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标题: 【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-1】 [打印本页]

作者: daisyの小夢想 时间: 2011-11-19 20:34
标题: 【每日逻辑练习第二季】【1-1】
在我们CR小分队的共同努力和老大的鼎力支持下，每日逻辑练习终于完成了改进工作，我们都小激动了一翻。
正如我们的序言所言，“坚持梦，做更好的CR”，每日逻辑练习追求的是不断进步，不断成长为更好的练习模式。
所以，非常期待广大XDJM们一起练习、一起钻研，用共同的脑力结晶创造更好的CR!

跟帖做题方法请见：
http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_CR/thread-613902-1-1.html

【精练】
1. Carl is clearly an incompetent detective. He has
solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to
him in the last 3 years—only 1 out of 25—than any
other detective on the police force.
Which one of the following, if true, most seriously
weakens the argument above?
--BIBLE WEAKEN NO.1
(A) Because the police chief regards Carl as the
most capable detective, she assigns him only
the most difficult cases, ones that others have
failed to solve.
(B) Before he became a detective, Carl was a
neighborhood police officer and was highly
respected by the residents of the
neighborhood he patrolled.
(C) Detectives on the police force on which Carl
serves are provided with extensive resources,
including the use of a large computer
database, to help them solve crimes.
(D) Carl was previously a detective in a police
department in another city, and in the 4 years
he spent there, he solved only 1 out of 30
crimes.
(E) Many of the officers in the police department in
which Carl serves were hired or promoted
within the last 5 years.

【逻辑链】
2.
Although fullerenes--spherical molecules made entirely of carbon--were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite. Since laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure, this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument?
--PREP07 CR1 NO.1

(A) Confirming that the shungite genuinely contained fullerenes took careful experimentation.
(B) Some fullerenes have also been found on the remains of a small meteorite that collided with a spacecraft.
(C) The mineral shungite itself contains large amounts of carbon, from which the fullerenes apparently formed.
(D) The naturally occurring fullerenes are arranged in a previously unknown crystalline structure.
(E) Shungite itself is formed only under distinctive conditions.

3.
Economist: On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000. A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling. Though obviously desirable for many reasons, this treatment program will cost $12,500 and thus cannot be justified.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the conclusion of the argument?
--PREP07 CR1 NO.2

(A) Among elderly people who had followed the program for only a few months, the number of serious falls reported was higher than it was for people who had followed the program for its recommended minimum length of one year.
(B) Falls resulting in serious injuries are less common among elderly people living in nursing homes than they are among elderly people who live alone at home.
(C) A frequent result of injuries sustained in falls is long-term pain, medication for which is not counted among the average per-person costs of emergency treatment for elderly people's injuries from such falls.
(D) The new therapeutic program focuses on therapies other than medication, since overmedication can cause disorientation and hence increase the likelihood that an elderly person will have a serious fall.
(E) A significant portion of the cost of the new therapeutic program is represented by regular visits by health care professionals, the costs of which tend to increase more rapidly than do those of other elements of the program.

4.
The prairie vole, a small North American grassland rodent, breeds year-round, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters. Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups. The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.

Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest support for the explanation offered?
--PREP07 CR1 NO.3

(A) It is in the spring and early summer that prairie vole communities generally contain the highest proportion of young voles.
(B) Prairie vole populations vary dramatically in size from year to year.
(C) The prairie vole subsists primarily on broad-leaved plants that are abundant only in spring.
(D) Winters in the prairie voles' habitat are often harsh, with temperatures that drop well below freezing.
(E) Snakes, a major predator of young prairie voles, are active only from spring through early autumn.

5.
A popular beach has long had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day; many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there. Although dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived, their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.

Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the lower life expectancy of offspring of dolphins feeding at the beach compared to other young dolphins?
--PREP07 CR1 NO.4

(A) Sharks that prey on dolphins are less common in the open seas off the beach than in many other areas of the open seas where dolphins congregate.
(B) Many of the adult dolphins that feed at the beach are females that nurse their offspring there.
(C) The fish given to the dolphins at the beach are the same types of fish that dolphins typically catch in the wild.
(D) Many dolphins that feed at the beach with their offspring come to the beach only a few times a month.
(E) Adult dolphins that feed at the beach spend much less time teaching their offspring how to catch fish in the wild than do other adult dolphins.

作者: daisyの小夢想 时间: 2011-11-19 20:36
Key:(答案藏在此哦哈)
A DCEE

【精练题解释】
Answer choice (A): This is the correct answer. We discover that Carl receives
the hardest cases, and one would expect that the hardest cases would yield a
lower success rate. Notice that this answer does not attack the premises. Even
though they are still true, the conclusion is undermined by the new evidence.
This is typical of most Weaken questions answers—the premises are not
addressed and the focus is on the conclusion.

Answer choice (B): This answer is irrelevant. It tries to use the opinion of others
about Carl’s performance in one capacity to refute facts about his performance
in another capacity. Personalize the answer—is this the answer you would offer
to weaken the argument against Carl if he was your friend?

Answer choice (C): This is an Opposite answer that strengthens the claim that
Carl is incompetent by showing that Carl was not deprived of certain resources
for solving cases.

Answer choice (D): This is another Opposite answer that strengthens the claim
that Carl is incompetent. This time, the answer shows that Carl has a previous
record of poor performance.

Answer choice (E): This answer goes beyond the scope of the argument by
discussing the promotions of other officers. These promotions do not impact
Carl’s job and no information is given about Carl’s promotions. If you are
thinking that perhaps Carl’s poor performance is a result of dissatisfaction over
the promotions of others, then you are assuming too much.

作者: xeyyxzty 时间: 2011-11-19 21:17
1. premise: He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to him in the last 3 years—only 1 out of 25—than any other detective on the police force.
conclusion: Carl is clearly an incompetent detective.
cases assigned to him--what cases???
A--right
B--irrelevant--the conclusion is an incompetent detective, not a police officer
C,D--support
E--irrelevant--both in 5 years and promoted
2.background information: Although fullerenes--spherical molecules made entirely of carbon--were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite. premise: Since laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure,conclusion: this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.

maybe the formation in labs is different from that in nature.
A,C,D,E--irrelevant...不对吧~可是不知道呀
B--right
3.background information:On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000. A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling.
premise: this treatment program will cost $12,500
conclusion: thus cannot be justified
it depends on the number of the falling ( in my point of view, the falling costs will exceed the cost of the program in some day )
A,B--irrelevant
C--right
D,E--support
4.background information: The prairie vole, a small North American grassland rodent, breeds year-round, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters.
premise:Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups.
conclusion:the seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.
the young may live with their family in autumn and winter but leave when spring comes.
A--weaken
B--the effect is uncertain
C--irrelevant? i don't know
D--irrelevant
E--right--i'm not sure
这个猜测猜错了~breeds year round是需要哺乳一年吧~
5.premise:A popular beach has long had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day; many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there.
conclusion:dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived, their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.
the difference between the long-lived and the short-lived: resources of food when they are young~that's the point
A--weaken
B,C,D--irrelevant
E--right
第一次回逻辑贴~不知道怎么回呀~
还有时间有些慢~不报时间了

也不知道做的对不对~不好意思了

作者: fox0923 时间: 2011-11-19 22:26
我站位~~先看看CR怎么回再说---看好了，过来发帖~

精练--20s--Weaken
Premise：Carl only solve 1 out of 25 cases in the past 3 years.
Conclusion: Carl is incompetent detective.
Prephrase: 1 out of 25 cases can be the most difficult case Carl has been dealing with.
Analysis:
(A) Because the police chief regards Carl as the
most capable detective, she assigns him only
the most difficult cases, ones that others have
failed to solve.
---------------------------------------------------------correct. this choice brings new info. to identify the specialty of the cases that Carl dealt with is different from other detectives'.

(B) Before he became a detective, Carl was a
neighborhood police officer and was highly
respected by the residents of the
neighborhood he patrolled.
--------------------------------------------------------what position Carl used to be is irrelevant with the cases he's currently dealing with.

(C) Detectives on the police force on which Carl
serves are provided with extensive resources,
including the use of a large computer
database, to help them solve crimes.
-----------------------------------------------------------If the external resources can provide better service to improve the efficiency of cases, then this is to support the argument that Carl is not a good detective.

(D) Carl was previously a detective in a police
department in another city, and in the 4 years
he spent there, he solved only 1 out of 30
crimes.
---------------------------------------------------------- this kinda restate the premise in the argument, this will not help to weaken the conclusion at all.

(E) Many of the officers in the police department in
which Carl serves were hired or promoted
within the last 5 years.
---------------------------------------------------------------Other officers' promotion changes are irrelevant with Carl, if there's anything, this choice supports the conclusion by inferring Carl is not promoted yet.

