sth should have not desired at first place
A=>B
Conclusion: A'= many forgone pleasure
B'= sth should have not desired at first place
A'=>B'
Question: assumption

Predicted answer: A includes A'
sth would have been regretted if had happened INCLUDES many forgone pleasure

选D
One should never regret one’s pleasures.
Analysis: forgone pleasure doesn't exist (irrelevant)
(B) Forgone pleasures that were not desired wouldnot have been justifiably regretted.
Analysis: A' = not A(反了)
(C) Everything that one desires and then regretsnot having is a forgone pleasure.
Analysis: A' includes A (不符合常识)
(D) Many forgone pleasures would have beenjustifiably regretted.
正确
(E) Nothing that one should not have desired in the first place fails to be a pleasure.
Analysis: not B = A'
-----------------------------1min-----------------------------------
Premise: EFCO keyboard
=> places the most-used keys nearest the typist's strongest fingers
=> allows faster typing and results in less fatigue than the standard keyboard
Conclusion:　replace standard keyboard with EFCO keyboard
=> immediate reduction of typing costs
Question: weaken
预测：人们人需要时间来适应不同的键盘
---------------------------1min03sec---------------------------------
Premise: fat people (~ lower XXX rate ) losing weight
=> XXX rate remain same
=> burn fewer calories than people with same weight
Conclusion: fat people (lost weight)
=> regain weight until body size matches their XXX rate
Question : gap
预测：burn fewer calories than people with same weight => regain weight
-----------------------2min05--------------------------------------
Premise: A= subjects (~ consuming popular artificial sweetener )
B= subjects(~ not consuming popular artificial sweetener )
A has lower cognitive abilities than B

Conclusion: an amino acid in sweetener=> A has lower cognitive abilities than B
Question：strengthen
预测：an amino acid => some thing that A used to reduce cognitive abilities

---------------------------------39sec---------------------------------
Premise: A= subjects (~ consuming popular artificial sweetener )
B= subjects(~ not consuming popular artificial sweetener )
A has lower cognitive abilities than B

Conclusion: an amino acid in sweetener=> A has lower cognitive abilities than B
Question: help to explain formation of cognitive abilities
预测：A use amino acid in sweetener to form sth that help to reduce cognitive abilities

作者: freestyle32 时间: 2012-10-31 10:49
不太会【精练】
2. If something would have been justifiably regretted if
it had occurred, then it is something that one should
not have desired in the first place. It follows that
many forgone pleasures should not have been
desired in the first place.
The conclusion above follows logically if which one
of the following is assumed?

B：If something would have been justifiably regretted if it had occurred,
P：then it is something that one should not have desired in the first place.
C：It follows that many forgone pleasures should not have been desired in the first place.
Something 遗憾有理? sth. 不会Desired first place ? 被抛弃的快乐不会 desire first place
P?C
something that regret? 不被desire?pleasure 也不desire
缺少pleasure 与 something regret之间的关系
(A) One should never regret one’s pleasures.
(B) Forgone pleasures that were not desired would
not have been justifiably regretted.
(C) Everything that one desires and then regrets
not having is a forgone pleasure.
(D) Many forgone pleasures would have been
justifiably regretted.
(E) Nothing that one should not have desired in
the first place fails to be a pleasure.
【逻辑链】
41. (32895-!-item-!-188;#058&007553)

In comparison to the standard typewriter keyboard, the EFCO keyboard, which places the most-used keys nearest the typist's strongest fingers, allows faster typing and results in less fatigue. Therefore, replacement of standard keyboards with the EFCO keyboard will result in an immediate reduction of typing costs.

Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the conclusion drawn above?

B：In comparison to the standard typewriter keyboard, the EFCO keyboard, which places the most-used keys nearest the typist's strongest fingers
P：allows faster typing and results in less fatigue.
C：Therefore, replacement of standard keyboards with the EFCO keyboard will result in an immediate reduction of typing costs.
P?C
Faster typing, less fatigue ? reduction of typing costs
前者能否导致后者？

(A) People who use both standard and EFCO keyboards report greater difficulty in the transition from the EFCO keyboard to the standard keyboard than in the transition from the standard keyboard to the EFCO keyboard.不相关
(B) EFCO keyboards are no more expensive to manufacture than are standard keyboards and require less frequent repair than do standard keyboards. 加强
(C) The number of businesses and government agencies that use EFCO keyboards is increasing each year. 不相关
(D) The more training and experience an employee has had with the standard keyboard, the more costly it is to train that employee to use the EFCO keyboard. 正确
(E) Novice typists can learn to use the EFCO keyboard in about the same amount of time it takes them to learn to use the standard keyboard. 加强

42. (32943-!-item-!-188;#058&007554)

Researchers have found that when very overweight people, who tend to have relatively low metabolic rates, lose weight primarily through dieting, their metabolisms generally remain unchanged. They will thus burn significantly fewer calories at the new weight than do people whose weight is normally at that level. Such newly thin persons will, therefore, ultimately regain weight until their body size again matches their metabolic rate.
The conclusion of the argument above depends on which of the following assumptions?

