ChaseDream

标题: 【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-12】 [打印本页]

作者: UlysessHope 时间: 2011-11-30 19:35
标题: 【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-12】
天冷大家注意身体~

跟帖做题方法请见：
http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_CR/thread-613902-1-1.html
【精练】
1. People with high blood pressure are generally more
nervous and anxious than people who do not have
high blood pressure. This fact show that this
particular combination of personality traits—the socalled
hypertensive personality—is likely to cause a
person with these traits to develop high blood
pressure.
The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to
criticism on the grounds that the argument
----------Cause and Effect Problems

(A) fails to define the term “hypertensive
personality”
(B) presupposes that people have permanent
personality traits
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a
“hypertensive personality” without
providing evidence to support that claim.
(D) takes a correlation between personality traits
and high blood pressure as proof that the
traits cause high blood pressure.
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only,
ignoring other personality traits that people
with high blood pressure might have

【逻辑链】
45. (33847-!-item-!-188;#058&007123)
A major impediment to wide acceptance of electric vehicles even on the part of people who use their cars almost exclusively for commuting is the inability to use electric vehicles for occasional extended trips. In an attempt to make purchasing electric vehicles more attractive to commuters, one electric vehicle producer is planning to offer customers three days free rental of a conventional car for every 1,000 miles that they drive their electric vehicle.
Which of the following, if true, most threatens the plan's prospects for success?
(A) Many electric vehicles that are used for commercial purposes are not needed for extended trips.
(B) Because a majority of commuters drive at least 100 miles a week, the cost to the producer of making good the offer would add considerably to the already high price of electric vehicles.
(C) The relatively long time it takes to recharge the battery of an electric vehicle can easily be fitted into the regular patterns of car use characteristic of commuters.
(D) Although electric vehicles are essentially emission-free in actual use, generating the electricity necessary for charging an electric vehicle's battery can burden the environment.
(E) Some family vehicles are used primarily not for commuting but for making short local trips, such as to do errands.
46. (33987-!-item-!-188;#058&007200)
Archaeologists in Michigan have excavated a Native American camp near Dumaw Creek. Radiocarbon dating of animal bones found at the site indicates that the camp dates from some time between 1605 and 1755. However, the camp probably dates to no later than 1630, since no European trade goods were found at the site, and European traders were active in the region from the 1620's onward.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
(A) Due to trade among Native Americans, some European trade goods would have reached the area before the European traders themselves did.
(B) At all camps in the region that have been reliably dated to the late 1620's, remains of European trade goods have been found.
(C) The first European trade goods to reach the area would have been considered especially valuable and preserved as much as possible from loss or destruction.
(D) The first European traders in the area followed soon after the first European explorers.
(E) The site is that of a temporary camp that would have been used seasonally for a few years and then abandoned.
47. (34035-!-item-!-188;#058&007207)
Automobile emissions are a significant source of air pollutants, and cars over five years old typically generate significantly greater amounts of pollutants than newer cars. In Torinia, which has recently built its first automobile manufacturing plant, most cars are over five years old. Aiming to boost Torinia's economy and reduce air pollution, the government plans to introduce incentives for Torinians to scrap their old cars every five years and replace them with new ones.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the likelihood that the planned incentives, if implemented, will achieve both of the cited aims?
(A) Without the implementation of the planned incentives, most Torinians who own an old car would be unlikely to buy a new car.
(B) Torinia's automobile plant manufactures car models that typically generate smaller amounts of air pollutants than most similarly sized car models manufactured elsewhere.
(C) The new cars produced in Torinia are not likely to be exported to other countries.
(D) The largest source of atmospheric pollutants in Torinia is not automobile emissions, but emissions from power plants.
(E) The manufacture and the scrapping of cars each generate significant amounts of air pollutants.
48. (34221-!-item-!-188;#058&007550)
Parasitic wasps lay their eggs directly into the eggs of various host insects in exactly the right numbers for any suitable size of host egg. If they laid too many eggs in a host egg, the developing wasp larvae would compete with each other to the death for nutrients and space. If too few eggs were laid, portions of the host egg would decay, killing the wasp larvae.
Which of the following conclusions can properly be drawn from the information above?
(A) The size of the smallest host egg that a wasp could theoretically parasitize can be determined from the wasp's egg-laying behavior.
(B) Host insects lack any effective defenses against the form of predation practiced by parasitic wasps.
(C) Parasitic wasps learn from experience how many eggs to lay into the eggs of different host species.
(D) Failure to lay enough eggs would lead to the death of the developing wasp larvae more quickly than would laying too many eggs.
(E) Parasitic wasps use visual clues to calculate the size of a host egg.

作者: UlysessHope 时间: 2011-11-30 19:38
逻辑链答案：BBEA（隐藏可见）
精炼解析：
Answer choice (A): This is an Opposite answer because the stimulus defines
the hypertensive personality as one with the traits of nervousness and anxiety.
Answer choice (B): The permanence of the traits is not an issue in the stimulus.
Answer choice (C): Although the argument does act as described in this answer
choice, this is not an error. On the LSAT, authors have the right to make
premises that contain certain claims. Remember, the focus is not on the premises
but where the author goes with the argument once a premise is created.
Answer choice (D): This is the correct answer. The conclusion can be
diagrammed as:
HP = hypertensive personality
HBP = high-blood pressure
C E
HP → HBP
This answer choice describes a classic error of causality: two events occurring
simultaneously are mistakenly interpreted to be in a causal relationship. There
are many other possibilities for the arrangement: the two events could be caused
by a third event (for example, genetics could cause both a hypertensive
personality and high blood pressure), the events could be reversed (the high
blood pressure could actually cause the hypertensive personality), or there may
be situations where the two do not occur together.
Answer choice (E): Although the argument does act as described in this answer
choice, this is not an error. The author is allowed to focus on nervousness and
anxiety to the exclusion of other traits. To analogize, imagine a speaker says,
“The Kansas City Royals have bad pitching and this makes them a bad team.”
The Kansas City Royals might also wear blue, but the speaker is not obligated
to mention that trait when discussing why the Royals are a bad baseball team. In
much the same way, the author of this stimulus is not obligated to mention other
traits people with high blood-pressure may have.

作者: xeyyxzty 时间: 2011-11-30 19:52
1.premise: People with high blood pressure are generally more nervous and anxious than people who do not have high blood pressure.conclusion: the particular combination of personality traits—the so called hypertensive personality—is likely to cause a person with these traits to develop high blood pressure.
逻辑好像是反的吧~~~
(A) fails to define the term “hypertensive personality”
--irrelevant
(B) presupposes that people have permanent personality traits
--irrelevant
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a “hypertensive personality” without providing evidence to support that claim.
--irrelevant
(D) takes a correlation between personality traits and high blood pressure as proof that the traits cause high blood pressure.
--right
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only, ignoring other personality traits that people with high blood pressure might have

--irrelevant
Answer choice (D): This is the correct answer. The conclusion can be diagrammed as:
HP = hypertensive personality
HBP = high-blood pressure
C E
HP → HBP
This answer choice describes a classic error of causality: two events occurring simultaneously are mistakenly interpreted to be in a causal relationship. There are many other possibilities for the arrangement: the two events could be caused by a third event (for example, genetics could cause both a hypertensive personality and high blood pressure), the events could be reversed (the high blood pressure could actually cause the hypertensive personality), or there may be situations where the two do not occur together.
2.background information:A major impediment to wide acceptance of electric vehicles even on the part of people who use their cars almost exclusively for commuting is the inability to use electric vehicles for occasional extended trips.
premise: one electric vehicle producer is planning to offer customers three days free rental of a conventional car for every 1,000 miles that they drive their electric vehicle.
conclusion: to make purchasing electric vehicles more attractive to commuters
the method doesn't solve the problem.
(A) Many electric vehicles that are used for commercial purposes are not needed for extended trips.
--support
(B) Because a majority of commuters drive at least 100 miles a week, the cost to the producer of making good the offer would add considerably to the already high price of electric vehicles.
--虽然没看懂--right
(C) The relatively long time it takes to recharge the battery of an electric vehicle can easily be fitted into the regular patterns of car use characteristic of commuters.
--???没看懂
(D) Although electric vehicles are essentially emission-free in actual use, generating the electricity necessary for charging an electric vehicle's battery can burden the environment.
--irrelevant
(E) Some family vehicles are used primarily not for commuting but for making short local trips, such as to do errands.
--support
为什么最近总是看不懂选项了呢

3. background information:Archaeologists in Michigan have excavated a Native American camp near Dumaw Creek. Radiocarbon dating of animal bones found at the site indicates that the camp dates from some time between 1605 and 1755.
premise: no European trade goods were found at the site, and European traders were active in the region from the 1620's onward
conclusion: the camp probably dates to no later than 1630
没有思路~~~
(A) Due to trade among Native Americans, some European trade goods would have reached the area before the European traders themselves did.
--irrelevant
(B) At all camps in the region that have been reliably dated to the late 1620's, remains of European trade goods have been found.
--support--right
(C) The first European trade goods to reach the area would have been considered especially valuable and preserved as much as possible from loss or destruction.
--irrelevant
(D) The first European traders in the area followed soon after the first European explorers.
--irrelevant
(E) The site is that of a temporary camp that would have been used seasonally for a few years and then abandoned.
--irrelevant
4.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the likelihood that the planned incentives, if implemented, will achieve both of the cited aims?background information:Automobile emissions are a significant source of air pollutants, and cars over five years old typically generate significantly greater amounts of pollutants than newer cars. In Torinia, which has recently built its first automobile manufacturing plant, most cars are over five years old.
premise:the government plans to introduce incentives for Torinians to scrap their old cars every five years and replace them with new ones.
conclusion:to boost Torinia's economy and reduce air pollution,
producing cars also emit pollutants~
(A) Without the implementation of the planned incentives, most Torinians who own an old car would be unlikely to buy a new car.
--suport
(B) Torinia's automobile plant manufactures car models that typically generate smaller amounts of air pollutants than most similarly sized car models manufactured elsewhere.
--support
(C) The new cars produced in Torinia are not likely to be exported to other countries.
--irrelevant
(D) The largest source of atmospheric pollutants in Torinia is not automobile emissions, but emissions from power plants.
--irrelevant--also reduce the pollutants
(E) The manufacture and the scrapping of cars each generate significant amounts of air pollutants.
--right
5.Parasitic wasps lay their eggs directly into the eggs of various host insects in exactly the right numbers for any suitable size of host egg. If they laid too many eggs in a host egg, the developing wasp larvae would compete with each other to the death for nutrients and space. If too few eggs were laid, portions of the host egg would decay, killing the wasp larvae.
Which of the following conclusions can properly be drawn from the information above?set of facts
(A) The size of the smallest host egg that a wasp could theoretically parasitize can be determined from the wasp's egg-laying behavior.
--right
(B) Host insects lack any effective defenses against the form of predation practiced by parasitic wasps.
--unknown
(C) Parasitic wasps learn from experience how many eggs to lay into the eggs of different host species.
--unknown
(D) Failure to lay enough eggs would lead to the death of the developing wasp larvae more quickly than would laying too many eggs.
--unknown
(E) Parasitic wasps use visual clues to calculate the size of a host egg.
--unknown
Q:number和size有关系吗？什么意思？

作者: qiuhua01234567 时间: 2011-11-30 20:04
每次都有个人占我沙发
什么时候让我换个头衔，什么时候让我入群

Background：people with high blood are more N and A than people who do not have.

Conclusion: this particular combination of personality traits—the so called hypertensive personality—is likely to cause a person with these traits to develop high blood pressure

(A)fails to define the term “hypertensive
personality”
(B) presupposes that people have permanent
personality traits
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a
“hypertensive personality” without
providing evidence to support that claim.
(D) takes a correlation between personality traits
and high blood pressure as proof that the
traits cause high blood pressure.
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only,
ignoring other personality traits that people
with high blood pressure might have.

反逻辑？

Background：A major impediment to wide acceptance of electric vehicles even on the part of people who use their cars almost exclusively for commuting is the inability to use electric vehicles for occasional extended trips。

Ways

ffer customers three days free rental of a conventional car for every 1,000 miles that they drive their electric vehicle.

Conclusion: make purchasing electric vehicles more attractive to commuters

(A)Many electric vehicles that are used for commercial purposes are not needed for extended trips.
(B) Because a majority of commuters drive at least 100 miles a week, the cost to the producer of making good the offer would add considerably to the already high price of electric vehicles.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------correct
(C) The relatively long time it takes to recharge the battery of an electric vehicle can easily be fitted into the regular patterns of car use characteristic of commuters.
(D) Although electric vehicles are essentially emission-free in actual use, generating the electricity necessary for charging an electric vehicle's battery can burden the environment.

E) Some family vehicles are used primarily not for commuting but for making short local trips, such as to do errands.

Support

Background:A have excavated NA camp near DC.R dating of animals bones found at the site indicateds camp dates from between 1650 and 1755.

Premise:no E goods were found at the sites.and e traders were active in the region from the 1620 onward

camp dates to no latter than 1630.

(A)Due to trade among Native Americans, some European trade goods would have reached the area before the European traders themselves did.
(B) At all camps in the region that have been reliably dated to the late 1620's, remains of European trade goods have been found.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------correct.
(C) The first European trade goods to reach the area would have been considered especially valuable and preserved as much as possible from loss or destruction.
(D) The first European traders in the area followed soon after the first European explorers.
(E) The site is that of a temporary camp that would have been used seasonally for a few years and then abandoned.

Background:car pouultion,over 5 years significally greaterin . in T,bulit a plan,

Aim:boost economy redauce pollution,

Ways: scrap their old cars every five years and replace them with new ones

A)Without the implementation of the planned incentives, most Torinians who own an old car would be unlikely to buy a new car.
(B) Torinia's automobile plant manufactures car models that typically generate smaller amounts of air pollutants than most similarly sized car models manufactured elsewhere.
(C) The new cars produced in Torinia are not likely to be exported to other countries.
(D) The largest source of atmospheric pollutants in Torinia is not automobile emissions, but emissions from power plants.
(E) The manufacture and the scrapping of cars each generate significant amounts of air pollutants.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------correct.

Background: Parasitic wasps lay their eggs directly into the eggs of various host insects in exactly the right numbers for any suitable size of host egg

Found: . If they laid too many eggs in a host egg, the developing wasp larvae would compete with each other to the death for nutrients and space. If too few eggs were laid, portions of the host egg would decay, killing the wasp larvae

A)The size of the smallest host egg that a wasp could theoretically parasitize can be determined from the wasp's egg-laying behavior.
(B) Host insects lack any effective defenses against the form of predation practiced by parasitic wasps.
(C) Parasitic wasps learn from experience how many eggs to lay into the eggs of different host species.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------correct
(D) Failure to lay enough eggs would lead to the death of the developing wasp larvae more quickly than would laying too many eggs.
(E) Parasitic wasps use visual clues to calculate the size of a host egg.

又错了，为嘛是A

作者: balapupu 时间: 2011-11-30 20:21
好早好早~~~~我作业补到哪天了都分不清了~~

作者: pengyayun 时间: 2011-11-30 22:57
真早啊~~~昨天的位子现在得去做，没想到今天的早就出了。。。加油做咯

作者: fox0923 时间: 2011-11-30 23:36
占位，hope的期末考试准备怎么样了？加油~

作者: fox0923 时间: 2011-11-30 23:49
精练----------------20s-----------------------weakenP: People with high blood pressure are anxious and nervous than people without high blood pressure.
C: This combination of these personality traits will cause people blood pressure.
Prephrase: People with high blood pressure can cause the hypertension of people's personalities.
Analysis:
(A) fails to define the term “hypertensive
personality”---------------------------------------------we don't need to define the term. This is irrelevant.
(B) presupposes that people have permanent
personality traits---------------------------------------the passage doesn't mention the permanent or temp. personality traits.
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a
“hypertensive personality” without
providing evidence to support that claim.----------the hypertensive personality is stated as evidence in the passage, so there's no need to provide evidence to support this evidence.
(D) takes a correlation between personality traits
and high blood pressure as proof that the
traits cause high blood pressure.--------------------bingo!
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only,
ignoring other personality traits that people
with high blood pressure might have----------------this is irrelevant.

Cause-effect 题目比较好做~

作者: 南瓜0729 时间: 2011-12-1 00:31
占地啦这两天有事情都没完成呢

作者: zz42050524 时间: 2011-12-1 10:20
精练： weaken 60s
Lobsters will contract gill disease under contaminated water by sewage. The sewage was rerouted to sea. Lobsters probably are not affect gill disease before are eaten。
The action was pointless.
Pre: Lobsters are not affected but contained.
(A) Contaminants in the harbor other than sewage 和推理无关
are equally harmful to lobsters.
(B) Lobsters, like other crustaceans, live longer in 和推理无关
the open ocean than in industrial harbors.
(C) Lobsters breed as readily in sewage contaminated 和推理无关
water as in unpolluted water.
(D) Gill diseases cannot be detected by examining 貌似和推理有关，只说表面没有检测不到
the surface of the lobster. Gill 影响不到结论。
(E) Humans often become ill as a result of eating 答案
lobsters with gill diseases.