不知道这么分析行不行，准备精练题目就这么分析，然后下面的练习题目就稍微在选项的解释上活分一些。等待我们家版主纠正

作者: 南瓜0729 时间: 2011-11-19 22:28
嘿嘿我分析的好像有点简短明天仔细一点1.15s
P：C solved a smaller percentage of the cases
C: C is an incompetent detective
P: C solved the most difficult cases.
A
A right answer
B irrelevant
C strengthen
D strengthen
E irrelevant

2.36s
B:F were found in nature, formed in rare substance.
P:lab synthesis of F requires distinctive conditions
C: the discovery can help evaluate hypotheses about state of the Earth's crust.
P:something hinders the analysis of the state of the Earth's crust
D

3.33s
p: Previous treatment costs 11000. A new one costs 12500 and it can reduce the chance of falling
C: it cannot be justified.
P: 以前治疗之后经常复发，新的不会
C

4.34s
P：autumn-winter V live in a larger group than they do in spring- summer
C: this happens because of the seasonal variation in mortality
P: in spring-summer, V have smaller amount of food.
E

5.25s
B：a beach has a feeding program. dolphins get half of the food there.
P: they benefit at first.
C: their offspring have a lower life expectancy.
P: their offspring 捕食能力差
E

作者: daisyの小夢想 时间: 2011-11-19 22:40

我站位~~先看看CR怎么回再说

-- by 会员 fox0923 (2011/11/19 22:26:41)

糊糊

糊糊之前写的已经是超级模范了 >,<

作者: phoebe0624 时间: 2011-11-19 23:10
我滚过来补作业了！
1、精炼题
Premise:He has solved cases assigned than any other detective on the police force.
Conclusion:Carl is clearly an incompetent detective
Q:weaken
Analysis:
A-because he is a good detective, so his cases are so difficult to deal with. (他因削弱）
B-irrelevant
C- strengthen
D- strengthen
E-irrelevant

2、逻辑链
Premise:He has solved cases assigned than any other detective on the police force.
Conclusion:Carl is clearly an incompetent detective

作者: chensong211 时间: 2011-11-19 23:57
精炼题：
Premise: he solved s smaller percentage of the cases.
Conclusion: carl is incompetent detective.
Conclusion: carl is incompetent detective.
推测Weaken: case难度大，都是疑难杂按。
逻辑思路：案件办理的少=/= 办案能力低，不胜任detective
A) Because the police chief regards Carl as the
most capable detective, she assigns him only
the most difficult cases, ones that others have
failed to solve.正确
(B) Before he became a detective, Carl was a无关选项，没有提及case
neighborhood police officer and was highly
respected by the residents of the
neighborhood he patrolled.
(C) Detectives on the police force on which Carl无关没有提及case
serves are provided with extensive resources,
including the use of a large computer
database, to help them solve crimes.
(D) Carl was previously a detective in a police加强。
department in another city, and in the 4 years
he spent there, he solved only 1 out of 30
crimes.
(E) Many of the officers in the police department in无关没有提及case
which Carl serves were hired or promoted
within the last 5 years.

第二题
Premise: laboratory made the fullerenes
Conclusion: geologists can evaluate the state of the Earth’s crust.
Weaken: 满足制造fullerens的条件不能预测Earth’s crust，还会有其他条件。即：多种条件导致Earth’s crust
第二题也不太确定。应该选D吧。

第三题：
Premise:A new program can reduce chances of falling.

Conclusion: this treatment program will cost $12500 and thus cannot be justified.

Logic: 1.this program will not cost $12500 we can justify the cost.

第二题.we can confuse the new program.
A.bingo
B.无关。
C.加强，说摔倒要花更多的钱。
D.间接的削弱，这个不直接，所以pass了。
E.加强。
第三题：
Premise:A new program can reduce chances of falling.

Conclusion: this treatment program will cost $12500 and thus cannot be justified.

Logic: 1.this program will not cost $12500 we can justify the cost.

2.we can confuse the new program.
A直接否定New program 正确
B.无关

C.加强

D.间接否定不能选

E.加强

第四题：
Premise：voles live in large groups from late autumn through winter, live in smaller groups from spring through early autumn.
Conclusion：the mortality among young voles can explain the seasonal variation in group.
Logic: because the cold/food, the voles dead, they are together form late autumn through winter.
A.提到young voles 但是时间段the spring and early summer 不对。Pass
B.无关。
C.spring食物丰富，时间段不对。
D.时间点没有严格对应 late atumn 没有E严格。
E.bingo 时间完全对应。简单推断也向到mortality，所以选E
要根据常识，应该选D，因为冬天冷，动物群居。但是做逻辑题，我认为要把自己当白痴，什么常识都没有，只能通过题目给的信息判断。所以E更加合适。
第五题
Premise: the feeding program, the adult dolphins are healthy and long-lived.

Conclusion: their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.
logic: the feeding program is harmful for dolphin.

A.没有提及后代，岸边海豚与野生海豚的比较。

B.无关。

C.没有明确指出喂一种鱼危害后代健康。

D.无关。

E. bingo 提到后代，及对后代的危害。

我逻辑刚刚开始做，跟着小分队突击。
时间嘛，很长。这里就不说了。
我做题的体会：1.核心对象2.时间点3.动词
这三个最好都对应，选项完美，如果没有那就选最全的。
还有，把自己当白痴，什么都不懂任何常识都没有，去做逻辑。
这是我的一点点心得，不对的地方请大家指正。谢谢。

作者: fox0923 时间: 2011-11-20 00:32

精炼题：
Premise: he solved s smaller percentage of the cases.
Conclusion: carl is incompetent detective.
Conclusion: carl is incompetent detective.

Weaken:case难度大，都是疑难杂按。
逻辑思路：案件办理的少=/= 办案能力低，不胜任detective
第二题
Premise: laboratory made the fullerenes
Conclusion: geologists can evaluate the state of the Earth’s crust.
Weaken: 满足制造fullerens的条件不能预测Earth’s crust，还会有其他条件。即：多种条件导致Earth’s crust

第一次回逻辑贴，是这样分析吗？而且没有选项啊。谁能告诉我。谢谢

-- by 会员 chensong211 (2011/11/19 23:57:03)

选项是白色字体，chensong用鼠标在每道题的下面drag一下就可以看到了~

作者: fox0923 时间: 2011-11-20 00:35

我站位~~先看看CR怎么回再说

-- by 会员 fox0923 (2011/11/19 22:26:41)

糊糊

糊糊之前写的已经是超级模范了 >,<

-- by 会员 daisyの小夢想 (2011/11/19 22:40:05)

嘻嘻~还是要回去看一下，毕竟和之前的逻辑链不一样，还是细致点好！

作者: Jane412 时间: 2011-11-20 00:46
精练
1、[weaken]
Time：15’
Premise：Carl hassolved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to him, only 1 out of 25
Conclusion: Carlis an incompetent detective
Prephrase: if thecases assigned to Carl are much more difficult compared to those assigned to others,then Carl is an excellent detective

(A) Because thepolice chief regards Carl as the
most capable detective, she assigns him only
the most difficult cases, ones that others have
failed to solve.
-----correct!

(B) Before he became a detective, Carl was a
neighborhood police officer and was highly
respected by the residents of the
neighborhood he patrolled.
----irrelevant. Theprevious situation has nothing to do with the currant performance

(C) Detectives on the police force on which Carl
serves are provided with extensive resources,
including the use of a large computer
database, to help them solve crimes.
-----strengthenthe stimulus. With the help of advanced facilities, detectives should solvemore cases. However, the performance of Carl is bad, so this choice support thestimuli

(D) Carl was previously a detective in a police
department in another city, and in the 4 years
he spent there, he solved only 1 out of 30
crimes.
-----irrelevant.

(E) Many of the officers in the police department in
which Carl serves were hired or promoted
within the last 5 years.
------irrelevant

逻辑链
2、[weaken]
time: 29’’
Background: F havebeen found in nature, formed in fissures of mineral shungite
Premise: the labsynthesis of F requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure
Conclusion:geologists can evaluate hypotheses about the state of the earth’s crust when Fwere formed
Prephrase:maybe there are some other factors are important for F, but they cannot beevaluate in lab. Maybe relate to the mineral shungite. (这个想得不太好。。。#￥%)

(A) Confirming that the shungite genuinely containedfullerenes took careful experimentation.
-----irrelevant. Have nothing to do the conclusion.

(B) Some fullerenes have alsobeen found on the remains of a small meteorite that collided with a spacecraft.
-----irrelevant.

(C) The mineral shungite itselfcontains large amounts of carbon, from which the fullerenes apparently formed.
----irrelevant. Repeat how F formed in nature.

(D) The naturally occurringfullerenes are arranged in a previously unknown crystalline structure.
----correct! Since the crystalline structure is unknown,some situation about the state’s crust when F were formed cannot be evaluate.

(E) Shungite itself is formedonly under distinctive conditions.
-----irrelevant. Repeat the info in stimuli that theconditions are distinctive

3、[weaken]
Time: 30’’
premise:normally, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resultingfrom a fall costs $11000
Premise: a newgrogram can reduce an elderly person’s chances of falling.
The program is desirable for many reasonand costs $12500
Conclusion: thecost of the program cannot be justified.
Prephrase: somefactors affect the high price of the program, thus it can be justified
（这题做的很乱。。。！@￥%）

(A) Among elderlypeople who had followed the program for only a few months, the number ofserious falls reported was higher than it was for people who had followed theprogram for its recommended minimum length of one year.
----irrelevant. Theinfo should be related to the high price

(B) Falls resulting in serious injuries are less commonamong elderly people living in nursing homes than they are among elderly peoplewho live alone at home.
----irrelevant.