B:Researchers have found that when very overweight people, who tend to have relatively low metabolic rates, lose weight primarily through dieting, their metabolisms generally remain unchanged.
P: They will thus burn significantly fewer calories at the new weight than do people whose weight is normally at that level.
C: Such newly thin persons will, therefore, ultimately regain weight until their body size again matches their metabolic rate.
P?C
thiner?Burn fewer calories: body= metabolic rate? regain weight

(A) Relatively few very overweight people who have dieted down to a new weight tend to continue to consume substantially fewer calories than do people whose normal weight is at that level. 没提到metabolism rate
(B) The metabolisms of people who are usually not overweight are much more able to vary than the metabolisms of people who have been very overweight. 没有rate
(C) The amount of calories that a person usually burns in a day is determined more by the amount that is consumed that day than by the current weight of the individual. 没有metabolism rate
(D) Researchers have not yet determined whether the metabolic rates of formerly very overweight individuals can be accelerated by means of chemical agents. 没有提到overweight
(E) Because of the constancy of their metabolic rates, people who are at their usual weight normally have as much difficulty gaining weight as they do losing it. 正确

43. (32991-!-item-!-188;#058&007555)

Half of the subjects in an experiment--the experimental group--consumed large quantities of a popular artificial sweetener. Afterward, this group showed lower cognitive abilities than did the other half of the subjects--the control group--who did not consume the sweetener. The detrimental effects were attributed to an amino acid that is one of the sweetener's principal constituents.

Which of the following, if true, would best support the conclusion that some ingredient of the sweetener was responsible for the experimental results?

B：Half of the subjects in an experiment--the experimental group--consumed large quantities of a popular artificial sweetener. Afterward, this group showed lower cognitive abilities than did the other half of the subjects--the control group--who did not consume the sweetener.
P：The detrimental effects were attributed to an amino acid that is one of the sweetener's principal constituents.
C：group showed lower cognitive abilities than did the other
C?P
Cognitive abilities ? amino acid

(A) Most consumers of the sweetener do not consume as much of it as the experimental group members did. 不相关
(B) The amino acid referred to in the conclusion is a component of all proteins, some of which must be consumed for adequate nutrition. 削弱
(C) The quantity of the sweetener consumed by individuals in the experimental group is considered safe by federal food regulators. 不相关
(D) The two groups of subjects were evenly matched with regard to cognitive abilities prior to the experiment. 加强
(E) A second experiment in which subjects consumed large quantities of the sweetener lacked a control group of subjects who were not given the sweetener. 看不懂

44. (33039-!-item-!-188;#058&007556)

Half of the subjects in an experiment--the experimental group--consumed large quantities of a popular artificial sweetener. Afterward, this group showed lower cognitive abilities than did the other half of the subjects--the control group--who did not consume the sweetener. The detrimental effects were attributed to an amino acid that is one of the sweetener's principal constituents.

Which of the following, if true, would best help explain how the sweetener might produce the observed effect?
B：Half of the subjects in an experiment--the experimental group--consumed large quantities of a popular artificial sweetener. Afterward, this group showed lower cognitive abilities than did the other half of the subjects--the control group--who did not consume the sweetener.
P：The detrimental effects were attributed to an amino acid that is one of the sweetener's principal constituents.
C：group showed lower cognitive abilities than did the other
C?P
Cognitive abilities ? amino acid

(A) The government's analysis of the artificial sweetener determined that it was sold in relatively pure form. 不相关
(B) A high level of the amino acid in the blood inhibits the synthesis of a substance required for normal brain functioning.
(C) Because the sweetener is used primarily as a food additive, adverse reactions to it are rarely noticed by consumers.不相关
(D) The amino acid that is a constituent of the sweetener is also sold separately as a dietary supplement. 不相关
(E) Subjects in the experiment did not know whether they were consuming the sweetener or a second, harmless substance.前提假设

作者: zxppx 时间: 2013-1-19 15:50
2. If something would have been justifiably regretted if
it had occurred, then it is something that one should
not have desired in the first place. It follows that
many forgone pleasures should not have been
desired in the first place.

The conclusion is that many forgone pleasures should not have been desired in the first place. But nothing about forgone pleasures has been provided by the argument. In order to strengthen the argument, the right answer must be something about forgone pleasures, and comply with other premises in the argument.
The conclusion above follows logically if which one
of the following is assumed?