逻辑链 2： resolve the paradox 35s
P: Car owners and travel distance has increased by 40% in the two years, yet the number of people who were killed by accident is increased by 300%.
Pre: 一些特殊的原因使得事故率死亡率大大增加
A和D 犹豫了很久，最后选A，但是这题有疑问

3. weaken 46s
Regulations of manufacture’s emission are more restrict and the manufactures have to buy new facilities. The cost will be higher.
The export market will diminish to low levels.
Pre:　Some reason to explain the regulation wouldn’t influent the market.
A : 自己这结论改写的不对。

4. resolve the paradox
Two kinds of airplane painting plan, the old one and the new one, have the same weight and thickness but the new one is more expensive.
Pre: The new plan will last long and has low maintain costs.
E 我怎么看那个都不太合适

2011/12/1
精练： flaw in reasoning 30s
People with high blood pressure are more likely to be nervous and anxious.
These traits caused people to have high blood pressure.
Pre: The cause that the statement said indeed is the effect.
(A) fails to define the term “hypertensive 文中有定义解释
personality”
(B) presupposes that people have permanent 文中没有提
personality traits
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a 原文的论述第一句为第二句的论据
“hypertensive personality” without
providing evidence to support that claim.
(D) takes a correlation between personality traits 正确
and high blood pressure as proof that the
traits cause high blood pressure.
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only, 这个就是无关选项了
ignoring other personality traits that people
with high blood pressure might have

逻辑链
2. weaken 50s
Producers of electric vehicles want to wide acceptance of their products. A producer provide three days free rental of a conventional car for every 1,000 miles.
Pre: The disadvantage is reveal through doing so.
B 预测错误

3. support 40s
Archaeologists found an ancient camp dated between 1605 and 1755. Because the European traders began active since 1620s,
The camp was no later than 1630s.
Pre: 1. Some other good taken by European traders were also found.
2. No evidence suggested that good from Europe were dated before 1620s.
B, 1 推测

4. weaken both
Automobiles emit significant pollutant after used of five years. City X has established a new automobile manufacture plant. To incentive the economy and reduce contamination, local government plan to crab old cars that are five years old.
Pre: 预测不出，先看答案
E 感觉只是weaken了一点就是 reduce pollution，但是没有weaken economy，但是别的都不合适

5. MUST BE TRUE 50S
Wraps lay eggs to the eggs of other insect. If they lay too much, fresh wraps will die for nutrient and space; if they lay too few, fresh wraps will be killed by the other insects.
D; 排除的，这个需要看看解释

作者: fox0923 时间: 2011-12-1 11:52

每次都有个人占我沙发
什么时候让我换个头衔，什么时候让我入群

-- by 会员 qiuhua01234567 (2011/11/30 20:04:14)

我们按照一个系列加群的，qiuhua只要坚持每天做的话，愿望就能实现咯！！！

作者: fox0923 时间: 2011-12-1 11:54

精练： weaken 60s
Lobsters will contract gill disease under contaminated water by sewage. The sewage was rerouted to sea. Lobsters probably are not affect gill disease before are eaten。
The action was pointless.
Pre: Lobsters are not affected but contained.
(A) Contaminants in the harbor other than sewage 和推理无关
are equally harmful to lobsters.
(B) Lobsters, like other crustaceans, live longer in 和推理无关
the open ocean than in industrial harbors.
(C) Lobsters breed as readily in sewage contaminated 和推理无关
water as in unpolluted water.
(D) Gill diseases cannot be detected by examining 貌似和推理有关，只说表面没有检测不到
the surface of the lobster. Gill 影响不到结论。
(E) Humans often become ill as a result of eating 答案
lobsters with gill diseases.

逻辑链 2： resolve the paradox 35s
P: Car owners and travel distance has increased by 40% in the two years, yet the number of people who were killed by accident is increased by 300%.
Pre: 一些特殊的原因使得事故率死亡率大大增加
A和D 犹豫了很久，最后选A，但是这题有疑问

3. weaken 46s
Regulations of manufacture’s emission are more restrict and the manufactures have to buy new facilities. The cost will be higher.
The export market will diminish to low levels.
Pre:　Some reason to explain the regulation wouldn’t influent the market.
A : 自己这结论改写的不对。

4. resolve the paradox
Two kinds of airplane painting plan, the old one and the new one, have the same weight and thickness but the new one is more expensive.
Pre: The new plan will last long and has low maintain costs.
E 我怎么看那个都不太合适

2011/12/1
精练： flaw in reasoning 30s
People with high blood pressure are more likely to be nervous and anxious.
These traits caused people to have high blood pressure.
Pre: The cause that the statement said indeed is the effect.
(A) fails to define the term “hypertensive 文中有定义解释
personality”
(B) presupposes that people have permanent 文中没有提
personality traits
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a 原文的论述第一句为第二句的论据
“hypertensive personality” without
providing evidence to support that claim.
(D) takes a correlation between personality traits 正确
and high blood pressure as proof that the
traits cause high blood pressure.
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only, 这个就是无关选项了
ignoring other personality traits that people
with high blood pressure might have

逻辑链
2. weaken 50s
Producers of electric vehicles want to wide acceptance of their products. A producer provide three days free rental of a conventional car for every 1,000 miles.
Pre: The disadvantage is reveal through doing so.
B 预测错误

3. support 40s
Archaeologists found an ancient camp dated between 1605 and 1755. Because the European traders began active since 1620s,
The camp was no later than 1630s.
Pre: 1. Some other good taken by European traders were also found.
2. No evidence suggested that good from Europe were dated before 1620s.
B, 1 推测

4. weaken both
Automobiles emit significant pollutant after used of five years. City X has established a new automobile manufacture plant. To incentive the economy and reduce contamination, local government plan to crab old cars that are five years old.
Pre: 预测不出，先看答案
E 感觉只是weaken了一点就是 reduce pollution，但是没有weaken economy，但是别的都不合适

5. MUST BE TRUE 50S
Wraps lay eggs to the eggs of other insect. If they lay too much, fresh wraps will die for nutrient and space; if they lay too few, fresh wraps will be killed by the other insects.
D; 排除的，这个需要看看解释

-- by 会员 zz42050524 (2011/12/1 10:20:13)

zz把前面的一次逻辑链也贴上来了？？啥意思？？

作者: winghyy 时间: 2011-12-1 12:00
精炼题
40s-weaken
Premise

eople with high blood pressure are more nervous and anxious than people who don't have high blood pressure.
Conclusion: hypertensive traits cause people to develop high blood pressure.
Prephase: high blood pressure causes hypertensive traits.
选D
(A) fails to define the term “hypertensive personality” - the author has already defined.
(B) presupposes that people have permanent personality traits - out of scope (permanent)
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a “hypertensive personality” without
providing evidence to support that claim. - irrelevant
(D) takes a correlation between personality traits and high blood pressure as proof that the
traits cause high blood pressure. - correct
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only, ignoring other personality traits that people
with high blood pressure might have - out of scope

作者: winghyy 时间: 2011-12-1 14:01
45. 50S-weaken
The reason why people are unwilling to use electric vehicles is that people should use cars for extended trips. Electric vehicles producer plan to offer buyers 3 days free for every 1000miles that they drive their electric vehicle.
Prephase: the conventional car can not meet their need for extended trips.
A

46. 58s-strengthen
Archaeologist excavated a Native Camp. Radiocarbon date it between 1605 and 1755. But the camp probabaly dates to no later than 1630, since no European trade were found. And the European traders were active in that region from the 1620's.
Prephase: other evidence to support the date to no later than 1630.
选E

47. 49s--weaken
Premise: Cars over five years old generate more pollutant than newer one. In T, most cars are over five years old. government plans introduce incentive for Tians to scrap old cars every five years and replace them with new ones.
选E

48.逻辑链记不得。。看不懂。。。
选个C 【等会仔细找分析】

今天错的有点多。。。

作者: qiuhua01234567 时间: 2011-12-1 18:42

每次都有个人占我沙发
什么时候让我换个头衔，什么时候让我入群

-- by 会员 qiuhua01234567 (2011/11/30 20:04:14)

我们按照一个系列加群的，qiuhua只要坚持每天做的话，愿望就能实现咯！！！

-- by 会员 fox0923 (2011/12/1 11:52:59)

恩恩，恩，我等着呢，哈哈

作者: ugly5552000 时间: 2011-12-2 07:39
1/Background: people with blood pressure are generally more nervous and anxious than normal people.
Premise: it is easy for a person with hypertensive personality to develop high blood pressure.
Prephrase: everyone has hypertensive personality as a part of his personality. Study shows the the high blood pressure are mostly caused by inappropriate living habits.
D
A: the argument has the definition of hypertensive personality, that is nervous and anxious, it fails to weaken the argument
B: irrelevant
C:to get evidence to support the existence of hypertensive personality does not attack the argument.
D: the hole of the argument is the correlation between hypertensive personality and high blood pressure, the relation between them is not the cause-outcome model, so the argument fails.
E: irrelevant
2/Background: the electric vehicles are not capable of occasional extended trips, this is a major blockage to wide acceptance of electric vehicles.
Premise: in order to attract people to buy vehicles, the manufacturer plans to offer customers three days free rental of a conventional car for every 1,000 miles that they drive their electric vehicle.
Prephrase: the petrol used by the conventional cars needs to be paid by consumers, so the plan is distractive to customers.
B
A: irrelevant
B: if it is true, it is easy for the electric cars to drive 1000 miles, many people would get the free rental, the high expense on rental will be passed on to the cost of electric cars, which would lead the price of electric cars to rise, then less customers would like to buy the cars .
C: irrelevant
D: irrelevant
E: irrelevant
3/Background: a native American camp is found, the animal bones found at the site shows the camp dates from some time between 1605 and 1755.
Premise: since no European trade goods were found there, and European trades has been active in the region since 1620, the camp probably dates to no later than 1630.
Prephrase: the site where the camp locates has been one of the business centers in the region since 1620.
B
A: this is an assumption, fail.
B: European trade goods are found in all camps in the region dated to the late 1620’s, the camp referred probably have trade connection with European between 1620 and 1630.
C: fails to attack the argument
D: irrelevant
E: irrelevant
4/Background: as cars over five years old emit much more pollutants than new cars, most cars in Torinia are over five years, and Torinia has recently built its first automobile factory.
Premise: in order to boost the economy and reduce air production, the government plans to replace the cars every 5years.
Prephrase: as the cars are originally designed to reach the longevity of 25 years, most car owners are not willing to replace the cars, and the government’ financial revenue cannot support the expense of replacing the cars, and the new automobile factory is incapable of manufacturing the amount of new cars to replace the old ones.
E
A: even with the implementation of the planned incentives, most Torinians who own an old car would be unlikely to buy a new car.
B: irrelevant
C: irrelevant
D: irrelevant
E: the environment cannot be improved
5/Background: parasitic wasps must lay their eggs into the eggs of various host insects in exactly the right numbers for any suitable size of host egg. If the parasitic wasps’ eggs are laid too many or too few, both will lead death to the eggs.
A
A: this is an appropriate hypothesis.
B: cannot be concluded
C: it is impossible for Parasitic wasps to learn?
D: clash with the argument
E: impossible

作者: 风无衣 时间: 2011-12-2 11:32
【精炼1-12】
weaken_40s
premise:people with high blood pressure are more nervous than people who do not have
conclusion:the combination of personality traits is likely to cause people with these traits to develop high blood pressure.
(A) fails to define the term “hypertensive
personality”
(B) presupposes that people have permanent
personality traits
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a
“hypertensive personality” without
providing evidence to support that claim.
(D) takes a correlation between personality traits
and high blood pressure as proof that the
traits cause high blood pressure.——correct
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only,
ignoring other personality traits that people
with high blood pressure might have

呼呼~今天的貌似比较简单~
Answer choice (D): This is the correct answer. The conclusion can be
diagrammed as:
HP = hypertensive personality
HBP = high-blood pressure
C E
HP → HBP
This answer choice describes a classic error of causality: two events occurring
simultaneously are mistakenly interpreted to be in a causal relationship. There
are many other possibilities for the arrangement: the two events could be caused
by a third event (for example, genetics could cause both a hypertensive
personality and high blood pressure), the events could be reversed (the high
blood pressure could actually cause the hypertensive personality), or there may
be situations where the two do not occur together.

Answer choice (E):the author of this stimulus is not obligated to mention other
traits people with high blood-pressure may have.

作者: balapupu 时间: 2011-12-2 17:27
1.[17s]
P: people with high blood pressure are more likely to become nervous and anxious than the people without-?C: people who have this personality that more nervous and anxious are more likely to have high blood pressure.
Weaken: most of the people change personality after they get the hbp.
A:
(A) fails to define the term “hypertensive
personality”?irrelevant with the definition.
(B) presupposes that people have permanent
personality traits?not mention.
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a
“hypertensive personality” without
providing evidence to support that claim.-->same as A
(D) takes a correlation between personality traits
and high blood pressure as proof that the
traits cause high blood pressure.-->R
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only,
ignoring other personality traits that people
with high blood pressure might have.-->irrelevant.

作者: balapupu 时间: 2011-12-2 18:34
1.>45S,第一句话看了好长时间才明白。
P: One problem involves the acceptance of the ev is even the people use their cars only for commuting will not use the ev for long trip?the company try to reward people drive their ev for every 1000 mils with a three days free rental cars.
Weaken: the people own the ev is not like cars.
A: (A) Many electric vehicles that are used for commercial purposes are not needed for extended trips.-->irrelevant with the porpose
(B) Because a majority of commuters drive at least 100 miles a week, the cost to the producer of making good the offer would add considerably to the already high price of electric vehicles.-->irrelevant with the cost[额。。想偏了。。。]
(C) The relatively long time it takes to recharge the battery of an electric vehicle can easily be fitted into the regular patterns of car use characteristic of commuters.-->support
(D) Although electric vehicles are essentially emission-free in actual use, generating the electricity necessary for charging an electric vehicle's battery can burden the environment.-->irrelevant with the environmrnt
(E) Some family vehicles are used primarily not for commuting but for making short local trips, such as to do errands.-->R

2.【17s】
P：Scientists found animals bones at the cite indicate that the camp is date from 1605-1755?the camp is no later than the 1630?because no European trade goods were found and European trade is very active since 1620.
Support: the European goods are not easily decay.
A:
(A) Due to trade among Native Americans, some European trade goods would have reached the area before the European traders themselves did.-->some?wrong.
(B) At all camps in the region that have been reliably dated to the late 1620's, remains of European trade goods have been found.-->R
(C) The first European trade goods to reach the area would have been considered especially valuable and preserved as much as possible from loss or destruction.-->irrelevant
(D) The first European traders in the area followed soon after the first European explorers.-->irrelevant with relationship between the traders and explorers.
(E) The site is that of a temporary camp that would have been used seasonally for a few years and then abandoned.-->irrelevant with the use of the camp.

3.[25s]
P: Cars used over five years will provide more air pollution than the new cars?T, have new cars factory and most cars are over five years?T intend to encourage people to scrap their old cars with the new one every five years in order to improve the economy and environment.
Weaken the plan: people prefer to buy the new cars from the foreign manufacture that are more polluntent.
A:
(A) Without the implementation of the planned incentives, most Torinians who own an old car would be unlikely to buy a new car.-->support
(B) Torinia's automobile plant manufactures car models that typically generate smaller amounts of air pollutants than most similarly sized car models manufactured elsewhere.-->support
(C) The new cars produced in Torinia are not likely to be exported to other countries.-->support
(D) The largest source of atmospheric pollutants in Torinia is not automobile emissions, but emissions from power plants.-->Irrelevant with the source.
(E) The manufacture and the scrapping of cars each generate significant amounts of air pollutants.-->R
4.这道题印象太深刻，新东方讲的第一道题。

作者: Roxas605 时间: 2012-4-10 16:43
【精炼】
D 联系不能代表因果关系

【逻辑链】
EAEA --> BBEA

1. premise: impediment<----inability EV for occasional extended trips
conclusion: every1000m--->3 days free rental
Weaken: >=100m(extended trip)---> cost增加--->price增加
疑惑： conclusion和price有关系？？？

2. premise：camp date： 1605～1755
but，早于1630
reason：无ETG，ET在1620之后
A： ETG早于ET--->ETG早于1620--->date早于1620，weaken
B：【原义重复】：确实在1620晚期存在ETG

作者: leewonting 时间: 2012-4-11 00:30
64
背景：People with high blood pressure are generally more nervous and anxious than people who do not have high blood pressure.
条件：This fact show that there is a particular combination between them
结论：Hypertensive is likely to cause a person with these traits to develop high blood pressure
推测：Which one is the cause and which is the result?
选D

65
背景：A major impediment to wide acceptance of electric vehicles even on the part of people who use their cars almost exclusively for commuting is the inability to use electric vehicles for occasional extended trips.
条件：Three days free rental of a conventional car for every 1000 miles that the drivers drive their electric vehicles
结论：Make them purchase the cars
推测：the miles that the drivers drive is more than 1000 miles.
选B

66
背景：Archaeologists in Michigan have excavated a native American camp near Dumaw Creek.
条件：There is nothing that is European trade good found in the site
结论：The camp dates to no later than 1630 and European trades were active in the region from the 1620’s onward
推测：需要更多的证据，证明1620年之后发生的，甚至是1630年发生的。上面有东西写着日期？
选B

67
背景：Automobile emissions are a significant source of air pollutants and cars over five years old typically generate significantly more pollutants than newer cars.
条件：The government plans to introduce incentives for Torinians to scrap their old cars every 5 years and replace them with new ones
结论：This plan will boost Torinia’s economy and reduce air pollution
推测：how about making the new cars and replacing the old cars will produce more emissions?
选E（D很迷惑）

