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标题: 【每日逻辑练习第二季】【2-7】 [打印本页]

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作者: UlysessHope    时间: 2011-12-16 10:51
标题: 【每日逻辑练习第二季】【2-7】
最近状态：各种联系导师，而且我还不在学校。。。话不多说，发昨晚作业 又一次没按时发。。。不好意思
【精练】
4. Galanin is a protein found in the brain. In an
experiment, rats that consistently chose to eat fatty
foods when offered a choice between lean and fatty
foods were found to have significantly higher
concentrations of galanin in their brains than did rats
that consistently chose lean over fatty foods. These
facts strongly support the conclusion that galanin
causes rats to crave fatty foods.
Which one of the following, if true, most supports the
argument?
(A) The craving for fatty foods does not invariably
result in a rat’s choosing those foods over
lean foods.
(B) The brains of the rats that consistently chose to
eat fatty foods did not contain significantly
more fat than did the brains of rats that
consistently chose lean foods.
(C) The chemical components of galanin are
present in both fatty foods and lean foods.
(D) The rats that preferred fatty foods had the
higher concentrations of galanin in their
brains before they were offered fatty foods.
(E) Rats that metabolize fat less efficiently than do
other rats develop high concentrations of
galanin in their brains.

【逻辑链】
33.(31499-!-item-!-188;#058&006343)
Over the last five years, demand for hotel rooms in Cenopolis has increased significantly, as has the average price Cenopolis hotels charge for rooms.  These trends are projected to continue for the next several years.  In response to this economic forecast, Centennial Commercial, a real estate developer, is considering a plan to convert several unoccupied office buildings it owns in Cenopolis into hotels in order to maximize its revenues from these properties.
Which of the following would it be most useful for Centennial Commercial to know in evaluating the plan it is considering?
(A) Whether the population of Cenopolis is expected to grow in the next several years
(B) Whether demand for office space in Cenopolis is projected to increase in the near future
(C) Whether the increased demand for hotel rooms, if met, is likely to lead to an increase in the demand for other travel-related services
(D) Whether demand for hotel rooms has also increased in other cities where Centennial owns office buildings
(E) Whether, on average, hotels that have been created by converting office buildings have fewer guest rooms than do hotels that were built as hotels
34.(31547-!-item-!-188;#058&006362)
When demand for a factory's products is high, more money is spent at the factory for safety precautions and machinery maintenance than when demand is low.  Thus the average number of on-the-job accidents per employee each month should be lower during periods when demand is high than when demand is low and less money is available for safety precautions and machinery maintenance.
Which of the following, if true about a factory when demand for its products is high, casts the most serious doubt on the conclusion drawn above?
(A) Its employees ask for higher wages than they do at other times.
(B) Its management hires new workers but lacks the time to train them properly.
(C) Its employees are less likely to lose their jobs than they are at other times.
(D) Its management sponsors a monthly safety award for each division in the factory.
(E) Its old machinery is replaced with modern, automated models.
35.(31595-!-item-!-188;#058&006404)
It is illegal to advertise prescription medications in Hedland except directly to physicians, either by mail or in medical journals.  A proposed law would allow general advertising of prescription medications.  Opponents object that the general population lacks the specialized knowledge to evaluate such advertisements and might ask their physicians for inappropriate medications.  But since physicians have the final say as to whether to prescribe a medication for a patient, inappropriate prescriptions would not become more common.
Which of the following would it be most useful to establish in order to evaluate the argument?
(A) Whether advertising for prescription medications might alert patients to the existence of effective treatments for minor ailments that they had previously thought to be untreatable
(B) Whether some people might go to a physician for no reason other than to ask for a particular medication they have seen advertised
(C) Whether the proposed law requires prescription-medication advertisements directed to the general public to provide the same information as do advertisements directed to physicians
(D) Whether advertisements for prescription medications are currently an important source of information about newly available medications for physicians
(E) Whether physicians would give in to a patient's demand for a prescription medication chosen by the patient when the one originally prescribed by the physician fails to perform as desired
36.(31643-!-item-!-188;#058&006431)
Traveler:  Southern Airways has a far worse safety record than Air Dacentaria over the past few years, in terms of both the frequency of accidents and the severity of accidents.  Therefore, although Air Dacentaria is slightly more expensive, I will choose it over Southern Airways for my flight from Pederton to Dacenta, since it is worth paying extra to have a safer flight.
Which of the following, if true, casts the most serious doubt on the traveler's argument?
(A) Air Dacentaria's flight from Pederton to Dacenta is nonstop, whereas Southern Airways' flight touches down in Gorinda on the way.
(B) Most Southern Airways flights, but not its flight from Pederton to Dacenta, use Sarmouth airport, which because of its mountainous location is one of the world's most dangerous.
(C) For its flights from Pederton to Dacenta, Southern Airways uses a different model of airplane, with a smaller capacity, than the model Air Dacentaria uses for its flights on the same route.
(D) Only in the last few years has the cost of flying from Pederton to Dacenta been more expensive on Air Dacentaria than on Southern Airways.
(E) Although the frequency of accidents is greater on Southern Airways, on both airlines the proportion of flights that have accidents is very small.

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作者: UlysessHope    时间: 2011-12-16 10:53
逻辑链答案：BBEB
精练解析：
Question #4. Strengthen-CE. December 2000 LSAT, Section 2, #20. The correct answer choice
is (D)
This stimulus also contains causal reasoning—the conclusion takes a correlation and turns it into a causal
relationship:
G = higher concentration of galanin in the brain
CFF = crave fatty foods
C                         E
G          →           CFF
As with all causal arguments, once you identify the causality, you must immediately look to the question
stem and then attack. In this instance, the author simply assumes that galanin is the cause. Why can’t the
fatty foods lead to higher concentrations of galanin?
Answer choice (A): If anything, this answer choice may hurt the argument by showing that the cravings
do not always lead to choosing fatty foods. But, since the author uses the phrase “consistently chose” to
describe the choices of the rats, an answer stating that rats did not “invariably” choose fatty foods has no
effect on the argument.
Answer choice (B): This is a Shell Game answer because the test makers try to get you to fall for an
answer that addresses the wrong issue. The argument discusses the concentration of galanin in the brains
of rats; no mention is made of the fat content of the brains of rats. This answer, which focuses on the fat
content in the brains of rats, therefore offers no support to the argument. Even though the brain might not
contain more fat, a rat could still consistently choose and eat foods with a higher fat content.
Answer choice (C): The argument is that galanin in the brain causes rats to crave fatty foods. The fact that
galanin is in the food does not help that assertion and may actually hurt the argument.
Answer choice (D): This is the correct answer. The answer strengthens the argument by eliminating the
possibility that the stated causal relationship is reversed: if the rats had higher concentrations of galanin
prior to eating the fatty foods, then the fatty foods cannot be the cause of the higher concentration of
galanin. As discussed earlier in the chapter, this approach strengthens the argument by making it more
likely that the author had the original relationship correct.
Answer choice (E): This answer choice hurts the argument by suggesting that the causal relationship in the
conclusion is reversed. Remember that in Strengthen questions you can expect to see Opposite answers,
and this is one.

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作者: fox0923    时间: 2011-12-16 10:53
hope辛苦了，过来占位子~~---------------------------------------------------
精练-----------------28s---------------------support
B: Galanin is a protein found in the brain.
P: The rats chose to have fatty food have more Galanin than the rats who chose lean over fatty food.
C: Thus, galanin causes the rats to have fatty food.
Prephrase: More Galanin the rats have, more fatty food the rats eat.
                 There's no other possible reasons may cause rats to crave fatty food.


Analysis:
(A) The craving for fatty foods does not invariably
result in a rat’s choosing those foods over
lean foods.=============================weaken bit，but we don't have to prove if rats eat fatty foods over lean foods, our conclusion is about the relation of galanin VS. fatty food.
(B) The brains of the rats that consistently chose to
eat fatty foods did not contain significantly
more fat than did the brains of rats that
consistently chose lean foods.==================whether the food contains more fat or not is irrelevant.
(C) The chemical components of galanin are
present in both fatty foods and lean foods.===========chemical components are not issue here. same to B
(D) The rats that preferred fatty foods had the
higher concentrations of galanin in their
brains before they were offered fatty foods.==========support!
(E) Rats that metabolize fat less efficiently than do
other rats develop high concentrations of
galanin in their brains.=======================the argument is not about the metabolize fat.