(C) A frequent result of injuries sustained in falls is long-termpain, medication for which is not counted among the average per-person costs ofemergency treatment for elderly people's injuries from such falls.
----排除以后就剩它了。。。这题不太会做。。。orz

(D) The new therapeutic program focuses on therapies otherthan medication, since overmedication can cause disorientation and henceincrease the likelihood that an elderly person will have a serious fall.
----irrelevant. Thischoice just explains why the new program can reduce the chances of falling.

(E) A significant portion of the cost of the newtherapeutic program is represented by regular visits by health careprofessionals, the costs of which tend to increase more rapidly than do thoseof other elements of the program.
----irrelevant.

4、[support]
Time: 36’’
BG: V livetogether and consist of an extended family. V live in large or small groupsduring certain seasons.
Premise: seasonalvariation in mortality among young V
Conclusion: thereis seasonal variation in group size
Prephrase: thetime when V have high mortality among young= the time when V live in smallgroup.
the time when V have low mortalityamong young= the time when V live in large group.

(A) It is in thespring and early summer that prairie vole communities generally contain thehighest proportion of young voles.
----irrelevant. Infohave to focus on mortality among young V. besides, the time in this choice ≠ the time in thestimuli

(B) Prairie vole populations vary dramatically in size fromyear to year.
----irrelevant. Theinfo from the stimuli is that the group is related to seasons.

(C) The prairie vole subsists primarily on broad-leavedplants that are abundant only in spring.
----weaken. If itis true, then V should be in large group during spring. However, it’s not whatwe get from stimuli.

(D) Winters in the prairie voles' habitat are often harsh,with temperatures that drop well below freezing.
----weaken.thischoice seems to conclude that V live in small group in winter because of theharsh environment. However, this doesn’t match the info from stimuli.

(E) Snakes, a major predator of young prairie voles, areactive only from spring through early autumn.
----correct！Snakes activeonly from spring through early autumn + major predator of young V → high mortalityamong young V from spring through early autumn. Match the info from stimuli

5、explain
Time：29’’
BG：many dolphins get asmuch as half of their food each day when they perform in the program
Conclusion: the offspring of dolphins feedin the program have a lower life expectancy than those of dolphins feed in thewild
Prephrase: the food that given to thedolphins during the show have negative effect on their offspring. （后来证明这个prephrase太木有想象力了。。。@#￥%）

(A) Sharks that prey on dolphins are less common in theopen seas off the beach than in many other areas of the open seas wheredolphins congregate.
----if it is the reason,then the conclusion in stimuli should be reversed.

(B) Many of the adult dolphins that feed at the beach arefemales that nurse their offspring there.
----weaken. If it’strue, then the offspring of dolphins feed on the beach should have long life expectancy.However, it’s not.

(C) The fish given to the dolphins at the beach are thesame types of fish that dolphins typically catch in the wild.
----weaken. This fail to explain why thereare different life expectancy between the two different group of offspring.

(D) Many dolphins that feed at the beach with theiroffspring come to the beach only a few times a month.
----irrelevant

(E) Adult dolphins that feed at the beach spend much lesstime teaching their offspring how to catch fish in the wild than do other adultdolphins.
----correct! This tellsthe difference between the two groups of offspring and can explain why theoffspring of dolphins that feed at the beach have lower life expectancy.

ps：第一次逻辑链，不知道写的可否。。。真正把原因什么写出来的时候才发现有些理由想的不是很充分。。。
哪里不足还望daisy和各位nn指出来哇。。。~~~~~~

作者: winghyy 时间: 2011-11-20 00:51
精炼题
1. 23s
2. Premise: C solved a smaller percentage of the cases than any other detectives
Conclusion: C is an incompetent detective.
3. 推测：The cases C solved were difficult.
4. A
5. B- irrelevant(police officer)
C- strengthen(C is not able to take advantage of resources)
D- strengthen (always incompetent)
E- irrelevant (other officers)

逻辑链
2. 60s-weaken

remise: F were first found in the lab, but have been found in nature.
Laboratory synthesis of F requires specific temperature and pressure
Conclusion: geologist could infer the state of the Earths crust when F were formed naturally.
推测：The formation in nature is different from that in lab.
D

3. 55s-weaken

remise: the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000. A new program can reduce the chance of falling.
Conclusion: This treatment program will cost more and thus cannot be justified.
推测：The treatment program can also be used for other injuries besides fall.
D

4. 60s-strengthen
BG: the praire vole...
Premise: voles live in large groups from late autumn through winter, however, they love in smaller groups from spring through early autumn
Conclusion: This phenomenon can be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.
推测：the mortality from spring through early autumn is high (or low)?
E

5.55s- explain (support?)
BG:A popular beach has long had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day; many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there.
Premise:Although dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived
Conclusion:their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.
推测：the food offered is different.
E

作者: fox0923 时间: 2011-11-20 01:00
这一楼来弄剩下的逻辑~2-----42s----weaken
P: Only distinctive environment and temp. can make the fullnenes formed in lab.
C: The hypothesis of state of earth's crust should be evaluated while the fullnenes are formed.
Prephrase: The fullnenes are formed by themselves in non-distinctive environment.

(A) Confirming that the shungite genuinely contained fullerenes took careful experimentation.
--this is to support the conclusion.
(B) Some fullerenes have also been found on the remains of a small meteorite that collided with a spacecraft.
--we are talking about the formation of F. under particular environment, yet not the findings of F on the meteorite, this is irrelevant.
(C) The mineral shungite itself contains large amounts of carbon, from which the fullerenes apparently formed.
--the content of mineral S. itself doesn't mention anything about living environment of F.
(D) The naturally occurring fullerenes are arranged in a previously unknown crystalline structure.
--bingo!
(E) Shungite itself is formed only under distinctive conditions.
--support

3---20s-----weaken
P: The emergency treatment for elder people who fall cost $11,000.
P: However, the new program can help people to prevent falling, but it cost $12,5000.
C: Therefore, the new program cannot be justified.
Prephrase：More people will not only pay the emergency treatment, but also pay for the post-treatment fees if not implement the new program.

(A) Among elderly people who had followed the program for only a few months, the number of serious falls reported was higher than it was for people who had followed the program for its recommended minimum length of one year.
-- support the conclusion.
(B) Falls resulting in serious injuries are less common among elderly people living in nursing homes than they are among elderly people who live alone at home.
--nowhere has mentioned nursing homes, this is an irrelevant comparison.
(C) A frequent result of injuries sustained in falls is long-term pain, medication for which is not counted among the average per-person costs of emergency treatment for elderly people's injuries from such falls.
-- bingo!
(D) The new therapeutic program focuses on therapies other than medication, since overmedication can cause disorientation and hence increase the likelihood that an elderly person will have a serious fall.
-- how the new program cure people is out of scope.
(E) A significant portion of the cost of the new therapeutic program is represented by regular visits by health care professionals, the costs of which tend to increase more rapidly than do those of other elements of the program.
--regular visits of health care professional is irrelevant, and also this is to support the conclusion.

有点事情先走，晚点再来补后面的~~
还有就是，那个答案能不能放一下？谢谢daisy拉~

作者: bananazoo 时间: 2011-11-20 01:19
占位~ohyeah~

作者: chensong211 时间: 2011-11-20 15:50

-- by 会员 chensong211 (2011/11/19 23:57:03)

选项是白色字体，chensong用鼠标在每道题的下面drag一下就可以看到了~

-- by 会员 fox0923 (2011/11/20 0:32:08)

谢谢，明白了。昨晚一直没有弄清楚。现在知道怎么分析了。

作者: CHRISTINE2010 时间: 2011-11-20 17:17
占位先吧~~开始跟逻辑~~~
发现逻辑跟之前的不太一样。。。。希望分析的别太离谱~~~
---------------------------------------------------------------------
1：没计时
题干：Conclusion: Carl is an incompetent detective
Premise: He only solve 1 out of 25 cases -smaller than average.
推测：Strengthen: average is 1 out of 5.
Weaken: He only solve cases that nobody else can solve.
Assumption: ??
选项分析：weaken
A: Correct
B: irrelevant
C: support
D:support
E: irrelevant

2：计时的时候完全没看懂
题干：Background: F was found in lab, but then has been found in nature.
Premise: Specific temperature and pressure was needed to found F in lab.
Conclusion: Scientists can infer from the lab information to get information about the crust where F was found.
推测：Strengthen: ??
Weaken: F was proved can be formed in several ways.
Assumption: F found in the lab is the same as the F found in nature.
选项分析：weaken
A: ?
B: ?
C:?
D: Correct
E: support
回顾：少了一个background中的shungite，且题目中说出两个不同概念molecule和chemical combination也没有记下来。

3：20’
题干：Background: Emergency treatment caused by falling cost $11,000. A program can significantly reduce the possibility of falling. This program costs $12,500.
Conclusion: The program can not be justified.