68
背景：Parasitic wasps lay their eggs directly into the eggs of various host insects in exactly the right numbers for any suitable size of host egg.
条件：They lay the “right” number of eggs
结论：Drawn from the information?
推测：根据寄主的情况繁殖
选A

作者: Rena张 时间: 2012-4-16 14:48
1.
Time: 47''
Premise: high blood pressure ---> more nervous & anxious.
Conclusion: people with this kind of personal traits --->are likely to develop high blood pressure.
Type: vulnerable to criticism on the ground that the argument
Prephrase: have relation does not necessarily mean cause and effect.
Choice: D
2. 2' B
3. 1'20'' B
4. 58'' C E
5. 46'' B A
错了俩题~~~哎呀呀

作者: FB小贝 时间: 2012-5-8 23:51
1. People with high blood pressure are generally more
nervous and anxious than people who do not have
high blood pressure. This fact show that this
particular combination of personality traits—the socalled
hypertensive personality—is likely to cause a
person with these traits to develop high blood
pressure.
The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to
criticism on the grounds that the argument
----------Cause and Effect Problems

(A) fails to define the term “hypertensive
personality”
(B) presupposes that people have permanent
personality traits
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a
“hypertensive personality” without
providing evidence to support that claim.
(D) takes a correlation between personality traits
and high blood pressure as proof that the
traits cause high blood pressure.
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only,
ignoring other personality traits that people
with high blood pressure might have

D。这题简单

作者: dwindwin1106 时间: 2012-5-12 04:08
(1)P:high blood pressure? more nervous and anxious
C:hypertensive personality ? likely to cause a person with these traits to develop high blood pressure
Weaken:结论将因果颠倒了
Answer: D
A.Irrelevant ------ 定义hypertensive与文章结论无关
B.Irrelevant ------ personality traits是否permanent与文章结论无关
C.Irrelevant ------ 是否提供证据证明hypertensive personality对weaken文章无关
D.Correct ------ 曲解了两者的关系，理所当然认为有联系就是traits引起了blood pressure
E.Irrelevant ------ other personality traits与文章无关

(2)BG: major impediment to wide acceptance of EV is the inability to use EV for occasional extended trips
Purpose: make EV more attractive to commuters
Method: offer 3 days free rental of a conventional car for every 1000 miles that they drive their EV
weaken: free rental并不能使销量上升？
Answer: B
A.Irrelevant
B.Correct
C.Irrelevant
D.Irrelevant
E.Irrelevant

(3)P: a native America camp was found near DC.
P:the camp dates from some time between 1605-1755
C:the camp probably dates to <=1630, since no Euro trade goods were found at the site and Euro traders were active in the region from >=1620’s
Strength:证明这个地方就是Euro trader出现的地方，否则没有很正常？
Answer: B
A.Weaken
B.Correct
C.Irrelevant
D.Irrelevant
E.Irrelevant

(4)BG: AE are a significant source of air pollution. Cars >5 years generate greater amounts of pollutants than new cars
BG: in T, most cars are >5 years
Purpose: boost T’s economy and reduce air pollution
Method: introduce incentives for T to scrap old cars every 5 years and replace them with new ones
Weaken:处理旧车的钱>新车赚的钱 or 生产新车会产生更多的pollutants
Answer: E
A.Irrelevant
B.Irrelevant
C.Irrelevant
D.Irrelevant
E.Correct

(5)F

W lay their eggs directly into the eggs of host insects in exactly the right numbers for any suitable size of host egg.
F:if too many eggs, the larvae would compete for nutrients and space
F:if too few eggs, portions of the host egg would decay, killing the larvae
must be true
Answer: A
A.Correct
B.Irrelevant
C.Irrelevant
D.Irrelevant
E.irrelevant

作者: spencerX 时间: 2012-5-20 22:46
【精练】
Premise: People with high blood pressure are generally more nervous and anxious than people who do not have high blood pressure.
Conclusion: Personality traits are likely to cause a person with these traits to develop high blood pressure.
Pre：错误地将两样东西因果联系起来
My answer：D

【逻辑链】
45. background：阻碍人们购买电气汽车的原因是主要汽车来上下班的人还需要额外的行驶。
Premise：Offer customers three days free rental of a conventional car for every 1,000 miles that they drive their electric vehicle
Conclusion：make electric vehicles more attractive to customers.
Pre: 使用电气汽车的人不会行使超过1000miles
Analysis：
A.   对前提本身的质疑不能weaken argument
B.   Correct. If the cost rises, then customers will not be attracted to buy the electronic vehicles.
C.   Irrelevant
D.   Irrelevant
E.   Irrelevant
46.
Background: Archaeologists in Michigan have excavated a Native American camp near Dumaw Creek. Radiocarbon dating of animal bones found at the site indicates that the camp dates from some time between 1605 and 1755.
Premise: No European trade goods were found at the site, and European traders were active in the region from the 1620's onward.
Conclusion: The camp probably dates to no later than 1630
Pre: The camp belongs to European；Other goods have been found in this area, and these goods can be proved to date at no later than 1630
A. Weaken the argument.
B. Correct. This answer provides another evidence to support the argument
C. Irrelevant
D. Irrelevant
E. Irrelevant
47.
Background：Automobile emissions are a significant source of air pollutants, and cars over five years old typically generate significantly greater amounts of pollutants than newer cars. In Torinia, which has recently built its first automobile manufacturing plant, most cars are over five years old.
Premise：the government plans to introduce incentives for Torinians to scrap their old cars every five years and replace them with new ones.
Conclusion: Boost Torinia's economy and reduce air pollution
Pre：although there is an incentive, people don’t want to buy new cars;
A. This is an opposite answer. If this answer choice is true, the strategy taken by the government is effective, and the argument will be strengthened.
B. Irrelevant
C. Irrelevant
D.Irrelevant
E. Correct
48.
Fact: 如果wasps在host egg里产了太多的egg，那么孵出来的wasps会减少；如果太少，那么就会腐蚀，wasps也会减少。
A. 因为产蛋的数量和host egg的大小完全相关，所以最小的host egg的大小可以通过wasps产蛋的习惯来推论
B. 不能推论出
C. 不能推论出
D. 不能推论出
E. 不能推论出

作者: baseboss 时间: 2012-5-25 19:28
1.
Presuem:
highblood presure people has the traits,but the people has the traits do not must has highblood presure.

(A) fails to define the term “hypertensive
personality”
-->irrelevant
(B) presupposes that people have permanent
personality traits
-->irrelevant
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a
“hypertensive personality” without
providing evidence to support that claim.
-->irrelevant
(D) takes a correlation between personality traits
and high blood pressure as proof that the
traits cause high blood pressure.
-->choice.
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only,
ignoring other personality traits that people
with high blood pressure might have
-->irrevelant.

2.
Electric vehicle can not afford extend trip.Producer want to rent normal car for free.
presume:
can not meet the occasional trip.
C B

3
Radiocarbon show the camp from 1605 to 1755.Camp has no trade in 1620‘s onward.so the camp will be no late than 1630.
presume:
NA
D B

4over 5 years car make more pollution than new one.
Goverment ask car plant to scrap old car more than 5 years.
presume:
scrap car is another pollution.
E

5 wasp need to put correct egg in the host egg.
B A

作者: 卖红薯a 时间: 2012-5-26 19:25
【精练】
1.
1) 计时：30s
2)逻辑链Situation
Premise: 1.ppl with high blood pressure are generally more nervous/ anxious than normal ppl 2.this particular combination of personality traits is called HP
Conclusion: HP may cause a person with these traits to develop high blood pressure
3)推测: 题中之义：ppl with high blood pressure→more nervous/anxious→called HP→may cause high blood pressure, 找相反
4)选项分析：选C
A. Opposite.
B. Irrelevant.
C. Right
D. Support.
E. Irrelevant.

45.
1)计时：37s
2)逻辑链Situation
Premise: 1.an inconvenience of EV is that they can’t afford occasional extended trips
2. a producer is offering customers 3 days free-rental of an EV for every 1,000m
Conclusion: in order to make EV more attractive
3)推测: even with the bargain, EV still can’t afford occasional extended trips
4)选项分析：选B
A. Irrelevant. the needs
B. Right
C. Support.
D. Irrelevant. environment
E. Irrelevant.

46.
1)计时：38s
2)逻辑链Situation
Premise: 1.archaeologists in Michigan excavated a native American C near DC
2.text the animal bone at that place shows that the C is from 1605-1755
3.but because no European trade goods were found at that place, where European traders were active from 1620’s onward.
Conclusion: so the camp dates before 1630
3)推测: 一致
4)选项分析：选E
A. Irrelevant.
B. Opposite.
C. Irrelevant. goods
D. Irrelevant. when European traders arrived
E. Right.

47.
1)计时：54s
2)逻辑链Situation
Premise: 1.automobile emissions are a source of air pollutants, 5+ yo cars generate more pollutants
2.in T’s 1st automobile plant, most cars are 5+.
3.the government plans to introduce incentives to scrap the old cars every 5 years and replace them with new ones.
Conclusion: in order to boost T’s economy and reduce air pollution
3)选项分析：选B
A. Support.
B. Right.
C. Irrelevant.
D. Opposite.
E. Support.

48.
1)计时：36s
2)逻辑链Situation
Premise: 1.parasite W lay their eggs into the eggs of host insects in exactly the right numbers for each suitable size of host egg.
Conclusion: If they laid too many, the larvae would compete to death; if they laid too few, portions of the host egg would decay, killing the larvae.
3)选项分析：选A
A. Right.
B. Irrelevant.
C. not mentioned.
D. not mentioned.
E. not mentioned.

作者: Threesu 时间: 2012-6-5 15:49
(A) fails to define the term “hypertensive
personality”
(B) presupposes that people have permanent
personality traits
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a
“hypertensive personality” without
providing evidence to support that claim.
(D) takes a correlation between personality traits
and high blood pressure as proof that the
traits cause high blood pressure.
(E) c

B: a major problem of electrical cars is that you need to charge it before using it and it takes time
P: a producer plan to solve this problem by offering free rental to customers per 1000 miles they drive cars.

(A) Many electric vehicles that are used for commercial purposes are not needed for extended trips.
(B) Because a majority of commuters drive at least 100 miles a week, the cost to the producer of making good the offer would add considerably to the already high price of electric vehicles.
(C) The relatively long time it takes to recharge the battery of an electric vehicle can easily be fitted into the regular patterns of car use characteristic of commuters.
(D) i
(E) Some family vehicles are used primarily not for commuting but for making short local trips, such as to do errands.

针对目标，选答案

B: find a camp for native amercians
P: date it no later than 1620 for no European commodities.

(A) Due to trade among Native Americans, some European trade goods would have reached the area before the European traders themselves did.
(B) At all camps in the region that have been reliably dated to the late 1620's, remains of European trade goods have been found.
(C) The first European trade goods to reach the area would have been considered especially valuable and preserved as much as possible from loss or destruction.
(D) The first European traders in the area followed soon after the first European explorers.
(E) The site is that of a temporary camp that would have been used seasonally for a few years and then abandoned.

B

作者: 二楼往下掉 时间: 2012-6-8 00:09
1.
（1）45s weaken
（2）逻辑链
Primes：
People with high blood pressure are generally more nervous and anxious than people who do not have high blood pressure.
Conclusion:
The combination of these traits is likely to cause a person with these traits to develop high blood pressure
（3）有很多人有这些traits但是也不high blood pressure
正确答案：D
我选的：E

2.
（1）42s weaken
（2）逻辑链
Background：
A major impediment to wide acceptance of electric vehicles even on the part of people who use their cars almost exclusively for commuting is the inability to use electric vehicles for occasional extended trips.
Primes：
one electric vehicle producer is planning to offer customers three days free rental of a conventional car for every 1,000 miles that they drive their electric vehicle.
Conclusion：
make purchasing electric vehicles more attractive to commuters
（3）降价会更实惠些
（4）A：电动车不适合长途旅行，生厂商是想要多卖出些车，不管顾客用这车做什么，loser
B：羊毛出在羊身上，contender
C：说明电动车好用，loser
D：电动车虽然零排放，但是充电会破坏环境，但环境问题不会影响消费者是否购买，loser
E：说明电动车还是可以满足一些人的需求的，loser
所以，选B

3.

（1）40s support
（2）逻辑链
Background：
Camp was found near DC
Primes：
Bones indicated that the camp between 1605~1755
No European trade goods were found at the site, and European traders were active in the region from the 1620's onward
Conclusion:
The camp no later than 1630
（4）A：证明了camp不会晚于1630年，contender
B：发现了E的商贸货物，证明这就是E人做生意时候用的，contender
C：第一个到达该区域的商人在想什么，loser
D：不能证明啥，loser
E：临时与不临时都没有时间限定，loser
A中的时间比较不好确定，但一定早于1620年；但B中camps和商贸货物被一起发现只能说是在1620年以后，但是否在1630年前不好说，所以选A
这道题的文章加题目看的都晕乎乎的。。。。

4.
（1）40s weaken
（2）逻辑链
Background：
Automobile emissions are a significant source of air pollutants, and cars over five years old typically generate significantly greater amounts of pollutants than newer cars.
In Torinia, which has recently built its first automobile manufacturing plant, most cars are over five years old.
Plan：
The government plans to introduce incentives for Torinians to scrap their old cars every five years and replace them with new ones.
Goal：
Boost Torinia's economy and reduce air pollution
（3）不想用旧车换新车，新车很贵
（4）A：不会再买个车，说明政府不太容易实现目标，contender
B：自己生产制造的车污染小，那人们会更不愿意换车，contender
C：跟出不出口没关系，loser
D：文章要讨论车排放污染这个问题，这里不说车了，扯远了，loser
E：制造业和scrap都会造成大量空气污染，这完全不能实现政府的两个目标，contender
注意，问题问的是那个选项削弱了计划的实施动机，所以选E

5.
（1）40s conclusion can be draw
（2）逻辑链
PW lay eggs in eggs of host insects exactly the right numbers for any suitable size of host eggs
<1>too many——compete with each other
<2>too few——host kill the larvae
（3）PW is clever
（4）A：没提到host的size的问题，loser
B：没有说到host insect的信息，loser
C：PW针对不同的host放不同数量的eggs，contender——同E，文中并没有说PW通过什么方式知道应该放多少eggs
D：没有比较多了和少了那个死的更快，loser
E：没有信息说PW怎么判断eggs的数量，loser
所以，选C

作者: jetyxo 时间: 2012-6-15 22:15
1 22''

remise: people whose blood pressure are high are more nervous and anxious than other people
conclusion: people with these traits are more likely to develop high blood pressure
vulnerable logic: high blood pressure --->will lead to more nervous and anxious
answer

----------------------------------------------------------
2 33'' background: extensive treval impediment use of electric cars
in order to encourage people to purchase electric cars, the electric cars producer provide free rental for every 1000 miles treval
weaken: few people use electric cars drive 1000miles
choices: A E both imply that electric cras owners ues their cars for short trip --->no need for long trival --->sales promotion
have no effect on these people
C D irrelevant
right answer: B sales promotion will increase the sell price--->fewer people to buy
-------------------------------------------------------
3 27'' background: radiocarbon dating of a camp indicate that the time is between 1603-1755;
American and European began trade at 1620'
premise: No trade good was found in that cramp ,so the camp date is no later than 1630
support: Native American wildly use the European goods in their life
C D Eirrelevant ; A means European goods emerge in American earlier than 1620's ,but if Native Americans didn't use them wildly ,we cann't deduce the camp date no later than 1630.
answer:B
---------------------------------------------------
4 27'' background:automobile emission accounts for lager portion of air pollution,and cars over five years generate more emissions
premise: in T city, in order to stimulate economy and reduce air pollution, goverment command cars over 5 years must be replace with new one
weaken:no effect on both stimulation and reduction
AB -support CD irrelevant ANSWER:E
--------------------------------------------------------------------
5 32" The number of eggs suitable to the size of host egg: too many-->competition too few---> rot
conclusion?
B C D E cann't deduce from the passage, so answer:A

作者: jiajiajudy 时间: 2012-6-29 03:15
第三题和第五题都挺模糊，没有想明白，怎么的思路呢
1. high blood pressure more nervous?Hyper? HBP
(A) irrelevant
(B) irrelevant
(C) no restate
D) takes a correlation between personality traits and high blood pressure as proof that the traits cause high blood pressure.
(E) irrelevant
2. BG: in ability to use EV
Premise: offer three days free rental of conventional care if they drive EV
(A) irrelevant
(B) Because a majority of commuters drive at least 100 miles a week, the cost to the producer of making good the offer would add considerably to the already high price of electric vehicles.
(C) strengthen
(D) irrelevant
(E) irrelevant
3. BG: NA camp excavated
Premise: camp dates between 1605-1755
No E trade goos were found, active in the region from 1620 ?no later than 1630
(A) Due to trade among Native Americans, some European trade goods would have reached the area before the European traders themselves did.
(B) weaken
(C) irrelevant
(D) irrelevant
(E) irrelevant
4. BG: AE are a source of air pollutants , Car over 5 years generate greater than new cars
Premise: T built its 1st AMP, most cars over 5 years
Scrap old care every five years replace with new car? economy, reduce pollution
(A) irrelevant
(B) no effect
(C) irrelevant
(D) irrlevant
(E) The manufacture and the scrapping of cars each generate significant amounts of air pollutants.
5. BG: Pw lay eggs in to various host insect in right numbers for suitable size
Premise: too many? wasp larvae compete
Too few? portion of host egg would decay, killing the wasp larvae

