ChaseDream
标题: 【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-18】 [打印本页]
作者: bananazoo 时间: 2011-12-6 22:49
标题: 【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-18】
今天的作业：
【精练】
5. Researcher: People with certain personality disorders have more theta brain waves than those without such disorders. But my data show that the amount of one’s theta brain waves increases while watching TV. So watching too much TV increases one’s risk of developing personality disorders.
A questionable aspect of the reasoning above is that it
(A) uses the phrase “personality disorders” ambiguously
(B) fails to define the phrase “theta brain waves”
(C) takes a correlation to imply a causal connection
(D) draws a conclusion from an unrepresentative sample of data
(E) infers that watching TV is a consequence of a personality disorder
【逻辑链】
69.
Excavation of the ancient city of Kourion on the island of Cyprus revealed a pattern of debris and collapsed buildings typical of towns devastated by earthquakes. Archaeologists have hypothesized that the destruction was due to a major earthquake known to have occurred near the island in A.D. 365.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the archaeologists' hypothesis?
(A) Bronze ceremonial drinking vessels that are often found in graves dating from years preceding and following A.D. 365 were also found in several graves near Kourion.
(B) No coins minted after A.D. 365 were found in Kourion, but coins minted before that year were found in abundance.
(C) Most modern histories of Cyprus mention that an earthquake occurred near the island in A.D. 365.
(D) Several small statues carved in styles current in Cyprus in the century between A.D. 300 and 400 were found in Kourion.
(E) Stone inscriptions in a form of the Greek alphabet that was definitely used in Cyprus after A.D. 365 were found in Kourion.
70.
According to a review of 61 studies of patients suffering from severely debilitating depression, a large majority of the patients reported that missing a night's sleep immediately lifted their depression. Yet sleep-deprivation is not used to treat depression even though the conventional treatments, which use drugs and electric shocks, often have serious side effects.
Which of the following, if true, best explains the fact that sleep-deprivation is not used as a treatment for depression?
(A) For a small percentage of depressed patients, missing a night's sleep induces a temporary sense of euphoria.
(B) Keeping depressed patients awake is more difficult than keeping awake people who are not depressed.
(C) Prolonged loss of sleep can lead to temporary impairment of judgment comparable to that induced by consuming several ounces of alcohol.
(D) The dramatic shifts in mood connected with sleep and wakefulness have not been traced to particular changes in brain chemistry.
(E) Depression returns in full force as soon as the patient sleeps for even a few minutes.
71.
In many corporations, employees are being replaced by automated equipment in order to save money. However, many workers who lose their jobs to automation will need government assistance to survive, and the same corporations that are laying people off will eventually pay for that assistance through increased taxes and unemployment insurance payments.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the author's argument?
(A) Many workers who have already lost their jobs to automation have been unable to find new jobs.
(B) Many corporations that have failed to automate have seen their profits decline.
(C) Taxes and unemployment insurance are paid also by corporations that are not automating.
(D) Most of the new jobs created by automation pay less than the jobs eliminated by automation did.
(E) The initial investment in machinery for automation is often greater than the short-term savings in labor costs.
72.
United States hospitals have traditionally relied primarily on revenues from paying patients to offset losses from unreimbursed care. Almost all paying patients now rely on governmental or private health insurance to pay hospital bills. Recently, insurers have been strictly limiting what they pay hospitals for the care of insured patients to amounts at or below actual costs.
Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the information above?
(A) Although the advance of technology has made expensive medical procedures available to the wealthy, such procedures are out of the reach of low-income patients.
(B) If hospitals do not find ways of raising additional income for unreimbursed care, they must either deny some of that care or suffer losses if they give it.
(C) Some patients have incomes too high for eligibility for governmental health insurance but are unable to afford private insurance for hospital care.
(D) If the hospitals reduce their costs in providing care, insurance companies will maintain the current level of reimbursement, thereby providing more funds for unreimbursed care.
(E) Even though philanthropic donations have traditionally provided some support for the hospitals, such donations are at present declining.
作者: bananazoo 时间: 2011-12-6 22:49
逻辑链答案：BEAB把前面的全选就可以看到答案啦~
精练解析：
[attachimg=787,452]93948[/attachimg]
那啥，不好意思~突然电脑就不能复制pdf了。。。囧~明天正常了~再把答案重新发上来吧~
作者: HarrisZheng 时间: 2011-12-6 22:54
I do not understand how this works.
there is no options at all.
作者: bananazoo 时间: 2011-12-6 22:56
I do not understand how this works.
there is no options at all.
-- by 会员 HarrisZheng (2011/12/6 22:54:32)
选项被拉白了，是白色的字体~
是为了，让大家在做之前自己预测下答案~留一个思考的过程~
只要你选中空白的区域就会显示出来的~
加油！
作者: HarrisZheng 时间: 2011-12-7 00:11
C
69 B
70 E I am little confused with the argument, lack of sleep leads to depression, so it is obvious that sleep-depriviation should not be the treatment for depression. Why use the word "yet" in this argument to make it express the adversative meaning?
71 A
72 B
作者: fox0923 时间: 2011-12-7 01:11
精练---------------------23s---------------------------weaken
P: People with personality disorders have theta brian waves more than people without personality disorders.
C: Since watching TV can develop more theta brain waves, so watch TV would be the cause of personality disorders.
Prephrase: People with personality disorders would develop more brain waves.
People without personality disorders spend time on TV more than people with personality disorders.
Analysis:
(A) uses the phrase “personality disorders” ambiguously-----------------we don't have to define the terminology.
(B) fails to define the phrase “theta brain waves”------------------------this is not the issue either.
(C) takes a correlation to imply a causal connection---------------------bingo!
(D) draws a conclusion from an unrepresentative sample of data----------the argument doesn't give any sample of data.
(E) infers that watching TV is a consequence of a personality disorder------wrong! The passage infers a personality disorder is a consequence of watch TV.
作者: zz42050524 时间: 2011-12-7 08:27
2011/12/7 flaw of reasoning 28s
People with certain personality disorders have more theta brain weaves than that without disorder.
Watching TV can increase brain weaves,
Watching TV can increase the risk of personality disorder.
Pre: It is certain personality disorders that result in more brain weaves, not brain weaves cause personality disorder.
A) uses the phrase “personality disorders” ambiguously
(B) fails to define the phrase “theta brain waves”
(C) takes a correlation to imply a causal connection 本身无因果，错误的表示了一个因果，就是这个答案了。
(D) draws a conclusion from an unrepresentative sample of data
(E) infers that watching TV is a consequence of a personality disorder
作者: qiuhua01234567 时间: 2011-12-7 09:14
来了，还有2天进群罗，哈哈
Background：Researcher: People with certain personality disorders have more theta brain waves than those without such disorders
Premise: my data show that the amount of one’s theta brain waves increases while watching TV
Conclusion: watching too much TV increases one’s risk of developing personality disorders
(A)uses the phrase “personality disorders” ambiguously
(B) fails to define the phrase “theta brain waves”
(C) takes a correlation to imply a causal connection
----------------------------------------------------------------------------correct.
(D) draws a conclusion from an unrepresentative sample of data
(E) infers that watching TV is a consequence of a personality disorder
2.background: Excavation of the ancient city of Kourion on the island
of Cyprus revealed a pattern of debris and collapsed buildings typical of towns devastated by earthquakes.
Conclusion: destruction was due to a major earthquake known to have occurred near the island in A.D. 365
(A)Bronze ceremonial drinking vessels that are often found in graves dating from years preceding and following A.D. 365 were also found in several graves near Kourion.
(B) No coins minted after A.D. 365 were found in Kourion, but coins minted before that year were found in abundance.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------correct
(C) Most modern histories of Cyprus
mention that an earthquake occurred near the island in A.D. 365.
(D) Several small statues carved in styles current in Cyprus in the century between A.D. 300 and 400 were found in Kourion.
(E) Stone inscriptions in a form of the Greek alphabet that was definitely used in Cyprus after A.D. 365 were found in Kourion.
Background: According to a review of 61 studies of patients suffering from severely debilitating depression, a large majority of the patients reported that missing a night's sleep immediately lifted their depression
Conclusion: Yet sleep-deprivation is not used to treat depression even though the conventional treatments, which use drugs and electric shocks, often have serious side effects.
(A)For a small percentage of depressed patients, missing a night's sleep induces a temporary sense of euphoria.
(B) Keeping depressed patients awake is more difficult than keeping awake people who are not depressed.
(C) Prolonged loss of sleep can lead to temporary impairment of judgment comparable to that induced by consuming several ounces of alcohol.
(D) The dramatic shifts in mood connected with sleep and wakefulness have not been traced to particular changes in brain chemistry.
(E) Depression returns in full force as soon as the patient sleeps for even a few minutes.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------correct
Background: In many corporations, employees are being replaced by automated equipment in order to save money
Conclusion: many workers who lose their jobs to automation will need government assistance to survive, and the same corporations that are laying people off will eventually pay for that assistance through increased taxes and unemployment insurance payments.
(A)Many workers who have already lost their jobs to automation have been unable to find new jobs.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------correct
(B) Many corporations that have failed to automate have seen their profits decline.
(C) Taxes and unemployment insurance are paid also by corporations that are not automating.
(D) Most of the new jobs created by automation pay less than the jobs eliminated by automation did.
(E) The initial investment in machinery for automation is often greater than the short-term savings in labor costs.
Background: United States
hospitals have traditionally relied primarily on revenues from paying patients to offset losses from unreimbursed care
(A)Although the advance of technology has made expensive medical procedures available to the wealthy, such procedures are out of the reach of low-income patients.
(B) If hospitals do not find ways of raising additional income for unreimbursed care, they must either deny some of that care or suffer losses if they give it.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------correct
(C) Some patients have incomes too high for eligibility for governmental health insurance but are unable to afford private insurance for hospital care.
(D) If the hospitals reduce their costs in providing care, insurance companies will maintain the current level of reimbursement, thereby providing more funds for unreimbursed care.
(E) Even though philanthropic donations have traditionally provided some support for the hospitals, such donations are at present declining.
作者: fox0923 时间: 2011-12-7 12:04
来了，还有2天进群罗，哈哈
Background：Researcher: People with certain personality disorders have more theta brain waves than those without such disorders
Premise: my data show that the amount of one’s theta brain waves increases while watching TV
Conclusion: watching too much TV increases one’s risk of developing personality disorders
(A)uses the phrase “personality disorders” ambiguously
(B) fails to define the phrase “theta brain waves”
(C) takes a correlation to imply a causal connection
----------------------------------------------------------------------------correct.
(D) draws a conclusion from an unrepresentative sample of data
(E) infers that watching TV is a consequence of a personality disorder
2.background: Excavation of the ancient city of Kourion on the island
of Cyprus revealed a pattern of debris and collapsed buildings typical of towns devastated by earthquakes.