A) One should never regret one’s pleasures.

Since the argument is about something would have been justifiably regretted, this answer choice is irrelevant.
(B) Forgone pleasures that were not desired would
not have been justifiably regretted.

Using the negation makes the answer hard to understand. But the premises are about something would have been justifiably regretted if it had occurred. How can we know forgone pleasures that desired? So it cannot be an assumption. Contender!
(C) Everything that one desires and then regrets
not having is a forgone pleasure.

Actually, it defines something is a forgone pleasure, but we do not know what a forgone pleasure is!
(D) Many forgone pleasures would have been
justifiably regretted.

Since forgone pleasures had occurred, it makes the logic chain complete. BA
(E) Nothing that one should not have desired in
the first place fails to be a pleasure.

It sounds like: something that one should not have desired in the first place tend to be a pleasure. But is it forgone pleasure?

41. (32895-!-item-!-188;#058&007553)
In comparison to the standard typewriter keyboard, the EFCO keyboard, which places the most-used keys nearest the typist's strongest fingers, allows faster typing and results in less fatigue. Therefore, replacement of standard keyboards with the EFCO keyboard will result in an immediate reduction of typing costs.
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the conclusion drawn above?
(A) People who use both standard and EFCO keyboards report greater difficulty in the transition from the EFCO keyboard to the standard keyboard than in the transition from the standard keyboard to the EFCO keyboard.

Since the transition cost is lower, EFCO keyboard should replace standard typewriter keyboard, strengthening the argument.
(B) EFCO keyboards are no more expensive to manufacture than are standard keyboards and require less frequent repair than do standard keyboards.

This answer choice strengthens the argument by showing that the transition may not have the weakness referred.
(C) The number of businesses and government agencies that use EFCO keyboards is increasing each year.

This answer choice strengthens the argument by showing that EFCO keyboards have a growing sale each year.
(D) The more training and experience an employee has had with the standard keyboard, the more costly it is to train that employee to use the EFCO keyboard.

Yes, in this case, we can find out that the transition from the standard keyboard to the EFCO keyboard can increase the cost. BA
(E) Novice typists can learn to use the EFCO keyboard in about the same amount of time it takes them to learn to use the standard keyboard.

So novice typists can choose either, thus making it clear that the transition may not have such a weakness.

42. (32943-!-item-!-188;#058&007554)
Researchers have found that when very overweight people, who tend to have relatively low metabolic rates, lose weight primarily through dieting, their metabolisms generally remain unchanged. They will thus burn significantly fewer calories at the new weight than do people whose weight is normally at that level. Such newly thin persons will, therefore, ultimately regain weight until their body size again matches their metabolic rate.

In this argument, researchers want to demonstrate that it is the metabolic rate that causes those very overweight people who lose weight primarily through dieting to regain their weight. And the right answer A rules out other factors, such as the increase in the consumption of calories when they become thin, thus strengthening the argument.
The conclusion of the argument above depends on which of the following assumptions?
(A) Relatively few very overweight people who have dieted down to a new weight tend to continue to consume substantially fewer calories than do people whose normal weight is at that level.

Even though there is someone, this answer choice cannot strengthen the argument.

If they don’t, the real reason cause them to regain weight might be the increased consumption of such newly thin people, thus weakening the argument.
(B) The metabolisms of people who are usually not overweight are much more able to vary than the metabolisms of people who have been very overweight.

The more varied metabolisms of people who are usually not overweight cannot support the argument.
(C) The amount of calories that a person usually burns in a day is determined more by the amount that is consumed that day than by the current weight of the individual.

Negation: If the amount of calories can be determined more by the current weight of the individual, such as weight of newly thin people, this conclusion will be highly fallacious. BA

The argument has revealed that their metabolisms generally remain unchanged.
(D) Researchers have not yet determined whether the metabolic rates of formerly very overweight individuals can be accelerated by means of chemical agents.

The means of chemical agents to accelerate the metabolic rates is outside the scope of the argument.
(E) Because of the constancy of their metabolic rates, people who are at their usual weight normally have as much difficulty gaining weight as they do losing it.

Gaining weight is irrelevant.

43. (32991-!-item-!-188;#058&007555)
Half of the subjects in an experiment--the experimental group--consumed large quantities of a popular artificial sweetener. Afterward, this group showed lower cognitive abilities than did the other half of the subjects--the control group--who did not consume the sweetener. The detrimental effects were attributed to an amino acid that is one of the sweetener's principal constituents.
Which of the following, if true, would best support the conclusion that some ingredient of the sweetener was responsible for the experimental results?
(A) Most consumers of the sweetener do not consume as much of it as the experimental group members did.