推测：填空: A lot of people want to participate in this program.
选项分析：weaken
A:??
B: irrelevant
C: Correct
D: irrelevant
E:??

回顾：总结题干的时候，把conclusion都丢了。。。怪不得什么都对不了~~

4：34’
题干：Background: Vole breeds year around, and stay in group.
Premise: The vole’s group is big from xx to xx, xx to xx.
Conclusion: Vole’s group size change varies between seasons because the mortality of young voles are different.
推测：Strengthen: from xx to xx, there are more young voles.
选项分析：support
A:Correct
B: weaken
C: irrelevant
D: ??
E: ??

5：27’
题干：Background: A dolphin feeding program feeds about half as much as a dolphin need each day. Life expectancy of dolphins which first came here as adults may not be affected.
Conclusion: But the offspring of these dolphins may not have the same life expectancy as the other dolphins which are breed in the wild.
推测：Strengthen: Man-feeding dolphins do not have enough skill to catch food for themselves.
Weaken: Young dolphins will not be taken here by their parents unless they already learned the skills they need in the wild.
Assumption: ??
选项分析：support
A: weaken
B: ??
C: irrelevant
D:weaken
E: Correct

作者: daisyの小夢想 时间: 2011-11-20 17:19

占位先吧~~开始跟逻辑~~~
发现逻辑跟之前的不太一样。。。。希望分析的别太离谱~~~

-- by 会员 CHRISTINE2010 (2011/11/20 17:17:04)

精练题选了bible的，逻辑链题选了prep的，难度比之前的OG大一点呵呵。

作者: balapupu 时间: 2011-11-20 17:28
新的一期开始喽~~乖乖继续回来做题。。。。
1.【29s】【前提结论型】
P：C solve smaller percent of cases than other detective.
C:C is incompetent detective.
weaken:the cases assigned to C is more difficult than others.
A:

A) Because the police chief regards Carl as the
most capable detective, she assigns him only
the most difficult cases, ones that others have
failed to solve.--R
(B) Before he became a detective, Carl was a
neighborhood police officer and was highly
respected by the residents of the
neighborhood he patrolled.--irrelevant with the experience of C.
(C) Detectives on the police force on which Carl
serves are provided with extensive resources,
including the use of a large computer
database, to help them solve crimes.---support
(D) Carl was previously a detective in a police
department in another city, and in the 4 years
he spent there, he solved only 1 out of 30
crimes.--->support
(E) Many of the officers in the police department in
which Carl serves were hired or promoted
within the last 5 years.--> irrelevant with the other officers.

2.[50s]【因果结论型】
1：P:F first found in Lab and then found in nature-->the environment in the lab is very distinct.-->C:scientists should test the hypotheses the state of the crust when the natural F is formed.
weaken:some character of F found in the lab is not same as the character of F formed in nature.
A:
(A) Confirming that the shungite genuinely contained fullerenes took careful experimentation.-->irrelevant with the experiment.
(B) Some fullerenes have also been found on the remains of a small meteorite that collided with a spacecraft.-->provide other reasons but not weaken the conclusion directly.
(C) The mineral shungite itself contains large amounts of carbon, from which the fullerenes apparently formed.-->same as B
(D) The naturally occurring fullerenes are arranged in a previously unknown crystalline structure.-->R
(E) Shungite itself is formed only under distinctive conditions.--irrelevant with the shungite.

3.[25s]【措施目的型】
P：The usual treatment of the falling juries is $11,000-->the new program that can reduce the chance of people falling, this cost $12,500
C:the new program is unjustified.
weaken:falling will cause other harm and that will bring more cost.
A:
(A) Among elderly people who had followed the program for only a few months, the number of serious falls reported was higher than it was for people who had followed the program for its recommended minimum length of one year.-->support
(B) Falls resulting in serious injuries are less common among elderly people living in nursing homes than they are among elderly people who live alone at home.-->irrelevant with where the people live.
(C) A frequent result of injuries sustained in falls is long-term pain, medication for which is not counted among the average per-person costs of emergency treatment for elderly people's injuries from such falls.-->R
(D) The new therapeutic program focuses on therapies other than medication, since overmedication can cause disorientation and hence increase the likelihood that an elderly person will have a serious fall.-->not weaken the conclusion directly.
(E) A significant portion of the cost of the new therapeutic program is represented by regular visits by health care professionals, the costs of which tend to increase more rapidly than do those of other elements of the program.-->support

4.[34s]【现象解释型】
P:VL live In larger group in autumn and winter than in summer and spring.
C: scientists conclude this phenomena can be explained by the mortality variations.
support:the litters survival rate is low in summer and spring.
A:
(A) It is in the spring and early summer that prairie vole communities generally contain the highest proportion of young voles.-->contrast the information in the passage]
(B) Prairie vole populations vary dramatically in size from year to year.-->irrelevant with the year]
(C) The prairie vole subsists primarily on broad-leaved plants that are abundant only in spring.-->weaken]
(D) Winters in the prairie voles' habitat are often harsh, with temperatures that drop well below freezing.-->weaken
(E) Snakes, a major predator of young prairie voles, are active only from spring through early autumn.-->R

5.【29s】【现象解释型】
P：adults dolphin feed by people is healthier and live longer-->however, their offspring is live shorter.
explain: the offspring feed directly by people lack of the ability to feed themselves.
A:
(A) Sharks that prey on dolphins are less common in the open seas off the beach than in many other areas of the open seas where dolphins congregate.-->irrelevant with the place
(B) Many of the adult dolphins that feed at the beach are females that nurse their offspring there.-->irrelevant with the sex.
(C) The fish given to the dolphins at the beach are the same types of fish that dolphins typically catch in the wild.-->deepen the contradiction.
(D) Many dolphins that feed at the beach with their offspring come to the beach only a few times a month.-->irrelevant with the frequency.
(E) Adult dolphins that feed at the beach spend much less time teaching their offspring how to catch fish in the wild than do other adult dolphins.--R

作者: balapupu 时间: 2011-11-20 17:36
刚才一边回帖的时候，一边在思考一个问题，就是我们发现很多人浏览但是回帖的人少，然后我想起了我第一次回帖的时候，也是像前几楼的几个战友们一样各种忐忑，怕写错，怕写的不好被鄙视，但是还是鼓足勇气去做了，慢慢时间长了，就觉得以前觉得好难的题也没有那么难了，以前我觉得是大牛的人，慢慢的和他们差距边小了，我渐渐也从问问题的变成了回答问题的，我觉得这都是一个过程，只要你勇敢迈出第一步，坚持跟上，其实成功并不遥远，虽然做逻辑链也很费时很耗体，但是不付出怎么会有收获呢~~各位加油吧~~希望看的你们都能和我们一起坚持~~O(∩_∩)O~~~做了5道题，思绪飘了真远。。。。。。

作者: daisyの小夢想 时间: 2011-11-20 20:09

刚才一边回帖的时候，一边在思考一个问题，就是我们发现很多人浏览但是回帖的人少，然后我想起了我第一次回帖的时候，也是像前几楼的几个战友们一样各种忐忑，怕写错，怕写的不好被鄙视，但是还是鼓足勇气去做了，慢慢时间长了，就觉得以前觉得好难的题也没有那么难了，以前我觉得是大牛的人，慢慢的和他们差距边小了，我渐渐也从问问题的变成了回答问题的，我觉得这都是一个过程，只要你勇敢迈出第一步，坚持跟上，其实成功并不遥远，虽然做逻辑链也很费时很耗体，但是不付出怎么会有收获呢~~各位加油吧~~希望看的你们都能和我们一起坚持~~O(∩_∩)O~~~做了5道题，思绪飘了真远。。。。。。

-- by 会员 balapupu (2011/11/20 17:36:29)

bala说得太对了！！没有人一开始就什么都懂的。我们小分队一开始做练习时，都是菜鸟，都是摸索着走的。每日练习其实就是提供一个机会让我们一起前进，每天和大家一起做练习一步一脚印的感觉是无比美好的。所以我们小分队大家都成了很好的朋友，这是多么令人惊喜的事情啊。CD是一个温暖的大家庭，一起努力吧，相信会有各种意想不到的收获的嘻嘻。

作者: daisyの小夢想 时间: 2011-11-20 20:16

占位先吧~~开始跟逻辑~~~
发现逻辑跟之前的不太一样。。。。希望分析的别太离谱~~~

-- by 会员 CHRISTINE2010 (2011/11/20 17:17:04)

哈哈没事没事我们欢迎各种想象想当初@fox @bat @抓等等我们都是天马行空的，当我们中谁写得实在不靠谱时，就会有另一个谁出来指正我们例如某bat，然后再一起讨论分析，所以慢慢就会靠谱了。所以我们有问题可以尽管提出来噢！
还有(爆笑)记得有人问我们为什么越障能写那么长的回忆，我们说我们是各种添油加醋的。
纯粹欢乐一个~~呵呵。

作者: qiuhua01234567 时间: 2011-11-20 22:52
精炼 -- 30s---weaken
Premise：Carl only solve 1 out of 25 cases in the past 3 years

Conclusion: Carl is incompetent detective

Analysis：

A) Because the police chief regards Carl as the
most capable detective, she assigns him only
the most difficult cases, ones that others have
failed to solve.
-------------------------------------------------------------正确，补全gap.