Conclusion: destruction was due to a major earthquake known to have occurred near the island in A.D. 365
(A)Bronze ceremonial drinking vessels that are often found in graves dating from years preceding and following A.D. 365 were also found in several graves near Kourion.
(B) No coins minted after A.D. 365 were found in Kourion, but coins minted before that year were found in abundance.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------correct
(C) Most modern histories of Cyprus mention that an earthquake occurred near the island in A.D. 365.
(D) Several small statues carved in styles current in Cyprus in the century between A.D. 300 and 400 were found in Kourion.
(E) Stone inscriptions in a form of the Greek alphabet that was definitely used in Cyprus after A.D. 365 were found in Kourion.
Background: According to a review of 61 studies of patients suffering from severely debilitating depression, a large majority of the patients reported that missing a night's sleep immediately lifted their depression
Conclusion: Yet sleep-deprivation is not used to treat depression even though the conventional treatments, which use drugs and electric shocks, often have serious side effects.
(A)For a small percentage of depressed patients, missing a night's sleep induces a temporary sense of euphoria.
(B) Keeping depressed patients awake is more difficult than keeping awake people who are not depressed.
(C) Prolonged loss of sleep can lead to temporary impairment of judgment comparable to that induced by consuming several ounces of alcohol.
(D) The dramatic shifts in mood connected with sleep and wakefulness have not been traced to particular changes in brain chemistry.
(E) Depression returns in full force as soon as the patient sleeps for even a few minutes.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------correct
Background: In many corporations, employees are being replaced by automated equipment in order to save money
Conclusion: many workers who lose their jobs to automation will need government assistance to survive, and the same corporations that are laying people off will eventually pay for that assistance through increased taxes and unemployment insurance payments.
(A)Many workers who have already lost their jobs to automation have been unable to find new jobs.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------correct
(B) Many corporations that have failed to automate have seen their profits decline.
(C) Taxes and unemployment insurance are paid also by corporations that are not automating.
(D) Most of the new jobs created by automation pay less than the jobs eliminated by automation did.
(E) The initial investment in machinery for automation is often greater than the short-term savings in labor costs.
Background: United States hospitals have traditionally relied primarily on revenues from paying patients to offset losses from unreimbursed care
(A)Although the advance of technology has made expensive medical procedures available to the wealthy, such procedures are out of the reach of low-income patients.
(B) If hospitals do not find ways of raising additional income for unreimbursed care, they must either deny some of that care or suffer losses if they give it.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------correct
(C) Some patients have incomes too high for eligibility for governmental health insurance but are unable to afford private insurance for hospital care.
(D) If the hospitals reduce their costs in providing care, insurance companies will maintain the current level of reimbursement, thereby providing more funds for unreimbursed care.
(E) Even though philanthropic donations have traditionally provided some support for the hospitals, such donations are at present declining.
-- by 会员 qiuhua01234567 (2011/12/7 9:14:40)
qiuhua加油加油哈~~
作者: xeyyxzty 时间: 2011-12-7 12:12
1. background information: People with certain personality disorders have more theta brain waves than those without such disorders. premise:t my data show that the amount of one’s theta brain waves increases while watching TV.
conclusion: watching too much TV increases one’s risk of developing personality disorders.
(A) uses the phrase “personality disorders” ambiguously
--irrelevant
(B) fails to define the phrase “theta brain waves”
--irrelevant
(C) takes a correlation to imply a causal connection
--right
(D) draws a conclusion from an unrepresentative sample of data
--irrelevant
(E) infers that watching TV is a consequence of a personality disorder
--irrelevant2.premise:Excavation of the ancient city of Kourion on the island of Cyprus revealed a pattern of debris and collapsed buildings typical of towns devastated by earthquakes.
conclusion:Archaeologists have hypothesized that the destruction was due to a major earthquake known to have occurred near the island in A.D. 365.
there were no other earthquakes happened during that period of time~and the buildings were built before A.D.365
(A) Bronze ceremonial drinking vessels that are often found in graves dating from years preceding and following A.D. 365 were also found in several graves near Kourion.
--weaken
(B) No coins minted after A.D. 365 were found in Kourion, but coins minted before that year were found in abundance.
--support--right
(C) Most modern histories of Cyprus mention that an earthquake occurred near the island in A.D. 365.
--irrelevant
(D) Several small statues carved in styles current in Cyprus in the century between A.D. 300 and 400 were found in Kourion.
--not sure
(E) Stone inscriptions in a form of the Greek alphabet that was definitely used in Cyprus after A.D. 365 were found in Kourion.
--weaken
3.
Which of the following, if true, best explains the fact that sleep-deprivation is not used as a treatment for depression?premise: According to a review of 61 studies of patients suffering from severely debilitating depression, a large majority of the patients reported that missing a night's sleep immediately lifted their depression.+ the conventional treatments, which use drugs and electric shocks, often have serious side effects.
conclusion: sleep-deprivation is not used to treat depression
it's because lack of sleep may cause more severe problems~maybe it's the illusion of patients
(A) For a small percentage of depressed patients, missing a night's sleep induces a temporary sense of euphoria.
--irrelevant, or slightly support
(B) Keeping depressed patients awake is more difficult than keeping awake people who are not depressed.
--irrelevant
(C) Prolonged loss of sleep can lead to temporary impairment of judgment comparable to that induced by consuming several ounces of alcohol.
--irrelevant
(D) The dramatic shifts in mood connected with sleep and wakefulness have not been traced to particular changes in brain chemistry.
--irrelevant
(E) Depression returns in full force as soon as the patient sleeps for even a few minutes.
--right
4. background information:In many corporations, employees are being replaced by automated equipment in order to save money.
premise:many workers who lose their jobs to automation will need government assistance to survive
conclusion:the same corporations that are laying people off will eventually pay for that assistance through increased taxes and unemployment insurance payments.
(A) Many workers who have already lost their jobs to automation have been unable to find new jobs.
--irrelevant--right
(B) Many corporations that have failed to automate have seen their profits decline.
--irrelevant
(C) Taxes and unemployment insurance are paid also by corporations that are not automating.
--???right???
(D) Most of the new jobs created by automation pay less than the jobs eliminated by automation did.
--irrelevant
(E) The initial investment in machinery for automation is often greater than the short-term savings in labor costs.
--irrelevant
5. background information:United States hospitals have traditionally relied primarily on revenues from paying patients to offset losses from unreimbursed care. Almost all paying patients now rely on governmental or private health insurance to pay hospital bills.
premise: Recently, insurers have been strictly limiting what they pay hospitals for the care of insured patients to amounts at or below actual costs.
conclusion:???
revenues will decline
(A) Although the advance of technology has made expensive medical procedures available to the wealthy, such procedures are out of the reach of low-income patients.
--irrelevant
(B) If hospitals do not find ways of raising additional income for unreimbursed care, they must either deny some of that care or suffer losses if they give it.
--right
(C) Some patients have incomes too high for eligibility for governmental health insurance but are unable to afford private insurance for hospital care.
--irrelevant
(D) If the hospitals reduce their costs in providing care, insurance companies will maintain the current level of reimbursement, thereby providing more funds for unreimbursed care.
--irrelevant
(E) Even though philanthropic donations have traditionally provided some support for the hospitals, such donations are at present declining.
--irrelevant
作者: ugly5552000 时间: 2011-12-7 18:16
1/Background: researchers found that people with personality disorders had more theta brain waves than those normal people. And the theta brain waves increase when people watch TV.
Premise: watching TV increases the risk of developing personality disorders.
Prephrase: it takes the symptom as the cause of the personality disorders.
C
A: “personality disorders” is not used ambiguously
B: no need to define the phrase “theta brain waves”
C: correct answer
D: the data might be representative
E: the author did not say that
2/Background: ancient towns devastated by earthquakes were found by archeologists.
Premise: They hypothesized the earthquake occurred in A.D. 365.
Prephrase: the latest coins found there are examined to be made in A.D. 365.
B
A: the vessels can be used for many years, so the earthquake might be many years after A.D. 365
B: the minting of coins stopped in A.D. 365 showed the economy activities stopped in the same year, this could imply the towns were deverstated.
C: histories sometimes are unreliable and unsubstantial.
D: statues between A.D. 300 and 400 cannot pinpoint the time of earthquake.
E: irrelevant
3/Background: most patients suffering from debilitating depression report that missing a night’s sleep immediately deteriorate their depression.
Premise: sleep-deprivation cannot be used as a treatment, as well as the conventional treatments which often have serious side effects.
E
A: it means the sleep-deprivation is useful to some patients, then it weakens the argument
B: irrelevant
C: nothing about depression
D: irrelevant
E: it shows sleep-deprivation will make depression worse.
4/Background: many corporations replace their employees with automated equipment, many employees who lose the jobs to automation will need government assistance to survive.
Premise: the corporations that lay people off will eventually pay for the assistance through increased taxes and unemployment insurance payments.
Prephrase: the economy is bad, it is hard for the laid off workers to find new jobs.
A
A: consistent with my prephrase.
B: irrelevant
C: irrelevant
D: irrelevant
E: irrelevant
5/Background: hospitals rely primarily on revenues from paying patients to offset losses from unreimbursed care. Almost all paying patients rely on governmental or private health insurance to pay. The insurers begin to limit their paying to hospital for insured patients to amounts at or below actual costs.
Prephrase: while the private patients cannot pay the hospital bills and the hospital cannot offset the losses from unreimbursed care, they will turn to government, and government will lift the tax rate of insurers to cover the increased expense.
B
A: irrelevant
B: right conclusion
C: makes no sense
D: unsubstantial
E: irrelevant
作者: winghyy 时间: 2011-12-7 18:27
精炼题
45s-weaken
Peoplle with certain personality disorders have more t brain waves. The data show that when one is watching TV, the amount of t brain waves increases. Therefore, watching too much TV will increase the risk of developing personality disorders.
Prephase: Personality disorders cause t brain waves.
选C
作者: balapupu 时间: 2011-12-8 09:08
1.[18s]
P: personality disorders more? more brain waves; watch TV?increase the brain waves
C: watching TV increase the risk of personality disorders.
Questionable reasoning: the two brain waves are different because the different cause.
A: (A) uses the phrase “personality disorders” ambiguously?no ambiguity.
(B) fails to define the phrase “theta brain waves”?there is no need to define this words
(C) takes a correlation to imply a causal connection--R
(D) draws a conclusion from an unrepresentative sample of data?can not figure whether the sample is represent or not.
(E) infers that watching TV is a consequence of a personality disorder?not consequence. it is cause.
作者: 风无衣 时间: 2011-12-8 14:07
【精炼1-18】
weaken_27s
background information:people with certain disorder personality have more theta waves than those without these disorders.
premise:data show that when people watch TV, the theta waves will increase
conclusion:watch too much TV will increase the risk of developing the disorder personality.