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作者: 南瓜0729    时间: 2011-12-16 12:16
4 25s
B:G is a kind of protein.
P:rats that prefer to eat fatty food has more G than rats that prefer lean.
C:G causes rats to crave fatty food.(因果型结论）
P(support):there is no other reason.
选D
A irrelevant
B irrelevant
C irrelevant
D bingo
E irrelevant

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作者: xeyyxzty    时间: 2011-12-16 16:20
1.B:Galanin is a protein found in the brain.
P:In an experiment, rats that consistently chose to eat fatty foods when offered a choice between lean and fatty foods were found to have significantly higher concentrations of galanin in their brains than did rats that consistently chose lean over fatty foods.
C:These facts strongly support the conclusion that galanin causes rats to crave fatty foods.
maybe more fatty foods, higher concentrations of galanin in brains.
(A) The craving for fatty foods does not invariably result in a rat’s choosing those foods over lean foods.--irrelevant
(B) The brains of the rats that consistently chose to eat fatty foods did not contain significantly more fat than did the brains of rats that consistently chose lean foods.
--irrelevant
(C) The chemical components of galanin are present in both fatty foods and lean foods.
--irrelevant
(D) The rats that preferred fatty foods had the higher concentrations of galanin in their brains before they were offered fatty foods.
--right
(E) Rats that metabolize fat less efficiently than do other rats develop high concentrations of galanin in their brains.

--irrelevant--weaken
2.B:Over the last five years, demand for hotel rooms in Cenopolis has increased significantly, as has the average price Cenopolis hotels charge for rooms.  
P:These trends are projected to continue for the next several years.
C:considering a plan to convert several unoccupied office buildings it owns in Cenopolis into hotels in order to maximize its revenues from these properties.
costs and benefits
(A) Whether the population of Cenopolis is expected to grow in the next several years
--irrelevant
(B) Whether demand for office space in Cenopolis is projected to increase in the near future
--???--right
(C) Whether the increased demand for hotel rooms, if met, is likely to lead to an increase in the demand for other travel-related services
--irrelevant
(D) Whether demand for hotel rooms has also increased in other cities where Centennial owns office buildings
--irrelevant
(E) Whether, on average, hotels that have been created by converting office buildings have fewer guest rooms than do hotels that were built as hotels
--right
3.P:When demand for a factory's products is high, more money is spent at the factory for safety precautions and machinery maintenance than when demand is low.  
C:Thus the average number of on-the-job accidents per employee each month should be lower during periods when demand is high than when demand is low and less money is available for safety precautions and machinery maintenance.
more work, more accidents
(A) Its employees ask for higher wages than they do at other times.
--irrelevant
(B) Its management hires new workers but lacks the time to train them properly.
--weaken--right
(C) Its employees are less likely to lose their jobs than they are at other times.
--irrelevant
(D) Its management sponsors a monthly safety award for each division in the factory.
--irrelevant
(E) Its old machinery is replaced with modern, automated models.
--support
4. B:It is illegal to advertise prescription medications in Hedland except directly to physicians, either by mail or in medical journals.  A proposed law would allow general advertising of prescription medications.
P:Opponents object that the general population lacks the specialized knowledge to evaluate such advertisements and might ask their physicians for inappropriate medications.  But since physicians have the final say as to whether to prescribe a medication for a patient,
C: inappropriate prescriptions would not become more common.
(A) Whether advertising for prescription medications might alert patients to the existence of effective treatments for minor ailments that they had previously thought to be untreatable
--irrelevant
(B) Whether some people might go to a physician for no reason other than to ask for a particular medication they have seen advertised
--irrelevant
(C) Whether the proposed law requires prescription-medication advertisements directed to the general public to provide the same information as do advertisements directed to physicians
--irrelevant
(D) Whether advertisements for prescription medications are currently an important source of information about newly available medications for physicians
--irrelevant
(E) Whether physicians would give in to a patient's demand for a prescription medication chosen by the patient when the one originally prescribed by the physician fails to perform as desired
--right
5.P:Southern Airways has a far worse safety record than Air Dacentaria over the past few years, in terms of both the frequency of accidents and the severity of accidents. +Air Dacentaria is slightly more expensive
C:I will choose it over Southern Airways for my flight from Pederton to Dacenta, since it is worth paying extra to have a safer flight.
whether the accidents happened on the same 航线~
(A) Air Dacentaria's flight from Pederton to Dacenta is nonstop, whereas Southern Airways' flight touches down in Gorinda on the way.
--irrelevant
(B) Most Southern Airways flights, but not its flight from Pederton to Dacenta, use Sarmouth airport, which because of its mountainous location is one of the world's most dangerous.
--right
(C) For its flights from Pederton to Dacenta, Southern Airways uses a different model of airplane, with a smaller capacity, than the model Air Dacentaria uses for its flights on the same route.
--irrelevant
(D) Only in the last few years has the cost of flying from Pederton to Dacenta been more expensive on Air Dacentaria than on Southern Airways.
--irrelevant
(E) Although the frequency of accidents is greater on Southern Airways, on both airlines the proportion of flights that have accidents is very small.
--irrelevant

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作者: 风无衣    时间: 2011-12-17 10:51
【精炼2-7】
support_34s
background information:galanin is a protein found in brain
premise:rats that consistently choose fatty foods have significantly higher concentrations of galanin in their brains than rats that choose lean foods
conclusion:galanin causes rats to choose fatty foods

A) The craving for fatty foods does not invariably
result in a rat’s choosing those foods over
lean foods.——irrelevant
(B) The brains of the rats that consistently chose to
eat fatty foods did not contain significantly
more fat than did the brains of rats that
consistently chose lean foods.——weaken
(C) The chemical components of galanin are
present in both fatty foods and lean foods.——irrelevant
(D) The rats that preferred fatty foods had the
higher concentrations of galanin in their
brains before they were offered fatty foods.——correct
(E) Rats that metabolize fat less efficiently than do
other rats develop high concentrations of
galanin in their brains.——weaken

Answer choice (B): This is a Shell Game answer because the test makers try to get you to fall for an
answer that addresses the wrong issue. The argument discusses the concentration of galanin in the brains
of rats; no mention is made of the fat content of the brains of rats. This answer, which focuses on the fat
content in the brains of rats, therefore offers no support to the argument. Even though the brain might not
contain more fat, a rat could still consistently choose and eat foods with a higher fat content.

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作者: winghyy    时间: 2011-12-19 17:32
精炼题
35s-support
Rats who have high level of G are more likely to choose fatty foods. Therefore, G causes rats to choose fatty foods.
Prephase: Rats who don't have high levels of G will  choose lean foods.
(A) The craving for fatty foods does not invariably result in a rat’s choosing those foods over lean foods.-irrelevant
(B) The brains of the rats that consistently chose to eat fatty foods did not contain significantly
more fat than did the brains of rats that consistently chose lean foods.——irrelevant (fat)
(C) The chemical components of galanin are present in both fatty foods and lean foods.
——irrelevant
(D) The rats that preferred fatty foods had the higher concentrations of galanin in their
brains before they were offered fatty foods.——support
(E) Rats that metabolize fat less efficiently than do other rats develop high concentrations ofgalanin in their brains. ——weaken (fatty foods cause high concentrations of G)
选D

这题蒙对的。。。The answer D strengthens the argument by eliminating the
possibility that the stated causal relationship is reversed: if the rats had higher concentrations of galanin
prior to eating the fatty foods, then the fatty foods cannot be the cause of the higher concentration of
galanin. As discussed earlier in the chapter, this approach strengthens the argument by making it more
likely that the author had the original relationship correct. 排除两者关系颠倒

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作者: winghyy    时间: 2011-12-19 18:10
PREP逻辑链
33. 41s-evaluation
As the demand for hotel rooms has increased, the prices of hotel rooms increased, too. It is estimated that this trend will continue. A real-estate developer plans to convert some office building to hotels in order to maximize
its revenues.
选B