The consumption of most consumers is outside the scope of the argument.
(B) The amino acid referred to in the conclusion is a component of all proteins, some of which must be consumed for adequate nutrition.

The composition of the amino acid is irrelevant.
(C) The quantity of the sweetener consumed by individuals in the experimental group is considered safe by federal food regulators.

The safety is irrelevant, since the quantity of the sweetener may have some bad effects.
(D) The two groups of subjects were evenly matched with regard to cognitive abilities prior to the experiment.

Yes, if their cognitive abilities are different prior to the experiment, the result should be treated highly cautiously. BA
(E) A second experiment in which subjects consumed large quantities of the sweetener lacked a control group of subjects who were not given the sweetener.

A second lacking a control group is irrelevant.

44. (33039-!-item-!-188;#058&007556)
Half of the subjects in an experiment--the experimental group--consumed large quantities of a popular artificial sweetener. Afterward, this group showed lower cognitive abilities than did the other half of the subjects--the control group--who did not consume the sweetener. The detrimental effects were attributed to an amino acid that is one of the sweetener's principal constituents.
Which of the following, if true, would best help explain how the sweetener might produce the observed effect?

(A) The government's analysis of the artificial sweetener determined that it was sold in relatively pure form.

This answer choice has no effect on the argument.
(B) A high level of the amino acid in the blood inhibits the synthesis of a substance required for normal brain functioning.

Yes, in this case, it points out a harmful function of a high level of the amino acidin the blood, thus helping explain the observed effect. BA
(C) Because the sweetener is used primarily as a food additive, adverse reactions to it are rarely noticed by consumers.

The usage of the sweetener and the care of consumers cannot explain the observed effect in the experiment.
(D) The amino acid that is a constituent of the sweetener is also sold separately as a dietary supplement.

The usage of the amino acid is irrelevant.
(E) Subjects in the experiment did not know whether they were consuming the sweetener or a second, harmless substance.

This cannot help explain the observed effect in the experiment.

作者: pennyz 时间: 2013-3-8 23:31
1:32s
assumption
d
premise: if sth had happened,you would have been regret
then it is sth you should not desire
conclusion: many forgone pleasure is not desirable
rephrase: many forgone pleasure would...
1:37s
weaken
d
premise: new keyboard >standard keyboard( place most used key)
conclusion: new keyboard will reduce the cost of typing
rephrase: switch from normal to new cost a lot
2:29s
assumption
d??
premise

verweight people lower metabolising rate than normal
conclusion: they will regain weight to match that balance
rephrase: metabolish should always be matched with weight
2:25s
strengthen
d
premise: one group with sweeter slow cognition
one without sweeter higher
conclusion: sweeter is reponsible for it
rephrase: give second group some sweeter,then slow
55s
explain
b
phenomenon: sweeter lower than no sweeter
premise: a acid in sweeter is responsible
rephrase: the acid cause sth effect the recognition

作者: kid381 时间: 2013-8-5 11:44
2-9
41 74’’
Totally do not understand…
If I am regretful when something happens, then we will not happy about this thing in the first place. Therefore, many foregone happiness should not have been desired in the first place.
Assumption: foregone happiness might make us regretful?
(C)
D 三段论（syllogism）类型题目的解题方式
42 17’’
EFCO keyboard allows faster typing and results in less fatigue, consequently, it is economical to replace QWERTY keyboards with EFCO keyboards.
Weaken: the transferring cost is very high (D).
43 33’’
For overweight people, their metabolic rates are in a low rate and when they lose weight through dieting, they still keeps relatively low metabolic rates as new thin persons. Therefore, they will increase weight until their weight fit their old metabolic rates again.
Assumption: the newly thin person will the same amount of food as when they were overweight (seems to be C).
没看清题项，A matches my prediction, but I did not notice it.
44 45’’
Experimental group consuming a popular artificial sweetener reveals lower cognitive capabilities than control group eating nothing. It is said that an amino acid in the sweetener is the culprit behind the cognitive capability difference.
Strengthen: another group that subjects eat natural sweetener which contains no this amino acid still got high scores in the cognitive capability tests (definitely D).
45 32’’
The same context as 44 but asking different question.
Help to explain: this amino acid hampers people’s thinking ability by hindering the function of their brain (definitely B, E strengthen the reliability of experiment but does not reveal how this substance takes into effect).