(A)uses the phrase "personality disorders"ambiguously——has no effect on this issue
(B)fails to define the phrase "theta brains wave" ——irrelevant
(C)takes a correlation to imply a casual connection——correct
(D)draws a conclusion from unrepresentative sample data——if data is unreliable, it could weaken the conclusion, but on this issue, it has no effect.
(E)infers that watching TV is a consequence of personality disorder——the conclusion is that watching TV could increase the risk of developing personality disorder. It is not the consequence.
作者: leewonting 时间: 2012-4-15 21:05
92
Researcher: People with certain personality disorders have more theta brain waves than those without such disorders. But my data show that the amount of one’s theta brain waves increases while watching TV. So watching too much TV increases one’s risk of developing personality disorders.A questionable aspect of the reasoning above is that it
(A) uses the phrase “personality disorders” ambiguously
(B) fails to define the phrase “theta brain waves”
(C) takes a correlation to imply a causal connection
(D) draws a conclusion from an unrepresentative sample of data
(E) infers that watching TV is a consequence of a personality disorder
背景：People with certain personality disorders have more theta brain waves than those without such disorders
条件：Data show that the amount of one’s theta brain waves increase while watching TV
结论：So watching too much TV increases one’s risk of developing personality disorders
推测：没有disorder的人也看很多电视？
选D
应该选C，there is no information about the data= =!!!!!!!!!! TV watching and theta waves appeared in the premise, then the author concluded that watching too much TV would increase the chances to have personality disorders
93
背景：Excavation of the ancient city of Kourion on the island of Cyprus revealed a pattern of debris and collapsed buildings typical of towns devastated by earthquakes
条件：The earthquake happened near A.D. 365
结论：Archaeologists have hypothesized that the destruction was due to major earthquake known to have occurred near the island in A.D. 365
推测：提出证据，地震发生在题目所表的时间范围内。
选B
94
背景：According a study, a large majority of the patients reported that missing a night’s sleep immediately lifted their depression.
条件：Drug and electric shocks that treat depression have serious side effects
结论：But sleep-deprivation is not used to treat depression.
推测：Sleep-deprivation的治疗效果不好？或者是有depression的人根本就睡不好？
选E
95
背景：In many corporations, employees are being replaced by automated equipment in order to save money.
条件：The workers who lose their jobs because of automation will seek assistance from government.
结论：The corporation will pay for such assistance through increased taxation and insurance payment.
推测：举具体实例。
选A，如果他们能够找到工作，就不需要政府的帮助
96
背景：US hospitals have traditionally relied on primarily revenues from paying patients to offset losses from unreimbursed care.
条件：Almost all patients now rely on government or private health insurance.
结论：insurers have been strictly limiting something they paid for the care.
推测：选与文字段落吻合的？
选B
作者: Roxas605 时间: 2012-4-24 20:48
I do not understand how this works.
there is no options at all.
-- by 会员 HarrisZheng (2011/12/6 22:54:32)
I share the same confusion with you.
But, I just consider the "sleep-deprivation" as "more sleeping"
作者: FB小贝 时间: 2012-5-15 22:27
5. Researcher: People with certain personality disorders have more theta brain waves than those without such disorders. But my data show that the amount of one’s theta brain waves increases while watching TV. So watching too much TV increases one’s risk of developing personality disorders.
A questionable aspect of the reasoning above is that it
(A) uses the phrase “personality disorders” ambiguously
(B) fails to define the phrase “theta brain waves”
(C) takes a correlation to imply a causal connection
(D) draws a conclusion from an unrepresentative sample of data
(E) infers that watching TV is a consequence of a personality disorder
C
作者: spencerX 时间: 2012-5-28 22:16
【精练】
B: People with certain personality disorders have more theta brain waves than those without such disorders
P: The amount of one’s theta brain waves increases while watching TV
C: watching too much TV→increases one’s risk of developing personality disorders
Pre: There are causal connections between two things that has happened at the same time.
My answer: C
【逻辑链】
69.
P: 挖掘出来的东西显示出被地震损坏的特征
C: The destruction was due to a major earthquake known to have occurred near the island in A.D. 365
Pre: There are some evidences to show that the earthquake actually cause the destruction.
My answer: B
A. Opposite answer.
B. Correct. If there are no coins have been found after AD 365, then it may suggest that the islafend has been destructed.
C. What modern histories said cannot support the argument. (Irrelevant)
D. If this statement is true, it is reasonable to infer that the island has not been destructed because there are small statues maintained after the earthquake.
E. This statement cannot be true and it can be eliminated for the similar reason like D
70.
Paradox：睡眠可以改善抑郁，但是不使用sleep-deprivation
Pre：Sleep- deprivation has some more serious problems
My answer：E
A. The statement slightly weakened the argument, and “a small percentage patient” cannot stand for all patients.
B. Irrelevant
C. Opposite answer. If this statement is true, then we should use the sleep- deprivation method rather not to use.
D. Irrelevant
E. Correct.
71.
B: Many employees have been replaced by automated equipment.
P: Many workers who lose their jobs to automation will need government assistance to survive
C: 公司最终会为解雇员工而付费
Pre：Workers will need the assistance
My answer: A
A. Correct
B. Irrelevant
C. Irrelevant
D. Irrelevant
E. Irrelevant
72.
Fact： USA hospitals rely on revenues from paying patients to offset losses. P--- government or private health insurance. Insurers will reduce the payment.
Pre: Hospitals will have to find other revenues source.
My answer: B
A. Irrelevant
B. Correct
C. Irrelevant
D. Out of scope
E. Irrelevant
作者: baseboss 时间: 2012-5-31 11:09
1.personality disorders people has high theta brain waves.
Watching TV will increase theta brain waves.
watching TV will cause personality disorders
Theta brain waves to personality disorder is not sufficient.
A) uses the phrase “personality disorders” ambiguous
-->irrelevant
(B) fails to define the phrase “theta brain waves”
-->irrelevant
(C) takes a correlation to imply a causal connection
-->maybe
(D) draws a conclusion from an unrepresentative sample of data
-->correct
(E) infers that watching TV is a consequence of a personality disorder
-->irrelevant
作者: 二楼往下掉 时间: 2012-6-15 00:15
1.
（1）23s questionable
（2）逻辑链
∵Disorder——>more theta brain waves
Watch TV——>more theta brain waves
∴watch TV——>personality disorder
（3）A能导致B，C能导致B，但没有其他证据不能推出A能导致C
（4）C同猜测，正确
2.
（1）26s support
（2）逻辑链
Facts：
Excavation of the ancient city of Kourion on the island of Cyprus revealed a pattern of debris and collapsed buildings typical of towns devastated by earthquakes.
Hypothesis：
The destruction was due to a major earthquake known to have occurred near the island in A.D. 365
（3）这些废墟经过检测确实是在A.D.365左右的东西
（4）A：vessels大概时间在A.D.365年左右，这东西也在K地发现，但证明不了那时候在K第发生过地震，loser
B：发现了大量在A.D.365以前的钱币，但是之后的没有发现，证明A.D.365确实发生了什么事，导致之后没有人再铸造钱币，contender
C：权威观点？
D：发现了在A.D.300-400的小雕像，不能说明地震的时间，loser
E：stone在A.D.365在C岛用过，与地震的时间没关系，loser
所以，选B
3.
（1）35s explain
（2）逻辑链
Fact：
According to a review of 61 studies of patients suffering from severely debilitating depression, a large majority of the patients reported that missing a night's sleep immediately lifted their depression
But
Sleep-deprivation is not used to treat depression even though the conventional treatments, which use drugs and electric shocks, often have serious side effects.
（3）没有效果，或者会有更大的潜在的副作用
（4）A：一小部分人的失眠是由暂时的euphoria导致的，与不适用sleep-deprivation疗法没关系，loser
B：让抑郁的人清醒着很困难，loser
C：长期失眠会导致暂时性的判断缺失，就像喝过酒一样，没有解释为什么不适用sleep疗法，loser
D：与睡眠相关的情绪剧变没有与铁定的脑中的化学成分的变化有必然关系，loser
E：抑郁会在患者睡几分钟后卷土重来，说明睡眠疗法没效果，contender
所以，选E
4.
（1）25s support
（2）逻辑链
Background：
In many corporations, employees are being replaced by automated equipment in order to save money.
Conclusion：
Many workers who lose their jobs to automation will need government assistance to survive, and the same corporations that are laying people off will eventually pay for that assistance through increased taxes and unemployment insurance payments.
（3）企业占税收和社保缴纳的大部分
（4）A：这些失业的人找不到新的工作，就需要救助，所以这些企业还是要负担这些人，contender
B：只说了企业的盈利，没有提到对失业者的援助，loser
C：不管社保是谁交的，这些由机器替代人的企业必然是这其中的一部分，loser
D：automation使得企业减少pay，无关选项，loser
E：没有跟机器设备的花费比较，loser
所以，选A
5.
（1）1’30’’ must be true看了半天没看懂。。。
（2）逻辑链
∵Hospitals relied primarily on revenues from paying patients
Paying patients rely on governmental or private health insurance
∴insurers have been strictly limiting what they pay hospitals for the care of insured patients to amounts at or below actual costs
这道题好混乱。。。没看懂最后一句话啥意思。。。
作者: jetyxo 时间: 2012-6-21 19:12
1 22" background: people whose behaviors are disorder have more theta brain waves
premise: when people watch TV increase ,their theta brain wave increase
conclusion: watching TV increase disorder behaviors
illogic reason: two things happen at the same time doesn't means a causal relationship
answer:C
------------------------------------------------------------------
2 16" background: excavation show debris of an old city which give evidence of an earthquake
conclusion: researcher assume that the city was destructed by an earthquake occured at AD.365
support?
answer:B
-----------------------------------------------------------------
3 29" background: study show that miss a night sleep can lift depression
result:doctors do not use this method to treat depression
reason? missing a night sleep will lead to more serious side-effect on treating
A B D irrelevant , C loss of sleep --->impairment in judgement --->irrelevant with depression
answer:E
-----------------------------------------------
4 22" background: automated equipment ---> unemployment
premise: high unemployment---> high goverment assitance---> company must pay more tax and fees
strengthen? A
---------------------------------------------------------
5 32" B
作者: emmasy 时间: 2012-7-8 00:48
1.
fact:watching tv will increase brain waves
conclusion:watching tv will increase people's chances to develop personality disorders.
a.irrevelant
b.irrevelant
c.correct
d.irrevelant
e.not infer
2.
facts:debris of buildings show that the city was destroyed by an earthquake
conclusion:the destruction was due to a major earthquake known to have occurred near the island in A.D. 365.
a.irrevelant
b.support
c.irrevelant
d.irrevelant
e.irrevelant
3.
facts:missing a night's sleep immediately lifted their depression-sleep-deprivation is not used to treat depression even though the conventional treatments often have serious side effects.
a.irrevelant
b.irrevelant
c.irrevelant
d.correct
e.irrevelant
4.
facts:the people who are fired by the company will receive government help.
conclusion:the same company will pay for the assistance by paying higher tax
a.correct
b.irrevelant
c.irrevelant
d.irrevelant
e.irrevelant
5.
a.not mention
b.correct
c.not mention
d.not mention
e.not mention
作者: LuckyYolandaLi 时间: 2012-7-10 18:45
5.