(B) Before he became a detective, Carl was a
neighborhood police officer and was highly
respected by the residents of the
neighborhood he patrolled.
---------------------------------------------------------------只是说明了以前的地位。无关。.
(C) Detectives on the police force on which Carl
serves are provided with extensive resources,
including the use of a large computer
database, to help them solve crimes.
-----------------------------------------------------------这个支持没有削弱
(D) Carl was previously a detective in a police
department in another city, and in the 4 years
he spent there, he solved only 1 out of 30
crimes.
----------------------------------------------------------过去不代表现在，没有说服性。

(E) Many of the officers in the police department in
which Carl serves were hired or promoted
within the last 5 years.
---------------------------------------------------------------无关选项。

逻辑链

2weaken 25S

Background：

Although fullerenes--spherical molecules made entirely of carbon--were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite

Premise：

Since laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure,

Conclusion：

this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.

3：weaken 27S

Backgound：

Economist: On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000. A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling

Premise：obviously desirable for many reasons, this treatment program will cost $12,500

Conclusion：thus cannot be justified

4support 30s

Background：

The prairie vole, a small North American grassland rodent, breeds year-round, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters.

Premise：The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.

Conclusion：Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups

5explain 30S

Background A popular beach has long had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day; many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there.

Premise：dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived

Conclusion：their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.：
在同舍友无尽的摧残下做的，真不淡定，吵死了，可能错很多，明天继续。不回宿舍做了

作者: fox0923 时间: 2011-11-21 01:06
看到大家的参与真的是很开心，证明这个逻辑小分队存在的重要性。

作者: 风无衣 时间: 2011-11-21 21:23
【精炼1-1】
25s
conclusion:Carl is an incompetent detective.
premise:He only solve 1 out of 25 cases assigned to him in past 3 years~a smaller percentage than any other detective on the police force

weaken：my idea:the cases assigned to Carl is much more difficult to solve than other cases.
pay attention: in the past 3 years.

A：the same with my idea~hiahia~
B：irrelevant
C：irrelevant
D：在另一个城市四年的破案率不能weaken conclusion~不能说明carl是一个competent的侦探~
E：irrelevant

【逻辑链1-1】
2、weaken_25s
background information:Although F first found in lab, they have since been found in nature_formed in shungite~
premise:in lab, synthesis of F required distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure~
conclusion:this discovery can help geologists evaluate hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed~
D

3、weaken_43s
average emergency cost for eldly people for injures_$11000
a program can reduce the eldly people's chances of falling
this treatment program will cost $12500
conclusion:the program thus cannot be justified.
C

4、support_39s
premise:Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups.
conclusion:The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.
因果型加强，focus on the conclusion~
E

5、explain_28s
background information: a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day; many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there~
conclusion:尽管最初从这个项目受益的成年海豚都很健康长寿，但是他们的后代的期望寿命比完全野生的海豚低~
E

作者: chensong211 时间: 2011-11-21 21:41

看到大家的参与真的是很开心，证明这个逻辑小分队存在的重要性。

-- by 会员 fox0923 (2011/11/21 1:06:27)

跟了两天逻辑小分队，很受用，很期待每天做5道题目。

作者: zz42050524 时间: 2011-11-21 23:38
1-1
精炼
1）计时 27s
2)逻辑链
Premise: Carl solve smaller percentage (1-25) cases assigned to him than other detectives.
Conclusion: Carl is a incompetent detective.
3）推测
The low percentage data 不等于 incompetent, may be the cases assigned to Carl are extremely difficult and were rejected by other detectives.
4)选项分析：
A，基本和我预测的一致，HOHO
B和carl侦探能力完全没有关系
C信息的全面和设备的便利丝毫没有提到前提的破案百分比，也和能力无关。
D 这个一个support ，
E 其他人的雇佣时间和前提内容没有交叉

逻辑链
2. weaken
1）计时：37
2）逻辑链
Background：F is made of carbon.
P:F is founded in nature. Need various conditions.
C; 根据实验室情况推出自然F形成的环境。
3）推测
做过了————两个F的结构不一样，结论是一个2个不同地方的F的推理，weaken点在两者的差异
(A) Confirming that the shungite genuinely contained fullerenes took careful experimentation.
无关，没有提到两者
(B) Some fullerenes have also been found on the remains of a small meteorite that collided with a spacecraft.
另外一种F和文中两者无关
(C) The mineral shungite itself contains large amounts of carbon, from which the fullerenes apparently formed.
还是直说自然界F的形成，没有两者的问题
(D) The naturally occurring fullerenes are arranged in a previously unknown crystalline structure.
潜台词是lab里的F制作而成，结构肯定已知，两者对比，有差异
(E) Shungite itself is formed only under distinctive conditions.
Support

3. 40s weaken
P: Treatment of a fall cost xxx. A program to reduce the possibility of fall will cost yyy>xxx,
C: The program is unjustified.
推测：
The program costs more => C , weaken point: The program has some benefits that are more valuable.
(A) The long term followed indeed has some efforts, but dose not the bigger weaken point.
(B)无关program,无关题目
(C) Some more valuable benefits，that‘s it。
(D) Support。
(E) Support。

4. support 40s
P： Voles live with big groups from autumn to winter but with small groups from spring to autumn.
C: The seasonal mortality result in the circumstances.
推测：
Some details about the seasonal mortality or some seasonal active preyers of vole.

5. resolve the paradox 45s
P; A program to feed dolphins near the beach makes the elder ones healthy and long lived but makes the offspring short life.
推测： why？ The program limits some ability of young dolphins .

今天才开始做，从1开始吧，英文表达不好就用中文。坚持

作者: mrjihai 时间: 2011-11-22 20:40
错一，总感觉逻辑能看懂难度就不大

作者: ugly5552000 时间: 2011-11-23 16:36
1、33’
Background: Carl is an incompetent detective.
Premise: in the past 3 years, he solved only 1 of the 25 cases that had been assigned to him.
Prephrase: to weaken the argument, the only case Carl has solved was the most difficult one for all other detectives in the past 3 years.
A

A: solving the case other detectives can not is enough to approve Carl is a competent detective.
B: this is irrelevant to the capability of Carl to solve cases.
C: the question is to weaken the argument, if working on the same level and being supplied with the same outfit, but with fewer achievements, this will prove Carl’s incompetence.
D: in 4 years solved only 1 out of 30 crimes, this shows Carl’s incompetence.
E: irrelevant to the question

2、Background: fullerenes, which are exist in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite, were first found in the laboratory.
Premise: the artificial way of synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure. The discovery could test the hypotheses about the state of Earth’s crust at the time the natural fullerenes were formed.
Prephrase: the fullerenes in laboratory were formed accidentally, no one could remember the process.
1’26’’ D
A: the argument focuses on the synthesis of fullerenes, not confirming the shungite genuinely contained fullerenes.
B: it merely claims the discovery of fullerene in other places, irrelevant to the argument.
C: how fullerenes are formed naturally is not the point, irrelevant to the argument.
D: if fullerenes are arranged in crystalline structure, the conditions the arrangement will be different as expected, the test then will be invalid, this will undermine the argument.
E: if shungite is formed under distinctive conditions, the fullerenes are formed in those conditions either, which is in the same direction with the argument.

3、Background: it costs $11,000 to treat an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall.
Premise: a new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person’s chance to fall.
Conclusion: the program will cost $12,500 and thus can not be justified.
Prephrase: those elderly person rarely fall after they participate in the program.

A: the comparison among those who followed the program is irrelevant to the argument.
B: the comparison of living environments is irrelevant.
C: if the medication is counted to the costs of emergency program, the costs of therapeutic program will be much lower compared with that of emergency program, this is the right answer to undermine the argument.
D: the argument is about the costs of 2 programs, not the outcomes of them, irrelevant.
E: how the cost of therapeutic program consists is irrelevant

4、Background: an extended family a group of voles consists often includes 2 or 3 litters.
Premise: the size of the group of voles varies seasonally, large from late autumn through winter, small from spring through early autumn.
Conclusion: the seasonal variation in group size has much to do with the variation in mortality among young voles.
Prephrase: in the season when the mortality of young voles is high, voles consist of large group to protect them, in the season when the mortality is low, small group is enough to them.
50’’ E

A: irrelevant to the argument
B: the argument is about the relation between variation in group size of vole and that in morality of young voles, not the variation in population.
C: not consistent with the argument.
D: merely give the information, irrelevant.
E: as a major predator of voles, when snakes are active from spring through early autumn, the morality of young voles rises, and during this period, voles live in small group, this supports the argument.