作者: Elisha728 时间: 2013-9-8 09:02
8'18''
BDADB

作者: lyrsilvia 时间: 2013-9-26 16:06
D DADB
1. 18'
P:  If something would have been justifiably regretted if it had occurred, then it is something that one should not have desired in the first place.
C: many forgone pleasures should not have been desired in the first place.
ASSUMPTION: forgone pleasure=regretted
答案：D
(A) One should never regret one’s pleasures.------irrelevant. whether people should regret does nothing to the conclusion
(B) Forgone pleasures that were not desired would not have been justifiably regretted.--------if this true, forgone pleasures should not be classify as "not have been desired". this statement just violate the premise
(C) Everything that one desires and then regrets not having is a forgone pleasure.----------A-->B does not mean B-->A. here, A=forgone pleasure. B=regretted and not have desired
(D) Many forgone pleasures would have been justifiably regretted.--------CORRECT. the gap between the premise and the conclusion in the question is just the regretted between forgone pleasures
(E) Nothing that one should not have desired in the first place fails to be a pleasure.----------we are not talking about what's a pleasure

2. 12'
P: the EFCO keyboard places the most-used keys nearest the typist's strongest fingers and allows faster typing and results in less fatigue.
C: eplacement of standard keyboards with the EFCO keyboard will result in an immediate reduction of typing costs.
WEAKEN: other costs may emerge
答案：D
(A) People who use both standard and EFCO keyboards report greater difficulty in the transition from the EFCO keyboard to the standard keyboard than in the transition from the standard keyboard to the EFCO keyboard.-------------difficulty is not the concern but cost is
(B) EFCO keyboards are no more expensive to manufacture than are standard keyboards and require less frequent repair than do standard keyboards.-----------support instead
(C) The number of businesses and government agencies that use EFCO keyboards is increasing each year.----------------also slightly support
(D) The more training and experience an employee has had with the standard keyboard, the more costly it is to train that employee to use the EFCO keyboard.--------------CORRECT. pay attention to the word "costly". this statement just clear mention the cost the replacement generate
(E) Novice typists can learn to use the EFCO keyboard in about the same amount of time it takes them to learn to use the standard keyboard.-------------slightly support.

3. 24'
P: very overweight people, who tend to have relatively low metabolic rates, lose weight primarily through dieting, their metabolisms generally remain unchanged.  They will thus burn significantly fewer calories at the new weight than do people whose weight is normally at that level.
C: Such newly thin persons will ultimately regain weight until their body size again matches their metabolic rate.
ASSUMPTION: they will eat more after losing weight?
答案：A
(A) Relatively few very overweight people who have dieted down to a new weight tend to continue to consume substantially fewer calories than do people whose normal weight is at that level.-----------CORRECT. means once they reached the new weight, they will begin eating more, thus gain weight again.
(B) The metabolisms of people who are usually not overweight are much more able to vary than the metabolisms of people who have been very overweight.--------------how is the metabolisms vary does not matter whether they will become fat again.
(C) The amount of calories that a person usually burns in a day is determined more by the amount that is consumed that day than by the current weight of the individual.-------------states what the calories are determined. no useful information to judge whether fat people will be fat again.
取反: the calories are not determined more by the amount that is consumed that day. 无意义。and the statement or the question does not state how many calories fat people consume a day. so that is the main point of this reasoning
(D) Researchers have not yet determined whether the metabolic rates of formerly very overweight individuals can be accelerated by means of chemical agents.-----------still whether can be accelerated or not does not affect the whole picture.取非: has already determined that the metabolic rates can be accelerated. this statement does not illustrate the degree of acceleration. so if still too slow, this will not be useful to conclusion anything
(E) Because of the constancy of their metabolic rates, people who are at their usual weight normally have as much difficulty gaining weight as they do losing it.----------------gaining weight is not the topical subject in this question.

4. 27'
P: Half of the subjects in an experiment--the experimental group--consumed large quantities of a popular artificial sweetener.  Afterward, this group showed lower cognitive abilities than did the other half of the subjects--the control group--who did not consume the sweetener.
C: The detrimental effects were attributed to an amino acid that is one of the sweetener's principal constituents.
SUPPORT: some evidence support that amino acid is the only variable in the experiment
答案：D
(A) Most consumers of the sweetener do not consume as much of it as the experimental group members did.--------------what consumers do is irrelevant
(B) The amino acid referred to in the conclusion is a component of all proteins, some of which must be consumed for adequate nutrition.------------what the amino acid is does not affect the conclusion.this statement just imply that there are some differences in adequate nutrition between these two groups, but the question does not say anything about this. be cautious about such irrelevant information
(C) The quantity of the sweetener consumed by individuals in the experimental group is considered safe by federal food regulators.-----------whether it is safe does nothing to the question.
(D) The two groups of subjects were evenly matched with regard to cognitive abilities prior to the experiment.----------------CORRECT. states that the only variable is the amino acid.
(E) A second experiment in which subjects consumed large quantities of the sweetener lacked a control group of subjects who were not given the sweetener.----------------the difference between two experiment is irrelevant.
BE CAUTIOUS ABOUT ANSWER B. THINK MORE STRAIGHTLY AND DIRECTLY. AND ANALYZED THE GAP CLEARLY IN THE QUESTION AND GET THE CORRECT ORIENTATION FIRST.