1）计时：29s
2）逻辑链：
Background information: People with certain personality disorders have more theta brain waves than those without such disorders.
Premise: The amount of one’s theta brain waves increases while watching TV.
Conclusion: Watching too much TV increases one’s risk of developing personality disorders.
3）推测：Make a wrong relation between sufficient condition and necessary condition. Personality disorder→more theta brain waves, but more theta brain waves（不能→）personality disorder.
4）选项分析：选C
C: Correct. Watching TV and the fact that theta brain waves increases happen at the same time, but we can’t infer that one cause another.
69.
1）计时：37s
2）逻辑链：
Premise: Excavation of the ancient city of Kourion on the island of Cyprus
revealed a pattern of debris and collapsed buildings typical of towns devastated by earthquakes.Conclusion: the destruction was due to a major earthquake known to have occurred near the island in A.D. 365.
3）推测：The debris and collapsed buildings are proved to exist before A.D. 365.
4）选项分析：选B
A: Weaken.
B: Correct.
C: Irrelevant.
D: Helpless.
E: Weaken.
70.
1）计时：58s
2）逻辑链：
Premise: According to a review of 61 studies of patients suffering from severely debilitating depression, a large majority of the patients reported that missing a night's sleep immediately lifted their depression.
Conclusion: sleep-deprivation is not used to treat depression even though the conventional treatments, which use drugs and electric shocks, often have serious side effects.
3）推测：Sleep-deprivation may cause other diseases.
4）选项分析：选E
A: A small percentage cannot be the representative.
B: 这个。。。比较感觉没什么意义吧。。。
C: temporary——程度不够，说明不了问题。。。
D: Irrelevant.
E: Correct. 感觉这句不同理解方法就有不同效果。。。不知道怎么理解才对。。。
71.
1）计时：33s
2）逻辑链：
Premise: In many corporations, employees are being replaced by automated equipment in order to save money.
Conclusion: Many workers who lose their jobs to automation will need government assistance to survive, and the same corporations that are laying people off will eventually pay for that assistance through increased taxes and unemployment insurance payments.
3）推测：To assist people who lose their jobs, the government will raise the price of taxes and unemployment insurance payments.
4）选项分析：选A
A: Correct.
B: Irrelevant.
C: 有点Irrelevant, 有点Weaken.
D: Irrelevant, 有点Weaken.
E: Irrelevant.
72.
1）计时：52s
2）逻辑链：
Background information: United States hospitals have traditionally relied primarily on revenues from paying patients to offset losses from unreimbursed care. Almost all paying patients now rely on governmental or private health insurance to pay hospital bills.
Premise: Recently, insurers have been strictly limiting what they pay hospitals for the care of insured patients to amounts at or below actual costs.
3）推测：Paying patients have to pay a part of hospital bills themselves.
4）选项分析：选B
作者: cleotina 时间: 2012-7-13 17:59
42''
problem
1 disorder people tend to with more theta diaorder wave than people without
disorder
2 when people watch TV, his move change intensively
C: watch more TV will lead to disorder
Guess: the wrong definition of the metal disorder
OA: A
C: take the corralation as a causal relation. suspect(没有完全明白这句话的
意思)
35''
support
1, dig out a old city
2, researcher thought it was distored in a major earthquake in the AD 365
guess: More clues to support the hypothesis.
OA: B
A: paradox
C: not sufficent
D: wrong
F: weaken
1'20 (分神回视)
explain
1 lose one night sleep will release the depression immediately
2 however, people not use this method to treat depression. even though use
the traditonal method have lots negtive aspect
Guess: after a while it will lead to more serious aftermath
OA: E this mathod is not pracmatic
A: reprehensive the article
B: Irrelevat
C: compare with a matter out of the scope
D:Irrelevant
28''
strong
1: company use more machine to institute stuff in order to decrease the
cost
2: the tax spend on the laid-off will be paied by company
3: in this way can not fulfill the aim to induce the cost
guess: more facts to illustrate the argument
OA: A
54''
conclusion/ must be true
1 most of the profits of the hospital come from a kind of care fee
2 all the patiens are paied by the insurence
3 insurence strictly to pay the money even below the cost.
Guess: hospital can not charge as much as money for the same case, compared
with before.
OA: B
作者: Donts 时间: 2012-7-17 10:46
2.计时25''
premsie:people with personality disorder have more brain wave than those without disorder.one's brain wave will increase while watching TV.conclusion:watching TV will increase one's risk of developing personality disorder.
推测：A-->B，C-->B不能推出C-->A
(A) uses the phrase “personality disorders” ambiguously
(B) fails to define the phrase “theta brain waves”
(C) takes a correlation to imply a causal connection最接近推测
(D) draws a conclusion from an unrepresentative sample of data
(E) infers that watching TV is a consequence of a personality disorder
选择C
作者: angelafeng 时间: 2012-7-23 00:01
【精练】
5. 18s
Background information：People with certain personality disorders have more theta brain waves than those without such disorders.
Premise： the amount of one’s theta brain waves increases while watching TV.
Conclusion： watching too much TV increases one’s risk of developing personality disorders.
prephrase: ( questionable reasoning) make a wrong relationship between watching TV and personality disorders.
answer：C
(A) uses the phrase “personality disorders” ambiguously-----------no
(B) fails to define the phrase “theta brain waves”------------no
(C) takes a correlation to imply a causal connection----------correct
(D) draws a conclusion from an unrepresentative sample of data----------no data
(E) infers that watching TV is a consequence of a personality disorder-------no
【逻辑链】
69. 21s
Excavation of the ancient city of Kourion on the island of Cyprus revealed a pattern of debris and collapsed buildings typical of towns devastated by earthquakes. Archaeologists have hypothesized that the destruction was due to a major earthquake known to have occurred near the island in A.D. 365.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the archaeologists' hypothesis?
Answer:B
(A) Bronze ceremonial drinking vessels that are often found in graves dating from years preceding and following A.D. 365 were also found in several graves near Kourion.
(B) No coins minted after A.D. 365 were found in Kourion, but coins minted before that year were found in abundance.
(C) Most modern histories of Cyprus mention that an earthquake occurred near the island in A.D. 365.
(D) Several small statues carved in styles current in Cyprus in the century between A.D. 300 and 400 were found in Kourion.
(E) Stone inscriptions in a form of the Greek alphabet that was definitely used in Cyprus after A.D. 365 were found in Kourion.
70. 33S
PREMISE :According to a review of 61 studies of patients suffering from severely debilitating depression, a large majority of the patients reported that missing a night's sleep immediately lifted their depression.
CONCLUSION: sleep-deprivation is not used to treat depression even though the conventional treatments, which use drugs and electric shocks, often have serious side effects.
PREPHRASE: (EXPLAIN sleep-deprivation is not used as a treatment for depression)
ANSWER: E
(A) For a small percentage of depressed patients, missing a night's sleep induces a temporary sense of euphoria.
(B) Keeping depressed patients awake is more difficult than keeping awake people who are not depressed.
(C) Prolonged loss of sleep can lead to temporary impairment of judgment comparable to that induced by consuming several ounces of alcohol.
(D) The dramatic shifts in mood connected with sleep and wakefulness have not been traced to particular changes in brain chemistry.
(E) Depression returns in full force as soon as the patient sleeps for even a few minutes.
71. 24S
background information :In many corporations, employees are being replaced by automated equipment in order to save money.
Conclusion: However, many workers who lose their jobs to automation will need government assistance to survive, and the same corporations that are laying people off will eventually pay for that assistance through increased taxes and unemployment insurance payments.
prephrase: (strengthen)
ANSWER: E-----------A
(A) Many workers who have already lost their jobs to automation have been unable to find new jobs.
(B) Many corporations that have failed to automate have seen their profits decline.
(C) Taxes and unemployment insurance are paid also by corporations that are not automating.
(D) Most of the new jobs created by automation pay less than the jobs eliminated by automation did.
(E) The initial investment in machinery for automation is often greater than the short-term savings in labor costs.
72. 32s
United States hospitals have traditionally relied primarily on revenues from paying patients to offset losses from unreimbursed care. Almost all paying patients now rely on governmental or private health insurance to pay hospital bills. Recently, insurers have been strictly limiting what they pay hospitals for the care of insured patients to amounts at or below actual costs.
prephrase: (conclude)
Answer:B
(A) Although the advance of technology has made expensive medical procedures available to the wealthy, such procedures are out of the reach of low-income patients.
(B) If hospitals do not find ways of raising additional income for unreimbursed care, they must either deny some of that care or suffer losses if they give it.
(C) Some patients have incomes too high for eligibility for governmental health insurance but are unable to afford private insurance for hospital care.
(D) If the hospitals reduce their costs in providing care, insurance companies will maintain the current level of reimbursement, thereby providing more funds for unreimbursed care.
(E) Even though philanthropic donations have traditionally provided some support for the hospitals, such donations are at present declining.
作者: TICKCOCK 时间: 2012-8-15 22:47
1． C
2． B
3． D
4． A
5． B
作者: wanggang0411 时间: 2012-8-26 11:50
22
Premise: Disorder must have T brain waves.
Premise: Watching TV cause T brain waves.
Conclusion Watching TV cause disorder.
Weakens: The arugment mistakenly conclude a causalty on the ground of two independent fact sets.
C: takes a correlation to imply a causal connection
33
Premise:The earthquakes in A.D. 365 cause the devastation of ancient Town.
Support: An answer choice which eliminate another possible cause of that devastation is a correct answer.
B: This find indicates that the civilazation was destroyed by some reason, but doesn't indicate tha the devastation is caused by earthquake, so why this answer is the right?
B
33
Premise: sleep-deprivation can lift depression.
Conclusion: Sleep-deprivation is not a treatment for depression.
Support: Any answer indicates the serious side effects caused by sleep-deprivation is worse than that caused by conventional treatements.
E: This answer indicates a weakness of sleep-deprivation.
E
42
Conclusion: company cann't save money through replacing the employees by automatic machine.
Premise: Company need to pay tax and unemployment insurance payments.
Strengthen: To prove this conclusion, a answer must cite the facts that the amount of tax and insurance payments are really higher than the amount of money saved by replacement.
E: this is the only answer which indicates the investment costs higher than savings in labor cost.
A: I missed the correct conclusion that the situation, people can not find new job, cause the government assitance, tax and other fees.
52
Premise: Hospital use the revenues from paying patient to offset the losses from unreimbursed care.
Premise: paying patient rely on governmental or insurers to pay hospital bills.
Premise: the payment from insurers are less than before.
Conclusion: Government needs to pay more. Hospital have less revenues than before to offset the losess.