34. 44s-weaken
When the demand for a factory's products is high, more money is spent on the safety, causing less accident.
Prephase:Employees work overtime, so the total accident increases.
选B

35.57s-evaluation
It is illegal to advertise prescription medications to the general population, since the general population will be misleaded. However, because the physicians have the final say as to whether to prescribe medication, the advertising to general populations is feasible.
选E

36.40s-weaken
Airways D are safer than S, in terms of the frequency of accidents and the severity of accidents. Although the fare of D is more expensive than S, I will chose D.
Prephase: D did not record the accidents accurately.
选A

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作者: ugly5552000    时间: 2011-12-20 13:46
1/Background: G is a protein found in the brain. An experiment made comparison between the rats consistently chose to eat fatty foods and those chose to eat lean.
Premise: as it is found that the rats chose to eat fatty food have much higher concentrations of G in their brains than does rats that chose to eat lean, G causes rats to crave fatty foods.
Prephrase: eating fatty foods does not make the G concentrate.
D
A: irrelevant
B: the question stem does not refer to fat in brain.
C: it does not induce that whether the galanin in foods leads to concentration of galanin in brain.
D: it rules out other factors that might cause bias to the experiment
E: irrelevant
2/Background: the demand for hotel rooms in C has increased dramatically, so does the charge of the rooms, and the trends are projected to last for several years.
Premise: a estate developer plans to convert several idle office buildings it owns into hotels to maximize his revenue.
Prephrase: whether the profit of the new hotel can cover the cost of the convertion.
B
A: irrelevant
B: if the demand of office is to increase, then the conversion will be less worthy.
C: irrelevant
D: irrelevant
E: as long as there is demand for rooms, whether the converted rooms are popular to customers does not matter.
3/Background: when demand for a factory’s products is high, more money is spent on safety precautions and machinery maintenance than when demand is low.
Premise: this way can make the job related accidents per employee be lower during periods when demand is high than that when demand is low.
Prephrase: during the period when demand is low, the demand is often subcontract to other small factory.
B
A : irrelevant
B: with new and untrained workers, the job- related accidents are very likely to happen
C: irrelevant
D: irrelevant
E: irrelevant
4/Background: recently, the ban of advertising perception of medication is to be cancelled.
Premise: the opponents object that as the ordinary people lack of ability to evaluate the medication, they might be misguided to ask for inappropriate medication; however, as the physicians have the final say as to whether to prescribe a medication, inappropriate prescriptions would not become more common.
Prephrase: whether the physicians are capable to prescript appropriately.
E
A: irrelevant
B: irrelevant
C: because of the difference between the background knowledge of physicians and patients, the information advertised to them is definitely different.
D: irrelevant
E: the argument is whether the cancelation of ban in adverting will cause inappropriate prescription, but it is the physician who has the final say, so even if the prescription given by physician is the same as that has been advertised, the prescription cannot be considered as inappropriate.
5/Background: SA has a far worse safety record than AD over the past few years, whether in terms of both the frequency of accidents and the severity of accidents.
Premise: although the ticket of AD is more expensive, travelers prefer to choose AD for better safety conditions.
Prephrase: the SA’ scale is far larger than AD, in terms of both number of air routes and airplanes.
B
A: nonstop does not make any sense.
B: it indicates the objective factor that cause the high rate of accidents in SA
C: irrelevant
D: irrelevant
E: maybe AD has less accidents on the route than SA does.

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作者: leewonting    时间: 2012-4-22 21:49
117
背景：Galanin is a protein found in the brain.
条件：Rats prefer fatty food are found more connected with higher concentrations of galanin in their brain
结论：Galanin causes rats to crave fatty foods.
推测：没有其他的症状？！
选D


118
背景：Over the last five years, demand for hotel rooms in Cenopolis has increased significantly, as has the average price Cenopolis hotels charges for rooms.
条件：These trends are projected to continues for the next several years
结论：A estate developer want to convert several unoccupied office buildings it owns into hotels in order to maximize its revenues from these properties
推测：保证office的收益比hotel小
选B



119
背景：It is about the demand, money and safety precautions
条件：When demand for a factory’s products is high, more money is spent at the factory for safety precautions and machinery maintenance than when the demand is low
结论：Thus the average number of on-the-job accidents per employee each month should be lower during periods when demand is high than when demand is low and less money is available for safety precautions and machinery maintenance.
推测：Demand is high 的时候雇佣不熟悉的工人？
选B


120
It is illegal to advertise prescription medications in Hedland except directly to physicians, either by mail or in medical journals. A proposed law would allow general advertising of prescription medications.  Opponents object that the general population lacks the specialized knowledge to evaluate such advertisements and might ask their physicians for inappropriate medications.  But since physicians have the final say as to whether to prescribe a medication for a patient, inappropriate prescriptions would not become more common.
Which of the following would it be most useful to establish in order to evaluate the argument?
(A) Whether advertising for prescription medications might alert patients to the existence of effective treatments for minor ailments that they had previously thought to be untreatable
(B) Whether some people might go to a physician for no reason other than to ask for a particular medication they have seen advertised
(C) Whether the proposed law requires prescription-medication advertisements directed to the general public to provide the same information as do advertisements directed to physicians
(D) Whether advertisements for prescription medications are currently an important source of information about newly available medications for physicians
(E) Whether physicians would give in to a patient's demand for a prescription medication chosen by the patient when the one originally prescribed by the physician fails to perform as desired
背景：It’s illegal to advertise prescription medications in Hedland except directly to physicians, either by mail or in medical journals.
条件：A proposed law would allow general advertising of prescription medications; opponents object that the general lacks the specialized knowledge to evaluate such advertisements and might ask their physicians for inappropriate medications.
结论：But since the final say is conducted only by physicians, so Is ok to allow the law
推测：如果医生也受到这些不是很确实的信息引导？
选C
应该选E，C其实无关。就算广告没有对医生或者患者提供一样的信息，只要医生觉得这种要不适合患者，就不会提供这种药给患者。


121
背景：Someone wants to fly from Pederton to Dacenta.
条件：Southern Airway has a far worse safety record than Air Dacentaria over the past few years.
结论：So it’s safer to choose Dacentaria though it’s more expensive
推测：Southern Airway飞的次数更多，或者是P TO D 航线重来没有出现过事故？
选B

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作者: fanlynx    时间: 2012-6-1 14:27
第一题错了，可是还是不明白~，难道B不能当做是消除他因吗？即消除了是由大脑中FAT含量不同而造成选择不同的这一原因~

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作者: baseboss    时间: 2012-6-13 15:34
1.G protein leads rats choosing foods behavior.
presume:
remove G protein from rats' brain,rats change the choosing foods behavior.
(A) The craving for fatty foods does not invariably
result in a rat’s choosing those foods over
lean foods.
-->weaken
(B) The brains of the rats that consistently chose to
eat fatty foods did not contain significantly
more fat than did the brains of rats that
consistently chose lean foods.
-->irrelevant
(C) The chemical components of galanin are
present in both fatty foods and lean foods.
-->irrelevant
(D) The rats that preferred fatty foods had the
higher concentrations of galanin in their
brains before they were offered fatty foods.
-->correct
(E) Rats that metabolize fat less efficiently than do
other rats develop high concentrations of
galanin in their brains.
-->irrelevant

2.Presume:
hotel room price will decrease.

(A) Whether the population of Cenopolis is expected to grow in the next several years
-->irrelevant
(B) Whether demand for office space in Cenopolis is projected to increase in the near future
-->correct
(C) Whether the increased demand for hotel rooms, if met, is likely to lead to an increase in the demand for other travel-related services
-->irrelevant
(D) Whether demand for hotel rooms has also increased in other cities where Centennial owns office buildings
-->irrelevant
(E) Whether, on average, hotels that have been created by converting office buildings have fewer guest rooms than do hotels that were built as hotels
-->irrelevant

3
(A) Its employees ask for higher wages than they do at other times.
-->irrelevant
(B) Its management hires new workers but lacks the time to train them properly.
-->correct
(C) Its employees are less likely to lose their jobs than they are at other times.
-->irrelevant
(D) Its management sponsors a monthly safety award for each division in the factory.
-->irrelevant
(E) Its old machinery is replaced with modern, automated models.
-->irrelevant

4presume:
Doctor will follow patient's opinion.

