233. Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job, fatigue among shift workers, and have raised production efficiency in various industries.
(A) fatigue among shift workers, and have raised
(B) fatigue among shift workers, and raised
(C) and fatigue among shift workers while raising
(D) lowered fatigue among shift workers, and raised
(E) and fatigue among shift workers was lowered while raising
可不可以請各位解釋一下，C和E有何不同，看來E只比C多了was lowered，這樣就會破壞x, y, and z的結構嗎?謝謝
我又多想到一個觀點，就是在fatigue among ....的後面多加上was lowered(選項E)，是否會有破壞句意的問題，理由是"調動工作可以減輕員工的疲倦"，如果疲倦還lowered ，是否在句意上會完全走味??
請教各位，謝謝
我怎末觉得e答案：Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job,and fatigue among shift workers was lowered while raising production efficiency in various industries.让人感觉是由两个句子构成的，前个句子的谓语是reduced，后一个句子谓语是was.
之所以错是因为
1。前半句的并列部分没有and 连结（这点og没有说）。
2。这样一来后半句意思变成了fatigue among shift workers raise production efficiency了，不合逻辑，所以og解释说：In E, while raising has no logical referent（没有合乎逻辑的指代，因为它在逻辑上应该指代Recently implemented "shift-work equations）, producing only the absurd statement that fatigue has raised efficiency.）
所以怎末分析都是不对的。
不知道我的理解是不是正确，多多指教，多多讨论！
我怎末觉得e答案：Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job,and fatigue among shift workers was lowered while raising production efficiency in various industries.让人感觉是由两个句子构成的，前个句子的谓语是reduced，后一个句子谓语是was.
之所以错是因为
1。前半句的并列部分没有and 连结（这点og没有说）。---->
OG does say!!! "Both D and E fail to use and to introduce the last item in the list, which is sleeping in these constructions
2。这样一来后半句意思变成了fatigue among shift workers raise production efficiency了，不合逻辑，所以og解释说：In E, while raising has no logical referent（没有合乎逻辑的指代，因为它在逻辑上应该指代Recently implemented "shift-work equations）, producing only the absurd statement that fatigue has raised efficiency.）
所以怎末分析都是不对的。
不知道我的理解是不是正确，多多指教，多多讨论！--totally agree on this part!
但是我又有新的问题了! 我现在翻不到..就是那个 "separate, required course" 的时候不用and老师解释说是因为同样重要的两个比较时不用加and, 而这里OG 却指出不加and 是错误的
..have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job, and ....若说同样重要也是可行的阿!
我不是很能理解, 请指教!
谢谢~~
但是我又有新的问题了! 我现在翻不到..就是那个 "separate, required course" 的时候不用and老师解释说是因为同样重要的两个比较时不用加and, 而这里OG 却指出不加and 是错误的
..have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job, and ....若说同样重要也是可行的阿!
我不是很能理解, 请指教!
谢谢~~
我觉得og的意思是必须在最后一个平行前加and,之前的and可以省略,比如这里的have reduced sickness,(and)sleeping on the job, and fatigue among shift workers......
不知说错没有
that's not what i mean, thanks still vactioner~~
up up!!!
楼上说的是og37吧，偶帮你贴上来
37. While some academicians believe that business ethics should be integrated into every business course, others say that students will take ethics seriously only if it would be taught as a separately required course.
(A) only if it would be taught as a separately required course
(B) only if it is taught as a separate, required course
(C) if it is taught only as a course required separately
(D) if it was taught only as a separate and required course
(E) if it would only be taught as a required course, separately
37题诗关于adj修饰n的用法，因为多余一个的adj修饰n,对于adj的修饰先后是有顺序，而用","隔开adj就可以不必排顺 详解参见toefl语法
233题是reduce宾语并列的一个list,在这个list的最后一个element前要有and连接，表示list结束了。详解参见og190
回楼主的问题：
我觉得，根据逻辑意思，"sickness", "sleeping on the job", 和"fatigue among shift workers"都是"shift-work equations"导致的结果，而且都是reduced的宾语。所以，1. 没必要用and把他们分成两个独立的句子。2. lower跟reduced意思重复。
OG中“In E, while raising has no logical referent, producing only the absurd statement that fatigue has raised efficiency.”，我的理解是：因为E中，and后面的句子是一个独立句，所以while从句是修饰and后面的主句的，while从句的逻辑主语应该跟主句的逻辑主语相同。但主句没出现逻辑主语，所以会造成好像主语是fatigue的歧义。
233. Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job, fatigue疲劳 among shift workers, and have raised production efficiency in various industries.
(A) fatigue among shift workers, and have raised
(B) fatigue among shift workers, and raised
(C) and fatigue among shift workers while raising
(D) lowered fatigue among shift workers, and raised
(E) and fatigue among shift workers was lowered while raising
我的问题是D中除了and 没有体现出转折的含义外，其他没有错了吧
D.lowered fatigue among shift workers, and raised
我是把reduced sickness, sleeping on the job, lowered fatigue among shift workers, and raised production efficiency in various industries
看成A,B,andC的平行结构，这样不对吗？
但是由A原句怎么看出来有转折的意味呢，我觉得不转折应该也不算错啊
请指点！
233. Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job, fatigue疲劳 among shift workers, and have raised production efficiency in various industries.
(A) fatigue among shift workers, and have raised
(B) fatigue among shift workers, and raised
(C) and fatigue among shift workers while raising
(D) lowered fatigue among shift workers, and raised
(E) and fatigue among shift workers was lowered while raising
我的问题是D中除了and 没有体现出转折的含义外，其他没有错了吧
D.lowered fatigue among shift workers, and raised
我是把reduced sickness, sleeping on the job, lowered fatigue among shift workers, and raised production efficiency in various industries
看成A,B,andC的平行结构，这样不对吗？
但是由A原句怎么看出来有转折的意味呢，我觉得不转折应该也不算错啊
请指点！
有轉折! while本身就隱含轉折的語氣! 只是不一定被翻出來~ 妳看前一句是說reduce後一句是raise~這樣一正一反就是隱含轉折語氣
看过其他讨论贴了，没有提到这个疑问：
Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job, fatigue among shift workers, and have raised production efficiency in various industries.
(D) lowered fatigue among shift workers, and raised
OG11："the verb reduced applies to all three parallel elments, so inserting lowered before fatigue illogically suggests that fatigue actually increased"
看不懂这个解释
如果将D答案代入原文中，并且扩展并列句后就是：
have reduced sickness, （have reduced ）sleeping on the job, （have reduced ）lowered fatigue among shift workers, and raised production efficiency in various industries.
have reduced lowered fatigue amongo shift workers: 双重否定，不符合逻辑。
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