B: must be true answer.
B
作者: 我心匪席 时间: 2012-9-10 23:13
Time: 22”
Background Information: People whose personality disorders have more theta brain waves than those without disorder
Premises: The amount of theta brain waves increases while watching TV.
Conclusion: Watching too much TV increase risk of developing personality disorders.
Prephase: PD→ W, not W→PD
A-----irrelevant
B-----irrelevant
C-----right weaken
D-----irrelevant
E-----support
===========================================
Time: 18”
Premises: Excavation revealed a pattern of the towns devastated by earthquakes.
Conclusion: Destruction was due to earthquake in A.D.365.
A-----irrelevant
B-----right support
C-----irrelevant
D-----irrelevant
E-----irrelevant
=============================================
Time: 20”
Premises: Workers lose jobs need government assistant, and some cooperation will pay for the assistance.
Conclusion: Employees will be replaced by automated equipment in order to save money.
Prephase: Increased taxes and unemployment insurance payments still lower than the
A-----irrelevant (right support)
B-----weaken
C-----irrelevant
D-----irrelevant
E-----right support
这题有个however,给论就是说采用自动化的工厂并不能省钱，求加强，
=============================================
Time: 24”
Background information: United States hospitals relied primarily on revenues from paying patients to offset losses from unreimbursed care. Almost all paying patients now rely on governmental or private health insurance to pay hospital bills.
Premises: Insurers have been strictly limiting what they pay hospitals for the care of insured patients to amounts at or below actual costs.
Conclusion: ?
A-----irrelevant
B-----right
C-----irrelevant
D-----irrelevant
E-----irrelevant
感谢楼主~
作者: srafcatt 时间: 2012-10-21 11:06
精炼
flaw 28s
personality disorders --more theta brain waves
watching TV cause more that waves--tv make personality disorder
my opinion:personality disorder--->brain waves,but brain waves---/--
>disorders
choice:E
A not ambiguously
B not the defination's fault
C irrelevant
D irrelevant
E correct
----------------------------------------------------------------------
逻辑链
1.support 27s
background:debris and collapse building reviewed in one excavation
hypothesis:this is caused by an earthquake in certain time.
my supports: the isotopes indicate that certain time.
choice:C
A not exactly
B the same as A
C correct
D the same as A
E the same as A
2.explaination 30s
depression can be eliminated by sleep debilitating
but in the treatment it is not used while drugs and electric shocks have
side effects.
my explanation:sleep debilitating cannot last long.
choice:E
A not useful
B irrelevant
C not so meaningful as the last choice
D useless
E correct
3.support 22s
employees replaced by equipments to save money
while employers have to pay for taxes and insurance
my opinion: the taxes and insurance is the same as the money saved
choice
A useless
B irrelevant
C weaken
D correct
E irrelevant
4.conclusion 39s
hospital rely on revenues from patients--and patients rely on gov and
insurance
while insurers decline this costs
my conclusion:if the gov not change the risk from finance comes.
choice:B
A irrelevant
B correct
C irrelevant
D not mentioned,not convincing
E not mentioned
作者: srafcatt 时间: 2012-10-21 11:42
纠错：
精炼 take a correlation to imply a casual connection
相关联一下来暗示一个不连贯的联系。即：硬是将没有关联的东西联系在一起。
E选项是看电视是personality disorder的结果。
总之是对句子的结构不熟练导致看错。
逻辑链
第一题：(C) Most modern histories of Cyprus mention that an earthquake occurred near the island in A.D. 365. 错在这个地震不一定就是题干中提到的那个。完全可以同时发生两次地震，或者，AD365虽然发生了地震但是题干中造成建筑破坏的地震完全发生在另一个时间。
(B) No coins minted after A.D. 365 were found in Kourion, but coins minted before that year were found in
abundance.
B说一些东西（这些东西可以使coins也可以是别的，我可以随便编），在365年之后就没有了但是在365之前大量出现，那就证明365这个年份发生的事情产生了影响
作者: srafcatt 时间: 2012-10-21 11:51
至于逻辑链第三题，有点不该错，
A项说这帮丢工作的人找不到工作，所以企业肯定面临赋税增加和失业保险增加的现实。
D项谈的是自动化后能提供的职位变少。肯定是这样，原文已经提过了，若不是，也不会有题干中的问题。
作者: zxppx 时间: 2013-1-16 13:02
5. Researcher: People with certain personality disorders have more theta brain waves than those without such disorders. But my data show that the amount of one’s theta brain waves increases while watching TV. So watching too much TV increases one’s risk of developing personality disorders.
A questionable aspect of the reasoning above is that it
(A) uses the phrase “personality disorders” ambiguously
In fact, the researcher has pointed out that the “personality disorders” have more theta brain waves than those without such disorders.
(B) fails to define the phrase “theta brain waves”
It is irrelevant.
(C) takes a correlation to imply a causal connection
Yes, there is a correlation among watching TV, the amount of one’s theta brain waves, and personality disorders, but no evidence implies that the first causes the last.
(D) draws a conclusion from an unrepresentative sample of data
We do not know whether the data is unrepresentative.
(E) infers that watching TV is a consequence of a personality disorder
No, it is opposite to the argument.
69.
Excavation of the ancient city of Kourion on the island of Cyprus revealed a pattern of debris and collapsed buildings typical of towns devastated by earthquakes. Archaeologists have hypothesized that the destruction was due to a major earthquake known to have occurred near the island in A.D. 365.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the archaeologists' hypothesis?
(A) Bronze ceremonial drinking vessels that are often found in graves dating from years preceding and following A.D. 365 were also found in several graves near Kourion.
Bronze ceremonial drinking vessels dating from years preceding and following A.D.365 weakens the hypothesis.
(B) No coins minted after A.D. 365 were found in Kourion, but coins minted before that year were found in abundance.
Yes, in this case, the age of the coins reveals that a disaster probably happened in A.D.365, ruining the normal transaction in Kourion. BA
(C) Most modern histories of Cyprus mention that an earthquake occurred near the island in A.D. 365.
Even though there was an earthquake occurred near the island in A.D.365, the earthquake would not be the real cause for the devastation.
(D) Several small statues carved in styles current in Cyprus in the century between A.D. 300 and 400 were found in Kourion.
This is similar to A.
(E) Stone inscriptions in a form of the Greek alphabet that was definitely used in Cyprus after A.D. 365 were found in Kourion.
Stone inscriptions after A.D.365 are outside the scope of the argument.
70.
According to a review of 61 studies of patients suffering from severely debilitating depression, a large majority of the patients reported that missing a night's sleep immediately lifted their depression. Yet sleep-deprivation is not used to treat depression even though the conventional treatments, which use drugs and electric shocks, often have serious side effects.
Which of the following, if true, best explains the fact that sleep-deprivation is not used as a treatment for depression?
(A) For a small percentage of depressed patients, missing a night's sleep induces a temporary sense of euphoria.
Only a small percentage of depressed patients get benefit from miss a night’s sleep.
(B) Keeping depressed patients awake is more difficult than keeping awake people who are not depressed.
Keeping depressed patients awake is irrelevant.
(C) Prolonged loss of sleep can lead to temporary impairment of judgment comparable to that induced by consuming several ounces of alcohol.
Even though this answer points out a disadvantage of prolonged loss of sleep, a suitable loss of sleep may not have this disadvantage.
Is the disadvantage of prolonged loss of sleep related to the treatment for depression?
Besides, this answer choice assumes that the temporary impairment of judgment is worse than depression. But no evidence has been provided.
(D) The dramatic shifts in mood connected with sleep and wakefulness have not been traced to particular changes in brain chemistry.
The answer seems to weaken the argument, but even though the dramatic shifts in mood have not been traced, there is no evidence provided to reveal that sleep-deprivation has no advantage.
(E) Depression returns in full force as soon as the patient sleeps for even a few minutes.
Yes, in this case, it points out a disadvantage of sleep-deprivation. Since people need to sleep, while causing the full return of depression, the sleep-deprivation is useless. BA
1. Depression returns in full force as soon as the patient sleeps for even a few minutes.
2. A large majority of the patients reported that missing a night's sleep immediately lifted their depression
These statements are perfectly consistent with each other: a sleepless night keeps depression at bay, but, as soon as the person does sleep again -- whenever that might be -- the depression comes back.
71.
In many corporations, employees are being replaced by automated equipment in order to save money. However, many workers who lose their jobs to automation will need government assistance to survive, and the same corporations that are laying people off will eventually pay for that assistance through increased taxes and unemployment insurance payments.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the author's argument?
(A) Many workers who have already lost their jobs to automation have been unable to find new jobs.
Yes, in this case, unemployment rate would not decrease, thus burdening the government and the same corporations that are laying people off. BA
(B) Many corporations that have failed to automate have seen their profits decline.
The decline in profits caused by failure in automation is outside the scope of the argument.
(C) Taxes and unemployment insurance are paid also by corporations that are not automating.
This is irrelevant.
(D) Most of the new jobs created by automation pay less than the jobs eliminated by automation did.
This seems irrelevant. In fact, this will help corporations to save money, thus weakening the argument.
(E) The initial investment in machinery for automation is often greater than the short-term savings in labor costs.
But if the short-term savings in labor costs are greater than the initial investment in machinery for automation, this could weaken the argument.
72.
United States hospitals have traditionally relied primarily on revenues from paying patients to offset losses from unreimbursed care. Almost all paying patients now rely on governmental or private health insurance to pay hospital bills. Recently, insurers have been strictly limiting what they pay hospitals for the care of insured patients to amounts at or below actual costs.
Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the information above?
(A) Although the advance of technology has made expensive medical procedures available to the wealthy, such procedures are out of the reach of low-income patients.
The advance of technology is outside the scope of the argument.
(B) If hospitals do not find ways of raising additional income for unreimbursed care, they must either deny some of that care or suffer losses if they give it.
Yes, in this case, the answer choice accurately points out the probable result that hospitals would face in the future. Since their revenues from paying patients decrease, the ability of them to offset losses from unreimbursed care will be harmed. BA
(C) Some patients have incomes too high for eligibility for governmental health insurance but are unable to afford private insurance for hospital care.
The comparison between governmental health insurance and private insurance for hospital care is irrelevant.
(D) If the hospitals reduce their costs in providing care, insurance companies will maintain the current level of reimbursement, thereby providing more funds for unreimbursed care.
No evidence provided by the argument suggests this result.
(E) Even though philanthropic donations have traditionally provided some support for the hospitals, such donations are at present declining.
It may be true, but irrelevant.
