17. During the nineteenth century Emily Eden and Fanny Parks journeyed throughout India, sketching and keeping journals forming the basis of news reports about the princely states where they had visited.
(A) forming the basis of news reports about the princely states where they had 1。从句比分词好，2。Visit是及物动词，必须加名词，所以这题要么用that，要么省略，不能用where3。时态错
(B) that were forming the basis of news reports about the princely states
(C) to form the basis of news reports about the princely states which they have
(D) which had formed the basis of news reports about the princely states where they had（E）
(E) that formed the basis of news reports about the princely states they
In choice A it is not immediately clear whether forming modifies journals or parallels sketching and keeping. (？？))Also, where they had visited is wordy and inappropriate for a simple reference to past events. (时态错)Choice B does not establish who visited the princely states, (没有说明谁去访问)and that were forming should be that formed. (时态错)Choice C is unclear because to form could be read as either in order to form or so as to form, (？？？)and the present perfect have visited does not agree with the past tense journeyed. (时态不对)In choice D, as in choice a, where they had is faulty, and had formed suggests that the journals and news reports existed before the journey. (时态错)E is best for this question of average difficulty.
“主句, doing1 +名词+doing2/done”, 这里doing2/done可认为即能修饰主句，又能修饰前面的名词。这种结构要尽量避免，除非根据逻辑关系，明显不会产生歧义，则可被接受，参见大全877的armed的用法。
1 In choice A it is not immediately clear whether forming modifies journals or parallels sketching and keeping. (？？))
OG这句解释没读懂 forming 在journals后 可以认为修饰前面的名词 我不明白是如何理解为平行呢
如果要平行 要这么用啊 ：sketching, keeping journals and forming
2Choice C is unclear because to form could be read as either in order to form or so as to form, (？？？)
这句没有读懂 in order to / so as to 不是都是表示目的吗 没什么区别吗
另外 我想问的是 to form 的逻辑主语是人 是不是不对啊 应该这样用
used to form
我的理解对吗
谢谢
1 - I think OG want to warn that 'A' will probably be viewed as 'sketching and keeping... (and) forming'.
2 - I also cannot differentiate between 'in order to' and 'so as to' in this condition. In longman and kingsoft, 'in order to' is almost equal to 'so as to'. But I think that the answer of your question 我想问的是 to form 的逻辑主语是人 是不是不对啊 is yes. Although 'use' in 'use to form' is right, 'use' is not necessary in the sentence that contain 'form'
stoneren: 谢谢你的答复
2我想问的是 to form 的逻辑主语是人 是不是不对啊 is yes. Although 'use' in 'use to form' is right, 'use' is not necessary in the sentence that contain 'form'
我对不定式的逻辑主语一直没感觉的 我再次确认一下
人 to form the basis 是错误的吧 逻辑主语只能是什么东西
Although 'use' in 'use to form' is right, 'use' is not necessary in the sentence that contain 'form'你说的我不理解
在OG
39. For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, a method to protect warriors against enemy arrows and spears.
E to protect
Choice E is incomplete; used to protect would have been acceptable.
所以我想如果这样用
used to form the basis of news reports about the princely states which they have应该是可以的
1在OG中所有平行最后一项 都要加and 真是不理解OG want to warn that 'A' will probably be viewed as 'sketching and keeping... (and) forming'.
谢谢
17. During the nineteenth century Emily Eden and Fanny Parks journeyed throughout India, sketching and keeping journals forming the basis of news reports about the princely states where they had visited.
(A) forming the basis of news reports about the princely states where they had 1。从句比分词好，2。Visit是及物动词，必须加名词，所以这题要么用that，要么省略，不能用where3。时态错
(B) that were forming the basis of news reports about the princely states
(C) to form the basis of news reports about the princely states which they have
(D) which had formed the basis of news reports about the princely states where they had（E）
(E) that formed the basis of news reports about the princely states they
In choice A it is not immediately clear whether forming modifies journals or parallels sketching and keeping. (？？))Also, where they had visited is wordy and inappropriate for a simple reference to past events. (时态错)Choice B does not establish who visited the princely states, (没有说明谁去访问)and that were forming should be that formed. (时态错)Choice C is unclear because to form could be read as either in order to form or so as to form, (？？？)and the present perfect have visited does not agree with the past tense journeyed. (时态不对)In choice D, as in choice a, where they had is faulty, and had formed suggests that the journals and news reports existed before the journey. (时态错)E is best for this question of average difficulty.