5. 18' same content as 4
P: Half of the subjects in an experiment--the experimental group--consumed large quantities of a popular artificial sweetener.  Afterward, this group showed lower cognitive abilities than did the other half of the subjects--the control group--who did not consume the sweetener.
C: The detrimental effects were attributed to an amino acid that is one of the sweetener's principal constituents.
EXPLAIN: digest the sweetener-->lower cognitive abilities
答案：B
(A) The government's analysis of the artificial sweetener determined that it was sold in relatively pure form.---------pure form cause lower cognitive abilities? too unreasonable
(B) A high level of the amino acid in the blood inhibits the synthesis of a substance required for normal brain functioning.-------------CORRECT. clearly explain the reason why lower cognitive abilities formed
(C) Because the sweetener is used primarily as a food additive, adverse reactions to it are rarely noticed by consumers.-----------clearly irrelevant. what sweetener used does not explain why it harm people
(D) The amino acid that is a constituent of the sweetener is also sold separately as a dietary supplement.-------------whether it sold separately as supplement can not explain
(E) Subjects in the experiment did not know whether they were consuming the sweetener or a second, harmless substances.-------------whether subjects know or not does not explain. this just state the fairness of the experiment.
对比4，5题，发现4题中干扰项B更多偏向解释，而非assumption。explain的前提是这个结论确实成立，而assumption的前提是“在此assumption成立的情况下，这个结论才得以成立”. These two aspects should be treated carefully. it is really confusing.

作者: 艾筱豆 时间: 2013-9-29 23:10
B
D
A
D
B

作者: sakurasong 时间: 2013-9-30 11:21
DDDDB
-DDADB
42.
B: O, who tend to have low MR, lose weight primarily through dieting. M remain unchanged
P: O burn fewer calories at new weight than normal do
C: Thin persons will regain weight until body size matches MR.

A: O dieted down to a new weight tend to consume fewer calories than normal people do.

作者: w.melhere 时间: 2013-11-9 16:47
1. 错啦。看似复杂，只是因为题目不理解。其实中间的gap很明显。是“搭桥”
      background: if sth occured is regretted---> it is sth not desired
      conclusion:forgone pleasure was no desired at first place
         assumption? forgone pleasure= sth. regretted----> answer
2. 1'23
3.2'30  这个也错了。
A：减肥后以前overweight的人不会再继续减肥。支持了结论。
B：不超重的人MR比较容易改变。这是题目中给出的条件---维持原有的MR。不能作为新的假设支持。且更应该关注从前超的人的MR的改变。有点无关。

4.1'40
5.40'

作者: 苏错 时间: 2013-11-29 10:16
11.29
【精练】
premise:If something would have been justifiably regretted if it had
occurred, then it is something that one should not have
desired in the first place.
conclusion:Many forgone pleasures should not have been desired in the
first place.
assumption? 中间概念不等同， forgone pleasures=justifiably regretted?

A.概念不对等
B.would not
C.everything
D.correct
E.概念不对等

【逻辑链】
1.EFCO allows faster typing and less fatigue
So--replacement will result in reduction of costs
weaken--D

2.diet to lose weight , metabolisms remain unchanged.
So -- regain weight until metabolic rate match
assumption--B (A，the newly thinned people’s metabolic rate will stay stable)

3.experiment: consume sweetener group cognitive abilities <
did not consume sweeener because an amino acid
support--E (D 实验前提)

4.same material
help explain--B

作者: irenetopia 时间: 2013-12-11 15:22
【精练】
2. If something would have been justifiably regretted if
it had occurred, then it is something that one should
not have desired in the first place. It follows that
many forgone pleasures should not have been
desired in the first place.
The conclusion above follows logically if which one
of the following is assumed?
Logic： justifiably regret——should not have desired
So    FP should not desired
问assume：FP——justifiably regret

(A) One should never regret one’s pleasures.——irrelevant
(B) Forgone pleasures that were not desired would
not have been justifiably regretted.——反了
(C) Everything that one desires and then regrets
not having is a forgone pleasure.——irrelevant
(D) Many forgone pleasures would have been
justifiably regretted.——bingo！
(E) Nothing that one should not have desired in
the first place fails to be a pleasure.——看到这么绝对的词你还要选？！