(A) irrelevant
(B) irrelevant
(C) Parasitic wasps learn from experience how many eggs to lay into the eggs of different host species.
(D) irrlevant
(E) no effect

作者: angelafeng 时间: 2012-6-29 17:47

【精练】
1. 33s
Premise：People with high blood pressure are generally more nervous and anxious than people who do not have high blood pressure.
Conclusion： this particular combination of personality traits—the so called hypertensive personality—is likely to cause a person with these traits to develop high blood pressure.
Prephrase：（flaw）
(A) fails to define the term “hypertensive
personality”---------------opposite
(B) presupposes that people have permanent
personality traits-------------permanent is not the argument’s issue
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a
“hypertensive personality” without
providing evidence to support that claim.--------------there is no need to prove the hypertensive personality.
(D) takes a correlation between personality traits
and high blood pressure as proof that the
traits cause high blood pressure.----------correct
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only,
ignoring other personality traits that people
with high blood pressure might have----------irrelevant

【逻辑链】
45. (33847-!-item-!-188;#058&007123)
38s
Background information: A major impediment to wide acceptance of electric vehicles even on the part of people who use their cars almost exclusively for commuting is the inability to use electric vehicles for occasional extended trips.
Premise : one electric vehicle producer is planning to offer customers three days free rental of a conventional car for every 1,000 miles that they drive their electric vehicle.
Conclusion: make purchasing electric vehicles more attractive to commuters,
prephrase: (weaken)
Answer:B

46. (33987-!-item-!-188;#058&007200)
33S
background information: Archaeologists in Michigan have excavated a Native American camp near Dumaw Creek. Radiocarbon dating of animal bones found at the site indicates that the camp dates from some time between 1605 and 1755.
Premise: no European trade goods were found at the site, and European traders were active in the region from the 1620's onward
Conclusion: the camp probably dates to no later than 1630.
prephrase: ( strengthen) the style of the native American camp like that of European.
answer: B

47. (34035-!-item-!-188;#058&007207)
44S
background information: Automobile emissions are a significant source of air pollutants, and cars over five years old typically generate significantly greater amounts of pollutants than newer cars. In Torinia, which has recently built its first automobile manufacturing plant, most cars are over five years old.
Premise: the government plans to introduce incentives for Torinians to scrap their old cars every five years and replace them with new ones.
Conclusion: boost Torinia's economy and reduce air pollution
Prephrase: (weaken) produce new car will generate more air pollutants than the old car.
answer:E

48. (34221-!-item-!-188;#058&007550)
35s
premise: Parasitic wasps lay their eggs directly into the eggs of various host insects in exactly the right numbers for any suitable size of host egg.
If they laid too many eggs in a host egg, the developing wasp larvae would compete with each other to the death for nutrients and space.
If too few eggs were laid, portions of the host egg would decay, killing the wasp larvae.
prephrase: (conclude)
Answer:C
(A) The size of the smallest host egg that a wasp could theoretically parasitize can be determined from the wasp's egg-laying behavior.
(B) Host insects lack any effective defenses against the form of predation practiced by parasitic wasps.
(C) Parasitic wasps learn from experience how many eggs to lay into the eggs of different host species.
(D) Failure to lay enough eggs would lead to the death of the developing wasp larvae more quickly than would laying too many eggs.
(E) Parasitic wasps use visual clues to calculate the size of a host egg.

文中说下蛋数量由合适的宿主蛋的大小决定。A中Behavior指得是wasp下蛋多或者少，因此与原文吻合。

作者: LuckyYolandaLi 时间: 2012-7-3 22:18
1.
1）计时：36s

2）逻辑链：

Background information:

Premise: People with high blood pressure are generally more
nervous and anxious than people who do not have
high blood pressure.

Conclusion: this particular combination of personality traits—the socalled hypertensive personality—is likely to cause a person with these traits to develop high blood pressure.

3）推测：The cause and the effect have been reversed.

4）选项分析：选D

2.
1）计时：65s

2）逻辑链：

Premise: A major impediment to wide acceptance of electric vehicles even on the part of people who use their cars almost exclusively for commuting is the inability to use electric vehicles for occasional extended trips.

Conclusion: In an attempt to make purchasing electric vehicles more attractive to commuters, one electric vehicle producer is planning to offer customers three days free rental of a conventional car for every 1,000 miles that they drive their electric vehicle.

3）推测：People have occasional extended trips sporadically.

4）选项分析：选B

A: Irrelevant.

B: Correct.

C: 是Counteractive吗。。。没看懂。。。

D: Irrelevant. It only points out the advantage of using electric vehicle, but it has nothing to do with the conclusion.

E: Irrelevant.

3.
1）计时：49s

2）逻辑链：

Background information: Archaeologists in Michigan have excavated a Native American camp near Dumaw Creek. Radiocarbon dating of animal bones found at the site indicates that the camp dates from some time between 1605 and 1755.

Premise: no European trade goods were found at the site, and European traders were active in the region from the 1620's onward.

Conclusion: the camp probably dates to no later than 1630

3）推测：If the camp dates to later than 1630, some European trade goods would be found.

4）选项分析：选C（正确答案：B）

C: Correct.

D: Irrelevant.

E: Irrelevant.

4.
1）计时：50s

2）逻辑链：

Background information: Automobile emissions are a significant source of air pollutants, and cars over five years old typically generate significantly greater amounts of pollutants than newer cars.

Premise: In Torinia, which has recently built its first automobile manufacturing plant, most cars are over five years old.

Conclusion: Aiming to boost Torinia's economy and reduce air pollution, the government plans to introduce incentives for Torinians to scrap their old cars every five years and replace them with new ones.

3）推测：。。。

4）选项分析：选E

D: 刚开始选了这个。。。结论中不涉及到plants

E: Correct.

5.
1）计时：45s

2）逻辑链：

Background information: Parasitic wasps lay their eggs directly into the eggs of various host insects in exactly the right numbers for any suitable size of host egg.

Premise: If they laid too many eggs in a host egg, the developing wasp larvae would compete with each other to the death for nutrients and space. If too few eggs were laid, portions of the host egg would decay, killing the wasp larvae.

3）推测：。。。

4）选项分析：选C（正确答案：A）

A: Egg-laying behavior——Irrelevant.

B: defenses——Irrelevant.

C: Correct.

D: more quickly——Irrelevant.

E: visual——Irrelevant.

作者: cleotina 时间: 2012-7-5 01:27
1-12
7.4

45''
vulnerable
B:people with high blood presure are genetally more nervous and anxious than people who do not.
P:a anxious and nervous people tend to develop high blood presure
guess: a lead to B , but B can not lead to a
OA : C
AB: Irrelevant
DE: strong
（敢再2一些么？连题目要求是什么都没看清不是vulnerable, 是vulnerable Criticism）

50''
treaten the proposal
B: the impediment to wide acceptance of the electric vehiclea are it can not support extende trips.
S: the company will offer a 3day free rental for every 1000 miles that they drive their electric vehicles
Guess:1 three day is too short; 2 1000 is too much for the daily commute
to use a rent car to a long trip is dengerous
OA : C
A: irrelevant
B: suspicious, but it is a topic about coast, the conslusion is focus on convenient.
D: Irrelevant
E: weaken the background
（错了，因为没有正确理解选项C的意思，又比较犹豫B）

35''
strong
B: a site is found in a place, with some tools. and be dated the at 1605-1755
P: the tools is from place B, since B conmmunicate with A after 1920's
C: the site is after 1930
Guess: more proof to prove the infer. such as other things also found and which is definitely after 1930
OA:B
A:weaken
Others: irrelevant

52''
weaken
B: car be used over five years will discharge more exhaust than new cars
C: in order to improve the ecomomic and district the exhaust, advocate each car older than 5 should be replace
guess: the dispose the used the car will eliminate more pollute material than use longer, and if use a car for a long time will impede the economy develop
OA: E
A: strong
others: Irrelevant

40''
conclusion
B: 1, wasps lay eggs in other kind insect's nest, but in order to safe, it have to lay a proper number of eggs
R: too many, will lead to death since competition too few, part of the host egg will decay, killing the wasp's
guess:Casp will know how many should to lay
OA:C
(预测错了，不过该题答案还是挺意外的，发散思维不够是再琢磨)

作者: Donts 时间: 2012-7-16 09:45
1.计时47''premises:high blood pression-->more anxious and nervous.
conclusion:this combination of personality traits are more likely to cause high blood pressure.
(A) fails to define the term “hypertensive personality”
(B) presupposes that people have permanent personality traits
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a“hypertensive personality” without providing evidence to support that claim.
(D) takes a correlation between personality traitsand high blood pressure as proof that the traits cause high blood pressure.
正确。
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only,ignoring other personality traits that people with high blood pressure might have

选择D
总结：This answer choice describes a classic error of causality: two events occurring
simultaneously are mistakenly interpreted to be in a causal relationship. 攻击点有点像因果型削弱里的答案们。

作者: wanggang0411 时间: 2012-8-20 23:55
1 33
Premise: People with high blood pressure are more nervous than people without it.
Conclusion: Hypertensive causes high blood presuure.
Weaken: Take a correlation between hypertensive and blood presure as proof that there is a causality.

2 more than 3 minutes
Premise: The inability of electric vehicles for extended trips impedes the acceptance of electric vehicle.
Plan: The electic vehicle producer plans to offer free rental of the conventional vehicle for every 1000 miles that comsumers drive their electric vehicle.
Weaken:
1. The plan of the argument assums that three days is quite enough for the period of extened tripes taken by commuters, and that those extended trips happend approximately only one time per 1000 miles commuting.
But if the extened tripes occupy more than three days such as one weaks or even more like one month, the tree days free rental is not sufficient to meet this requirement. Similarly, if people need to take extened trips more frequently, the offer provided by producer is still not attractive and even inconvenience.
Based on the points discussed above, the producer need to inverstigate the requirement of commuters more accruately to establish a more reasonable offer.

Answer B: This answer chioce focuses on the cost of the offer, which will offset the profit of producer.

3 40
Premise: A camp dates between 1605 and 1755
Premise: No European trade goods were found.
Premise: European traders were active in the region from the 1620's onward.
Conclusion: The camp probably dates no later than 1630.
Support: 1. Support the premises by the evidence that European traders and relevant activities have been found before 1630.

Answer A: some European trade goods have reached the region before European traders themself, which means the camp maybe much earlier than 1630.

4 43
Premise: Old cars genenrate greater amounts of pollutans than new cars.
Premise: T built a new car manufacture and have lots of old cars.
Conclusion: The planed incentives that scrap the old car with new one will both eliminate the air polutants and boost T's economy.
Undermines the likelihood of double achiviements:
Because there are three factors in this argument such as government incentives, manufacturing plant and air pollutans, so a possible counterproductive implementation would be that although provide a good compensation for citizen who replace their old cars, the cars manufactured by the new plant generate more air pollutant than 5 years old cars, and the quality is also worse, so most of citizen refuese to replace their old cars.

Answer E: this answer choice undermins one part of cited aims that the manufacture and the scrap of cars generate air pollutants.

5 51
Causality A: Too many eggs cause the death.
Causality B: Too few eggs cause the death.
Must be true:
Any answer chioce including new information is a incorrect answer.
Any answer chioce establishing mistaken reversal or mistaken negation is a incorrect answer.
ABDE are irrelavent answers

作者: chengzaaaa 时间: 2012-8-29 08:58
1.
1)19”weaken
2)high BP person is more nervous and anxious than normal BP person.
People with hypertensive personality are likely to develop high BP.
3)reverse the cause and effect
4)D
5)A. they did identify
B.is not about permanent or not
C.prove this or not prove is okay
D. correct. The correlation is not a proof that the traits causes high BP
E.other traits is irrelevant

45.
1)40”weaken
2)electric cars can’t do long trips.
To make them more attractive, plan is to offer free rental of old cars for every 1000 miles of electric cars.
3)take long time for electric cars to make 1000miles
E B

46.
1)29”strengthen
2)found a camp. Animal bones says that the camp is 1605 to 1755.
No EU goods were found and EU trade was active there from 1620’s onwards. So the site is no later than 1630.
3)
A B

47.
1)36”weaken
2)cars older than 5 produce more pollutants than newer cars. T just built a car produce plant.
T tries to boost econ and reduce pollution, make incentives for Ters to replace old cars to replace new ones every 5 years.
3)not all Ters can afford.
D E

48.
1)31”conclusion
2)PW lay eggs in host eggs in exact the right number.
If too many eggs, then they compete with each other for nutrients and space.
If too few, part of host egg would decay, killing the larvae.
3)
C A

太惨败了。。。
谢谢lz。。。

作者: srafcatt 时间: 2012-10-10 10:05
今天的目标：不许因为误解句子的意思做错题。
精炼：46s weaken
BG

wHBP---mN&A
reasoning

wT---dHBP
People with these traits is likely to have high blood pressure during a short time then as they calm down,the blood pressure return to a relatively normal level.
choice:E
A even if the defination is given,it is not necessarily that the argument will go wrong.
B irrelevant
C so what,strenghten the argument?
D this information is against the fact
E correct
逻辑链
1.49s weaken
BG：an obstacle to enlarge the buyers of electric vehicles is some car owners use cars as unique commuting instruments.
premise:use "free rental" for driving cars three days as an incentive
conclusion:those kind of people will buy electric vehicles.
use cars as an incentive? Ridiculous.
choice:B
A irrelevant
B correct
C irrelevant
D irrelevant
E irrelevant
2.32s strenghten
camp might be from time 1605-1755
probably before 1630
because:no E trade goods found which is active from 1620s
those goods can be protected by the soil perfectly
choice:A
A correct
B against the facts
C irrelevant
D irrelevant
E weaken
3.39s weaken
cars are pollutant sources
plan:scraping old cars encouraged
conclusion boost eco and decline the amount of pollutant
the new one consume higher-priced oil
choice:E
A strenghten
B strenghten
C irrelevant
D against the fact
E correct
4.51s
parasitic wasps lay eggs on host insects
premise:too few eggs----death
too many eggs ----death
conclusion:
must be suitable
choice:C
A irrelevant
B irrelevant
C correct
D useless conclusion
E irrelevant

作者: srafcatt 时间: 2012-10-10 10:23
纠错：
精炼：本题的错误类型叫：强加因果。
(D) takes a correlation between personality traits
and high blood pressure as proof that the
traits cause high blood pressure.
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only,
ignoring other personality traits that people
with high blood pressure might have

再次强调一下如何排除无关原文的选项：1.非常突兀的提出了一个貌似符合要求的信息，此信息与原文默认真实的信息完全没有关系。
2.逻辑链中的错误或加强或削弱等等一定要针对此逻辑展开讨论，不要总是一味寻找没有谈到的信息。很多时候（在逻辑题里），错误的原因是推理本身的问题，而不是speaker刻意隐瞒真实信息。
选D

逻辑链第二题
A说在trader来之前一些欧洲的货物就已经到达了，没说，干掉。
B说在camp里（注意这个对camp的修饰，如果所说camp和原文的camp没关系，这个选项就是无关答案了，但这个选项的时间和原文有关系），有一些欧洲的货物，这个选项整体谈的就是camp和欧洲那帮trader之间的关系，与原文所谈关系类似，留着。
C说第一批欧洲货被认为是很珍贵的并且尽可能避免被破坏，没说过，干掉。
D说第一批trader是紧随着第一批探索者之后就来的，没说过，干掉。
E说原文所说的那个地方用了几年后就被放弃了，原文没说过类似内容，干掉

A说在trader来之前一些欧洲的货物就已经到达了，没说，干掉。
B说在camp里（注意这个对camp的修饰，如果所说camp和原文的camp没关系，这个选项就是无关答案了，但这个选项的时间和原文有关系），有一些欧洲的货物，这个选项整体谈的就是camp和欧洲那帮trader之间的关系，与原文所谈关系类似，留着。
C说第一批欧洲货被认为是很珍贵的并且尽可能避免被破坏，没说过，干掉。
D说第一批trader是紧随着第一批探索者之后就来的，没说过，干掉。
E说原文所说的那个地方用了几年后就被放弃了，原文没说过类似内容，干掉

作者: ElenW 时间: 2012-10-11 09:47
精练1(37's)
pre:high blood pressure peopleare generally more nervous and anxious than people who do not
con:the socalled hypertensive personality is likely to cause a
person with these traits to develop high blood
pressure.
(weaken)
Pre:患了高血压的人总体上比没有患的人要容易紧张和不安,这是因为他们患了高血压后血压容易升高而引起的,并不是仅仅就和个人性格相联系.太牵强了
Ans

就好比是 P君有糖尿病 P君喜欢吃糖-->因为P君爱吃糖所以P有糖尿病这不是一定就成立的,还有可能是什么基因啊遗传啊之类产生的.
A-irrelevant-----应该是opposite answer
B-这个答案带入题中就又会被人攻击------- 应该是not an issue
C-not the issue-----Remember, the focus is not on the premises but where the author goes with the argument once a premise is created
E-irrelevant
对C.E选项的解释不太明白求指点!!!!!
逻辑链
45(49'3)
Bg:A major impediment to wide acceptance of electric vehicles even on the part of people who use their cars almost exclusively for commuting is the inability to use electric vehicles for occasional extended trips.
pre

ne electric vehicle producer is planning to offer customers three days free rental of a conventional car for every 1,000 miles that they drive their electric vehicle
(weaken)
Pre:For those people who are the inability to use electric vehicle for occasional extended trips ,they need a long term and cheap rent .Because they are unable to buy one .The 3 days free rent is not enough .
Ans:B (觉得这个答案最合适可是怎么和我的思路不一样啊~~~~怎么思路又出问题了......为什么没有注意到1,000这个数字和commute的关系........)
A--文中已经明确说了这个可能性了,不能反驳条件
C-No impact
D-恰恰相反
E-support
46(35'8)
Bg:Archaeologists in Michigan have excavated a Native American camp near Dumaw Creek which readiocarbon dates from some time between 1605 &1775
pre:since no European trade goods were found at the site, and European traders were active in the region from the 1620's onward.
con: the camp probably dates to no later than 1630
(strengthen)
Pre:没有思路猜的
Ans:A 看看解释

作者: hanhan1991 时间: 2012-11-23 19:40
1.weaken
1)time:24s/51''
2)logical lines
people with highblood pressure are more nervous and anxious->these sense cause people have high blood pressure.
3)prediction:
it is high blood pressure that causes people nervius, the premise and conclusion in the argument are reversed.
4)Answer

2.weaken
1)time:42s/1''56'
2)logical lines:
electric vehicles can not be used for long-distance travel.
to attract more people use the electric cars->provide a free rental of ordinary cars to those who drive electric cars enough long.
3)Prediction:
the producer's strategy can not attract more people to use electric cars for the electric cars can not afford their daily commut distance.
4）answer:B
if the cost of the car are higher than in the past, it will not attract customers at all.