A) Whether advertising for prescription medications might alert patients to the existence of effective treatments for minor ailments that they had previously thought to be untreatable
-->correct
(B) Whether some people might go to a physician for no reason other than to ask for a particular medication they have seen advertised
-->irrelevant
(C) Whether the proposed law requires prescription-medication advertisements directed to the general public to provide the same information as do advertisements directed to physicians
-->irrelevant
(D) Whether advertisements for prescription medications are currently an important source of information about newly available medications for physicians
-->irrelevant
(E) Whether physicians would give in to a patient's demand for a prescription medication chosen by the patient when the one originally prescribed by the physician fails to perform as desired
-->irrelevant

5presume:
Pay more can not lead to more safe.

(A) Air Dacentaria's flight from Pederton to Dacenta is nonstop, whereas Southern Airways' flight touches down in Gorinda on the way.
-->irrelevant
(B) Most Southern Airways flights, but not its flight from Pederton to Dacenta, use Sarmouth airport, which because of its mountainous location is one of the world's most dangerous.
-->irrelevant
(C) For its flights from Pederton to Dacenta, Southern Airways uses a different model of airplane, with a smaller capacity, than the model Air Dacentaria uses for its flights on the same route.
-->irrelevant
(D) Only in the last few years has the cost of flying from Pederton to Dacenta been more expensive on Air Dacentaria than on Southern Airways.
-->irrelevant
(E) Although the frequency of accidents is greater on Southern Airways, on both airlines the proportion of flights that have accidents is very small.
-->correct

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作者: jetyxo    时间: 2012-6-28 21:09
1 25" background: mice prefer fat food have high G than other mice
        conclusion: G---> mice like high fat food
       support: NOT  fat food---> hihg G
       answer  high G occur before fat food
---------------------------------------------
2 28" background: the demand for hotels is increase
                             to make more profits, CC convert  its unoccupied office building to hotel
         evaluate? --->B
---------------------------------------------
3 41" background: demand is high==more money is used to maintance machine==low average accidents==less money used to maintance
       weaken:B --->new worker who is untrained--->more likely to involve in an accident--->high average accidents pre employee
-----------------------------------------
4 34" background: allown advertisement on prescription medications
               opponent: people can not evaluate the effect of the medicin, they may be make a inappropriate decision
               support: the physician make the last decide
       evaluate: the physician won't  follow their patients' advice--->E
------------------------------------------------
5 25" background:SA has higher rate of accidents and more serious than AD
                           to be more safe,  traveler choose AD even need to pay extra price
        weaken:B

---

作者: jiajiajudy    时间: 2012-7-10 04:33
1.Which one of the following, if true, most supports the argument?
(A) weaken
(B) irrelevant
(C) irrelevant
(D) The rats that preferred fatty foods had the higher concentrations of galanin in their brains before they were offered fatty foods.
(E) irrelevant
2.Which of the following would it be most useful for Centennial Commercial to know in evaluating the plan it is considering?
(A) irrelevant
(B) Whether demand for office space in Cenopolis is projected to increase in the near future
(C) irrelevant
(D) irrelevant
(E) irrelevant
3.Which of the following, if true about a factory when demand for its products is high, casts the most serious doubt on the conclusion drawn above?
(A) irrelevant
(B) Its management hires new workers but lacks the time to train them properly.
(C) irrelevant
(D) irrelevant
(E) strengthen
4. Which of the following would it be most useful to establish in order to evaluate the argument?
(A) irrelevant
(B) Whether some people might go to a physician for no reason other than to ask for a particular medication they have seen advertised
(C) irrelevant
(D) irrelevant
(E) irrelevant-----------correct
5. Which of the following, if true, casts the most serious doubt on the traveler's argument?
(A) irrelevant
(B) irrelevant----------- correct
(C) irrelevant
(D)irrelevant
(E) Although the frequency of accidents is greater on Southern Airways, on both airlines the proportion of flights that have accidents is very small.

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作者: jiajiajudy    时间: 2012-7-10 04:54
4. It is illegal to advertise prescription medications in Hedland except directly to physicians, either by mail or in medical journals. A proposed law would allow general advertising of prescription medications. Opponents object that the general population lacks the specialized knowledge to evaluate such advertisements and might ask their physicians for inappropriate medications. But since physicians have the final say as to whether to prescribe a medication for a patient, inappropriate prescriptions would not become more common.
BG: illegal ad prescription except directly to physicians
Premise: law allow ad
Counter premise: opponents object  population lacks the knowledge to evaluate
Conclusion:  physicians final say ? inappropriate prescriptions would not become more common
Weaken: 如果physician 同意 就行了
5.
Traveler: Southern Airways has a far worse safety record than Air Dacentaria over the past few years, in terms of both the frequency of accidents and the severity of accidents. Therefore, although Air Dacentaria is slightly more expensive, I will choose it over Southern Airways for my flight from Pederton to Dacenta, since it is worth paying extra to have a safer flight.
Premise: frequency of accidents and severity of accidents ? SA worse than AD
Conclusion: choose AD from p to d
weaken: 只要说明P to D 是安全的就行了

E: 只是其中的一个原因 例子，还有一个severity accidents

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作者: Donts    时间: 2012-7-25 22:30
1.计时30''premise: rats chose fatty food over lean food has more G than rats chose lean over fatty.
conclusion:G causes rats to crave fatty food.
(A) The craving for fatty foods does not invariably
result in a rat’s choosing those foods over
lean foods.
(B) The brains of the rats that consistently chose to
eat fatty foods did not contain significantly
more fat than did the brains of rats that
consistently chose lean foods.无关
(C) The chemical components of galanin are
present in both fatty foods and lean foods.
(D) The rats that preferred fatty foods had the
higher concentrations of galanin in their
brains before they were offered fatty foods.
(E) Rats that metabolize fat less efficiently than do
other rats develop high concentrations of
galanin in their brains. 无关
选择D

2.计时41'' background:demand for room and the price are increasing. plan:convert several unoccupied office building into hotels goal:maximize its properties 选择B 3.计时 premise: more expenditure on safety precaution and machinery maintenance is needed when demand is high conclusion:; average # of on-the-job accident per employee each month should be lower. and less money is available for S and M. 选择D 4.计时50'' 选择E 5.计时24” premise：S has worse safety than A in both frequency and severity of accidents.conclusion：buy A even its more expensive, but its worth to pay extra money for safety. 推测：问题可以出在frequency和severity方面。 (A) Air Dacentaria's flight from Pederton to Dacenta is nonstop, whereas Southern Airways' flight touches down in Gorinda on the way.无关 (B) Most Southern Airways flights, but not its flight from Pederton to Dacenta, use Sarmouth airport, which because of its mountainous location is one of the world's most dangerous.无关A的 (C) For its flights from Pederton to Dacenta, Southern Airways uses a different model of airplane, with a smaller capacity, than the model Air Dacentaria uses for its flights on the same route. (D) Only in the last few years has the cost of flying from Pederton to Dacenta been more expensive on Air Dacentaria than on Southern Airways.无关 (E) Although the frequency of accidents is greater on Southern Airways, on both airlines the proportion of flights that have accidents is very small.无比较 选择C 订正3.B5.B 3.D中的award不一定是money，而且不一定花在s和m上

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作者: srafcatt    时间: 2012-10-27 13:23
1.35s
G-->brain
fatty food<--high G
another way to prove G helpful
A weaken
B irrelevant
C irrelevant
D correct
E irrelevant
2.38s
D increase,
CC convert office into hotels-->max revenues
maybe the cost to convert must be taken into account
A irrelevant
B correct
C irrelevant
D irre
E irre
3.38s
BG:demand for p high
S pre & MM high--->accident lower
work more frequently,workers number the same,accidents more frequently.
A irrelevant
B irre
C correct,this means the no. of the workers remains the same
D irre
E irre
4.30s
ads about pres medi illegal
proposed ads should be legal
opponents:mislead public,since doctor final decide --->no big deal
does those ads be bought by oneself?
A irrelevant
B irre
C irre
D irre
E correct this answer notes if the plan will be efficient
5.34s
S safety worse than A-->though more expensive chose A
maybe the flight is quite different between the two airports
A irre
B irre
C irre
D irre
E correct,so it doesn't matter what your choice is.

