OG244题目如下：
244. Like their male counterparts, women scientists are above average in terms of intelligence and creativity, but unlike men of science, their female counterparts have had to work against the grain of occupational stereotyping to enter a "man's world."
(A) their female counterparts have had to work
(B) their problem is working
(C) one thing they have had to do is work
(D) the handicap women of science have had is to work
（E) women of science have had to work
OG的解释如下：E is the best choice. The meaning is clear despite the relative complexity of the sentence, the comparison of women with men is logical, and parallelism is maintained throughout. In A, the construction unlike men of science, their female counterparts violates rules of parallelism and syntax. It would best be rendered as unlike men of science, women of science ..(????).. ，请问A选项怎么不平行了？题目的第一句话还是Like their male counterparts, women scientists are above average in terms of intelligence and creativity,我也看到顺序有不同了，请问大家怎么平行才算是真正意义的平行呢？？？
还请大家多多指教，不胜感激！！
like their male counterparts = like women scientists' male counterparts; their有所指：women scientists
unlike men of science, their female counterparts = unlike men of science, men's counterparts; their 只能指men
比较上述两句发现，前者比较的是男女科学家，后者比较的是男人和女人，所以前者表达比后者表达更精确，虽然后者在理解上似乎很容易和前者保持一致。
好象roberta总问我想问的问题，我以后也不提问了，跟在你后面看就可以了。：）
stoneren这么一解释，我好象明白一些了。这一题我也觉得A读起来不好，但想不明白究竟哪儿不好，而且也看不懂OG的解释是什么意思。
另外，我觉得A的问题还在于，它的重心好象不太对。句子想表达的重心主要应该在woman of science上，men of science只是用来作比较（陪衬）用的，但是如果象A那样表达，作比较用的men of science倒是表达得很清楚，而中心名词倒成了their female counterparts, 让人一下子不能明白究竟指的是谁。不知道大家觉得我说的有没有道理？
hehe...caterpilar MM，咱们是心有灵犀哦
我觉得你说得挺有道理的，这样考虑也不错的说：）
还有请问stone斑竹，您说 unlike men of science, their female counterparts = unlike men of science, men's counterparts; their 只能指men，为什么their不能指代men of science,即是their female counterparts 表示men of science的counterparts呢？？
这是不是在钻牛角尖呢？？还烦请stone斑竹再帮忙解释解释，非常感谢的说！！
hehe...caterpilar MM，咱们是心有灵犀哦
我觉得你说得挺有道理的，这样考虑也不错的说：）
还有请问stone斑竹，您(roberta，请你以后用‘你’就可以了，我们大家都是朋友，不必如此客气)说 unlike men of science, their female counterparts = unlike men of science, men's counterparts; their 只能指men，为什么their不能指代men of science,即是their female counterparts 表示men of science的counterparts呢？？如果是men of science，那么their所对应的所有格到底是(men of science)'s还是men's of science呢？显然，两个都有点问题。
恩，明白些了，stoneren辛苦了
， 谢谢你！
偶以后用词一定注意 
,hehe....
我比较愚钝, 还是有些不解.unlike men of science, their female counterparts 我还是觉着their应指代men of science表明是科学男人的女性对应,而不是所有男人的女性对应.所以their female counterparts =the famale counterparts of man of science=woman of science.所以二者逻辑意思想同.why does ETS say they arenot parallel?
本着清晰的原则我觉着woman of science做主语更好,赞同caterpillar的论点.And in terms of syntax, "women of science" is parallel with "men of science" better than "their female counterparts" is, because "women of science" and "men of science" both follow the construction : A of B.
The points above are just my surmise. Welcome anybody to correct them!!!!!!!!
sorry, my chinese inputing system didn't work when I just finished half my points.
hpp920 mm,我原先也有这样的困惑，现在再来看这个题，又多了些感觉了:-) 还请大家指正的说
1.同意你和caterpillar mm的看法，题目的整个句子是在说women science,women of science的相关信息，所以用counterparts不太能突出本句的重心
2women of science的counterparts感觉理解起来有些绕，不想women scientists的counterpats那么容易理解，而且women of science的中心词是women.