5、40’’
Background: many dolphins living in the sea area near a beach get half of their food each day from the feeding program.
Premise: the adult dolphins are healthy, but their offspring have a shorter life than that of dolphins feed exclusively in the wild.
Prephrase: the quality of the adult dolphins which get feeded in the program degrade dramatically, which causes serious influence to their offsprings.
1’08’’ E

A: with the logic in the option, the offspring feeded in the program should be more safer, the life expectancy should be longer, which weaken the argument.
B: the argument concerns the offspring, not their mathers
C: similar food can not explain the low life expectancy of the offspring.
D: similar living situation can not explain the low life expectancy of the offspring
E: since adult dophins are feed, they spent less time to teach the offspring how to live in the wild, then the offspring will not fit to the wild environment, which is harsh for them to live.

作者: UlysessHope 时间: 2011-11-24 17:19
1.
Conclusion: C is incompetent
Premise: C solved fewer cases than any other detective
Weaken: the large number of cases does not insure the high quality of these cases
Analysis of options:
A---Correct
B---"before he...." is irrelevant; we should focus on C's current state
C---this option support the conclusion since C solves fewer cases even with extensive resources.
D---"previously" is irrelevant; we should focus on C's current state
E---since "other offices" does not include detectives only, this option is irrelevant

作者: UlysessHope 时间: 2011-11-24 17:29
剩下的再补吧冒个泡证明我来过。。。 = =|

作者: strayswan 时间: 2011-11-28 23:38
No. 1

29’
P: Carl solves few cases than others do.
C: Carl is not a good detective
Direction: Two concepts are not equal. Quality, besides the quantity, shall be considered.

A. Right！Point out the quality issue.
B. Irrelevant
C. Support
D. Irrelevant, or even support
E. Support

No. 2
42’
Background: Fullerenes made in lab, Also found in nature.
P: Fullerenes made in lab in certain condition.
C: Nature shall be in similar condition when Fullerenes is formed in crust
Direction:
1. the similar condition might not happen in curst, but somewhere else.
2. The lab and nature are dissimilar

A. Irrelevant
B. Irrelevant
C. Irrelevant
D. shows the dissimilar. Provide other reasons and cut the causality
E. Irrelevant

No.3 42’

P: the price is higher than the treatment
C: the treatment can not be justified

Direction:
1. Price is only an issue. Other damage shall be considered
2. Price of treatment is not all the cost one patient shall suffer

A. Irrelevant
B. Irrelevant
C. fit the direction 2
D. support
E. support

39’ support - 事实证明这个我回忆不出完整的逻辑链，这个和时间相关的信息我遗漏了。

P: The vole include litters, number of family changes all over the year
C: The morality of young vole contribute to the size of group

Direction:
1. The proof for the increase and decease of the size and morality rate

A. Irrelevant
B. Irrelevant
C. weaken
D. weaken
E. support

33’ Explain

B: feed program
Fact1. Adult favor
Fact2. Young suffer
Direction:
1. Yung complete rely on the feed. Hence did not develop the capability well.

A. Irrelevant
B. neutral
C. neutral
D. Irrelevant
E. fit

作者: UlysessHope 时间: 2011-12-20 22:58
【精练】
C: C is incompetent
P: he has solved fewer cases than the other detective
weaken: quantatity doesn't assure quality
(A) most difficult cases, ones that others have
failed to solve.-----hit the point
(B) Before ---irrelevant
(C) extensive resources----irrelevant
(D) previously...in another city------irrelevant / only 1 out of 30 crimes----strengthen
(E) within the last 5 years -----out of scope

作者: UlysessHope 时间: 2011-12-21 22:52
2.
background:f were first found in lab; they also have been found in nature
p:lab synthesis of f needs special condition
c: this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.
weaken

(A)took careful experimentation.--- irrelevant
(B)remains of a small meteorite--- irrelevant
(C) The mineral shungite itself contains large amounts of carbon, from which the fullerenes apparently formed.---strengthen?/irrelevant
(D) The naturally occurring fullerenes are arranged in a previously unknown crystalline structure.----排除了其他的就剩它了 structure of f in nature is different from that in lab
(E) Shungite itself is formed only under distinctive conditions.----irrelevant

3.
p:a new program reduces largely elder people's chances of falling but costs lots of money
c: the program cannot be justified
weaken: the program will save money in the future
(A) strengthen
(B) irrelevant
(C) medication is not counted ---medication没算进去，加上可能cost更多
(D) irrelevant
(E) strengthen

4.
info: v live in big group from late autumn through winter and live in small group from spring through early autumn
explanation: The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles
(A) irrelevant，do not mention the mortality
(B) irrelevant
(C) irrelevant/contrary to the stimulus
(D) Winters in the prairie voles' habitat are often harsh, with temperatures that drop well below freezing. irrelevant!(注意！且没提到晚秋)
(E) strengthen
5.
info: many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day along the beach. the adult dolphins are healthy and long-lived, but their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.
(A) Sharks --irrelevant
(B) strengthen/irelevant
(C) strengthen
(D) irrelevant
(E) weaken

作者: lan0604 时间: 2012-2-11 17:25
1
solved a smaller percentage of the cases than other--->incompetent detective
weaken
competent
A

2.
weaken
requires distinctive conditions--->give a test
not that distinctive
B

3
weaken
fall costs 11000, a program reduce chances of fall but cost 12500---> program cannot be justified
can be jusitified
C

4
support
因果性结论
seasonal variation in mortality among young voles--->seasonal variation in group size
E

5
算什么题?assumption?
lower life expectancy than in the wild
E

作者: 木木夕亚 时间: 2012-3-2 18:57

作者: 香樟立夏 时间: 2012-3-3 19:03
嗯，挺好的

作者: leewonting 时间: 2012-3-30 22:10
18
背景：Carl has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to him in the last years
条件：only 1 out of 25, than any other detective on the police force
结论：Carl is clearly an incompetent detective
推测：虽然Carl完成很少量的案子，但是案子的难易程度没有说明，不能直接就说他不是一个好的侦探
选A，Carl处理的都是比较难的案子，那么就削弱了结论

19
背景：Fullerenes, although were first found in the laboratory, have been found in nature
条件：Synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure
结论：The geologists should evaluate hypotheses about the state of the earth’s crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed
推测：在实验室与大自然产生的这种物质是否需要一样的条件呢？
选E，排除法

20
背景：The emergency treatment for an elderly for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000
条件：A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly chance of falling, but the treatment costs $12,500
结论：The treatment cannot be justified
推测：这种新的治疗让老人的摔跤次数降到最低？不再跌倒？
选D，阐述了新治疗方法比旧方法的好的地方

21
背景：Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter
条件：live in far smaller groups
结论：the seasonal variation in group size can be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles
推测：the mortality among the young voles varies with the change of season
选E，这种动物的天敌从春天到秋天活跃，那么影响到young voles的死亡率

22
背景：Dolphins are feed several times a day and many dolphins get as much as half food each day
条件：adults dolphins benefit from the feeding program but the life expectancy of the little dolphins is lower than the offspring that feed exclusively in the wild
结论：helps to explain
推测：比起在野外存活的海豚，靠喂食计划存活的海豚生存能力比较低
选E，（曾犹豫过A，因为有个单词不懂）

作者: xunjiejie5 时间: 2012-4-3 22:43
1 结论：C是一个无能的侦探
前提：He has solved a fewer cases than his colleagus

redicted answer: He always deals with very difficult cases in his work
A
2 F 是一种S的分子的东东，first found in Lab. At the same time, F were also found in nature
Because in lab, F needs special temperature and pressure
So in nature, F needs the same things like F in lab
Predicted answer: another things cause F 的形成
D
Background：一个老人由于failing，cause 的expense 是11,000
前提：新出了一种治疗的方案可以减少failing
结论：尽管有很好的原因，但是12,500的费用是这个项目是没用的
Predicated answer: 这个是有用的，且可以节约cost
C
4 背景：V是一种北美的什么龋齿类的动物，群居，很多
前提：在秋天到冬天，家族人口多；春天到秋天，家族人口少
结论：因为小崽子的死亡高，所以家族人口少

redicated answer:
E
5
背景：有一个项目，喂海豚，一天之内好几次；
前提：成年的海豚在这种情况下生活健康
结论：小海豚在这种情况下没有在野外的存活率高
预测：这种情况不利于小海豚的成长
E

作者: Rena张 时间: 2012-4-4 02:15
终于做完了，第一次做哈，有点time-consuming，不过还是很高兴坚持下来做完了~~~
--------------------------------------------------------
1.
Time: 25''
BG:
Premise: Carl在过去的几年里只完成了比其他侦探少很多的案子
Conclusion: Carl是个无能的侦探
Type: weaken
Prephrase: Carl办理的案子比其他侦探的难
Choice: A

(A)Because the police chief regards Carl as themost capable detective, she assigns him onlythe most difficult cases, ones that others havefailed to solve.

--------correct. It reveals that the case Carl deals with are harder than others, and the harder the cases are, the smaller percentage of the cases assigned to Carl.
(B) Before he became a detective, Carl was aneighborhood police officer and was highlyrespected by the residents of theneighborhood he patrolled.