【逻辑链】
41. (32895-!-item-!-188;#058&007553)
In comparison to the standard typewriter keyboard, the EFCO keyboard, which places the most-used keys nearest the typist's strongest fingers, allows faster typing and results in less fatigue.  Therefore, replacement of standard keyboards with the EFCO keyboard will result in an immediate reduction of typing costs.
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the conclusion drawn above?
logic：EFCO is good！blablablabla~~~
So EFCO may replace the traditional keyboard
问weaken：缩小它的优势，或缩小两个之间的差距

(A) People who use both standard and EFCO keyboards report greater difficulty in the transition from the EFCO keyboard to the standard keyboard than in the transition from the standard keyboard to the EFCO keyboard.——irrelevant，甚至support了
(B) EFCO keyboards are no more expensive to manufacture than are standard keyboards and require less frequent repair than do standard keyboards.——support
(C) The number of businesses and government agencies that use EFCO keyboards is increasing each year.——support
(D) The more training and experience an employee has had with the standard keyboard, the more costly it is to train that employee to use the EFCO keyboard.——bingo！training costs a lot
(E) Novice typists can learn to use the EFCO keyboard in about the same amount of time it takes them to learn to use the standard keyboard.——support

42. (32943-!-item-!-188;#058&007554)
Researchers have found that when very overweight people, who tend to have relatively low metabolic rates, lose weight primarily through dieting, their metabolisms generally remain unchanged.  They will thus burn significantly fewer calories at the new weight than do people whose weight is normally at that level.  Such newly thin persons will, therefore, ultimately regain weight until their body size again matches their metabolic rate.
The conclusion of the argument above depends on which of the following assumptions?
logic: overweight people lose weight——metabolic slow
   Burning Calories fewer——ultimate Regain weight
问assume：有个hole。为什么从消耗卡路里低一下子跳到最后反弹了？继续消耗卡路里了
(A) Relatively few very overweight people who have dieted down to a new weight tend to continue to consume substantially fewer calories than do people whose normal weight is at that level.——bingo!
(B) The metabolisms of people who are usually not overweight are much more able to vary than the metabolisms of people who have been very overweight.——irrelevant
(C) The amount of calories that a person usually burns in a day is determined more by the amount that is consumed that day than by the current weight of the individual.——irrelevant
(D) Researchers have not yet determined whether the metabolic rates of formerly very overweight individuals can be accelerated by means of chemical agents.——irrelevant
(E) Because of the constancy of their metabolic rates, people who are at their usual weight normally have as much difficulty gaining weight as they do losing it. ——irrelevant

43. (32991-!-item-!-188;#058&007555)

Half of the subjects in an experiment--the experimental group--consumed large quantities of a popular artificial sweetener.  Afterward, this group showed lower cognitive abilities than did the other half of the subjects--the control group--who did not consume the sweetener.  The detrimental effects were attributed to an amino acid that is one of the sweetener's principal constituents.
Which of the following, if true, would best support the conclusion that some ingredient of the sweetener was responsible for the experimental results?
logic： consume sweetener——lower cognitive than not consume
Amino acid in sweetener attribute the principal constituent
问assumption
(A) Most consumers of the sweetener do not consume as much of it as the experimental group members did.——irrelevant
(B) The amino acid referred to in the conclusion is a component of all proteins, some of which must be consumed for adequate nutrition.——irrelevant
(C) The quantity of the sweetener consumed by individuals in the experimental group is considered safe by federal food regulators.——irrelevant
(D) The two groups of subjects were evenly matched with regard to cognitive abilities prior to the experiment.——bingo!
(E) A second experiment in which subjects consumed large quantities of the sweetener lacked a control group of subjects who were not given the sweetener.——irrelevant

44. (33039-!-item-!-188;#058&007556)

Half of the subjects in an experiment--the experimental group--consumed large quantities of a popular artificial sweetener.  Afterward, this group showed lower cognitive abilities than did the other half of the subjects--the control group--who did not consume the sweetener.  The detrimental effects were attributed to an amino acid that is one of the sweetener's principal constituents.
Which of the following, if true, would best help explain how the sweetener might produce the observed effect?
logic：跟上面一样
问explain：就是总结

(A) The government's analysis of the artificial sweetener determined that it was sold in relatively pure form.——irrelevant
(B) A high level of the amino acid in the blood inhibits the synthesis of a substance required for normal brain functioning.——bingo！
(C) Because the sweetener is used primarily as a food additive, adverse reactions to it are rarely noticed by consumers.——irrelevant
(D) The amino acid that is a constituent of the sweetener is also sold separately as a dietary supplement.——。。。new information