---

作者: zxppx    时间: 2013-1-19 10:50
4.

Galanin is a protein found in the brain. In an
experiment, rats that consistently chose to eat fatty
foods when offered a choice between lean and fatty
foods were found to have significantly higher
concentrations of galanin in their brains than did rats
that consistently chose lean over fatty foods. These
facts strongly support the conclusion that galanin
causes rats to crave fatty foods.

In order to strengthen the argument, we need to demonstrate the causality that galanin causes rates to crave fatty foods.
Which one of the following, if true, most supports the
argument?

(A) The craving for fatty foods does not invariably
result in a rat’s choosing those foods over
lean foods.

The result of the craving for fatty foods has been referred in the argument, a phenomenon that rats consistently chose fatty foods over lean foods.
(B) The brains of the rats that consistently chose to
eat fatty foods did not contain significantly
more fat than did the brains of rats that
consistently chose lean foods.

The fat in the brains of the rats that consistently chose to eat fatty foods is outside the scope of the argument.
(C) The chemical components of galanin are
present in both fatty foods and lean foods.

The chemical components of galanin are irrelevant.
(D) The rats that preferred fatty foods had the
higher concentrations of galanin in their
brains before they were offered fatty foods.

Yes, in this case, it points out that it is the higher concentrations of galanin cause these rats to choose fatty foods. BA
(E) Rats that metabolize fat less efficiently than do
other rats develop high concentrations of
galanin in their brains.

Metabolizing fat has no effect on the argument.

It is the opposite answer, which reverses the causal relationship in the argument.

33.(31499-!-item-!-188;#058&006343)
Over the last five years, demand for hotel rooms in Cenopolis has increased significantly, as has the average price Cenopolis hotels charge for rooms. These trends are projected to continue for the next several years. In response to this economic forecast, Centennial Commercial, a real estate developer, is considering a plan to convert several unoccupied office buildings it owns in Cenopolis into hotels in order to maximize its revenues from these properties.
Which of the following would it be most useful for Centennial Commercial to know in evaluating the plan it is considering?

(A) Whether the population of Cenopolis is expected to grow in the next several years

The population of Cenopolis is irrelevant, since the demand for hotel rooms may come from travelers.
(B) Whether demand for office space in Cenopolis is projected to increase in the near future

Yes, if so, the plan is highly suspectable. Otherwise, it is useful. BA
(C) Whether the increased demand for hotel rooms, if met, is likely to lead to an increase in the demand for other travel-related services

The demand for other travel-related services is outside the scope of the argument.
(D) Whether demand for hotel rooms has also increased in other cities where Centennial owns office buildings

It seems to be a contender. However, it is a Shell Game answer, since it refers to other cities, which are outside the scope of the argument.
(E) Whether, on average, hotels that have been created by converting office buildings have fewer guest rooms than do hotels that were built as hotels

The comparison of guest rooms is irrelevant, even though it may influence the revenue of the company. But we cannot compare the whole revenues between office buildings and new hotels



34.(31547-!-item-!-188;#058&006362)
When demand for a factory's products is high, more money is spent at the factory for safety precautions and machinery maintenance than when demand is low. Thus the average number of on-the-job accidents per employee each month should be lower during periods when demand is high than when demand is low and less money is available for safety precautions and machinery maintenance.
Which of the following, if true about a factory when demand for its products is high, casts the most serious doubt on the conclusion drawn above?

(A) Its employees ask for higher wages than they do at other times.

Higher wages are not related to the on-the-job accidents.
(B) Its management hires new workers but lacks the time to train them properly.

Yes, it accurately points out a question in the argument. More new workers lack training are hired, more on-the job accidents will happen. BA
(C) Its employees are less likely to lose their jobs than they are at other times.

Unemployment is irrelevant.
(D) Its management sponsors a monthly safety award for each division in the factory.

It strengthens the argument in some degree by showing that the safety award inspire people to watch out during work.
(E) Its old machinery is replaced with modern, automated models.

It strengthens the argument by showing that modern, automated models produce fewer accidents than old machinery does.



35.(31595-!-item-!-188;#058&006404)
It is illegal to advertise prescription medications in Hedland except directly to physicians, either by mail or in medical journals. A proposed law would allow general advertising of prescription medications. Opponents object that the general population lacks the specialized knowledge to evaluate such advertisements and might ask their physicians for inappropriate medications. But since physicians have the final say as to whether to prescribe a medication for a patient, inappropriate prescriptions would not become more common.

Please note the first two sentences, and we can find out that the purpose of these advertisements is to let general public know something about prescription medications.

The purpose is to settle down the question that whether advertising of prescription medications should be allowed, especially to general public.
Which of the following would it be most useful to establish in order to evaluate the argument?

(A) Whether advertising for prescription medications might alert patients to the existence of effective treatments for minor ailments that they had previously thought to be untreatable

Minor ailments that patients thought to be untreatable have no effect on the argument.
(B) Whether some people might go to a physician for no reason other than to ask for a particular medication they have seen advertised

As physicians have the final say as to whether to prescribe a medication for a patient, this answer choice is ineffective.

(C) Whether the proposed law requires prescription-medication advertisements directed to the general public to provide the same information as do advertisements directed to physicians

Because the general population lacks the specialized knowledge to evaluate such advertisements, even though these advertisements provide the same information to the general public as information to physicians, this answer choice has no effect on the argument.
(D) Whether advertisements for prescription medications are currently an important source of information about newly available medications for physicians

Yes, if it is, the advertisements are useful. Otherwise, they are ineffective. BA

This answer choice actually has no effect on the argument that whether advertising of prescription medications to general public should be allowed, but it has only effect on the argument that whether advertising of prescription medications to physicians. However, from the first sentence, we can infer that it is legal to advertise prescription medications in Hedland directly to physicians.It is a Shell Game answer!
(E) Whether physicians would give in to a patient's demand for a prescription medication chosen by the patient when the one originally prescribed by the physician fails to perform as desired

Even though they give in to a patient’s demand for a prescription medication chosen by the patient, the medication may not come from the advertisements.

If physicians give in, patients can use the medications that are known by patients from the advertisements. Otherwise, patients cannot use these medications as they want.

36.(31643-!-item-!-188;#058&006431)
Traveler: Southern Airways has a far worse safety record than Air Dacentaria over the past few years, in terms of both the frequency of accidents and the severity of accidents. Therefore, although Air Dacentaria is slightly more expensive, I will choose it over Southern Airways for my flight from Pederton to Dacenta, since it is worth paying extra to have a safer flight.
Which of the following, if true, casts the most serious doubt on the traveler's argument?

(A) Air Dacentaria's flight from Pederton to Dacenta is nonstop, whereas Southern Airways' flight touches down in Gorinda on the way.

Whether the flight has a stop is irrelevant, since we do not the safety about it.
(B) Most Southern Airways flights, but not its flight from Pederton to Dacenta, use Sarmouth airport, which because of its mountainous location is one of the world's most dangerous.

Yes, it rightly points out a cause to the higher accidents in Southern Airways than those in Air Dacentaria, but the cause has no effect on the flight from Pederton to Dacenta. BA
(C) For its flights from Pederton to Dacenta, Southern Airways uses a different model of airplane, with a smaller capacity, than the model Air Dacentaria uses for its flights on the same route.

We do not know whether a smaller capacity is more safe.
(D) Only in the last few years has the cost of flying from Pederton to Dacenta been more expensive on Air Dacentaria than on Southern Airways.