作者: pennyz 时间: 2013-2-21 16:35
1:07s
c
premise: pd---->more likely to bwave
watching tv --->b wave
conclusion: watching tv --->more likely to pd
rephrase:maybe pd and bw occur simultanously, but there is no such correlations
作者: pennyz 时间: 2013-2-21 16:54
1:09s strengthen
premise: evacuation of deribs constructed by earthquake found
conclusion:the earthquake happen near the island 360A.D. account for it
rephrase: there indeed was earthquake there at that time
c
1:38s explain
premise:sleep-deprivation has some effect on major patients
conclusion:although the consevative treatment can be dangerous ,doctors still will not adapt s-d treatment
rephrase:s-d can really harm the patients even the temporary well-being
1:45s
strengthen
b(not very sure)
premise: auto factory lay off workers
workers live by pensions from government
conclusion:auto factory will pay for tax instead of salary for workers
rephrase: government level more tax on the auto factory
57s
b
background: pay patient compensate for hospital
pay patient rely on insurance
premise:insurance will decline
rephrase:the hospital will lose money
作者: Feelalive 时间: 2013-7-14 16:18
Feelalive到此一游
作者: Elisha728 时间: 2013-9-3 06:54
7'04''
CBEAB
作者: Elisha728 时间: 2013-9-3 06:56
All correct!! haha
作者: lyrsilvia 时间: 2013-9-20 17:48
C BEAB
1. 24'
BG: personality disorders-->more theta brain waves
P: the amount of one's theta brain waves increases while watching TV
C: too much TV increases one's risk of developing personality disorders.
QUESTIONABLE ASPECT OF REASONING: A->B ≠B-->A
答案：C
(A) uses the phrase “personality disorders” ambiguously---------not the core reasoning flaw
(B) fails to define the phrase “theta brain waves”-----------what the phrase means is not important
(C) takes a correlation to imply a causal connection----------CORRECT. disorders have more brain waves≠more brain waves cause disorders
(D) draws a conclusion from an unrepresentative sample of data--------not about the sample
(E) infers that watching TV is a consequence of a personality disorder--------not the consequence but the cause
2. 30'
P: a pattern of debris and collapsed buildings, typical of towns devastated by earthquakes,were revealed
C: the destruction was due to a major earthquake known to have occurred near the island in A.D. 365.
SUPPORT: debris does prove the A.D.365 earthquake
答案：B
(A) Bronze ceremonial drinking vessels that are often found in graves dating from years preceding and following A.D. 365 were also found in several graves near Kourion.---------something after 365 was found means this building was not devastated only in 365, maybe another earthquake
(B) No coins minted after A.D. 365 were found in Kourion, but coins minted before that year were found in abundance.----------CORRECT. clearly means the earthquake devastated in 365
(C) Most modern histories of Cyprus mention that an earthquake occurred near the island in A.D. 365.-----------perhaps there were several earthquake, the prove of 365 earthquake does not guarantee the debris and collapsed building devastated in 365
(D) Several small statues carved in styles current in Cyprus in the century between A.D. 300 and 400 were found in Kourion.--------------between 300 and 400 may suggest the earthquake is in between. cannot conclude to the specific 365
(E) Stone inscriptions in a form of the Greek alphabet that was definitely used in Cyprus after A.D. 365 were found in Kourion.--------------evidence of stone inscriptions after 365 cannot support that the earthquake is in 365
3. 25'
P: missing a night's sleep immediately lifted their depression
C: sleep-deprivation is not used to treat depression
EXPLAIN: sleep-deprivation has bad effect or not useful at all.
答案：E
(A) For a small percentage of depressed patients, missing a night's sleep induces a temporary sense of euphoria.-------------slightly support the sleep-deprivation method.
(B) Keeping depressed patients awake is more difficult than keeping awake people who are not depressed.-------------the comparison between depressed patients awake and awake people who are not depressed is meaningless.
(C) Prolonged loss of sleep can lead to temporary impairment of judgment comparable to that induced by consuming several ounces of alcohol.-----------what prolonged loss of sleep leads to does not matter. this statement does not say anything about the effectiveness about depression.
(D) The dramatic shifts in mood connected with sleep and wakefulness have not been traced to particular changes in brain chemistry.-----------this statement does not say anything about the effectiveness about depression.
(E) Depression returns in full force as soon as the patient sleeps for even a few minutes.-----------CORRECT. clearly means that sleep-deprivation is useless.
4. 21'
P: many workers who lose their jobs to automation will need government assistance to survive
C: the same corporations that are laying people off will eventually pay for that assistance through increased taxes and unemployment insurance payments.
STRENGTHEN: companies will have to assist all those workers
答案：A
(A) Many workers who have already lost their jobs to automation have been unable to find new jobs.---------CORRECT. clearly means corporations have to pay for those assistance
(B) Many corporations that have failed to automate have seen their profits decline.------------what the profits are does not matter in this question.
(C) Taxes and unemployment insurance are paid also by corporations that are not automating.---------corporations that are not automating are out of our scope
(D) Most of the new jobs created by automation pay less than the jobs eliminated by automation did.---------no need to care about the new jobs and the other pay of the corporations
(E) The initial investment in machinery for automation is often greater than the short-term savings in labor costs.---------------what is the proportion for investment is not discussed.
5. 28'
P: hospitals-->patients-->insurance.
insurers have been strictly limiting what they pay hospitals for the care of insured patients to amounts at or below actual costs
CONCLUSION: hospitals are making less money because of the limited pay from insurers
答案：B
(A) Although the advance of technology has made expensive medical procedures available to the wealthy, such procedures are out of the reach of low-income patients.----------------what's the advance of technology provide is not related to the hospitals' profits
(B) If hospitals do not find ways of raising additional income for unreimbursed care, they must either deny some of that care or suffer losses if they give it.-------------CORRECT. limited paying=suffer losses
(C) Some patients have incomes too high for eligibility for governmental health insurance but are unable to afford private insurance for hospital care.---------------the situation about some patients is irrelevant
(D) If the hospitals reduce their costs in providing care, insurance companies will maintain the current level of reimbursement, thereby providing more funds for unreimbursed care.--------------there is no evidence to sustain this claim.
(E) Even though philanthropic donations have traditionally provided some support for the hospitals, such donations are at present declining. -------------there is no information about philanthropic donations.
作者: 览物之情 时间: 2013-10-19 01:39
10月18日
1 21S 相关因果
premise1 People with certain personality disorders have more theta brain waves than those without such disorders.
Premise2: But my data show that the amount of one’s theta brain waves increases while watching TV.
Conclusion: So watching too much TV increases one’s risk of developing personality disorders.
A questionable aspect of the reasoning above is that it 因果方向问题。T make disorders or disorder makes T increase.
A) uses the phrase “personality disorders” ambiguously
(B) fails to define the phrase “theta brain waves”
(C) takes a correlation to imply a causal connection___correct
(D) draws a conclusion from an unrepresentative sample of data
(E) infers that watching TV is a consequence of a personality disorder
2 24s
Premise:Excavation of the ancient city of Kourion on the island of Cyprus revealed a pattern of debris and collapsed buildings typical of towns devastated by earthquakes.
Conclusion: Archaeologists have hypothesized that the destruction was due to a major earthquake known to have occurred near the island in A.D. 365.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the archaeologists' hypothesis?
因果推理的gap.怎么知道是365那个earth quakes.
(A) Bronze ceremonial drinking vessels that are often found in graves dating from years preceding and following A.D. 365 were also found in several graves near Kourion.
(B) No coins minted after A.D. 365 were found in Kourion, but coins minted before that year were found in abundance.__-correct说明之前存在，之后不存在了。
(C) Most modern histories of Cyprus mention that an earthquake occurred near the island in A.D. 365.
(D) Several small statues carved in styles current in Cyprus in the century between A.D. 300 and 400 were found in Kourion.
(E) Stone inscriptions in a form of the Greek alphabet that was definitely used in Cyprus after A.D. 365 were found in Kourion.
3 43s
Premise: a large majority of the patients reported that missing a night's sleep immediately lifted their depression.
Conclusion: sleep-deprivation is not used to treat depression
Additional premies: even though the conventional treatments, which use drugs and electric shocks, often have serious side effects.
Which of the following, if true, best explains the fact that sleep-deprivation is not used as a treatment for depression?
可行性，副作用
A) For a small percentage of depressed patients, missing a night's sleep induces a temporary sense of euphoria.
(B) Keeping depressed patients awake is more difficult than keeping awake people who are not depressed.
(C) Prolonged loss of sleep can lead to temporary impairment of judgment comparable to that induced by consuming several ounces of alcohol.
(D) The dramatic shifts in mood connected with sleep and wakefulness have not been traced to particular changes in brain chemistry.
(E) Depression returns in full force as soon as the patient sleeps for even a few minutes.————correct.没效果
4 21s
Background: In many corporations, employees are being replaced by automated equipment in order to save money.
Premise: workers who lose their jobs to automation will need government assistance to survive
Conclusion: the same corporations that are laying people off will eventually pay for that assistance through increased taxes and unemployment insurance payments.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the author's argument?
因果联系:government will increase tax?
A) Many workers who have already lost their jobs to automation have been unable to find new jobs.
(B) Many corporations that have failed to automate have seen their profits decline.
(C) Taxes and unemployment insurance are paid also by corporations that are not automating.____correct.觉得有点怪
(D) Most of the new jobs created by automation pay less than the jobs eliminated by automation did.
(E) The initial investment in machinery for automation is often greater than the short-term savings in labor costs.
5 29s
Background:United States hospitals have traditionally relied primarily on revenues from paying patients to offset losses from unreimbursed care.
Premise1:Almost all paying patients now rely on governmental or private health insurance to pay hospital bills.
Premise2Recently, insurers have been strictly limiting what they pay hospitals for the care of insured patients to amounts at or below actual costs.
Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the information above?
Must be true. The hospital can not cover the bill or the patient need to pa for the extra
A) Although the advance of technology has made expensive medical procedures available to the wealthy, such procedures are out of the reach of low-income patients.
(B) If hospitals do not find ways of raising additional income for unreimbursed care, they must either deny some of that care or suffer losses if they give it.___correct
(C) Some patients have incomes too high for eligibility for governmental health insurance but are unable to afford private insurance for hospital care.
(D) If the hospitals reduce their costs in providing care, insurance companies will maintain the current level of reimbursement, thereby providing more funds for unreimbursed care.
(E) Even though philanthropic donations have traditionally provided some support for the hospitals, such donations are at present declining.