3.strenghten
1)time:1''06'/1''45'
2)logcal lines:
no European goods found in the newly excavated sites and trade begin in 1620 onwards->the site should be dated no later than 1930
3)Predication:
any other site dating later than 1630 all found European goods in it.
4)answer:B

4.weaken
1)time:37'/1''13'
2)logcal lines:
old cars produce more pollutant than new cars do
to stimulate the city's economy and reduce the pollutant->replace old cars with new ones.
3)replace old cars may produce more pollutants thus can not achieve its goal
4)answer:E

5.must be true
1)time:35'/
2)logical lines:
wasps lay their egg in exactly the right numbers based on the size of host eggs.
if lay too much, the wasp larvae will compete with each other
if lay too little, the host eggs will kill the larvae
3)Predication:
if the size of host eggs is large, wasps lay more eggs and vice visar.
4)answer:A

作者: deniseya 时间: 2013-1-12 22:41
1.原因结果
Time:30''/1'20''

P:people with high blood pressure tend to be anxious.

C:anxiouty causes high blood pressure

Guess:

Answer

2.侧面的威胁
Time:2'05''

P:电动车不能长途是它推广的主要障碍

C:电动车生产商打算顾客每骑1000米电动车就免费租三天汽车给他们

Guess:三天汽车也满足不了顾客

Answer:E-顾客主要做旅行用

（是B,因为顾客每周开100miles，生产商为了租用这个汽车要把成本加到顾客身上，所以涨价，所以太贵，所以不买。）

3.同例支持
Time:1'25''

P:没找到欧洲的货物，

C:说明它追溯到在欧洲贸易到达这里之前

Guess:

Answer:C-所以这里没找到就是没有
（B其他地方找到了就都是这个时间段的……C的话仔细想想是不对的，后面一直都在用不可能丢掉啊，干吗一定要保存第一个我去……）

4.另一种原因
Time:1’36''

P:车每到五年污染就会大量增多

C:强制每五年换一次新车

Guess:

Answer:E-制造这种车特污染，每5年换新的就要制造新车，大量污染

5.
Time:1'30''

P:W把蛋产到别的昆虫的窝里并且产跟该昆虫应产卵数量吻合的蛋

C:

Guess:W知道每种昆虫该产多少蛋

Answer:C-W从经验中习得究竟哪种昆虫该产多少蛋。
（我去再看一遍看懂了，竟然是下在蛋里面的！！就是蛋中蛋嘛！那显然不用计数了，只要确定自己的蛋比被寄生的蛋小就行了太慌张了我去……A是通过观察W的产卵行为我们可以知道它们能侵染的蛋的最小体积）

作者: zxppx 时间: 2013-1-13 11:16

1. People with high blood pressure are generally more
nervous and anxious than people who do not have
high blood pressure. This fact show that this
particular combination of personality traits—the so called
hypertensive personality—is likely to cause a
person with these traits to develop high blood
pressure.

The irrational line of reasoning is that HP and HBP share some similarities characteristics, the former cased the later. But no evidence provided by the passage can demonstrate the causal relationship.
The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to
criticism on the grounds that the argument

(A) fails to define the term “hypertensive
personality”

There is a definition of the hypertensive personality.
(B) presupposes that people have permanent
personality traits

Not referred.
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a
“hypertensive personality” without
providing evidence to support that claim.

Why should the author provide evidence to support that claim?
(D) takes a correlation between personality traits
and high blood pressure as proof that the
traits cause high blood pressure.

Yes! Since hypertensive personality has some similarities with the symptoms about high blood pressure, the author inaccurately assumes that the personality causes the illness. BA
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only,
ignoring other personality traits that people
with high blood pressure might have

Other personality traits are out of the scope of the argument.

45. (33847-!-item-!-188;#058&007123)
A major impediment to wide acceptance of electric vehicles even on the part of people who use their cars almost exclusively for commuting is the inability to use electric vehicles for occasional extended trips. In an attempt to make purchasing electric vehicles more attractive to commuters, one electric vehicle producer is planning to offer customers three days free rental of a conventional car for every 1,000 miles that they drive their electric vehicle.
Which of the following, if true, most threatens the plan's prospects for success?

(A) Many electric vehicles that are used for commercial purposes are not needed for extended trips.

Commercial purposes are out of scope of the argument.
(B) Because a majority of commuters drive at least 100 miles a week, the cost to the producer of making good the offer would add considerably to the already high price of electric vehicles.

Although it seems irrelevant to the argument, it does points out a weakness in the argument. If the cost to the producer is too high, the plan will be less valid. BA

it will make the electric vehicles even more expensive than they already are (= worse)
(C) The relatively long time it takes to recharge the battery of an electric vehicle can easily be fitted into the regular patterns of car use characteristic of commuters.

Actually, this choice strengthens the argument, rather than weakens.
(D) Although electric vehicles are essentially emission-free in actual use, generating the electricity necessary for charging an electric vehicle's battery can burden the environment.

Environment is not relevant.
(E) Some family vehicles are used primarily not for commuting but for making short local trips, such as to do errands.

Some family vehicles are not representative.

46. (33987-!-item-!-188;#058&007200)
Archaeologists in Michigan have excavated a Native American camp near Dumaw Creek. Radiocarbon dating of animal bones found at the site indicates that the camp dates from sometime between 1605 and 1755. However, the camp probably dates to no later than 1630, since no European trade goods were found at the site, and European traders were active in the region from the 1620's onward.

The logical line of the reasoning is that since the bones indicates the camp dates from sometime between 1605 and 1755, and no goods from European trade which was active from the 1620’s onward were found at the site, the camp probably dates to no later than 1630.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

(A) Due to trade among Native Americans, some European trade goods would have reached the area before the European traders themselves did.

Because there were no European trade goods at the site, the choice referring to those goods cannot help to strengthen the argument.
(B) At all camps in the region that have been reliably dated to the late 1620's, remains of European trade goods have been found.

Since all camps that have been dated to the late 1620’s have European trade goods, the camp without those goods should be dated to not later than 1630. BA
(C) The first European trade goods to reach the area would have been considered especially valuable and preserved as much as possible from loss or destruction.

It still cannot strengthen the argument.

'the first european trade goods to reach the area' may not have reached this particular camp. It is an important assumption!
(D) The first European traders in the area followed soon after the first European explorers.

The first European explorers are out of the scope of the argument.
(E) The site is that of a temporary camp that would have been used seasonally for a few years and then abandoned.

The usage of the site is irrelevant to strengthen the argument.

47. (34035-!-item-!-188;#058&007207)
Automobile emissions are a significant source of air pollutants, and cars over five years old typically generate significantly greater amounts of pollutants than newer cars. In Torinia, which has recently built its first automobile manufacturing plant, most cars are over five years old. Aiming to boost Torinia's economy and reduce air pollution, the government plans to introduce incentives for Torinians to scrap their old cars every five years and replace them with new ones.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the likelihood that the planned incentives, if implemented, will achieve both of the cited aims?

(A) Without the implementation of the planned incentives, most Torinians who own an old car would be unlikely to buy a new car.

It does strengthen the argument, rather than weaken.
(B) Torinia's automobile plant manufactures car models that typically generate smaller amounts of air pollutants than most similarly sized car models manufactured elsewhere.

The same to A.
(C) The new cars produced in Torinia are not likely to be exported to other countries.

Export is irrelevant to the argument, since the purpose is to boost Torinia’s economy and reduce air pollution.
(D) The largest source of atmospheric pollutants in Torinia is not automobile emissions, but emissions from power plants.

It seems to be a contender, but a more thorough analysis reveals that even though the automobile emissions are not the largest source of atmospheric pollutants, the proposal will still be efficient to reduce the air pollutants.
(E) The manufacture and the scrapping of cars each generate significant amounts of air pollutants.

In this case, the proposal will be heavily weakened. BA

48. (34221-!-item-!-188;#058&007550)
Parasitic wasps lay their eggs directly into the eggs of various host insects in exactly the right numbers for any suitable size of host egg. If they laid too many eggs in a host egg, the developing wasp larvae would compete with each other to the death for nutrients and space. If too few eggs were laid, portions of the host egg would decay, killing the wasp larvae.
Which of the following conclusions can properly be drawn from the information above?

(A) The size of the smallest host egg that a wasp could theoretically parasitize can be determined from the wasp's egg-laying behavior.

If it is untrue, the parasitic wasps cannot produce suitable population of eggs, thus weakening the first sentence in the argument. BA
(B) Host insects lack any effective defenses against the form of predation practiced by parasitic wasps.

We cannot infer this from the argument provided.
(C) Parasitic wasps learn from experience how many eggs to lay into the eggs of different host species.

Learning is not referred in the argument.
(D) Failure to lay enough eggs would lead to the death of the developing wasp larvae more quickly than would laying too many eggs.

The speeds between these two are not referred.
(E) Parasitic wasps use visual clues to calculate the size of a host egg.

Visual clues are out of the scope of the argument.

作者: CD用户825193 时间: 2013-1-15 21:22
标题: Daily CR-12_2013-01-15
【昨儿个5题错了3个

今儿都对了

哈哈~ 八过感觉速度还是不行，还是要加强阅读的功力；还有一些细节没有读到位，比如有的错误选项虽然木有选，但是其实不是因为正确的原因。。仍然是阅读的能力。赶脚阅读就是大楼的地基啊，扎实，一定要扎实。好吧，为瞭联系阅读，我去看看苏珊米勒讲滴俺介个月滴zodiac sign滴情况哈：http://www.astrologyzone.com/forecasts/monthly/pisces_full.php】

1. People with high blood pressure are generally more
nervous and anxious than people who do not have
high blood pressure. This fact show that this
particular combination of personality traits—the socalled
hypertensive personality—is likely to cause a
person with these traits to develop high blood
pressure.
The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to
criticism on the grounds that the argument
----------Cause and Effect Problems

30" (Weak)
P: Ppl have high blood pressure problem trend to get anxious/stressed more easily.
C: Ppl who have traits to get anxious easily tend to have higher possibility to get high blood pressure.
Pre: A->B ≠ B->A

Answers:(A) fails to define the term “hypertensive
personality”
the argument does define it
(B) presupposes that people have permanent
personality traits
~~it is a presume~~
if the personality traits r permanent or not is not the issue
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a
“hypertensive personality” without
providing evidence to support that claim.
the point is not about the personality, but the cause and ~~result~~ effect relationship
(D) takes a correlation between personality traits
and high blood pressure as proof that the
traits cause high blood pressure.
CORRECT?
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only,
ignoring other personality traits that people
with high blood pressure might have

it's not about more personalities, but the cause or how does the author proofs the relationship

45. (33847-!-item-!-188;#058&007123)
A major impediment to wide acceptance of electric vehicles even on the part of people who use their cars almost exclusively for commuting is the inability to use electric vehicles for occasional extended trips. In an attempt to make purchasing electric vehicles more attractive to commuters, one electric vehicle producer is planning to offer customers three days free rental of a conventional car for every 1,000 miles that they drive their electric vehicle.
Which of the following, if true, most threatens the plan's prospects for success?

49+21" (Weak)
P: ppl who drive cars exclusively don't quite accept electric vehicle for occasionally long distance trip
P: producer offers 3 days free rental (of normal cars??) for every 1000 miles driving of electric vehicle.
C: it'll bring better sales
Pre: ppl may feel better driving cars with comparison with the electric vehicle right after.

Answers:
(A) Many electric vehicles that are used for commercial purposes are not needed for extended trips.
this point is mentioned, but not the reason to harm the sales strategy
(B) Because a majority of commuters drive at least 100 miles a week, the cost to the producer of making good the offer would add considerably to the already high price of electric vehicles.
?
(C) The relatively long time it takes to recharge the battery of an electric vehicle can easily be fitted into the regular patterns of car use characteristic of commuters.
nothing mentioned about the offer
(D) Although electric vehicles are essentially emission-free in actual use, generating the electricity necessary for charging an electric vehicle's battery can burden the environment.
irrelevant to the offer
(E) Some family vehicles are used primarily not for commuting but for making short local trips, such as to do errands.
this might support the offer, not to harm it.

46. (33987-!-item-!-188;#058&007200)
Archaeologists in Michigan have excavated a Native American camp near Dumaw Creek. Radiocarbon dating of animal bones found at the site indicates that the camp dates from some time between 1605 and 1755. However, the camp probably dates to no later than 1630, since no European trade goods were found at the site, and European traders were active in the region from the 1620's onward.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

41" (Support)
P: Carbon shows the newly evacated camp was dated between 1605 an 1755
P: no tools? found in that area, and tools? only existed 1620 onwards
C: the date shall be ealier than 1630
Pre: other evidence shows that after 1620 the ppl did use the tools? -> eliminate the possibility that the tools? never existed before or after 1620

Answers:
(A) Due to trade among Native Americans, some European trade goods would have reached the area before the European traders themselves did.
like this there should be some goods found with the camp
(B) At all camps in the region that have been reliably dated to the late 1620's, remains of European trade goods have been found.
? shows that the goods were there after the first trade time
(C) The first European trade goods to reach the area would have been considered especially valuable and preserved as much as possible from loss or destruction.
how valuable the goods r doesn't help the argument
(D) The first European traders in the area followed soon after the first European explorers.
irrelevant, the argument is nothing about the explorers
(E) The site is that of a temporary camp that would have been used seasonally for a few years and then abandoned.
nothing about the timelines

47. (34035-!-item-!-188;#058&007207)
Automobile emissions are a significant source of air pollutants, and cars over five years old typically generate significantly greater amounts of pollutants than newer cars. In Torinia, which has recently built its first automobile manufacturing plant, most cars are over five years old. Aiming to boost Torinia's economy and reduce air pollution, the government plans to introduce incentives for Torinians to scrap their old cars every five years and replace them with new ones.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the likelihood that the planned incentives, if implemented, will achieve both of the cited aims?

44" (Weak)
P: more than five years used cars generate more pollutants
P: there's a newly set up car manufacture plant
P: introduce incentives to let ppl change the cars after used five yrs, to buy new cars from the plant
C: will benefit both the environment and the new car plant
Pre: 1. more ppl will use cars -> more pollution
2. ...

Answers:
(A) Without the implementation of the planned incentives, most Torinians who own an old car would be unlikely to buy a new car.
makes the plan more practical and meaningful
(B) Torinia's automobile plant manufactures car models that typically generate smaller amounts of air pollutants than most similarly sized car models manufactured elsewhere.
support
(C) The new cars produced in Torinia are not likely to be exported to other countries.
irrelevant, it's about inside the country
(D) The largest source of atmospheric pollutants in Torinia is not automobile emissions, but emissions from power plants.
the power plants r not the issue
(E) The manufacture and the scrapping of cars each generate significant amounts of air pollutants.
CORRECT, if manufacuture also generate lots air pollutants, encourage more production will still make the air polluted as before.

48. (34221-!-item-!-188;#058&007550)
Parasitic wasps lay their eggs directly into the eggs of various host insects in exactly the right numbers for any suitable size of host egg. If they laid too many eggs in a host egg, the developing wasp larvae would compete with each other to the death for nutrients and space. If too few eggs were laid, portions of the host egg would decay, killing the wasp larvae.
Which of the following conclusions can properly be drawn from the information above?

50" (conclusion)
P: P lay their eggs into the egg of the host insect in exact the right numbers according to the host egg size
P: too many -> competition of larvae for nutrients and space -> many die; too few -> the host egg decay -> many larvaes die

Pre: C: P have some special way to measure the host egg size?

r able to control how many eggs to lay every time?

Answers:
(A) The size of the smallest host egg that a wasp could theoretically parasitize can be determined from the wasp's egg-laying behavior.
~~? not from the behavior, but from the numbers~~
(B) Host insects lack any effective defenses against the form of predation practiced by parasitic wasps.
defenses r not mentioned
(C) Parasitic wasps learn from experience how many eggs to lay into the eggs of different host species.
nothing shows how P learn the skill...
(D) Failure to lay enough eggs would lead to the death of the developing wasp larvae more quickly than would laying too many eggs.
which failure is worse can not be concluded from the fact
(E) Parasitic wasps use visual clues to calculate the size of a host egg.
it's possible but no clue shows that.