Although it is only in the last few years that has the cost of flying from Pederton to Dacenta been more expensive on Air Dacentaria than on Southern Airways, flights On Air Dacentaria may be safer than those on Southern Airways, thus strengthening the arguemnt.
(E) Although the frequency of accidents is greater on Southern Airways, on both airlines the proportion of flights that have accidents is very small.

Even though the proportion of fights that have accidents is very small, the result can be very terrible. Besides, this answer choice fails to point out the difference between the two airline companies.

---

作者: yscT    时间: 2013-3-5 12:56
DBBEB

---

作者: pennyz    时间: 2013-3-8 22:44
2:24s
strengthen
d
premise:choose fatty and lean>choose lean in g
conclusion: g cause fatty
rephrase:less g then not get fatty
1;57s
e
premise:the demand for hotel and price+
       (last 5 y and continue)
conclusion:change the office building into a hotel to raise profit
rephrase: is  the office building not making profit
         is the changed office building acceptablr
         can it be changed before the boost
1:27s
weaken
b
premise:demand+ more money for safe and maintainance
conclusion:less average accident when demand+
rephrase:lots of work and pressure  cause more mistake
1:54s
evaluating
e
premise: ad change to customers
        physicians decide at last
conclusion: change will not lead to wrong prescription
rephrase: there is other way than from physician to get the medicine
1:50s
weaken
b
premise:s>a in safe(no and frequency)
conclusion: choose pick a for safety
rephrase: in this line however,s is more safe

---

作者: Elisha728    时间: 2013-9-7 09:45
7'48''
DBBEE

---

作者: Elisha728    时间: 2013-9-7 17:25
36, Traveler:  Southern Airways has a far worse safety record than Air Dacentaria over the past few years, in terms of both the frequency of accidents and the severity of accidents.  Therefore, although Air Dacentaria is slightly more expensive, I will choose it over Southern Airways for my flight from Pederton to Dacenta, since it is worth paying extra to have a safer flight.
Which of the following, if true, casts the most serious doubt on the traveler's argument?
(A) Air Dacentaria's flight from Pederton to Dacenta is nonstop, whereas Southern Airways' flight touches down in Gorinda on the way. irrelevant
(B) Most Southern Airways flights, but not its flight from Pederton to Dacenta, use Sarmouth airport, which because of its mountainous location is one of the world's most dangerous.-Correct answer, the rout from Pederton to Dacenta may be safter if the traveler go Southern Airways than go Air Dacentaria.
Though it does not cast doubt that much but it cast the most doubt compared with other options
(C) For its flights from Pederton to Dacenta, Southern Airways uses a different model of airplane, with a smaller capacity, than the model Air Dacentaria uses for its flights on the same route. irrelevant
(D) Only in the last few years has the cost of flying from Pederton to Dacenta been more expensive on Air Dacentaria than on Southern Airways. irrelevant
(E) Although the frequency of accidents is greater on Southern Airways, on both airlines the proportion of flights that have accidents is very small.
But maybe Southern Airways has more flights and thus more accidents. so this option does not hurt the argument

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作者: lyrsilvia    时间: 2013-9-25 15:12
A BBEB
1. 20'
P:  In an experiment, rats that consistently chose to eat fatty foods when offered a choice between lean and fatty foods were found to have significantly higher concentrations of galanin in their brains than did rats that consistently chose lean over fatty foods.
C: galanin causes rats to crave fatty foods.
SUPPORT: it is galanin that causes rats to crave. but not fatty foods cause galanin
答案：A
(A) The craving for fatty foods does not invariably result in a rat’s choosing those foods over lean foods.-------------CORRECT. means craving fatty foods does not cause more choose for fatty food. this answer is more like an assumption
(B) The brains of the rats that consistently chose to eat fatty foods did not contain significantly more fat than did the brains of rats that consistently chose lean foods.-----------the fat contain is not discussed
(C) The chemical components of galanin are present in both fatty foods and lean foods.-------where the chemical components present does not affect galanin's effectiveness
(D) The rats that preferred fatty foods had the higher concentrations of galanin in their brains before they were offered fatty foods.--------clearly weaken.CORRECT
(E) Rats that metabolize fat less efficiently than do other rats develop high concentrations of galanin in their brains.-------------nothing about the rats that metabolize fat less efficiently is discussed
===============================================================
D clearly states that fatty foods cannot be the cause of the higher concentration of galanin.
A states that "consistently chose" to describe the choices of the rats, an answer stating that rats did not "invariably" choose fatty foods has no effect on the argument.注意A中的 not invariably【不总是】，这里就算是太模糊不绝对的，所以无法排除因果前后
分析出方向是causal-effect但是细节没有关注到。D项判断错误，逻辑链还不完善。
===============================================================
2. 23'
P: demand for hotel rooms in Cenopolis has increased significantly, as has the average price Cenopolis hotels charge for rooms.
C: convert several unoccupied office buildings it owns in Cenopolis into hotels in order to maximize its revenues from these properties.
EVALUATE: does this office buildings will generate profits more than hotels?
答案：B
(A) Whether the population of Cenopolis is expected to grow in the next several years---------------the population in C is not the matter.
(B) Whether demand for office space in Cenopolis is projected to increase in the near future-----------CORRECT. means the transform is unsuitable
(C) Whether the increased demand for hotel rooms, if met, is likely to lead to an increase in the demand for other travel-related services------------other travel-related services are what? irrelevant
(D) Whether demand for hotel rooms has also increased in other cities where Centennial owns office buildings-----------the increase in other cities is irrelevant
(E) Whether, on average, hotels that have been created by converting office buildings have fewer guest rooms than do hotels that were built as hotels---------------the comparison between converted rooms and the hotel rooms is irrelevant. we must focus on whether this converting is reasonable

3. 26'
P: demand high, more money is spent at the factory for safety
c: the average number of on-the-job accidents per employee each month should be lower during periods when demand is high than when demand is low and less money is available for safety precautions and machinery maintenance.
DOUBT: spent more≠safer
答案：B
(A) Its employees ask for higher wages than they do at other times.--------------wages are not discussed
(B) Its management hires new workers but lacks the time to train them properly.----------CORRECT.means more likely for new accidents
(C) Its employees are less likely to lose their jobs than they are at other times.-------------whether lose job or not is irrelevant
(D) Its management sponsors a monthly safety award for each division in the factory.-----------safety award=safer? irrelevant
(E) Its old machinery is replaced with modern, automated models.-----------modern automated models=safer? no information

4. 32'
P: physicians have the final say as to whether to prescribe a medication for a patient
C:  inappropriate prescriptions would not become more common; advertising will not do harm
EVALUATE: physicians will not give in
答案：E
(A) Whether advertising for prescription medications might alert patients to the existence of effective treatments for minor ailments that they had previously thought to be untreatable.------------nothing about physician. alert the existence is no affect the prescribe
(B) Whether some people might go to a physician for no reason other than to ask for a particular medication they have seen advertised--------------ask≠physician will give in, still can avoid inappropriate
(C) Whether the proposed law requires prescription-medication advertisements directed to the general public to provide the same information as do advertisements directed to physicians-------------what the law requires is not the reason
(D) Whether advertisements for prescription medications are currently an important source of information about newly available medications for physicians-----------information for physicians does not affect their appropriate prescription
(E) Whether physicians would give in to a patient's demand for a prescription medication chosen by the patient when the one originally prescribed by the physician fails to perform as desired----------CORRECT. clearly state the disadvantages of advertisement.

5. 16'
P: Southern Airways has a far worse safety record than Air Dacentaria over the past few years
C: although Air Dacentaria is slightly more expensive, I will choose it over Southern Airways for my flight from Pederton to Dacenta, since it is worth paying extra to have a safer flight.
DOUBT: worse safety record is caused by other factor but not the flight
答案：B
(A) Air Dacentaria's flight from Pederton to Dacenta is nonstop, whereas Southern Airways' flight touches down in Gorinda on the way.-------------nonstop or not is irrelevant with the safe
(B) Most Southern Airways flights, but not its flight from Pederton to Dacenta, use Sarmouth airport, which because of its mountainous location is one of the world's most dangerous.-------------CORRECT. means P to D will be safer in SA
(C) For its flights from Pederton to Dacenta, Southern Airways uses a different model of airplane, with a smaller capacity, than the model Air Dacentaria uses for its flights on the same route.--------smaller capacity=safer? no information tells us that.
(D) Only in the last few years has the cost of flying from Pederton to Dacenta been more expensive on Air Dacentaria than on Southern Airways.--------------cost is not the consideration
(E) Although the frequency of accidents is greater on Southern Airways, on both airlines the proportion of flights that have accidents is very small.------------still state SA is not safer.

