19. Federal legislation establishing a fund for the cleanup of sites damaged by toxic chemicals permits compensating state governments for damage to their natural resources but does not allow claims for injury to people.
(A) compensating state governments for damage to
(B) compensating state governments for the damaging of 有名词用名词，不用the damaging of
(C) giving state governments compensation for damaging giving compensation笨拙/damaging的逻辑主语是联邦立法，错
(D) giving compensation to state governments for the damage of giving compensation笨拙/damage of 错（A）
(E) the giving of compensation to state governments for damaging the giving of compensation 笨拙/damaging的逻辑主语错
Choice A is correct. Choices B, C, and E could be read as saying that state governments can be compensated for damaging their own natural resources. (???)The phrasing in C, D, and E is needlessly wordy, and for the damage of in D is unidiomatic. (错误用法) This question is difficult.
固定用法：permit doing/ permit sb. To do sth./permit sb. Sth.错误用法：for the damage of
Choices B, C, and E could be read as saying that state governments can be compensated for damaging their own natural resources. (???)
OG的这个解释不理解 为何会有这样的理解 与A有什么本质的区别
谢谢
谢谢stoneren, 明白了
另外 请教Cgiving state governments compensation for damaging giving compensation
damaging 的逻辑主语是谁 是政府还是立法
我对逻辑主语一直晕
谢谢
对于逻辑主语好像很难系统地给个说法，如果有一些例题就好了，可以集中分析一下。
这里permit giving的逻辑主语，我认为是legislation
我问的是damaging
我主要对动作的逻辑主语晕
还有不定式的逻辑主语晕
谢谢携隐
如何判断的啊
sorry, paopao，你问的是damaging，我看成是giving了。
damaging的逻辑主语是government，这个来自逻辑判断，况且在这个问题上A和C表达是类似的。
damaging的逻辑主语是government，这个来自逻辑判断，况且在这个问题上A和C表达是类似的。
不一样吧
51. While Jackie Robinson was a Brooklyn Dodger, his courage in the face of physical threats and verbal attacks was not unlike that of Rosa Parks, who refused to move to the back of a bus in Montgomery, Alabama.
(A) not unlike that of Rosa Parks, who refused
(B) not unlike Rosa Parks, who refused
(C) like Rosa Parks and her refusal
(D) like that of Rosa Parks for refusing（A）
(E) as that of Rosa Parks, who refused
Choice D does not make clear whether it was Jackie Robinson or Rosa Parks who showed courage in refusing to move to the back of the bus; in fact, saying for refusing rather than who refused makes it sound as if courage moved to the back of the bus
在D里 for refusing 的逻辑主语是courage
那么(C) giving state governments compensation for damaging giving compensation
应该是Federal legislation
对吗
有些细微的差异，大全294 choice C里的for是固定结构compensation for的一部分。而OG51 choice D里的for可以认为是介词修饰主语。
我认为51这个例子有点特殊，关键在于Like的介入，如果将like结果省去，句子就是courage was for refusing，所以不合理；
而19的结构特点在于legislation permits compensating sb for sth，这里的sth是完全有可能由sb发出。
谢谢stoneren/rhod
如果没有任何固定用法的话
主语+谓语+宾语+ for doing sth.
doing的逻辑主语是什么呢
应该还是要看具体题目的吧。我感觉应该是主语，不过没有印证过。
damaging的逻辑主语是government，这个来自逻辑判断，况且在这个问题上A和C表达是类似的。
如果AC类似,那A不也成了state governments can be compensated for damaging their own natural resources？
“B/C/E是对动作compensate，而A表达的是对结果compensate”~~为什么A用名词表达对结果就不算是government damage呢？也可以看作是government damage了的结果吧？还是想不通~~,请教，谢谢！
damage 的主语为什么市政府呢？ 我觉得应该是toxic chemicals啊，因为前面的sites被toxic chemicals damage 后面 的their natural resources应该是政府的自然资源 同样被toxic chemicals damage~~~~
不知道对不对，NN指点呀~~~~
怎么没有人回答呢 ？？？
同意damage是名词
但后面的for damage to 感觉很别扭，这个to 是对应compensating 的吗？
compensating (state fovernments)(for damage) to their natural resources?
说下我的看法：）
原先没看出来有个并列，于是选了（Ｅ） 那句子就变成了
the giving of compensation to state governments for damaging their natural resources
这句话在逻辑上是不成立的，怎么会因为州政府破坏自然资源而给与补偿呢？同样不对的还有（Ｃ）
不选（Ｄ）是因为giving compensation 和 compensating 相比显得wordy了。
（Ｂ）的话damage本身是动词，就不要用damaging了，nn们指教阿ｎ。ｎ
这里面的compensate sb for damage to sth， damage to sth是固定用法，表示某物的破损。
不用compensate sb for damaging to sth是因为可以这样理解就是1. compensate for赔偿的固定用法，2.compensate sb because sb damaged sth,这里的for可以理解为因为的意思
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