不知大家觉得我说得是不是有道理？
我的理解是Unlike A，B结构不仅要求AB内容一致，形式也要一致。A说到底还是有歧义，counterpart到底是指men呢还是指men of science呢。
流沙说得真好：）
谢谢流沙 
我的理解是Unlike A，B结构不仅要求AB内容一致，形式也要一致。A说到底还是有歧义，counterpart到底是指men呢还是指men of science呢。
基本同意这种说法，是不是还有一点：通常是主句才用名词，只有状语或从句才用代词指代主句中的名词而没有反过来的情况呢？
这只是一种感觉，希望能得到NN的确认和纠正。
其实,这种题目有时候真的要凭感觉的,特别是在实战时:A和原文没有什么区别,E和原文有区别,但是意思差不多,读起来好象也顺一些,所以就选E;至于OG给的解释,估计他也不好说什么具体原因.
如果是OG的明显不对,还是可以驳一驳的
我觉得这题E明显优于A
其实，我觉得A也没什么大错，但是没有E好，我们要选的是最优的
同意billgong的观点，这里their好象存在两个指代不明，
1.their可以指代men或者men of science;
2.their也可以指代men of science或者前面的women scientists，
（从答案来看似乎是指代前面的women scientists的~）
所以就造成了指代不明，不知道我理解的对不对~~
我也正有這個想法 雖然 ,but 左右都是獨立的子句 但是他們的代詞指代是不是仍然要一致
(不像";" 左右兩邊的代詞可以指代不同名詞)
the whole sentence is :
Like their……，women scientists are……，but unlike……,their XX have had to work
so there is very clear, z520m is right.
Guys & Gals,
I think "their" in choice A can only refer to the subject of the previous sentence, i.e. woman scientists; So "their female counterpart" would be equivalent to "woman scientists' female counterpart", which does NOT make any sense whatsoever!
Let me try to elaborate my point with this example:
Like men, women are smart, but unlike men, they are less physical.
What do you think about "they" in this example?
A). clearly refers to "men".
B). clearly refers to "women".
C). is ambiguous
Please make your choice.
I dunno agree with liusha's point.If u google some sentences with both "unlike" and "counterparts" as key words, u can find a lot of the "Unlike A，B"-patterned sentences that do not require A and B to parallel in format. Therefore, I would rather argue that Anwer A suffers from an error of inprecise referrence .
同意billgong的观点，这里their好象存在两个指代不明，
1.their可以指代men或者men of science;
2.their也可以指代men of science或者前面的women scientists，
（从答案来看似乎是指代前面的women scientists的~）
所以就造成了指代不明，不知道我理解的对不对~~
新东方语法教材里就说明了的，在同一句话中，their只能指代同一个名词，没划线部分正确，那么their应该是指代women scients',那么在后面their 或者they就不能指代men of science，所以答案只有Ｅ
那如果A改为：they have had to work ，对不对呢？
整句为：Like their male counterparts, women scientists are above average in terms of intelligence and creativity, but unlike men of science, they have had to work against the grain of occupational stereotyping to enter a "man's world."
ding
原句如果改为，对不对呢？
Like their male counterparts, women scientists are above average in terms of intelligence and creativity, but unlike men of science, they have had to work against the grain of occupational stereotyping to enter a "man's world."
原句如果改为，对不对呢？
Like their male counterparts, women scientists are above average in terms of intelligence and creativity, but unlike men of science, they have had to work against the grain of occupational stereotyping to enter a "man's world."