作者: pennyz 时间: 2013-2-14 23:17
premise:people with high b p more nervous and anxious
conclusion:peole with certain traits(nervous and anxious) more likely to develop h b p
weaken:the connection between traits and disease is not clear

(A) fails to define the term “hypertensive
personality”---------actally it defines the term
(B) presupposes that people have permanent
personality traits-------?
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a
“hypertensive personality” without
providing evidence to support that claim.----give evidence in advance
(D) takes a correlation between personality traits
and high blood pressure as proof that the
traits cause high blood pressure.-------correct
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only,
ignoring other personality traits that people
with high blood pressure might have-------irrelevant

作者: pennyz 时间: 2013-2-14 23:37
1:27s
d
premise:people with high b p more nervous and anxious
conclusion:peole with certain traits(nervous and anxious) more likely to develop h b p
weaken:the connection between traits and disease is not clear

(A) fails to define the term “hypertensive
personality”---------actally it defines the term
(B) presupposes that people have permanent
personality traits-------?
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a
“hypertensive personality” without
providing evidence to support that claim.----give evidence in advance
(D) takes a correlation between personality traits
and high blood pressure as proof that the
traits cause high blood pressure.-------correct
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only,
ignoring other personality traits that people
with high blood pressure might have-------irrelevant
2:30s
premise

ffer 3 days free rental for person who cover1000 miles
conclusion:to make el car more attractive
rephrase:?
e
1:56support
premise:no euro trade were found in camp
euro came 1620s
conclusion:camp no more than 1630s
rephrase:they all trade with euro
b
1:34
conclusion:car >5 y pollute more than new cars
premise:incentive to scrap old cars and buy new ones
conclusion:boost economy and eliminate pollution
E

1:52
a
proper egg for size of host egg
more--->compete,death
less--->decay ,death

作者: 纽约我爱你 时间: 2013-4-4 23:38

1~40s

Premise: people who have high blood pressure are more likely to be nervous.

Conclusion: people with the PT is more likely to have high blood pressure

Weaken: it doesn’t mean that nervous people are more likely to have high blood pressure

Answer: D 1’08’’

2~57s

Premise: 1.people don’t like to use electricity car because they can’t use it for long distance when ever they want

2. the company offer 3-day free rental car for people per 1000 meters by electricity car

Conclusion: people will use electricity car

Weaken: people prefer to use cars immediately

Answer: A 1’20’’

正解：B

A的话还要再推一步：一般用电动车都不远——要攒很长时间——不愿意用

3~31s

Premise: 1.the place was dated at 1605~1755

2.some E are found at the place(no E was found!)

3. the E were active from 1620

Conclusion: the place is dated no later that 1630

Support: the E hasn’t been there after 1630

Answer: A 1’10’’

正解：B

注意看题啊妞儿！no能看成some我也真是服了你了……orz

4~48s

Premise: 1.old cars will make air pollution

2.the city forces people to replace they cars over 5 years old with new cars

Conclusion: the environment and economy of the city will be improved

Weaken: the discarded old cars will cost a lot money to deal with and they will release pollution

Answer: E 1’10’’

5~37s

Premise: the wasp lays eggs in the host’s egg.

If too many, all will die.

If too few, the host will kill the wasp’s egg

Answer: A 1’00’’

最大的问题还是看不懂题啊啊啊，背单词！

作者: Feelalive 时间: 2013-7-12 00:01
feelalive到此一游~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

作者: Elisha728 时间: 2013-8-31 19:09
7'58'
DBBED

作者: Elisha728 时间: 2013-8-31 19:14
The last question is a "must be true" question,D could not be determined from the passage & only A can. so A is correct.

作者: Elisha728 时间: 2013-9-1 12:00
48. (34221-!-item-!-188;#058&007550)
Parasitic wasps lay their eggs directly into the eggs of various host insects in exactly the right numbers for any suitable size of host egg. If they laid too many eggs in a host egg, the developing wasp larvae would compete with each other to the death for nutrients and space. If too few eggs were laid, portions of the host egg would decay, killing the wasp larvae.
Which of the following conclusions can properly be drawn from the information above?

(A) The size of the smallest host egg that a wasp could theoretically parasitize can be determined from the wasp's egg-laying behavior.
(B) Host insects lack any effective defenses against the form of predation practiced by parasitic wasps. Not necessarily true
(C) Parasitic wasps learn from experience how many eggs to lay into the eggs of different host species. Not necessarily true
(D) Failure to lay enough eggs would lead to the death of the developing wasp larvae more quickly than would laying too many eggs. Not necessarily true
(E) Parasitic wasps use visual clues to calculate the size of a host egg. Not necessarily true

Analysis:
This is a “must be true” question.

Please pay attention to the adverb ”theoretically” in option A, without this verb, this option will be wrong.

作者: lyrsilvia 时间: 2013-9-17 20:42
D BBEA
1. 23'
P: high blood pressure-->more nervous and anxious
C: personality traits-->hypertensive personality-->high blood pressure
Reasoning Flaw: cause cannot be the effect
答案：D
(A) fails to define the term “hypertensive personality”--------not the core of reasoning
(B) presupposes that people have permanent personality traits-------------not the flaw of reasoning
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a “hypertensive personality” without providing evidence to support that claim.-------------not the core of the reasoning flaw
(D) takes a correlation between personality traits and high blood pressure as proof that the traits cause high blood pressure.------------CORRECT. correlation≠cause and effect relation
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only, ignoring other personality traits that people with high blood pressure might have----------not the core of the flaw.

2. 28'
BG: A major impediment to wide acceptance of electric vehicles is the inability to use electric vehicles for occasional extended trips.
P: offer customers three days free rental of a conventional car for every 1,000 miles that they drive their electric vehicle
C: will make purchasing electric vehicles more attractive to commuters
Threaten the prospects for success: offer days free will not attract more commuters-->perhaps other factors affect commuters' choice
答案：B
(A) Many electric vehicles that are used for commercial purposes are not needed for extended trips.-----------just some evidence relevant to the BG. and many is too vague
(B) Because a majority of commuters drive at least 100 miles a week, the cost to the producer of making good the offer would add considerably to the already high price of electric vehicles.------------------------CORRECT. at least 100 miles a weak means the 1000 miles standard is easy to achieve, and the producer's cost will lead to the higher price which is not preferable for customers, thus affect the plan's prospects
(C) The relatively long time it takes to recharge the battery of an electric vehicle can easily be fitted into the regular patterns of car use characteristic of commuters.------------------the disadvantage of electric vehicle
(D) Although electric vehicles are essentially emission-free in actual use, generating the electricity necessary for charging an electric vehicle's battery can burden the environment.---------------companies are just not concerned about the environment
(E) Some family vehicles are used primarily not for commuting but for making short local trips, such as to do errands.------------what vehicles are used for is not the point we should discuss.

3. 47’
P: no European trade goods were found at the site
C: the camp probably dates to no later than 1630
Strengthen: trade goods were the symbol of after 1630
答案：B
(A) Due to trade among Native Americans, some European trade goods would have reached the area before the European traders themselves did.-------------means even European traders were active from the 1620's onward, the goods can be found early than 1620. this statement is meaningless
(B) At all camps in the region that have been reliably dated to the late 1620's, remains of European trade goods have been found.---------------CORRECT. means goods are symbol of late 1620
(C) The first European trade goods to reach the area would have been considered especially valuable and preserved as much as possible from loss or destruction.-------------what first European is considered is not relevant to the mean topic
(D) The first European traders in the area followed soon after the first European explorers.-------------the relation between explorers and traders is not discussed in the question
(E) The site is that of a temporary camp that would have been used seasonally for a few years and then abandoned.------------what the temporary camp is used is not related to the topic

4. 28'
BG: cars over five years old typically generate significantly greater amounts of pollutants than newer cars
P: introduce incentives for Torinians to scrap their old cars every five years and replace them with new ones
C: boost Torinia's economy and reduce air pollution
Undermines: scrap old cars is bad for economy or for air pollution
答案：E
(A) Without the implementation of the planned incentives, most Torinians who own an old car would be unlikely to buy a new car.----------state the importance of the planned incentives, strengthen
(B) Torinia's automobile plant manufactures car models that typically generate smaller amounts of air pollutants than most similarly sized car models manufactured elsewhere.------------the comparison between T and elsewhere is irrelevant
(C) The new cars produced in Torinia are not likely to be exported to other countries.--------------means new cars will be used by domestic consumers. strengthen
(D) The largest source of atmospheric pollutants in Torinia is not automobile emissions, but emissions from power plants.--------------but switch to new cars will help to reduce air pollution
(E) The manufacture and the scrapping of cars each generate significant amounts of air pollutants.-------------CORRECT. means scrap is bad

5. 23'
P: Parasitic wasps lay their eggs exactly the right numbers for any suitable size of host egg.
too many-->compete for space
too few-->host egg would decay, killing the wasp larvae
Conclusion: wasps are really good at measure their laying egg actions
答案：A
(A) The size of the smallest host egg that a wasp could theoretically parasitize can be determined from the wasp's egg-laying behavior.--------------CORRECT. it can be determined
(B) Host insects lack any effective defenses against the form of predation practiced by parasitic wasps.---------------host insects' defenses are not discussed
(C) Parasitic wasps learn from experience how many eggs to lay into the eggs of different host species.---------there is no information about how wasps learn to lay eggs
(D) Failure to lay enough eggs would lead to the death of the developing wasp larvae more quickly than would laying too many eggs.------------------the comparison between more eggs and fewer eggs is irrelevant.
(E) Parasitic wasps use visual clues to calculate the size of a host egg.-----------whether they use visual clues is not the case.

作者: 览物之情 时间: 2013-10-13 17:13
10月13号
1 25s
Premise

eople with high blood pressure are generally more nervous and anxious than people who do not have high blood pressure.
Conclusion: This fact show that this particular combination of personality traits—the socalled hypertensive(患高血压的) personality—is likely to cause a person with these traits to develop high blood pressure.
The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to
criticism on the grounds that the argument: weaken the argument
P ：因果关系错了。Not the personality cause the high blood pressure but the blood pressure cause the traits.
A) fails to define the term “hypertensive personality”
(B) presupposes that people have permanent personality traits
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a “hypertensive personality” without
providing evidence to support that claim.
(D) takes a correlation between personality traits and high blood pressure as proof that the
traits cause high blood pressure.------correct
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only, ignoring other personality traits that people
with high blood pressure might have

2 31s
Premise: A major impediment(阻碍) to wide acceptance of electric vehicles even on the part of people who use their cars almost exclusively for commuting（通勤） is the inability to use electric vehicles for occasional extended trips.
Plan: In an attempt to make purchasing electric vehicles more attractive to commuters, one electric vehicle producer is planning to offer customers three days free rental of a conventional car for every 1,000 miles that they drive their electric vehicle.
Which of the following, if true, most threatens the plan's prospects for success
P: is tree day enough attractive for customers.
A) Many electric vehicles that are used for commercial purposes are not needed for extended trips.------ 感觉和premise矛盾。
(B) Because a majority of commuters drive at least 100 miles a week, the cost to the producer of making good the offer would add considerably to the already high price of electric vehicles.---------correct.so the purchase will not be attractive if the price is high.
(C) The relatively long time it takes to recharge the battery of an electric vehicle can easily be fitted into the regular patterns of car use characteristic of commuters.-----irrelevant
(D) Although electric vehicles are essentially emission-free in actual use, generating the electricity necessary for charging an electric vehicle's battery can burden the environment.-------irrelevant
(E) Some family vehicles are used primarily not for commuting but for making short local trips, such as to do errands.------变成family vehicles irrelevant

3 27s
Background: Archaeologists in Michigan have excavated a Native American camp near Dumaw Creek.  Radiocarbon dating of animal bones found at the site indicates that the camp dates from some time between 1605 and 1755.
Conclusion: However, the camp probably dates to no later than 1630, since no European trade goods were found at the site, and European traders were active in the region from the 1620's onward.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
P European goods are found in other later camp 因果联系mention both the camp and goods
(A )Due to trade among Native Americans, some European trade goods would have reached the area before the European traders themselves did.---irrlevant
(B) At all camps in the region that have been reliably dated to the late 1620's, remains of European trade goods have been found.-------correct
(C) The first European trade goods to reach the area would have been considered especially valuable and preserved as much as possible from loss or destruction.-----irrelevant
(D) The first European traders in the area followed soon after the first European explorers.----irrlevant
(E) The site is that of a temporary camp that would have been used seasonally for a few years and then abandoned.----irrelevant

4 31s
Premise: cars over five years old typically generate significantly greater amounts of pollutants than newer cars.  In Torinia, which has recently built its first automobile manufacturing plant, most cars are over five years old.
purpose: Aiming to boost Torinia's economy and reduce air pollution
Plan: the government plans to introduce incentives for Torinians to scrap their old cars every five years and replace them with new ones.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the likelihood that the planned incentives, if implemented, will achieve both of the cited aims?
P what’s the side effect of the plan. Manufacturing new cars will generate pollute.

A) Without the implementation of the planned incentives, most Torinians who own an old car would be unlikely to buy a new car.----support
(B) Torinia's automobile plant manufactures car models that typically generate smaller amounts of air pollutants than most similarly sized car models manufactured elsewhere.---irrlevant
(C) The new cars produced in Torinia are not likely to be exported to other countries.---irrelevant
(D) The largest source of atmospheric pollutants in Torinia is not automobile emissions, but emissions from power plants.-----look good but power plants is irrelevant
(E) The manufacture and the scrapping of cars each generate significant amounts of air pollutant____correct.

5 32s
Premise

arasitic wasps lay their eggs directly into the eggs of various host insects in exactly the right numbers for any suitable size of host egg.
Additional premise: If they laid too many eggs in a host egg, the developing wasp larvae would compete with each other to the death for nutrients and space. If too few eggs were laid, portions of the host egg would decay, killing the wasp larvae.

Which of the following conclusions can properly be drawn from the information above?
P wasps deliberately do this to help next generation
A) The size of the smallest host egg that a wasp could theoretically parasitize can be determined from the wasp's egg-laying behavior.-----irrelevant 有新元素出现
(B) Host insects lack any effective defenses against the form of predation practiced by parasitic wasps.-------maybe, suspect.
(C) Parasitic wasps learn from experience how many eggs to lay into the eggs of different host species.---------correct
(D) Failure to lay enough eggs would lead to the death of the developing wasp larvae more quickly than would laying too many eggs.---------not mention
(E) Parasitic wasps use visual clues to calculate the size of a host egg.------not mention

作者: w.melhere 时间: 2013-10-26 11:09
1.35' 没太明白思路，但是做对了。看了NN们讨论想起来似乎是有这么一类题，但是接触的比较少。
2.34'  in order to make EC more attractive, every 1000 mils for 3 day free.
3.38' Evidence:Animal bones show 1605-1755. And no Euro stuffs from 1620 be found. \
      Conclusion: 1620-1755
      GUESS: other evidence. 这个是老套路啦。
4.40' E
5.46' 错选了C。开始A选项的句子就没有读懂，现在再看发现A是客观的，基于研究者能力的判断。而C是主观的认为了wasps有学习经验的能力。这道题要吸取教训啦！

作者: cecidefok 时间: 2013-11-6 15:54
精练题
选D

45.
问削弱
选C,这样就不attractive了

46.
选B

47.
选E

48.
选C

作者: yuehuasunday 时间: 2013-11-13 15:28
Background: Parasitic wasps lay their eggs in other's egg

Premise: Too many: Compete to death

Conclusion: Too few: portions of the host eft would decay, killing the wasp larvae

(A) Correct

作者: irenetopia 时间: 2013-11-25 11:04
【精练】52S
1. People with high blood pressure are generally more
nervous and anxious than people who do not have
high blood pressure. This fact show that this
particular combination of personality traits—the socalled
hypertensive personality—is likely to cause a
person with these traits to develop high blood
pressure.
The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to
criticism on the grounds that the argument
逻辑链：有高血压的人更容易烦躁焦虑。
因此有这种症状的人更容易患高血压
因果倒置问题

(A) fails to define the term “hypertensive
personality”
(B) presupposes that people have permanent
personality traits
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a
“hypertensive personality” without
providing evidence to support that claim.
(D) takes a correlation between personality traits
and high blood pressure as proof that the
traits cause high blood pressure.——直接秒
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only,
ignoring other personality traits that people
with high blood pressure might have

【逻辑链】
45. 46S
A major impediment to wide acceptance of electric vehicles even on the part of people who use their cars almost exclusively for commuting is the inability to use electric vehicles for occasional extended trips.  In an attempt to make purchasing electric vehicles more attractive to commuters, one electric vehicle producer is planning to offer customers three days free rental of a conventional car for every 1,000 miles that they drive their electric vehicle.
Which of the following, if true, most threatens the plan's prospects for success?
逻辑链：人们普遍接受electric vehicles的主要原因是他们不能跑太远
因此有个EV商家决定给消费者提供1000公里试骑活动来促销
问削弱
思路：就是其很远的电动车也挽救不了它得不到青睐的命运……
(A) Many electric vehicles that are used for commercial purposes are not needed for extended trips.——反对了前提，排除
(B) Because a majority of commuters drive at least 100 miles a week, the cost to the producer of making good the offer would add considerably to the already high price of electric vehicles.——bingo提出了方案的一个副作用
(C) The relatively long time it takes to recharge the battery of an electric vehicle can easily be fitted into the regular patterns of car use characteristic of commuters.——这两个没有关系，跟方案无关
(D) Although electric vehicles are essentially emission-free in actual use, generating the electricity necessary for charging an electric vehicle's battery can burden the environment.——也跟促销方案无关
(E) Some family vehicles are used primarily not for commuting but for making short local trips, such as to do errands.——跟前提矛盾了。