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作者: jessie92730    时间: 2013-9-27 10:39
【offer大冒险】2-7
精练
BG: Galanin is a protein found in the brain
P: Rats chose fatty foods have higher galanin than rats chose lean
C: galanin causes rats to crave fatty foods
加强
猜测答案：排除他因
答案：D 排除了前提结论颠倒的可能

逻辑链
BBEB

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作者: stellagee    时间: 2013-9-27 12:52
加强
P: 选择吃肥肉的老鼠脑中的G比吃瘦肉的老鼠多
C：G导致老鼠渴望肥肉
猜测：吃肥肉不会让G增加
(D) The rats that preferred fatty foods had the
higher concentrations of galanin in their
brains before they were offered fatty foods. 加强

---

作者: w.melhere    时间: 2013-11-7 10:11
做错两道... ><
1. 1‘33
在D和E之间犹豫。没有意识到D可以加强...
The answer D strengthens the argument by eliminating the possibility that the stated causal relationship is reversed. 这是对因果关系的加强。虽然不能作为exclusive的答案，但也在一定程度上加强了。
E：选这个...我真是想太多了...

2. 1’23
3.1‘29
4.1’57
5.1‘33 错啦。根本没想到B是怎么削弱原文的。
首先，要削弱，只要说明from P to D is more safety or same expensive in SA.
B：说明了SA比AD在其他航线更危险的原因，但这一原因并不包括PD的航线。
E：尽管比例很小，但也许很严重或者基数很大。并且，这个选项没有说明SA和AD的差别。无法为选择哪一个提供信息。

天天都这样错...退下了...明天再来努力...

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作者: 苏错    时间: 2013-11-27 10:27
[精练]
background： Galanin is a protein found in the brain.
permise:chose fatty foods to eat>  chose lean
conclusion:galanin causes rats to crave fatty foods.
support-加强二者联系或者无法反向因果
A.weaken
B.weaken
C.facts
D.correct
E.weaken
[逻辑链]
1.demand increased  convert office to hotels to maximize revenues
evaluate
E(B E比较对象不对)
2.demand high  more spent at the factoty
so numbers should be lower
weaken
B
3.law allow advertising  opponents lacks knowledge
evaluate
E
4.worse safety --more expensive still choose
B

---

作者: irenetopia    时间: 2013-12-9 16:29
02：18
4. Galanin is a protein found in the brain. In an
experiment, rats that consistently chose to eat fatty
foods when offered a choice between lean and fatty
foods were found to have significantly higher
concentrations of galanin in their brains than did rats
that consistently chose lean over fatty foods. These
facts strongly support the conclusion that galanin
causes rats to crave fatty foods.
Which one of the following, if true, most supports the
argument?
Logic：G in the brain ; the rats prefer the fatty food has higher G in brain
G lead this causes
Support: whether G is higher after rats touch the food?
(A) The craving for fatty foods does not invariably
result in a rat’s choosing those foods over
lean foods.——weaken
(B) The brains of the rats that consistently chose to
eat fatty foods did not contain significantly
more fat than did the brains of rats that
consistently chose lean foods.——weaken
(C) The chemical components of galanin are
present in both fatty foods and lean foods.——irrelevant
(D) The rats that preferred fatty foods had the
higher concentrations of galanin in their
brains before they were offered fatty foods.——bingo！
(E) Rats that metabolize fat less efficiently than do
other rats develop high concentrations of
galanin in their brains.——irrelevant

【逻辑链】
33.21S
Over the last five years, demand for hotel rooms in Cenopolis has increased significantly, as has the average price Cenopolis hotels charge for rooms.  These trends are projected to continue for the next several years.  In response to this economic forecast, Centennial Commercial, a real estate developer, is considering a plan to convert several unoccupied office buildings it owns in Cenopolis into hotels in order to maximize its revenues from these properties.
Which of the following would it be most useful for Centennial Commercial to know in evaluating the plan it is considering?
Logic：demand of room increased；CC is considering to place its office to hotel
Evaluate: whether the demand of office is also increase?
(A) Whether the population of Cenopolis is expected to grow in the next several years——irrelevant
(B) Whether demand for office space in Cenopolis is projected to increase in the near future
(C) Whether the increased demand for hotel rooms, if met, is likely to lead to an increase in the demand for other travel-related services——bingo！
(D) Whether demand for hotel rooms has also increased in other cities where Centennial owns office buildings——irrelevant
(E) Whether, on average, hotels that have been created by converting office buildings have fewer guest rooms than do hotels that were built as hotels——irrelevant
34.41S
When demand for a factory's products is high, more money is spent at the factory for safety precautions and machinery maintenance than when demand is low.  Thus the average number of on-the-job accidents per employee each month should be lower during periods when demand is high than when demand is low and less money is available for safety precautions and machinery maintenance.
Which of the following, if true about a factory when demand for its products is high, casts the most serious doubt on the conclusion drawn above?
Logic：demand high；invest larger； workers more safety
Weaken: worker s are still not safety
(A) Its employees ask for higher wages than they do at other times.——irrelevant
(B) Its management hires new workers but lacks the time to train them properly.——bingo！
(C) Its employees are less likely to lose their jobs than they are at other times.——irrelevant
(D) Its management sponsors a monthly safety award for each division in the factory.——support
(E) Its old machinery is replaced with modern, automated models.——irrelevant
35.1：29
It is illegal to advertise prescription medications in Hedland except directly to physicians, either by mail or in medical journals.  A proposed law would allow general advertising of prescription medications.  Opponents object that the general population lacks the specialized knowledge to evaluate such advertisements and might ask their physicians for inappropriate medications.  But since physicians have the final say as to whether to prescribe a medication for a patient, inappropriate prescriptions would not become more common.
Which of the following would it be most useful to establish in order to evaluate the argument?
Logic:  PM is allowed appears on tv
Someone said it may no use because patient do not know about it
But patient may always ask doctors
So it is safe
Assumption: whether patient insist the inappropriate medicine
(A) Whether advertising for prescription medications might alert patients to the existence of effective treatments for minor ailments that they had previously thought to be untreatable——irrelevant
(B) Whether some people might go to a physician for no reason other than to ask for a particular medication they have seen advertised——irrelevant
(C) Whether the proposed law requires prescription-medication advertisements directed to the general public to provide the same information as do advertisements directed to physicians——irrelevant
(D) Whether advertisements for prescription medications are currently an important source of information about newly available medications for physicians——irrelevant
(E) Whether physicians would give in to a patient's demand for a prescription medication chosen by the patient when the one originally prescribed by the physician fails to perform as desired——bingo
36.1：32
Traveler:  Southern Airways has a far worse safety record than Air Dacentaria over the past few years, in terms of both the frequency of accidents and the severity of accidents.  Therefore, although Air Dacentaria is slightly more expensive, I will choose it over Southern Airways for my flight from Pederton to Dacenta, since it is worth paying extra to have a safer flight.
Which of the following, if true, casts the most serious doubt on the traveler's argument?
Logic：S has worse safety than D
So choose D is ok
Weaken: S is not safe is not due to itself

(A) Air Dacentaria's flight from Pederton to Dacenta is nonstop, whereas Southern Airways' flight touches down in Gorinda on the way.——support
(B) Most Southern Airways flights, but not its flight from Pederton to Dacenta, use Sarmouth airport, which because of its mountainous location is one of the world's most dangerous.——bingo！
(C) For its flights from Pederton to Dacenta, Southern Airways uses a different model of airplane, with a smaller capacity, than the model Air Dacentaria uses for its flights on the same route.——support
(D) Only in the last few years has the cost of flying from Pederton to Dacenta been more expensive on Air Dacentaria than on Southern Airways.——irrelevant
(E) Although the frequency of accidents is greater on Southern Airways, on both airlines the proportion of flights that have accidents is very small.——irrelevant