“主句, doing1 +名词+doing2/done”, 这里doing2/done可认为即能修饰主句，又能修饰前面的名词。这种结构要尽量避免，除非根据逻辑关系，明显不会产生歧义，则可被接受，参见大全877的armed的用法。
1 In choice A it is not immediately clear whether forming modifies journals or parallels sketching and keeping. (？？))
OG这句解释没读懂 forming 在journals后 可以认为修饰前面的名词 我不明白是如何理解为平行呢
如果要平行 要这么用啊 ：sketching, keeping journals and forming
2Choice C is unclear because to form could be read as either in order to form or so as to form, (？？？)
这句没有读懂 in order to / so as to 不是都是表示目的吗 没什么区别吗
我理解in order to和so as to还是有点差别的，但是我还没有通过查字典来加以验证。我觉得in order to有很强的主观目的在里面，就是说我一开始干这件事的时候就明确了要达到一种什么样的结果；而so as to 除了表示了主观目的性以外，还表示了一种客观上产生的结果，虽然这个结果并不是我一开始就预料到的或者想达到的，但是最后客观上就是形成了。
第一个问题，我和stoneren斑竹的看法一致。
我想问的是 to form 的逻辑主语是人 是不是不对啊
Although 'use' in 'use to form' is right, 'use' is not necessary in the sentence that contain 'form'你说的我不理解 - 我误解了你的意思，以为你认为use to form是固定结构，所以说在有form的结构中不一定有use
在OG
39. For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, a method to protect warriors against enemy arrows and spears.
E to protect
Choice E is incomplete; used to protect would have been acceptable.
所以我想如果这样用
used to form the basis of news reports about the princely states which they have应该是可以的
这个例子和一楼的例子有所不同，关键在于句子主语是人还是物，不定式或in order to表达目的，目的的发出者一般总是人，所以就会有OG39和大全267这两种不同表达。OG39这个例子的主语是shields，是物，而to do的逻辑主语应该是人，所以用被动used to do表达出物与人的关系，补全句子应该是：sheilds usd by people to do，to do的动作发出者是people而不是sheilds；对应的大全267，主语是两个人，主语和to do的逻辑主语一致，所以就没有使用used这种被动的需要。至于so as to在主语和逻辑主语一致时，我认为和in order to结构相似，没有什么大区别(so as to的主语问题好像在‘小词汇总’中提过)。
1在OG中所有平行最后一项 都要加and 真是不理解OG want to warn that 'A' will probably be viewed as 'sketching and keeping... (and) forming'. 其实在我看来的确没有平行理解的可能，但是在ETS编题的人看来有些人会有那种理解的可能。这个问题不必太钻，领会错误精神即可。
谢谢
非常感谢stoneren
不定式是我的一个真空 尤其是不定式的逻辑主语 原则已经明白了 极有必要好好总结整理
再次感谢stoneren
OG39，我的理解：a method used to protect相當于a method which is used by people to protect，若要用a method to protect，就必須是people use a method to protect
樓上的問題，to protect在這裏是脩飾a method，不能說a method protect，隻能說a method is used to protect，所以隻能用a method used to protect
a method to deal with the problem就可以，因為可以說a method deals with the problem，也可以說a method (is) used to deal with the problem，但是，相比之下，就顯得羅嗦
我想問一下，如果將C改成to form the basis of news reports about the princely states which they had，這樣對嗎？
to form錶示目的，had visited錶示在sketching和keeping之前遊覽過的地方
Visit是及物动词，必须加名词，所以这题要么用that，要么省略，不能用where
什么意思？
另外 我觉得过去完成时似乎更好啊
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