46.  1：25min
Archaeologists in Michigan have excavated a Native American camp near Dumaw Creek.  Radiocarbon dating of animal bones found at the site indicates that the camp dates from some time between 1605 and 1755.  However, the camp probably dates to no later than 1630, since no European trade goods were found at the site, and European traders were active in the region from the 1620's onward.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
逻辑链：挖到camp，从骨头发现他是在1605到1755之间的
但是camp一般在1630年后就没有了，因为欧洲的贸易者在1620年以后开始
问加强
就找出可以证明camp在 1605到1630年之间的选项就好了，两个前提虽用however但是不矛盾

(A) Due to trade among Native Americans, some European trade goods would have reached the area before the European traders themselves did.——无关，没提到camp
(B) At all camps in the region that have been reliably dated to the late 1620's, remains of European trade goods have been found.——bingo！综合前提！解释了疑惑点
(C) The first European trade goods to reach the area would have been considered especially valuable and preserved as much as possible from loss or destruction.——没提到camp
(D) The first European traders in the area followed soon after the first European explorers.——也是没提到camp
(E) The site is that of a temporary camp that would have been used seasonally for a few years and then abandoned.——不加强也不削弱

47. 45S
Automobile emissions are a significant source of air pollutants, and cars over five years old typically generate significantly greater amounts of pollutants than newer cars.  In Torinia, which has recently built its first automobile manufacturing plant, most cars are over five years old.  Aiming to boost Torinia's economy and reduce air pollution, the government plans to introduce incentives for Torinians to scrap their old cars every five years and replace them with new ones.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the likelihood that the planned incentives, if implemented, will achieve both of the cited aims?
逻辑链：automobile emission污染环境，汽车在使用五年后比新车更污染环境
政府建了汽车制造厂为了经济增长和降低污染，让人们换新车。
问削弱：看选项能不能组织目的“经济提高，降低污染”达成

(A) Without the implementation of the planned incentives, most Torinians who own an old car would be unlikely to buy a new car.——无关
(B) Torinia's automobile plant manufactures car models that typically generate smaller amounts of air pollutants than most similarly sized car models manufactured elsewhere.——汽车内部比较，无关
(C) The new cars produced in Torinia are not likely to be exported to other countries.——无关
(D) The largest source of atmospheric pollutants in Torinia is not automobile emissions, but emissions from power plants.——没有提到计划，无关
(E) The manufacture and the scrapping of cars each generate significant amounts of air pollutants.——bingo!有效削弱了政府建汽车制造厂和换车的危害能使plan达不到目标

48. 30S
Parasitic wasps lay their eggs directly into the eggs of various host insects in exactly the right numbers for any suitable size of host egg.  If they laid too many eggs in a host egg, the developing wasp larvae would compete with each other to the death for nutrients and space.  If too few eggs were laid, portions of the host egg would decay, killing the wasp larvae.
Which of the following conclusions can properly be drawn from the information above?
逻辑链：P蜂在其他宿主昆虫那产卵的数量是要匹配宿主自己的卵的大小。如果它产卵太多，幼虫会自相残杀（啧啧好血腥），如果产卵太少，部分宿主卵会腐烂？杀掉蜂卵。
问MP：就是要根据第一句，改写句子。
(A) The size of the smallest host egg that a wasp could theoretically parasitize can be determined from the wasp's egg-laying behavior.——bingo！
(B) Host insects lack any effective defenses against the form of predation practiced by parasitic wasps.——没有提到
(C) Parasitic wasps learn from experience how many eggs to lay into the eggs of different host species.——我开始选的这个，选错了
(D) Failure to lay enough eggs would lead to the death of the developing wasp larvae more quickly than would laying too many eggs.——只说了一方面，还有morequick不对
(E) Parasitic wasps use visual clues to calculate the size of a host egg.——没提到

作者: goodluck22 时间: 2014-3-7 17:22
Background: high pressure -> more nervous
Premise: so called personality is likely to cause a person with high blood pressure
Prephrase:  don’t know
ANS: D CORRECT

Background: major trouble of electric vehicles is the inability to use for occasional trip

Premise: attempt to make purchase more attractive-> three days free rental for 1000 mile that they drive

Prephrase: this policy will hurt company somehow

A. Irrelevant
B. Correct
C. Support
D. Out of scope
E. Family vehicles out of scope

Premise: animal bones found at the site between 1605-1705
No trade goods active>1620

Conclusion: The camp <1630
Prephrase:
A. WEAKEN
B. CORRECT
C. NOT TALK ABOUT FIRST TRADE GOODS
D. IRRELEVANT
E. Background

Premise: incentive to scrap old cars and replace new  boost economy and reduce pollution
Prephrase: will not boost economy or increase pollution
A. SUPPORT
B. SUPPORT
C. IRRELEVANT
D. OUT OF SCOPE
E. CORRECT

Parasitic lay too much – larvae compete too much
                     Too few- portion of egg would decay
A. correct
B. denfense?
C. Learn>
D. Cannot
E. Cannot

作者: cyndichiang 时间: 2014-4-11 11:37
精炼题 36‘’
premise

eople with high blood pressure are generally more nervous and anxious than people who do not have high blood pressure.
conclusion:this particular combination of personality traits—the socalled hypertensive personality—is likely to cause a person with these traits to develop high blood pressure.
Q:Weaken
prephrase: 果推因：说两者没有因果关系
      people who are hypertensive have not develop blood pressure
            people who are not hypertensive develp blood pressure
            other factors
选项分析：
(A) fails to define the term “hypertensive
personality”-----irrelevant, opposite,the passage has defined the hypertensive already.
(B) presupposes that people have permanent
personality traits----irrelevant
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a
“hypertensive personality” without
providing evidence to support that claim.---irrelevant
(D) takes a correlation between personality traits
and high blood pressure as proof that the
traits cause high blood pressure.---correct,文章只是说了两者关系并没有说他们存在因果关系
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only,
ignoring other personality traits that people
with high blood pressure might have----不如D来的直接

作者: cyndichiang 时间: 2014-4-11 22:34
逻辑链：
1. 33‘’
premise:A major impediment to wide acceptance of electric vehicles is the inability to use electric vehicles for occasional extended trips
Conclusion:planning to offer customers three days free rental of a conventional car for every 1,000 miles that they drive their electric vehicle can make electric vehicles more attractive
Q: Weaken
prephrase: if the plan has some side effects such as the increasing price which in turns will prevent customers buying electric vehicles.

2.43''
premise:no European trade goods were found at the site, and European traders were active in the region from the 1620's onward
conclusion: the camp probably dates to no later than 1630
Q:Support
prephrase:

3.26''
premise: cars over five years old expel more pollutants than new cars do
conclusion: in order to reduce the pollutants, the government plans to courage people to scrap their old cars every five years and replace them with new ones
Q:Weaken
prephrase: 指出方案的副作用 scraping old cars can lead to more pollutants.

4.43''
premise: If Parasitic wasps laid too many eggs in a host egg, the developing wasp larvae would compete with each other to the death for nutrients and space. If too few eggs were laid, portions of the host egg would decay, killing the wasp larvae.
Conclusion:???
Q:Must be true
prephrase: parasitic wasps know how many eggs can be properly laid
这题选错了，选了C，C 其实是过度推理了，文中并没有说learn from experience的事
而A 文中说能寄生in exactly the right numbers for any suitable size of host egg
对应A 选项，能够知道合适的最小值。而这个逻辑链的premise应该是首句：Parasitic wasps lay their eggs directly into the eggs of various host insects in exactly the right numbers for any suitable size of host egg

作者: simonleo 时间: 2014-5-5 20:32
3.我对ABC都有犹豫，其中A，因为在欧洲人交易之前，美国本土人自己就会trade goods了，那么没发现goods，就一定是比欧洲人还早得多。但是想想不能加强，因为在之前就有交易的话，更不能确定时间了
认为C合理是因为第一次到这个地方的goods会被很好保存，那么没发现就确实是没有的。
ron：
i can think of at least 2 reasons:

#1:

read the wording carefully: preserved as much as possible from loss or destruction

this statement carries no guarantee that 'as much as possible' will be successful in preserving those trade goods all the way to the present day, some four hundred years later. the trade goods could have been preserved as much as possible - in accord with this statement - and still disappeared before the present.

by contrast, there is no such problem with choice b, because that choice states that the goods 'have been found' at the sites (present perfect = this is a pattern that continues into the present)

#2:

'the first european trade goods to reach the area' may not have reached this particular camp.

--

作者: simonleo 时间: 2014-5-5 20:36
1
Time:23s
P:people with high blood pressure are generally more nervous and anxious.
C:the particular combination of personality traits is likely to cause a person with these traits to develop high blood pressure.
Pre:削弱。C-->E：性格-->血压高
削弱方案，找他因
E发生时，C未发生
C发生时，E不发生
E---》C
(A) fails to define the term “hypertensive
personality”无关定义与否没有关系
(B) presupposes that people have permanent
personality traits 无关
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a
“hypertensive personality” without
providing evidence to support that claim.无关，不需要证明
(D) takes a correlation between personality traits
and high blood pressure as proof that the
traits cause high blood pressure. 正解，不一定就是这个导致了high blood pressure
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only,
ignoring other personality traits that people
with high blood pressure might have 无关，说的就是这两个particular combination of personality traits
1. D
2.1:02 B
3.44s  C
4.59s  E
5.58s  C 错应选A

3.我对ABC都有犹豫，其中A，因为在欧洲人交易之前，美国本土人自己就会trade goods了，那么没发现goods，就一定是比欧洲人还早得多。但是想想不能加强，因为在之前就有交易的话，更不能确定时间了
认为C合理是因为第一次到这个地方的goods会被很好保存，那么没发现就确实是没有的。
ron：
i can think of at least 2 reasons:

#1:

read the wording carefully: preserved as much as possible from loss or destruction

this statement carries no guarantee that 'as much as possible' will be successful in preserving those trade goods all the way to the present day, some four hundred years later. the trade goods could have been preserved as much as possible - in accord with this statement - and still disappeared before the present.

by contrast, there is no such problem with choice b, because that choice states that the goods 'have been found' at the sites (present perfect = this is a pattern that continues into the present)

#2:

'the first european trade goods to reach the area' may not have reached this particular camp.

--

作者: spencerchan 时间: 2015-8-18 13:39
21’’
P: People with high blood pressure are generally more nervous than people who do not have
C: Personality traits can cause people to develop high blood pressure
Prep: High blood pressure cause people tend to be nervous
A: Irrelevant
B: Irrelevant
C: Irrelevant
D: CORRECT
E: Irrelevant

47’’
P: Electric vehicle producer is planning to offer customers three days free rental of conventional cars based on the electric vehicle driving distance
C: Electric vehicle’s sale would be boosted
Prep: Electric vehicle is more expensive than the rental of conventional cars
A: Irrelevant
B: ???
C: CORRECT??
D: Irrelevant
E: Irrelevant

28’’
P: There are no European trade goods found at the site
C: The camp probably dates not late than 1630
Prep: Strengthen: the answer provides other fact which could prove C
A: CORRECT?
B: Irrelevant??
C: Irrelevant??
D: Irrelevant?? E: Irrelevant

33’’
P: Replace old cars every five years
C: Air pollution would decrease, and economy would boost
Prep: Production industry would emission more polluting gas
A: Irrelevant
B: Irrelevant
C: Irrelevant
D: Irrelevant
E: CORRECT

51’’
P: Too much eggs is bad, too few also is bad
Prep: suitable size of eggs
A: Irrelevant
B:??
 C: CORRECT?
D: Not mention
E: Irrelevant???

今天要炸，先睡会，起来总结

作者: MIA926 时间: 2015-9-3 18:32
20150903 CR小分队-12

【精练】
1. People with high blood pressure are generally more nervous and anxious thanpeople who do not have high blood pressure. This fact show that this particularcombination of personality traits—the socalled hypertensive personality—islikely to cause a person with these traits to develop high blood pressure.
The reasoning in the argument is most vulnerable to criticism on the groundsthat the argument
                                       ----------Cause and Effect Problems

(A) fails to define the term “hypertensive
personality”
(B) presupposes that people have permanent
personality traits
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a
“hypertensive personality” without
providing evidence to support that claim.
(D) takes a correlationbetween personality traits
and high blood pressure as proof that the
traits cause high blood pressure. 正确因果反了
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only,
ignoring other personality traits that people
with high blood pressure might have

【逻辑链】
45. (33847-!-item-!-188;#058&007123)
A major impediment to wide acceptance of electric vehicles even on the part ofpeople who use their cars almost exclusively for commuting is the inability touse electric vehicles for occasional extended trips.  In an attempt tomake purchasing electric vehicles more attractive to commuters, one electricvehicle producer is planning to offer customers three days free rental of a conventionalcar for every 1,000 miles that they drive their electric vehicle.
Which of the following, if true, most threatens the plan's prospects for success?
(A) Many electric vehicles that are used for commercial purposes are not neededfor extended trips.  无关
(B) Because a majority ofcommuters drive at least 100 miles a week, the cost to the producer of makinggood the offer would add considerably to the already high price of electricvehicles. 正确
(C) The relatively long time it takes to recharge the battery of an electricvehicle can easily be fitted into the regular patterns of car usecharacteristic of commuters. 加强
(D) Although electric vehicles are essentially emission-free in actual use,generating the electricity necessary for charging an electric vehicle's batterycan burden the environment. 无关
(E) Some family vehicles are used primarily not for commuting but for makingshort local trips, such as to do errands. 无关
46. (33987-!-item-!-188;#058&007200)
Archaeologists in Michigan have excavated a Native American camp near DumawCreek.  Radiocarbon dating of animal bones found at the site indicatesthat the camp dates from some time between 1605 and 1755.  However, thecamp probably dates to no later than 1630, since no European trade goods werefound at the site, and European traders were active in the region from the1620's onward.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
(A) Due to trade among Native Americans, some European trade goods would havereached the area before the European traders themselves did. 无关
(B) At all camps in the region that have been reliablydated to the late 1620's, remains of European trade goods have been found. 正确有因必有果

(C) The first European trade goods to reach the area would have beenconsidered especially valuable and preserved as much as possible from loss ordestruction. 错误但还是没有解决是不是1630以后的
(D) The first European traders in the area followed soon after the firstEuropean explorers. 无关
(E) The site is that of a temporary camp that would have been used seasonallyfor a few years and then abandoned. 削弱

47. (34035-!-item-!-188;#058&007207)
Automobile emissions are a significant source of air pollutants, and cars overfive years old typically generate significantly greater amounts of pollutantsthan newer cars. In Torinia, which has recently built its firstautomobile manufacturing plant, most cars are over five years old. Aimingto boost Torinia's economyand reduce air pollution, the government plans to introduce incentivesfor Torinians to scrap their old cars every five years and replace them withnew ones.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the likelihood that the plannedincentives, if implemented, will achieve both of the cited aims?
(A) Without the implementation of the planned incentives, most Torinians whoown an old car would be unlikely to buy a new car. 加强
(B) Torinia's automobile plant manufactures car models that typically generatesmaller amounts of air pollutants than most similarly sized car modelsmanufactured elsewhere. 无关
(C) The new cars produced in Torinia are not likely to be exported to othercountries. 无关
(D) The largest source of atmospheric pollutants in Torinia is not automobileemissions, but emissions from power plants. 还是可以减少
(E) The manufacture andthe scrapping of cars each generate significant amounts of air pollutants.正确

48. (34221-!-item-!-188;#058&007550)
Parasitic wasps lay their eggs directly into the eggs of various host insectsin exactly theright numbers for any suitable size of host egg. If they laid too manyeggs in a host egg, the developing wasp larvae would compete with each other tothe death for nutrients and space. If too few eggs were laid, portions ofthe host egg would decay, killing the wasp larvae.
Which of the following conclusions can properly be drawn from the informationabove?
(A) The size of the smallest host egg that a wasp couldtheoretically parasitize can be determined from the wasp's egg-laying behavior.正确
(B) Host insects lack any effective defenses againstthe form of predation practiced by parasitic wasps. 没提
(C) Parasitic wasps learn from experience how many eggs to lay into theeggs of different host species. 新信息不知道怎么学会的
(D) Failure to lay enough eggs would lead to the death of the developing wasplarvae more quickly than would laying too many eggs. 新消息
(E) Parasitic wasps use visual clues to calculate the size of a host egg. 新消息

作者: fesche 时间: 2016-5-11 01:23
high blood pressure people are nervous and anxious
because personality traits,, hypertensive personally
weaken
因：hypertensive特征
果：容易得病
得病原因是不hypertensive而是其他
因果颠倒：因为有病所以才hypertensive
D
(A) fails to define the term “hypertensive personality”
(B) presupposes that people have permanent personality traits
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a “hypertensive personality” without providing evidence to support that claim.
(D) takes a correlation between personality traits and high blood pressure as proof that the traits cause high blood pressure.
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only, ignoring other personality traits that people with high blood pressure might have

People drive exclusively cars are unable to drive electrical car
e car company will allow people drive e car for free for the 3 days when they reach the distance 1000 miles
weaken the plan
背景：只开车的不开电动车
目的：更attractive
行动：1000 M后3日租车免费
大家都唔租车，都是买车的，免费没意义
没地方充电，他因导致不买，不是免费问题
E-B
(A) Many electric vehicles that are used for commercial purposes are not needed for extended trips.
(B) Because a majority of commuters drive at least 100 miles a week, the cost to the producer of making good the offer would add considerably to the already high price of electric vehicles.
(C) The relatively long time it takes to recharge the battery of an electric vehicle can easily be fitted into the regular patterns of car use characteristic of commuters.
(D) Although electric vehicles are essentially emission-free in actual use, generating the electricity necessary for charging an electric vehicle's battery can burden the environment.
(E) Some family vehicles are used primarily not for commuting but for making short local trips, such as to do errands.

excavation date from 1605-17xx
P: commercial active from 1620
no other trade good were found
C: no later than 1630
strengthen
因果关系，无他因，因果不颠倒
资料显示是1620之后
B
(A) Due to trade among Native Americans, some European trade goods would have reached the area before the European traders themselves did.
(B) At all camps in the region that have been reliably dated to the late 1620's, remains of European trade goods have been found.
(C) The first European trade goods to reach the area would have been considered especially valuable and preserved as much as possible from loss or destruction.
(D) The first European traders in the area followed soon after the first European explorers.
(E) The site is that of a temporary camp that would have been used seasonally for a few years and then abandoned.