作者: cyndichiang 时间: 2014-4-28 12:49
精炼 1‘47’‘
premise:justifiably regretted --->not have desired in the first place
conclusion:many forgone pleasures --> not have been desired in the first place.
Q:Assumption
prepharse:感觉又是伟大的三段论：A-->B C--->B 那么选项要同时涉及AC
选错了B
(A) One should never regret one’s pleasures.-----只提到了A
(B) Forgone pleasures that were not desired would
not have been justifiably regretted.----同时提到AC 留着；注意Conclusion中的MANY，我以为是必要条件啊，没有注意many
(C) Everything that one desires and then regrets
not having is a forgone pleasure.-----同时ABC
(D) Many forgone pleasures would have been
justifiably regretted.-----提到AC 留着;correct with a minimum of effort.
(E) Nothing that one should not have desired in
the first place fails to be a pleasure.----irrelevant;没有C

作者: cyndichiang 时间: 2014-4-28 13:13
逻辑链
1.17’‘
premise: EFCO use faster typing and less fatigue
conclusion: replacement of standard keyboards with the EFCO keyboard will result in an immediate reduction of typing costs.
Q:weaken
prephrase: EFCO cannot lead to immediate reduction since workers should be trained for some time

2.44''
premise: outweigh people's metabolism is unchanged and burn fewer calories than that of normal people
conclusion: new thin people after dieting will regain weight to match their metabolism
Q: Assumption
prephrase: if those people still keep dieting?

3.33''
premise: people have lower cognitive abilities after consuming artificial sweetener
conclusion: it's due to amino acid in sweetener
Q: Support
prephrase: 果推因否定一个他因：there are no other factors can lead to the lower cognitive abilities
when the amino acid is removed from artificial sweetener, people who consume this sweetener will have normal cognitive abilities
Q: Explain(how the sweetener might produce the observed effect)
prephrase: explain the mechanism of amino acid

作者: Lincy123 时间: 2020-6-12 08:51

P：如果一件事情发生了就会后悔，那在一开始就不该渴望它

C：在一开始就不该渴望forgone pleasures

Gap：发生了就后悔 == forgone pleasures？

A）一个人永远不该对开心后悔。Weaken

B）没有被渴望的FP不会被后悔。取非，被渴望的FP不会被后悔。

C）一个人渴望但是后悔没有做的东西就是FP。

D）很多FP会被后悔。Correct

E）没有在一开始就不该渴望的东西不是pleasure

P：EFCO键盘打字更快更不疲劳

C：用EFCO会省很多打字成本

Weaken

A）从EFCO转为标准键盘比从标准键盘转为EFCO难。无关

B） EFCO键盘的费用不会高于标准键盘，而且需要的修理费少。Strengthen

C）使用EFCO的政府和企业越来越多。无关

D）员工在标准键盘的训练和经验越多，使用EFCO的训练成本越高。Correct

E）打字员学习两个键盘的时间相等。无关

P：超重的人新城代谢满，所以消耗卡路里少

C：减肥变瘦的人最后会反弹回符合新陈代谢速率的体型

Assumption：不通过节食，新陈代谢还是不变吗

A）很少减肥变瘦的持续消耗比常人更少的卡路里。Correct

那些通过diet成功减重的overweight的人中，几乎没有人会像同等重量的average weight people那样继续维持低热量食物的摄取。换言之，这些减重成功者的体重很有可能bounce back. 再加上自身代谢率低（即燃烧脂肪慢）。

B）正常人的新陈代谢比超重的人变化更多。无关

C）一个人一天消耗的卡路里取决于当天吃的而不是现在的体重。

D）学者还没确定是否通过化学药物能加速新陈代谢。取非，能通过化学药物改变速率。Correct（x）

E）因为新陈代谢速率不变，目前体重的增肥和减肥一样难。Weaken

P：实验组消耗大量人工甜味剂。认知能力比控制组低。

C：效果归因于一种氨基酸，是一种甜味剂的核心组成物

Strengthen

A）大部分吃甜味剂的人不吃实验组那么多量。无关

B）结论里的氨基酸是组成所有蛋白质的成分，有些蛋白质一定要摄入。无关

C）实验组吃甜味剂的量是法规内安全的范围。无关

D）两组样本在实验之前的认知水平是相同的。Correct

E）第二个实验中，吃甜味剂的组没有控制组。无关

解释原理？

A）政府对人工甜味剂的分析决定了它要以纯粹的形式销售。无关

B）血液中高水平的氨基酸禁止了正常大脑运作所需的物质的合成。Correct

C）甜味剂是食物添加剂，很少有消费者发现它有相反的反应。无关

D）氨基酸是甜味剂的成分，也有单独售卖。无关

E）样本不知道他们是否在吃甜味剂还是无害物质。无关

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