--------whether Carl is respected by the neighbourhood or not has nothing to do with his working ability.

(C) Detectives on the police force on which Carlserves are provided with extensive resources,including the use of a large computerdatabase, to help them solve crimes.

--------this choice strengthen the conclusion.

(D) Carl was previously a detective in a policedepartment in another city, and in the 4 yearshe spent there, he solved only 1 out of 30crimes.
--------this choice also strengthen the conclusion.

(E) Many of the officers in the police department inwhich Carl serves were hired or promotedwithin the last 5 years.
--------this is irrelevant, it has nothing to do with Carl's caseload and his detective ability.

2, although F是一种由carbon组成的微粒，最早是在实验室中发现的，随后在nature中也发现了F formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite。 Since实验室里合成的F是有特定条件的，如温度和气压，这一发现应该能给地质学家们提供测试案例，用以evaluate和在F自然形成时的地球的地壳有关的假说. ...this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed
Time: 1'37
BG: F是一种由carbon组成的微粒，
Premise: Since实验室里合成的F是有特定条件的，如温度和气压
Conclusion: 在nature中发现了F, 这一发现应该能给地质学家们提供测试案例，用以evaluate和在F自然形成时的地球的地壳有关的假说.
Type: undermine
Prephrase:
Choice: D?

3. 一个老人摔倒的话平均要花1000刀治疗，一项新的therapeutic可以大大减少老人摔倒的几率，但是由于这个program要花费12500刀，所以不合理cannot be justified.
Time: 31''
BG: 一个老人摔倒的话平均要花1000刀治疗，一项新的therapeutic可以大大减少老人摔倒的几率
Premise: 这个program要花费12500刀
Conclusion: cannot be justified
Type: undermine
Prephrase: 一个老人不止摔倒一次，所花的费用远远超过12500刀\ 老人摔倒后复原的费用也很高。
Choice: C

4. PV是一种北美动物，每年生一次，一群住在一起的V主要是由其延伸的family组成，常常有2个以上litters. 从晚秋到冬天，从春天到初秋V通常住在一个大群体里. However, 大部分的V住在小很多的groups. 这种季节性的group size的变化或许可以归因于幼崽的死亡率的季节性变化。
Time: 50''
BG: PV是一种北美动物，每年生一次，一群住在一起的V主要是由其延伸的family组成，常常有2个以上litters.
Premise: 通常从晚秋到冬天，V住在一个大群体里. However, 从春天到初秋，大部分的V住在小很多的groups
Conclusion: 这种季节性的group size的变化或许可以归因于幼崽的死亡率的季节性变化。
Type: support
Prephrase:
Choice: E

5. A beach had a dolphin feeding program, 每天多次给dolphin喂鱼，许多D能在那个beach得到as much as一半的它所需要的食物。尽管第一批从这个program中获益的成年D都很健康长寿，但是他们的后代的寿命却比在野外觅食的小D们短。
Time: 40''
BG: beach had a dolphin feeding program, 每天多次给dolphin喂鱼，许多D能在那个beach得到as much as一半的它所需要的食物
Premise: 尽管第一批从这个program中获益的成年D都很健康长寿，但是他们的后代的寿命却比在野外觅食的小D们短。(Fact)
Conclusion:
Type: explain
Prephrase: 这些小D们失去了在野外觅食的能力~
Choice: E

作者: zly2011 时间: 2012-4-5 16:55
1 23s
premise He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to him in the last 3 years
conclusion Carl is clearly an incompetent detective
推测 the case assigned to him is more difficult.
选项分析 A right B 无关 C 无关对每个人一样 D加强 E 无关

2 50s
background F was found in the nature
premise F requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure
conclusion discovery give scients a test case
推测 this temoerature and pressure are common
选项分析 E

3 42S
background the program will reduce chance of falling
premise the cost pf program is 12500 the emergency cost is 11000
conclusion not justified
推测 if the elderly people fall , he or she will fall again and again .thus cost much money
选项分析 A 无关比较 B 无关比较 C 正确 D 无关 E无关

4 80s
premise volves live in a larger group from late autumn through winter; while living in a smaler group from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups.

作者: zly2011 时间: 2012-4-5 17:01
刚才不小心按了回车。。。。
4 80s
premise volves live in a larger group from late autumn through winter; while living in a smaler group from spring through early autumn
conclusion 由于年轻的死亡率不同
推测 not due to other elements
选项分析 A 削弱 B 无关 C削弱 D 削弱 E 正确

5 37S
premise background dolphin feeeding program
conclusion the offspring live shorter
推测 the offspring can not get food by themselves
选项分析 A 无关比较 B无关 C 无关D 无关E正确

第一次做不知道对不对

作者: sherryli 时间: 2012-4-23 10:41
Question 1:
Premise: He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to
him in the last 3 years—only 1 out of 25—than any other detective on the police force.
Conclusion: Carl is clearly an incompetent detective.
Prephase: Case differences –If the cased assigned to Carl are very tougher than others, the conclusion is weaken.
A.   Correct.
B.   Irrelevant
C.   Strengthen the conclusion on a certain level
D.   Strengthen the conclusion
E.   Irrelevant

Question 2:

Premise:: Although fullerenes--spherical molecules made entirely of carbon--were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite
Conclusion: Since laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure, this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.
Laboratory requires distinctive conditions of temperature and laboratory give a test case for evaluating the state of the Earth’s crust

If the fullerenes found in nature did not exist in Earth, it will weaken the conclusion.
A.   Irrelevant
B.    Irrelevant
C.   Irrelevant
D.   Correct
E.   Irrelevant

Question 3:

Premsie: On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000. A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling. this treatment program will cost $12,500
Conclusion: and thus cannot be justified.
Emergency treatment for a fall cost $11,000 Therapeutic program cost $12,500 this treatment cannot be justified

If the fall cost exceeds the therapeutic, it will weaken the conclusion.
A.   Irrelevant
B.   Irrelevant
C.   Correct
D.   Irrelevant
E.   Irrelevant

Question 4:
Background: The prairie vole, a small North American grassland rodent, breeds year-round, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters.
Premise: Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups.
Conclusion: seasonal variation in mortality among young voles. The seasonal variation in group size
If we can explain why they have seasonal variation in mortality among young voles ( premise is correct), we can support this conclusion.
A.   Irrelevant
B.   Irrelevant
C.   Irrelevant; only refers to spring
D.   Irrelevant
E.   Correct. Because during spring and early autumn their predator are active, the amount of young voles died often. So they live in far smaller groups. In late autumn and winter, because lack of predator, few voles died, so they live in large groups.

Question 5:

Fact 1: A popular beach has long had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day; many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there.
Fact 2: . Although dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived, their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.

Why offspring of dolphins have the lower life expectancy? If dolphins that get used to get food from the feeding program forgot how to catch food in the wild, we will die once they have to survive by themselves. Or if the dolphins got food from the feeding program did not have too many chances to teach their offspring how to prey in the wild, probably it will be a reason why their offspring have a short life expectancy.

a.   Irrelevant. What we concern is to compare the offspring of dolphins that benefit from the feeding program and the offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild. We are not talking about the reason the amount difference in different areas.
b.   Irrelevant.
c.   Irrelevant.
d.   Irrelevant.
e.   Correct

作者: FB小贝 时间: 2012-4-27 19:11
【1】Premise:he has solved a smaller percentage of cases than any other detective on the police force
Conclusion:he is incompetent
weaken-- the cases are very hard
A.right
B.irrelevant
C.strengthen
D.strengthen
E.irrelevant
【2】
Premise

aboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure. Fullerenes have been found in nature.
Conclusion:This discovery give geologists a test case of the state
weaken--differences between nature and laboratory
A.irrelevant
B.irrelevant
C.irrelevant
D.right
E.irrelevant
【3】
Background: On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000.
Premise: A new program reducing an elderly person's chances of falling cost12500
Conclusion: cannot be jusified
weaken-- the benefit of the programm is very good
A.irrelevant
B.irrelevant
C.right
D.irrelevant
E.strengthen
【4】
Premise: spring through early autumn, most voles live in far smaller groups.
Conclusion: it is caused by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.
Strengthen--mortality during that time is high
A.irrelevant
B.irrelevant
C.irrelevant
D.irrelevant
E.right
【5】
Premise:many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there.
Conclusion: their offspring have a lower life expectancy than wild ones.
Explain(support): ability to get food
A.weaken
B.irrelevant
C.irrelevant
D.irrelevnnt
E.right

作者: dwindwin1106 时间: 2012-4-29 15:20
(1)P: C has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to him in the last 3 years than any other detective on the police force.
C: C is an incompetent detective.
Weaken: The case assigned to him may be very difficult, taking him longer time to solve than the others.
Answer: A
A.Correct ------ with the content in this answer, the premise given above fails to lead to the conclusion, weakening the argument.
B.Irrelevant ------ what C used to be does nothing with the argument.
C.Strengthen ------ C solve cases more slowly than his colleagues, even with the same resources, proving C is an inefficient detective. Thus strengthen the argument.
D.Strengthen ------ another example that proves C solve cases slowly.
E.Irrelevant ------ the status of the other officers does nothing with the argument.

