裸奔能上7的都是下凡的大牛
第4篇阅读是指这个嘛？
In the 1930’s and 1940’s, African Americanindustrialworkers in the southern United States, who constituted 80 percent oftheunskilled factory labor force there, strongly supported unionization. WhiletheAmerican Federation of Labor (AFL) either excluded African Americansormaintained racially segregated unions, the Congress of IndustrialOrganizations (CIO) organized integrated unions nationwide on the basis of astated policy ofequal rights for all, and African American unionists providedthe CIO’sbackbone. Yet it can be argued that through contracts negotiated andenforcedby White union members, unions—CIO unions not excluded—were ofteninstrumentalin maintaining the occupational segregation and other forms ofracialdiscrimination that kept African Americans socially and economicallyoppressedduring this period. However, recognizing employers’ power over workersas acentral factor in African Americans’ economic marginal unionization,AfricanAmerican workers saw the need to join with White workers in seekingchangedespite White unionists’ toleration of or support for racialdiscrimination.The persistent efforts of African American unionists eventuallypaid off: manybecame highly effective organizers, gaining the respect of evenracist Whiteunionists by winning victories for White as well as AfricanAmerican workers.African American unionists thus succeeded in strengthening theunions whileusing them as instruments of African Americans’ economicempowerment.
1 The passage is primarily concerned with
A.demonstrating that unions failed to addresstheconcerns of African American workers during a particular period
B.arguingthat African Americanworkers’ participation in unions during a particularperiod was ultimatelybeneficial to them
C.contrasting the treatment of AfricanAmericanworkers by two different labor organizations during a particularperiod
D.giving reasons for the success of AfricanAmericanunionists in winning victories for both African American and Whiteworkersduring a particular period
E.questioning one explanation for theattitudes of AfricanAmerican workers toward unionization during a particularperiod
2 According to the passage, which of the followingwastrue of many racist White unionists during the period discussed in thepassage?
A.Theirattitudes toward AfricanAmerican union organizers changed once they recognizedthat the activities ofthese organizers were serving workers’ interests.
B.They were a powerful element in the southernlabormovement because they constituted the majority of the unskilled factorylaborforce in the southern United States.
C.They persisted in opposing the CIO’sadoption of astated policy of equal rights for all.
D.Their primary goal was to strengthenthenegotiating power of the unions through increasing White union membership.
E.Their advocacy of racial discriminationhamperedunions in their efforts to gain more power for workers.
3 The author of the passage suggests which of thefollowing about African American workers who participated in union activitiesinthe 1930’s and 1940’s?
A.They believed that the eliminationofdiscrimination within unions was a necessary first step toward theachievementof economic advancement for African Americans.
B.They belonged exclusively to CIO unionsbecausethey were excluded from AFL unions.
C.Theybelieved that the economicadvancement of African American workers depended onorganized efforts toempower all workers.
D.Some of them advocatedthe organization ofseparate African American unions because of discriminatorypractices in the AFLand the CIO.
E.Many of them did not believe that Whiteunionistsin CIO unions would tolerate or support racial discrimination againstAfricanAmerican workers.-- by 会员 XYXB (2011/12/1 18:59:05)