作者: w.melhere 时间: 2013-10-31 18:46
今天的题感觉不太难呢~ 还是记录总的做题时间吧~
1. 1.17' 错了...因为这类题接触太少，C选项看了一遍没理解在说啥... - - 错选的D...题中没有给出任何data，也不能判断是否具有代表性。
2. 1'24
3. 2.25' 以前做过的，但还是看了很久题
4. 1.20‘
5. 1.35’ 虽然对了，但题中有生词有的句子没太理解。但其实逻辑很简单。医院从病人交的费用中得到补未付款的钱。现在大多数病人都靠insurance付款。而保险公司新规定支付小于等于病人款额的钱给医院，那么....B选项，医院要不就找到其他方式支付免费服务，要不就取消免费服务中的一些内容~
作者: cyndichiang 时间: 2014-4-17 21:56
精练题：
premise: People with certain personality disorders have more theta brain waves than those without such disorders
premise: the amount of one’s theta brain waves increases while watching TV
conclusion:watching too much TV increases one’s risk of developing personality disorders
Q:Weaken(A questionable aspect of the reasoning)
prephrase: the passage just shows the connection between the brain wave and disorders but not the causal relationship
(A) uses the phrase “personality disorders” ambiguously---the term "personality disorders " has no other seriously obscure meaning
(B) fails to define the phrase “theta brain waves”----the same as A
(C) takes a correlation to imply a causal connection-----correct
(D) draws a conclusion from an unrepresentative sample of data----there is no information about data so we don;t know whether the data is representative
(E) infers that watching TV is a consequence of a personality disorder---shell game;passage ndicates that personality disorder is a outcome of the watching TV
逻辑链：
2.premise:Excavation of the ancient city of K on the island of C revealed a pattern of debris and collapsed buildings typical of towns devastated by earthquakes.
conclusion: the destruction was due to a major earthquake occurred near the island in A.D. 365.
Q:support
prephrase: some evidence was discovered to show the date aound AD365
3.30''
premise:missing a night's sleep immediately lifted their depression
conclusion: sleep-deprivation is not used to treat depression
Q:support
prephrase: sleep-deprivation can lead to more serious depression after sleep
4. 27''
premise:many workers who lose their jobs to automation will need government assistance to survive conclusion: same corporations that are laying people off will eventually pay for that assistance through increased taxes and unemployment insurance payments.
Q:support
prephrase: tax and uenmployment cannot be avoid by these companies
those workers will not find jobs again
4. 1'+
没看懂。。。
hospital relies on the paying patients to get revenue
now patients rely on the insurance to pay for hospital
insurers limit the amount of pay to patients and the amount is less than the cost
Q:must be ture
prephrase: 题没看懂。。
作者: simonleo 时间: 2014-5-11 10:04
1. 31s
P:people with certain personality disorders have more theta brain waves than those without such disoders.
one's theta brain waves increases while watching TV
C:watching too much TV increases risk of developong personality disorders.
Pre:C-->E WT-->PD 削弱，也许是disoders导致的watch too much TV.
(A) uses the phrase “personality disorders” ambiguously
(B) fails to define the phrase “theta brain waves”
(C) takes a correlation to imply a causal connection正解
(D) draws a conclusion from an unrepresentative sample of data 错误 不能说sample是unrepresentative的
(E) infers that watching TV is a consequence of a personality disorder
题型分析错误，是flaw in reasoning
2. 33s B
3. 48s E 看的不是很懂
4. 31s A 也不太懂是要加强什么。。。只是觉得其他选项更无关
5. 54s B
作者: cechymery 时间: 2014-8-1 16:42
E选错了，应该选C。我没有分清楚题目啊，题目内容说的是watching TV caused the personality disorder
作者: spencerchan 时间: 2015-8-25 09:39
1’10’’
B: Brain disorders have more brain waves
P: Watch TV=> more brain waves
C: Watch TV => Brain disorders
Prep: Watch TV=> brain disorders, not necessary lead brain disorders
A: Wrong
B: Wrong
C: CORRECT
D: Wrong
E: watching tv is not consequence
40’’
B: Found debris
P: Earthquake
C: Earthquake=A.D. 365 earthquake
Prep: Only occurred one earthquake
A: Weaken
B: CORRECT
C: Not weaken or strengthen
D: Weaken
E: Weaken
52’’
P: Missing sleep lifted depression
C: Doctors did use this method
Prep: Missing sleep would lead more serious consequence, OR the treatment affect is temporary.
A: Irrelevant=> euphoria
B: Irrelevant
C: ????
D: Irrelevant
E: CORRECT??
25’’
P: Fire employees
C: Pay more tax and unemployment insurance
Prep: Strengthen: Support the C
A: CORRECT
B: Irrelevant
C: Irrelevant
D: Irrelevant
E: Weaken
P: Most of the patients rely on government or insurance companies to pay medical fees
C: Payment less than the hospital cost
Prep: Hospital will loss money
B: CORRECT
全对～ 明天考试，希望状态好好～
作者: MIA926 时间: 2015-9-28 19:16
20150928 CR小分队
【精练】
5. Researcher: People with certain personality disorders have more theta brain waves than those without such disorders. But my data show that the amount of one’s theta brain waves increases while watching TV. So watching too much TV increases one’s risk of developing personality disorders.
计时：17.27
逻辑链：BG：有PD的人的TBW比没有PD的人多；P：看电视的时候TBW增加；C:看电视多会使得PD可能增加
A questionable aspect of the reasoning above is that it
(A) uses the phrase “personality disorders” ambiguously
(B) fails to define the phrase “theta brain waves”
(C) takes a correlation to imply a causal connection 正确
(D) draws a conclusion from an unrepresentative sample of data 结论和data关系不大
(E) infers that watching TV is a consequence of a personality disorder 反
【逻辑链】
69.
Excavation of the ancient city of Kourion on the island of Cyprus revealed a pattern of debris and collapsed buildings typical of towns devastated by earthquakes. Archaeologists have hypothesized that the destruction was due to a major earthquake known to have occurred near the island in A.D. 365.
逻辑链：在C发现了一堆被地址毁坏的城镇的废墟。考古学家推测这些废墟是由365AD的地震造成的
推测:主要要补充废墟和那场地震直接的关系
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the archaeologists' hypothesis?
(A) Bronze ceremonial drinking vessels that are often found in graves dating from years preceding and following A.D. 365 were also found in several graves near Kourion. weaken
(B) No coins minted after A.D. 365 were found in Kourion, but coins minted before that year were found in abundance. 正确
(C) Most modern histories of Cyprus mention that an earthquake occurred near the island in A.D. 365. 无关 mention但是不一定是他造成的毁坏
(D) Several small statues carved in styles current in Cyprus in the century between A.D. 300 and 400 were found in Kourion. 时间段不对
(E) Stone inscriptions in a form of the Greek alphabet that was definitely used in Cyprus after A.D. 365 were found in Kourion. Weaken
70.
According to a review of 61 studies of patients suffering from severely debilitating depression, a large majority of the patients reported that missing a night's sleep immediately lifted their depression. Yet sleep-deprivation is not used to treat depression even though the conventional treatments, which use drugs and electric shocks, often have serious side effects.
逻辑链：study show that 不睡觉可以减轻depression，但是很少有人用不睡觉来治疗depression，即使其他治疗方式有很严重的负作用
推测：不睡觉负作用可能更大啊
Which of the following, if true, best explains the fact that sleep-deprivation is not used as a treatment for depression?
(A) For a small percentage of depressed patients, missing a night's sleep induces a temporary sense of euphoria. weaken
(B) Keeping depressed patients awake is more difficult than keeping awake people who are not depressed. 无关
(C) Prolonged loss of sleep can lead to temporary impairment of judgment comparable to that induced by consuming several ounces of alcohol. 这是说有负作用但是其他方法也有，所以解释力度不够
(D) The dramatic shifts in mood connected with sleep and wakefulness have not been traced to particular changes in brain chemistry. 无关
(E) Depression returns in full force as soon as the patient sleeps for even a few minutes. 正确
71.
In many corporations, employees are being replaced by automated equipment in order to save money. However, many workers who lose their jobs to automation will need government assistance to survive, and the same corporations that are laying people off will eventually pay for that assistance through increased taxes and unemployment insurance payments.
逻辑链：很多公司解雇员工用自动器具来save money，但是没工作的人需要政府补贴，这些公司之后会因此支付更多的税和保险
推测：可以补一下政府补贴和公司赋税增加间的gap
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the author's argument?
(A) Many workers who have already lost their jobs to automation have been unable to find new jobs. 正确
(B) Many corporations that have failed to automate have seen their profits decline. 无关
(C) Taxes and unemployment insurance are paid also by corporations that are not automating. 无关
(D) Most of the new jobs created by automation pay less than the jobs eliminated by automation did. 无关
(E) The initial investment in machinery for automation is often greater than the short-term savings in labor costs. 无关
72.
United States hospitals have traditionally relied primarily on revenues from paying patients to offset losses from unreimbursed care. Almost all paying patients now rely on governmental or private health insurance to pay hospital bills. Recently, insurers have been strictly limiting what they pay hospitals for the care of insured patients to amounts at or below actual costs.
Fact:
1. 医院offset losses的方式
2. 现在paying patients 也不自己付钱了
3. 保险公司现在严格限制他们支付给医院的钱
Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the information above?
(A) Although the advance of technology has made expensive medical procedures available to the wealthy, such procedures are out of the reach of low-income patients. 新消息
(B) If hospitals do not find ways of raising additional income for unreimbursed care, they must either deny some of that care or suffer losses if they give it. 正确
(C) Some patients have incomes too high for eligibility for governmental health insurance but are unable to afford private insurance for hospital care. 新消息
(D) If the hospitals reduce their costs in providing care, insurance companies will maintain the current level of reimbursement, thereby providing more funds for unreimbursed care.
(E) Even though philanthropic donations have traditionally provided some support for the hospitals, such donations are at present declining. 新消息
作者: fesche 时间: 2016-5-19 03:03
people disorder more T waves
date, watching tv more T waves
C: watching tv higher chance of disorder
不足
没有考虑其他原因
C
(A) uses the phrase “personality disorders” ambiguously
(B) fails to define the phrase “theta brain waves”
(C) takes a correlation to imply a causal connection
(D) draws a conclusion from an unrepresentative sample of data
(E) infers that watching TV is a consequence of a personality disorder
debris and buildings of an ancient town
an earthquake destroyed the buildings
AD365， city K
support
因：建筑残留
果：地震破坏
建筑残留，地震造成建筑残留
之后没有地震，报道的确有地震，地震后没有其他建筑
在K城找到建筑残害
假设：这些建筑的残骸是365发生的
C-B
(A) Bronze ceremonial drinking vessels that are often found in graves dating from years preceding and following A.D. 365 were also found in several graves near Kourion. 无关
(B) No coins minted after A.D. 365 were found in Kourion, but coins minted before that year were found in abundance. 无关
(C) Most modern histories of Cyprus mention that an earthquake occurred near the island in A.D. 365.
(D) Several small statues carved in styles current in Cyprus in the century between A.D. 300 and 400 were found in Kourion. 无关
(E) Stone inscriptions in a form of the Greek alphabet that was definitely used in Cyprus after A.D. 365 were found in Kourion. 无关
ppl suffer from depression
some said missing a night sleep lifted
sleep deprivation is not a treatment
drugs and electric are common, more side effect
解释为什么不用sleep
题中有个some，不能代表全部
E
A) For a small percentage of depressed patients, missing a night's sleep induces a temporary sense of euphoria.