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作者: cyndichiang    时间: 2014-4-26 22:37
精炼 1‘48’‘
premise:rats that consistently chose to eat fatty foods were found to have significantly higher concentrations of galanin in their brains than did rats that consistently chose lean over fatty foods.
conclusion: galanin causes rats to crave fatty foods
Q:support
prephrase: conclusion--------------------------->evidence
      high concentration of G in brain-------------------------->carving fatty food
有因有果或无因无果的例证，排除它因或者说因果不倒置但是文章只说了两者仅有relationship 但没说是causal relationship

(A) The craving for fatty foods does not invariably
result in a rat’s choosing those foods over
lean foods.-------opposite; this statement will hurt the argument for the possibility that rats will not choose the fatty food.Irelevant;,since the author uses the phrase “consistently chose” to
describe the choices of the rats, an answer stating that rats did not “invariably” choose fatty foods has no
effect on the argument.该选项直接反对了文章中的事实，但对文章的推理过程没有作用
(B) The brains of the rats that consistently chose to
eat fatty foods did not contain significantly
more fat than did the brains of rats that
consistently chose lean foods.-------irrelevant;the argument does not infer anything about the fat in brain
(C) The chemical components of galanin are
present in both fatty foods and lean foods.------irrelevant; the argument concerns about the influence of G in brain,not  about G in the food. maybe G in brain has no effect on the preference but the G in food does
(D) The rats that preferred fatty foods had the
higher concentrations of galanin in their
brains before they were offered fatty foods.-------------correct ,this means that the G causes the crave ,not the fatty food cause the high concentration of G in brain
(E) Rats that metabolize fat less efficiently than do
other rats develop high concentrations of
galanin in their brains.------opposite; this will hurt the argument; since the rats metabolize fat less efficiently,they develop high concentration of G in brains

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作者: cencen1992    时间: 2014-11-1 20:05
精炼：33‘
Promise: chose fatty food=>Gal >chose the other food   
conclusion: Gal=>想要吃fatty food  
support：
因果联系  只需要建立因果联系即可 ！  
正确答案：D      ABC明显无关    E选项有点驳斥意味   

逻辑链：
1. 52’
C地方趋势：酒店房间需求量增长+酒店平均房价增长 over next several years  
措施：convert unoccupied office buildings into hotel
目的：增长收入from these real estate
评价  
可能入手点：unoccupied office buidings
Which of the following would it be most useful for Centennial Commercial to know in evaluating the plan it is considering?
(A) Whether the population of Cenopolis is expected to grow in the next several years（无关）
(B) Whether demand for office space in Cenopolis is projected to increase in the near future（留着）
(C) Whether the increased demand for hotel rooms, if met, is likely to lead to an increase in the demand for other travel-related services （无关）
(D) Whether demand for hotel rooms has also increased in other cities where Centennial owns office buildings（无关）
(E) Whether, on average, hotels that have been created by converting office buildings have fewer guest rooms than do hotels that were built as hotels（无关）
选B   如果yeas 无法增加收入 如果NO，可以支持

2. demand高=》在precaution+machine miantenence 收入钱多
   =》事故数量/emploee/month low + less money avalible
weaken  
攻击漏洞：花钱多就能导致事故数量变少？？  

(A) Its employees ask for higher wages than they do at other times.
(B) Its management hires new workers but lacks the time to train them properly.（正确）事故变多的可能性增加
(C) Its employees are less likely to lose their jobs than they are at other times.
(D) Its management sponsors a monthly safety award for each division in the factory.
(E) Its old machinery is replaced with modern, automated models.

3. 46‘
law: allow ad. about prescription medicine
oppoments: patients lack knowledge and would ask doctor
conclusion: because 医生有final say，所以不正当使用药品不会太常见   
预测：final say=正当使用？  
（A) Whether advertising for prescription medications might alert patients to the existence of effective treatments for minor ailments that they had previously thought to be untreatable（无关）
(B) Whether some people might go to a physician for no reason other than to ask for a particular medication they have seen advertised（无关）
(C) Whether the proposed law requires prescription-medication advertisements directed to the general public to provide the same information as do advertisements directed to physicians（无管）
(D) Whether advertisements for prescription medications are currently an important source of information about newly available medications for physicians （无关）
(E) Whether physicians would give in to a patient's demand for a prescription medication chosen by the patient when the one originally prescribed by the physician fails to perform as desired （相关）
E

4. 36’
SA相比较于AD来说不安全：表现在事故发生频率+事故发生严重性   
P---D  choose AD  因为： 虽然多花一些钱，但是worth it   
给了overall information，but specific example
给了具体的的飞行路线，那么此飞行路线会不会是一个特例呢？   

A) Air Dacentaria's flight from Pederton to Dacenta is nonstop, whereas Southern Airways' flight touches down in Gorinda on the way. （无关）
(B) Most Southern Airways flights, but not its flight from Pederton to Dacenta, use Sarmouth airport, which because of its mountainous location is one of the world's most dangerous.
(C) For its flights from Pederton to Dacenta, Southern Airways uses a different model of airplane, with a smaller capacity, than the model Air Dacentaria uses for its flights on the same route.（无关）
(D) Only in the last few years has the cost of flying from Pederton to Dacenta been more expensive on Air Dacentaria than on Southern Airways.（无关）
(E) Although the frequency of accidents is greater on Southern Airways, on both airlines the proportion of flights that have accidents is very small. （无关）
B 讨论了安全性的问题   大多数飞机都是用了一个比较危险的机场，但是PD路线没有用 是个特例！！

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作者: Lincy123    时间: 2020-6-10 01:10
P：更喜欢吃肥食物的老鼠有高的G在脑子里
C：G导致老鼠吃fatty food
Strengthen：not weaken
A）        取非craving for fatty food是导致老鼠选择的原因。待定
B）        取非 选择fatty的老鼠脑子含有更多fat。待定
C）        G的化学元素在F和L之间都有发现，无关
D）        在被提供f之前，喜欢f的老鼠的大脑就有很高的G。取非 – 看到f才有很高的G。说明是f导致的G，correct
E）        没有高G的老鼠代谢f效率更低，无关

P：把办公楼改造成旅馆
C：获取最大的收入
Evaluate
A）        人口是否会增长。无关
B）        办公楼的需求是否会增长。Correct
C）        增长的旅店房间是否能提高旅行相关的其他需求。无关
D）        C拥有办公楼的其他城市是否有旅馆需求增长。无关
E）        从办公室改造的旅馆的房间数量是否比别的旅馆少，无关

P：需求高的时候设备维修费用高
C：工人受伤事故减少，花在安全和机器维修的费用少
A）        工人要求更高工资 无关
B）        管理层雇佣新工人，但是没有训练他们的时间。待定correct
C）        工人比其他时间失业的概率小。无关
D）        管理层每个月给每个部门办法月度安全奖。无关
E）        旧机器被换成现代自动化的模型。无关

P：医生有告知是否要开药给病人的最终决策
C：不适当的药方不会变的更常见
Evaluate：医生决策和不当药方的关系
A）        处方药的广告是否能警告病人现在的治疗效果是否存在。无关
B）        有些人是否会无缘无故找医生，而不是为了咨询处方药，无关
C）        给大众看的处方药广告和医生看的是否相同。无关
D）        现在处方药的广告是否是一个对于医生来说的新的可得药的重要来源 待定
E）        医生是否会让步于病人的需求，给病人处方药，当原先开的药没有达到预期效果。Correct

P：AD值得花更多钱换来更安全的飞行
C：选择AD的P到D的航班
Weaken：P到D的航线SA不一定安全
A）P-D AD是不停的，但是SA要在G停一下。无关
B）除了P-D航线，大部分SA用S机场，这个机场时世界最危险的。Correct，SA有可能更安全的意思
C）SA的P-D航班使用的飞机不同，有更小的容量。无关
D）P-D的航线AD一直比SA贵，无关
E）虽然SA的事故频率更高，两个航线出事率都很低。

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