Cars are more polluted five years ago
T ensembles cars more than 5 years
Government incentive to T to scap cars every 5 year
boost eco and reduce pollution
weaken, will not achieve both goals
削弱两个可能，没经济也没有降低污染
E
A) Without the implementation of the planned incentives, most Torinians who own an old car would be unlikely to buy a new car. owners没有影响
(B) Torinia's automobile plant manufactures car models that typically generate smaller amounts of air pollutants than most similarly sized car models manufactured elsewhere. elsewhere 对比无关
(C) The new cars produced in Torinia are not likely to be exported to other countries. 和出口无关
(D) The largest source of atmospheric pollutants in Torinia is not automobile emissions, but emissions from power plants. 无关 power plants
(E) The manufacture and the scrapping of cars each generate significant amounts of air pollutants. 削弱pollution

wasp lay right promotion eggs
too smaller, be killed
too much, compete with nutrient
conclusion
B-A
(A) The size of the smallest host egg that a wasp could theoretically parasitize can be determined from the wasp's egg-laying behavior.
(B) Host insects lack any effective defenses against the form of predation practiced by parasitic wasps.
(C) Parasitic wasps learn from experience how many eggs to lay into the eggs of different host species.
(D) Failure to lay enough eggs would lead to the death of the developing wasp larvae more quickly than would laying too many eggs.
(E) Parasitic wasps use visual clues to calculate the size of a host egg.

作者: 宋痂岛__ 时间: 2017-12-14 15:10
DBBEA

作者: May97 时间: 2018-1-26 14:18
T: 25s
P: People with high blood pressure are generally more nervous and anxious than people who do not have high blood pressure.
C: This fact show that this particular combination of personality traits—the socalled hypertensive personality—is likely to cause a person with these traits to develop high blood pressure.
(A) fails to define the term “hypertensive personality”--->incorrect
(B) presupposes that people have permanent personality traits--->no
(C) simply restates the claim that there is a “hypertensive personality” without providing evidence to support that claim.--->no
(D) takes a correlation between personality traits and high blood pressure as proof that the traits cause high blood pressure.--->correct
(E) focuses on nervousness and anxiety only, ignoring other personality traits that people with high blood pressure might have--->irreverent

T: 37s
P: A major impediment to wide acceptance of electric vehicles even on the part of people who use their cars almost exclusively for commuting is the inability to use electric vehicles for occasional extended trips.
C: In an attempt to make purchasing electric vehicles more attractive to commuters, one electric vehicle producer is planning to offer customers three days free rental of a conventional car for every 1,000 miles that they drive their electric vehicle.
Weaken: free rental of car没有吸引力
(A) Many electric vehicles that are used for commercial purposes are not needed for extended trips.--->irreverent
(B) Because a majority of commuters drive at least 100 miles a week, the cost to the producer of making good the offer would add considerably to the already high price of electric vehicles.--->correct虽然做对了，但是真的不知道为什么
(C) The relatively long time it takes to recharge the battery of an electric vehicle can easily be fitted into the regular patterns of car use characteristic of commuters.--->support
(D) Although electric vehicles are essentially emission-free in actual use, generating the electricity necessary for charging an electric vehicle's battery can burden the environment.--->irreverent
(E) Some family vehicles are used primarily not for commuting but for making short local trips, such as to do errands.--->irreverent
没什么思路。。

T: 25s
BG: Archaeologists in Michigan have excavated a Native American camp near Dumaw Creek.  Radiocarbon dating of animal bones found at the site indicates that the camp dates from some time between 1605 and 1755.
P: no European trade goods were found at the site, and European traders were active in the region from the 1620's onward.
C: the camp probably dates to no later than 1630
Support: 如果camp是1620's的，一定会有英国的东西
(A) Due to trade among Native Americans, some European trade goods would have reached the area before the European traders themselves did.--->irreverent
(B) At all camps in the region that have been reliably dated to the late 1620's, remains of European trade goods have been found.--->correct
(C) The first European trade goods to reach the area would have been considered especially valuable and preserved as much as possible from loss or destruction.--->irreverent
(D) The first European traders in the area followed soon after the first European explorers.--->irreverent
(E) The site is that of a temporary camp that would have been used seasonally for a few years and then abandoned.--->irreverent

T: 38s
P: Automobile emissions are a significant source of air pollutants,
P: and cars over five years old typically generate significantly greater amounts of pollutants than newer cars.
P: In Torinia, which has recently built its first automobile manufacturing plant, most cars are over five years old.  C: Aiming to boost Torinia's economy and reduce air pollution, the government plans to introduce incentives for Torinians to scrap their old cars every five years and replace them with new ones.
Weaken: 思路不对
(A) Without the implementation of the planned incentives, most Torinians who own an old car would be unlikely to buy a new car.--->support
(B) Torinia's automobile plant manufactures car models that typically generate smaller amounts of air pollutants than most similarly sized car models manufactured elsewhere.--->support
(C) The new cars produced in Torinia are not likely to be exported to other countries.--->irreverent
(D) The largest source of atmospheric pollutants in Torinia is not automobile emissions, but emissions from power plants.--->irreverent
(E) The manufacture and the scrapping of cars each generate significant amounts of air pollutants.--->correct

T: 36s
P: Parasitic wasps lay their eggs directly into the eggs of various host insects in exactly the right numbers for any suitable size of host egg.
P: If they laid too many eggs in a host egg, the developing wasp larvae would compete with each other to the death for nutrients and space.
P: If too few eggs were laid, portions of the host egg would decay, killing the wasp larvae.
conclusion:
(A) The size of the smallest host egg that a wasp could theoretically parasitize can be determined from the wasp's egg-laying behavior.--->no--->correct
(B) Host insects lack any effective defenses against the form of predation practiced by parasitic wasps.--->correct
(C) Parasitic wasps learn from experience how many eggs to lay into the eggs of different host species.--->no
(D) Failure to lay enough eggs would lead to the death of the developing wasp larvae more quickly than would laying too many eggs.--->no
(E) Parasitic wasps use visual clues to calculate the size of a host egg.--->no

作者: ba1a糖儿 时间: 2018-7-21 12:25
发现一个问题
lsat的正确答案常常会和background info有关，但是prep的题很少有和BI相关的~~prep1错就错在了这里
买electric cars可以免费租traditional cars--> attract potential customes

预测没人买EC 。（因为xx原因人们并不会买车）这里与background info是没有交叉的，也就是说并不涉及BI 的内容！

作者: yangyang2 时间: 2018-8-4 10:29
DEBEC

作者: echo-LUO 时间: 2018-9-21 21:56
1. 精练
有高血压的人更容易紧张和焦虑——>紧张和焦虑导致高血压
gap：因果倒置
选择D
(D) takes a correlation between personality traits and high blood pressure as proof that the traits cause high blood pressure.

逻辑链
45.
人们不买电动车是因为觉得电动车跑不了多远——>电动车商家推出免费开很长公里的方式试图拉高销量
选择A
(A) Many electric vehicles that are used for commercial purposes are not needed for extended trips. 商业车型不是用来开长途的，说明电动车无法满足消费者的需求
(B) Because a majority of commuters drive at least 100 miles a week, the cost to the producer of making good the offer would add considerably to the already high price of electric vehicles. 文中没有提到因为cost所以不买，无关
(C) The relatively long time it takes to recharge the battery of an electric vehicle can easily be fitted into the regular patterns of car use characteristic of commuters. 无关
(D) Although electric vehicles are essentially emission-free in actual use, generating the electricity necessary for charging an electric vehicle's battery can burden the environment. 无关
(E) Some family vehicles are used primarily not for commuting but for making short local trips, such as to do errands. 没有提到family vehicles，无关
错误分析：
B选项，由于大多数通勤者每周至少行驶100英里，因此制造商提供优惠的成本将大大增加电动汽车已经很高的价格。价格提高，消费者不买账，这是常识啊，不能说无关
A选项，长途旅行不需要许多用于商业用途的电动车辆。没说搞活动的就是商业用途车，无关

46.
通过一种方式测出某古迹在1605-1755之间——>因为没发现贸易商品，而欧洲商人在1620开始活跃——>所以是在1630之前的古迹
要支持conclusion，就要说明这个地方就是1630年之前的。
选择C
(A) Due to trade among Native Americans, some European trade goods would have reached the area before the European traders themselves did. 削弱
(B) At all camps in the region that have been reliably dated to the late 1620's, remains of European trade goods have been found. 其他1620年代的camp都已被发现有贸易商品了——>似乎可以加强说这个camp是在1630年之前的（因为都可能是在1620之前的了），待定（又感觉有点奇怪）
(C) The first European trade goods to reach the area would have been considered especially valuable and preserved as much as possible from loss or destruction. ——>贸易商品贵重，所以被保管的很好，不会丢失和损坏——>加强没找到就是因为没有，而不是因为有但被弄丢了，正确
(D) The first European traders in the area followed soon after the first European explorers. 无关
(E) The site is that of a temporary camp that would have been used seasonally for a few years and then abandoned. 无关

47.
汽车，尤其是老汽车，对空气污染影响大——>T城大部分车龄超过5年——>为了促进经济和减少污染，T成应该把老车换成新车
猜想：成本太高，不会促进经济发展；
选择E
(A) Without the implementation of the planned incentives, most Torinians who own an old car would be unlikely to buy a new car. 加强
(B) Torinia's automobile plant manufactures car models that typically generate smaller amounts of air pollutants than most similarly sized car models manufactured elsewhere. 无关
(C) The new cars produced in Torinia are not likely to be exported to other countries. 无关
(D) The largest source of atmospheric pollutants in Torinia is not automobile emissions, but emissions from power plants. 无关
(E) The manufacture and the scrapping of cars each generate significant amounts of air pollutants. 生产和销毁车辆都会产生污染，削弱

48.
xx生物下蛋的数量要恰到好处，多的话会竞争营养，因为下在别人窝里，少的话会被host杀掉
选择A
(A) The size of the smallest host egg that a wasp could theoretically parasitize can be determined from the wasp's egg-laying behavior. egg大小会根据host的蛋改变，不然就被发现了呀
(B) Host insects lack any effective defenses against the form of predation practiced by parasitic wasps. any？绝对了
(C) Parasitic wasps learn from experience how many eggs to lay into the eggs of different host species. 无根据，经验哪有实际丰富
(D) Failure to lay enough eggs would lead to the death of the developing wasp larvae more quickly than would laying too many eggs. 无根据
(E) Parasitic wasps use visual clues to calculate the size of a host egg. 无根据，不能摸吗

作者: 云栈 时间: 2019-11-1 02:59
1. 1min
B：血压高的人通常比没有血压高的人更加紧张和焦虑。
C: 这一事实表明，人格特质的这种特殊组合（即所谓的高血压人格）（cause）很可能导致具有这些特质的人出现高血压（effect）。
推测：A影响了B并不代表B就会影响A。很多人有这种性格特点，但是他们并没有高血压
选项分析：D
A: 原题定义了，但是定不定义和argument没有关系
B：无关，没有presupposes
C：是否有证据支持“hypertensive personality”和原题的因果关系无关
D: 正确说明了因果关系之间的漏洞
E: 与其他的性格特点无关

2. 28s
P: 即使对于几乎仅将汽车用于通勤的人来说，电动汽车的广泛接受的主要障碍是不能偶尔使用电动汽车进行长途旅行。
C: 为了使购买电动汽车对通勤者更具吸引力，一家电动汽车生产商计划为客户提供驾驶电动汽车的每1000英里免费三天的传统汽车租赁服务。
推测：人们用了传统的车做对比会更加发现充电车的缺陷；这个决定会带来一些negative的影响
选项分析：B

3. 42s
B：密歇根州的考古学家在杜马河附近发掘了一个美国原住民营地。
P：在该地点发现的动物骨头的放射性碳定年表明该营地可追溯到1605年至1755年之间的某个时间。
C：然而，该营地的日期可能不迟于1630年，因为在该地点未发现任何欧洲贸易商品，并且欧洲商人从1620年代开始活跃
推测：欧洲的商人在1620年之后在这个地区很活跃
选项分析：B

4. 42
P：汽车排放物是空气污染物的重要来源，五年以上的汽车通常会比新型汽车产生大量的污染物。
P: 在最近建立了第一家汽车制造厂的都灵，大多数汽车已经使用了五年以上。
C：为了促进都灵的经济发展并减少空气污染，政府计划采取激励措施，鼓励都灵人每五年报废旧车，并更换新车。
推测：每五年旧换新的会使cost变高，而且换新的时候可能也会产生环境污染；
选项分析：E

5. 31s
P: 对于任何合适大小的宿主卵，寄生黄蜂都将卵直接以正确的数量直接产于各种宿主昆虫的卵中。
P: 如果它们在宿主卵中产卵过多，则正在发育的黄蜂幼虫将相互竞争直至死亡，从而获取营养和空间。
P：如果产下的卵太少，则宿主卵的一部分会腐烂，杀死黄蜂幼虫。
推测：太多营养不够，太少容易被寄生的毛虫产生抗体杀死。
选项分析：A
【这道题做错了。C错了因为题上并没有说他们是根据不同的宿主产不同的卵还是根据自身情况找合适的宿主,不确定这么分析对不对】

作者: Lincy123 时间: 2020-4-29 23:02

P：高血压的人常常紧张焦虑

C：特殊性格很可能会造成高血压

因果颠倒。

A）没有解释hp意思。无关

B）假设了人的个性是永久的。无关

C）没有证据证明hp。无关

D）把性格和血压的关联认为是性格造成血压的证据。Correct

E）只专注于紧张焦虑，忽略了其他性格。无关

P：每开满1000mile，送三天免费租赁

C：吸引commuter买电动车

Weaken：commuter开不满1000 miles

A）很多通勤用的电动车不需要用在其他旅行上。无关

B）因为commuter每周至少开车100mile，成本会加到已经很高的价格中。Weaken。correct

C）电动车要充电很符合commuter的特性，strengthen

D）发电的电池对环境有害。无关

E）有些家庭开电动车进行短的当地旅游。无关

P：没有欧洲贸易的商品在这个地方被发现，欧洲商人在1620之前在这个地方很活跃

C：camp不会比1630晚
增强：1630之后和1620之前的区别？没有贸易商品，说明发生在1620之前

A）由于本地美国人的交易，有的欧洲货物在欧洲人没到之前就到了。削弱

B）在所有追溯到1620的camp，都有发现欧洲交易物品。Correct

C）首批货物被认为是珍贵的。无关

D）第一个欧洲商人是在第一个欧洲探险家之后来的

E） Camp是一个季节性的临时camp。

P：让人们每5年报废车辆买新车

C：加速经济，减少环境污染

A）如果没有激励，大部分有老车的人都不会买新车。Strengthen

B） T的汽车厂商产生的空气污染物比其他相对大小的汽车少

C）新车不会出口到其他国家。无关

D）最大来源的空气污染不是汽车排放，是能源工程。

E）生产和报废车辆都造成大量空气污染。Correct

寄生虫生蛋数量要刚刚好，太多会自相残杀，太少会被寄主杀掉

寄生虫下蛋数量取决于宿主蛋的大小

Must be true

A）寄生虫能寄生的最小的蛋取决于wasp的下蛋行为。无法推导 correct

搬运解释：题目说的是黄蜂根据宿主蛋的大小决定要自己下蛋的数量。那么反过来，通过观察黄蜂的行为，可以推断出黄蜂可下蛋的宿主最小值。（比如2mm不下蛋，2.2mm不下蛋，但是2.3mm就下蛋了，所以2.3mm就是最小值）

B）寄主没有方法抵抗寄生虫。无法推导

C）寄生虫根据经验判断不同寄主下不同数量的蛋，correct

没说怎么判断的

D）下蛋太少比下蛋太多死的快。没说

E）寄生虫用视觉线索数有多少蛋，没说

欢迎光临 ChaseDream (https://forum.chasedream.com/)