个人认为，本题考点在于：按照gmat的逻辑，两个their出现在同一个句子中，指代对象应当一致。而a没有一致，所以错。
仅供参考。
同意billgong的观点，这里their好象存在两个指代不明，
1.their可以指代men或者men of science;
2.their也可以指代men of science或者前面的women scientists，
（从答案来看似乎是指代前面的women scientists的~）
所以就造成了指代不明，不知道我理解的对不对~~
新东方语法教材里就说明了的，在同一句话中，their只能指代同一个名词，没划线部分正确，那么their应该是指代women scients',那么在后面their 或者they就不能指代men of science，所以答案只有Ｅ
不同意这种说法，我觉得这里their的指代应该是清晰的（而且OG完全没提代词指代有问题），按照逻辑最大的原则，这里很明显their应该指men或men of science，如果指代women那counterparts就是men，然后men和men比？不可能，所以指代是没歧义的。而且前面有题说明一句话中，they和their指代不一致（忘了那题了，当时我就很困惑）
只是我看了前面的讨论贴，还是不是特别明白OG对于A不平行的解释，尽管感觉上是不怎么平行，特别是那个their感觉特别扭。
觉得前面关于重心的解释很有启发，隐约觉得A里的their好像把men弄成重心了（对于句子重心这个点我一直不怎么明白，前面的有题讲过这个，反正不知道怎么判断）不知大家怎么看？
就我愚见，代词的使用应遵守以下原则：对于一个在主从句中均将出现的名词成分，1。从句在前，主句在后，则主从句均可使用代词。2。主句在前，从句在后，只有从句能使用代词，主句必须声明完整意义的名词性成分。就这道题来讲
Contrary to the scholarly wisdom of the 1950’s and early
1960’s that predicted the processes of modernization and rationalization (would
gradually undermine it)（从句在前主句在后）, ethnicity is a worldwide phenomenon of increasing importance。这是正确的，不用带词叫convoluted
It is a worldwide phenomenon of increasing importance(主句在前从句在后), contrary to the
scholarly wisdom of the 1950’s and early 1960’s that predicted the processes of
modernization and rationalization would gradually undermine ethnicity. 这就错了。
更好的例子是(引用新东方国外部猛将朱江老师的话）：:
Bcause he is sick, Tony did not come to school.
Because Tony is sick, he did not come to school.
He did not come to school, because Tong is sick. （X）
Tony did not come to school, because he is sick.
大家自己体味一下吧。
那请问mymengming版主．．２６１ ＯＧＴＨ 中是不是也有类似的问题呢？？？
261. Being a United States citizen since 1988 and born in Calcutta in 1940. author Bharati Mukherjee has lived in England and Canada, and first came to the United States in 1961 to study at the Iowa Writers' Workshop.
(A) Being a United States citizen since 1988 and born in Calcutta in 1940, author Bharati Mukherjee has
(B) Having been a United States citizen since 1988, she was born in Calcutta in 1940; author Bharati Mukherjee
(C) Born in Calcutta in 1940, author Bharati Mukherjee became a United States citizen in 1988; she has
(D) Being born in Calcutta in 1940 and having been a United States citizen since 1988, author Bharati Mukherjee
(E) Having been born in Calcutta in 1940 and being a United States citizen since 1988, author Bharati Mukherjee
选项Ｂ，是不是因为she在前，所以有问题？？？？？
无限感激啊。。看了很多的帖子都没有结果。。。。 
如果不是因为这个问题，那Ｂ为什么错？？？？？？
C is best. The first clause presents its information clearly and in logical sequence. The use of a semicolon to set apart the remaining information further assists the clarity of the sentence. In A, the phrase Being... and born violates parallelism and oddly presents its information in reverse chronological order. Choice B illogically suggests that upon her birth in 1940, Mukherjee had already been a United States citizen since 1988. In D and E, the use of progressive forms (Being born, having been, Having been born, and being) implies continuous action, a notion that is not appropriate to the facts being presented. Also, these forms do not establish a logical time sequence, suggesting, for example, that Mukherjee had been a United States citizen before she lived in England and Canada and first came to the United States.
这题的关键是前后两个"their"指代不一致，前者指代"women"，后者却指代"men"，使整句的意思发生歧义，故A选项错。
我记得GMAT中同一代词的指代要求前后一致，这是基本原则。这也是我百思不得其解OG10-60中'IT"指代不一致的原因。
一点浅见，与大家斟酌！
我觉得第二个their指的仍然是women scientists,而且始终是women scientists.
所以就连their female counterparts 都是错的
E选项中,为什么要说have had to work,而不是直接说have to work?
有点晕头了,不知道have had to 有什么意思~谢谢了!!
In an effort to reduce their inventories, Italian vintners have cut prices; their wines have been priced to sell, and they are.
(A) have been priced to sell, and they are
(B) are priced to sell, and they have
(C) are priced to sell, and they do
(D) are being priced to sell, and have（C）
(E) had been priced to sell, and they have
their 指代 Italian vintners, they 指代 wines
| 欢迎光临 ChaseDream (https://forum.chasedream.com/) | Powered by Discuz! X3.3 |