(B) Keeping depressed patients awake is more difficult than keeping awake people who are not depressed.
(C) Prolonged loss of sleep can lead to temporary impairment of judgment comparable to that induced by consuming several ounces of alcohol.
(D) The dramatic shifts in mood connected with sleep and wakefulness have not been traced to particular changes in brain chemistry.
(E) Depression returns in full force as soon as the patient sleeps for even a few minutes.
ppl lose job bc automation, depend on government
cooperation use automation is pay the tax
strengthen argument
讲明是企业给tax什么的，企业赚钱更多啦
D—A
(A) Many workers who have already lost their jobs to automation have been unable to find new jobs.
(B) Many corporations that have failed to automate have seen their profits decline.
(C) Taxes and unemployment insurance are paid also by corporations that are not automating.
(D) Most of the new jobs created by automation pay less than the jobs eliminated by automation did.
(E) The initial investment in machinery for automation is often greater than the short-term savings in labor costs.
Hospital rely on paying patient to unreimbursed
now patient pay below or actual cost
support
依赖给钱的病人来抵消赖账
现在病人给回的钱是刚好治疗的费用
也就是说刚好治疗的费用够拿来抵消赖账
D-B
A) Although the advance of technology has made expensive medical procedures available to the wealthy, such procedures are out of the reach of low-income patients.
(B) If hospitals do not find ways of raising additional income for unreimbursed care, they must either deny some of that care or suffer losses if they give it.
(C) Some patients have incomes too high for eligibility for governmental health insurance but are unable to afford private insurance for hospital care.
(D) If the hospitals reduce their costs in providing care, insurance companies will maintain the current level of reimbursement, thereby providing more funds for unreimbursed care.
(E) Even though philanthropic donations have traditionally provided some support for the hospitals, such donations are at present declining.
作者: May97 时间: 2018-3-5 06:49
T： 23s
P：People with certain personality disorders have more theta brain waves than those without such disorders.
P: the amount of one’s theta brain waves increases while watching TV.
C: So watching too much TV increases one’s risk of developing personality disorders.
(A) uses the phrase “personality disorders” ambiguously
(B) fails to define the phrase “theta brain waves”
(C) takes a correlation to imply a causal connection--->R
(D) draws a conclusion from an unrepresentative sample of data
(E) infers that watching TV is a consequence of a personality disorder---RSHELL GAME
T: 28S
P: Excavation revealed a pattern of debris and collapsed buildings typical of towns devastated by earthquakes.
C: destruction was due to a major earthquake known to have occurred near the island in A.D. 365.
SUPPORT: A.D.365之后，town不为人知
(A) Bronze ceremonial drinking vessels that are often found in graves dating from years preceding and following A.D. 365 were also found in several graves near Kourion.--->irreverent
(B) No coins minted after A.D. 365 were found in Kourion, but coins minted before that year were found in abundance.--->R
(C) Most modern histories of Cyprus mention that an earthquake occurred near the island in A.D. 365.--->irreverent
(D) Several small statues carved in styles current in Cyprus in the century between A.D. 300 and 400 were found in Kourion.--->irreverent
(E) Stone inscriptions in a form of the Greek alphabet that was definitely used in Cyprus after A.D. 365 were found in Kourion.--->W
T: 37S
P: a large majority of the patients reported that missing a night's sleep immediately lifted their depression.
P: the conventional treatments, which use drugs and electric shocks, often have serious side effects.
C: sleep-deprivation is not used as a treatment for depression
EP: 副作用更大
(A) For a small percentage of depressed patients, missing a night's sleep induces a temporary sense of euphoria.--->IRREVERENT
(B) Keeping depressed patients awake is more difficult than keeping awake people who are not depressed.--->IRREVERENT
(C) Prolonged loss of sleep can lead to temporary impairment of judgment comparable to that induced by consuming several ounces of alcohol.--->R
(D) The dramatic shifts in mood connected with sleep and wakefulness have not been traced to particular changes in brain chemistry.--->IRREVERENT
(E) Depression returns in full force as soon as the patient sleeps for even a few minutes.--->IRREVERENT--->R
T: 26S
P: employees are being replaced by automated equipment in order to save money.
P: THEY will need government assistance to survive
C: the same corporations will eventually pay for that assistance through increased taxes and unemployment insurance payments.
SUPPORT:
(A) Many workers who have already lost their jobs to automation have been unable to find new jobs.--->R
(B) Many corporations that have failed to automate have seen their profits decline.--->irreverent
(C) Taxes and unemployment insurance are paid also by corporations that are not automating.--->irreverent
(D) Most of the new jobs created by automation pay less than the jobs eliminated by automation did.--->irreverent
(E) The initial investment in machinery for automation is often greater than the short-term savings in labor costs.--->irreverent
T: 46s
United States hospitals have traditionally relied primarily on revenues from paying patients to offset losses from unreimbursed care. Almost all paying patients now rely on governmental or private health insurance to pay hospital bills. Recently, insurers have been strictly limiting what they pay hospitals for the care of insured patients to amounts at or below actual costs.
CONCLUSION:
(A) Although the advance of technology has made expensive medical procedures available to the wealthy, such procedures are out of the reach of low-income patients.
(B) If hospitals do not find ways of raising additional income for unreimbursed care, they must either deny some of that care or suffer losses if they give it.--->R
(C) Some patients have incomes too high for eligibility for governmental health insurance but are unable to afford private insurance for hospital care.
(D) If the hospitals reduce their costs in providing care, insurance companies will maintain the current level of reimbursement, thereby providing more funds for unreimbursed care.
(E) Even though philanthropic donations have traditionally provided some support for the hospitals, such donations are at present declining.
作者: 云栈 时间: 2019-11-8 07:07
1. 23s
P: 研究人员：患有某些人格障碍的人比没有精神障碍的人有更多的脑电波。
P：但是我的数据显示，在看电视时，一个人的theta脑电波数量增加了。
C: 因此，看太多电视会增加人格障碍的风险。
推测：A是B的一个现象，A也是C的一个现象，不代表C就会导致B发生。B→A不代表A→B
选项分析：C
A: 对disorder的定义不重要
B：对waves的定义也不重要
C: 原题把部分相关条件变成了因果关系
D: 和data sample无关
E: 题上并没有infer这个点
2. 27s
P： 在岛上的古城的发掘显示出碎片和倒塌的房屋结构，这些房屋是地震造成的典型城镇。
C: 考古学家假设该破坏是由于公元365年该岛附近发生的一场大地震造成的。
推测：这个城市上面的东西都是A.D.365之前的，而且没有东西是这个时间之后的
选项分析：B
3. 43s
P：根据一项对患有严重衰弱性抑郁症的患者的61项研究的回顾，大多数患者报告说，缺少一夜的睡眠会立即解除他们的抑郁症。
C: 即使使用药物和电击的传统疗法通常会产生严重的副作用，但剥夺睡眠不足不能用于治疗抑郁症。
推测：剥夺睡眠会带来别的副作用；睡眠会带来好的效果
选项分析：E
【这题竟然做错了= = 光想着找跟剥夺睡眠副作用有关的选项了，完全没考虑E】
4. 40s
P: 在许多公司中，为了省钱，员工被自动化设备取代。
P：但是，许多因自动化而失业的工人将需要政府援助才能生存
C: 而裁员的同一家公司最终将通过增加税收和失业保险金来支付这种援助。
推测：在公司工作的员工都会买失业保险，失业的人很难找到工作；如果公司save money，利润提高，政府收的税就变高
选项分析：A
5. 48s
P: 传统上，美国医院主要依靠支付病人的收入来抵消无偿医疗的损失。
P: 现在，几乎所有付费患者都依靠政府或私人健康保险来支付医院账单。
P：最近，保险公司一直严格限制他们向医院支付的被保险人的医疗费用，不得超过实际费用。
推测：政府支付的比例会变高
选项分析：B
作者: Lincy123 时间: 2020-5-20 00:39
P：数据显示看电视时脑电波会增加
C：看太多电视会增加患病风险
错误的推导：相关关系变成因果关系，脑电波多的人不一定有病
A） 用词不当。无关
B） 错误定义脑电波的现象。无关
C） 把相关性认做因果。Correct
D）用不具代表性的数据推导结论。
E） 暗示了看电视是患病的后果
C：专家猜测城市的毁灭是由于在AD365发生的靠近小岛的地震
问P？
A） 在K的墓里发现了常常在AD365左右的墓会有的铜器。
B） 没有AD365之后的硬币，之前的硬币很多。Correct
C） 历史提到了这个地震。只能证明有，不能证明导致毁灭。
D）在AD300-400的雕塑在K被发现。
E） 在AD365之后被使用的文字在K被发现。Weaken
C：Sd不是治疗抑郁的方法
问P
题目理解错误，lifed指消除，不是提高。即病人说一晚上不睡觉会立即消除抑郁。但不睡觉不是治疗抑郁的方法。题目问这里的矛盾。
A） 小部分抑郁患者，缺乏一晚上睡眠减少了暂时的焦虑。Weaken
B） 使抑郁患者保持清醒比正常人困难。无关
C） 丧失睡眠会使判断力受损，就像喝醉了一样。Correct (x)
没有提到消除抑郁的效果
D）和睡眠相关的情绪在大脑化学中无法追踪到特定的变化。无关
E） 即使患者只睡了几分钟，抑郁情绪会全部回来。 Correct
说明不睡觉没用，一睡就失效
P：上升的税收和失业保险
C：解雇员工的公司最终也会为政府补偿失业者买单
要读懂作者真正的argument：很多人以为自动化会省钱，但是作者认为公司自动化不会赚钱，因为政府会将失业补偿通过税收转嫁到企业身上。
A） 许多因为自动化被解雇的人找不到新工作。待定 Correct
这样公司要付失业保险
B） 许多没有自动化转型的公司的利润下降。无关
C） 没有自动化的公司也要付税收和失业保险。无关
D）大部分用机器人的新工作比人工费用小。Weaken
E） 机器投资比短期劳工成本高。Correct（x）无关
医院主要依靠通过支付病人抵消未偿还的照顾损失的收入。几乎所有钱都靠政府或医疗保险。最近保险公司对付款很严格，付给医院的钱要低于实际成本。
Must be true：医院收入减少
A） 尽管科技进步让昂贵的医疗手续对富人来说是可得的，对低收入病人来说不行。无关
B） 如果医院对未偿还照顾没有其他收入来源，他们要么拒绝这类服务，若提供就会有损失。Correct
C） 一些病人的收入高于能接受政府帮助的水平，但又不足以支付医疗保险。无关
D）如果医院减少服务成本，保险公司会维持目前的补偿水平，因此为未偿还医疗提供更多基金。无关
E） 尽管慈善捐赠为医院提供了一些支持，这些捐赠现在在下降。没提到。
| 欢迎光临 ChaseDream (https://forum.chasedream.com/) |
Powered by Discuz! X3.3 |