(2)P: F have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite, although they were first found in the lab.

: Lab synthesis of F requires distinctive conditions of T and P
C: this discovery should give g a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed
Weaken: the conditions and synthetic method of F may be different from those in nature.
Answer: D
A.irrelevant
B.irrelevant
C.correct
D.irrelevant
E.strengthen

(3)P: the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000

: new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling and will cost $12,500
C: the program cannot be justified.
Weaken: there are more costs other than emergency treatment costs if an elderly person is injured because of a fall.
Answer: C
A.Irrelevant
B.Irrelevant
C.Correct
D.Irrelevant
E.irrelevant

(4)P: PV breeds year-round. a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters.

: PV live in large groups from autumn through winter; live in smaller groups from spring through early autumn
C: The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.
Strengthen: the mortality among young voles during these two periods is different.
Answer: E
A.irrelevant
B.Irrelevant
C.Irrelevant
D.Irrelevant
E.Correct

(5)P: In a dolphin feeding program, fish are given to dolphin several times a day. Many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there.

: dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived
C: their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.
Strengthen(explain): these dolphins have inferior adaption ability
Answer: E
A.weaken
B.Irrelevant
C.Weaken
D.Irrelevant
E.correct

作者: iaoinging 时间: 2012-5-2 16:25
精炼：1. 32s
2.premise: Carl solved only 1 out of 25 cases in the last 3 years.
Conclusion: Carl is an incompetent detective.
3. 不能因为C只solve的数量少就说C incompetent，也许别人比他更少，也许这一个很重要。
4.A
BDE为无关选项，C反而是支持文章的。
第二篇
1). 35s
2). Background: F was first found in the laboratory, also has been found in the nature.
Premise: 在实验室里产生F这种东西需要气温和气压的分离之类的东西。
conclusion：a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.
3）.其实就是implyF这种东西的产生环境在实验室是这样，那么在自然界也这样咯。可是题目忘记考虑自然界环境与实验室环境的差异。如果F在自然界不需要类似实验室的条件。
4）D
ABC为无关选项。E反而是支持文章的观点。
第三篇：1）. 39 s
2）. 平均花费11000如果有一位老人fall。有一个项目可以帮助老人减少摔倒的可能，却要花费12500来formed this program。所以不划算。
3）. 题目中的花费11000只是emergence treatment，也就不包括老人摔倒之后所需的一切花费。所以11000与12500是没有可比性的。
4）. C
ABDE都是无关选项
第四篇：
1）.37s
2）.一种PV的rodent动物，在不同季节有不同群居的生活习惯。秋冬大队一起住，而从春天到初秋小对一起住。
conclusion：The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.
3）.支持这个解释的点必须显示出两者之间有关系，也就是文中的现象就是由于文中结论而产生的。答案应该要显示出不同季节young V的不同。
4）.E
BCD都是无关选项，好排除，
A比较有迷惑性，可以这样想，产生A的原因很多，可以是春夏年少的V比较多，也可以是成年的V比较少。所以A错。
第五篇：
1）48s
2）有一个喂食海豚的项目。很多海豚每天的一半食物来自于这个项目。第一代benenfit from这个项目的海豚都很好，然而他们的后代就不好了比其offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.
3）没思路。

由于没电脑，有pad答得好艰辛哦。原谅我第一次格式不正确吧。加上第五题答案显示不出来，所以目有思路。对不起对不起。明天一定正儿八经做

作者: janexiaochi 时间: 2012-5-2 18:45
计时：24S

premise: He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to
him in the last 3 years than any
other detective on the police force.

conclusion:carl is a incompetent detective

简化模式：because carl solved small precentage of cases , so he is a incompetent detective

推测：even though he has solved small percentage of cases , he is not a incompetent detective 。找一个选项能够证明他并不是不合格的

选项分析：A 。因为分给 carl 的都是难的case，所以虽然破案率低，但是不能说明他不合格。

作者: janexiaochi 时间: 2012-5-2 23:41
弱弱的问一句，正确答案在哪里啊？

作者: Hyo1ee 时间: 2012-5-3 09:57
第一次跟帖，不知道格式对不对~
逻辑链：conclusion: Carl is clearly an incompetent detective

remise: He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to
him in the last 3 years—only 1 out of 25—than any
other detective on the police force
WEAEN: the case Carl handled are difficult than other detectives
He had an long vacation during the last three year.
选A
B 提到过去，无关 C resource 无关 D 提到过去，无关E 提到题目范围以外的人，无关

2.
P：Although fullerenes--spherical molecules made entirely of carbon--were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite. Since laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure
C: this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed
Undermine：the fullerenes found in nature are not from the earth
The conditions created in laboratory cannot simulate the conditions in nature
选B
A:是一个动作，没有结论，不能否定或证明什么
B．不是从地球上来的故不能说明地球的crust的状况，切断逻辑链，其他原因导致结果
C．说mineral 能够形成F的原因，与逻辑链无关
D．说f的结构，无关
E．说的是S的形成条件，无关

3.
P: A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling.
On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000. this treatment program will cost $12,500
C: cannot be justified
逻辑链:emergency treatment 贵11000----program 可以减少emergency-----program 更贵----不合理
Undermine：emergency带来的成本不仅仅是treatment
Program可以减少大于两起emergency
Program的作用可以维持很多年
Program有规模效应

A．逻辑链之外，无关
B. 无关
C．正确。否定前提
D．program 的机理，无关
E．program的成本的一部分，增长快慢，无关
4.
P:Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups.
C: The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.
逻辑链:seasonal variation in mortality----seasonal variation in group size----large group in winter, smaller group from spring to early autumn
SPPORT: mortality during winter is greater?
No other reasons for large group in different seasons
(A)正确
(B) 无关
(C)时间上对不上
(D) 无关
(E) 无关，没提到young v

5.
P:A popular beach has long had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day; many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there.
C: Although dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived, their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.
逻辑链:参加feeding program healthy, long-lived ----?-------offspring shorter-lived than wide
possible Explain: less exercise 不能产生健康生殖细胞？
A.   不能解释
B.   不能解释
C.   无关
D.   不能解释
E.   正确

作者: 纸鸢飞离 时间: 2012-5-4 21:13
（1）时间：19.3''
(2)Background information：没有找到，感觉直接就是论据了
Premise：He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned tohim in the last 3 years—only 1 out of 25—than anyother detective on the police force.
Conclusion：Carl is clearly an incompetent detective.
weaken: Carl's work's quality is very good. Even better than others.
Answer:A because it explains that Carl should handle some difficult problems, so that he lag far behind the quantity.
B: the conclusion is irrelevant with the matters happened before he became a detective.
  C:irrelevant
  D:support
  E:irrelevant
第二题：
1)看题：42.1''
(2)Background information：Although fullerenes--spherical molecules made entirely of carbon--were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite.
Premise：Since laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure,
Conclusion： this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.

(3)Weaken

ther reasons could affect this fullerenes' form.

(4)Right :B
In other conditions, where the fullerenes could be formed. Weaken the premise.
A:retell the premise
C:irrelevant
D:irrelevant
E:support

第三题：
读题：40''
Background information: On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000. A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling.
Premise:Though obviously desirable for many reasons, this treatment program will cost $12,500
Conclusion:thus cannot be justified.
there are other reasons make the program cannot be justified.
Right answer：C，the costs in premise is not the final costs, there are other costs
A：irrelevant
B：irrelevant
D:irrelevant
E:irrelevant
第四题：
1)读题：38''
background information:The prairie vole, a small North American grassland rodent, breeds year-round, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters.

remise:Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups.
Conclusion: The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.(4)right:E
A:irrelevant
B:irrelevant
C:irrelevant
D:weaken
第五题：
(1)读题：28.3''
background information:A popular beach has long had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day; many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there.
Conclusion:Although dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived, their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.
Explaination: something except the program took the negative influence on the offspring's life expectancy.
Right :E explain the indirect reason that leads to the offspring's life expectancy.
A:irrelevant
B无关
C：support
D：irrelevant

作者: spencerX 时间: 2012-5-9 17:29
精练
1.A
Premise:
Carl has solved fewer cases than his colleagues
Conclusion:
Carl is an incompetent detective
推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
Maybe the cases assigned to Carl are more difficult than those assigned to other detectives.
选项分析：
A. Correct. Since the cases assigned to Carl are those other detectives failed to solve, then it is reasonable to infer that these cases are very time- consumed. So there is another reason that can account for the fewer cases Carl solved, and the argument will be serious weakened.
B. We know that when Carl was a neighborhood police, he was respected by the residents of the neighborhood he patrolled, so it is reasonable to infer that he is a competent neighborhood police, but we cannot infer that he will also do well in the position of a detective. So the argument cannot be weakened. This answer is actually out of scope.
C. Carl should have solved more cases provided that all the detectives on the police force on which Carl serves are provided with extensive resources. So the argument may be strengthened rather than weakened.
D. If Carl did worse in another police in the 4 years he spent there, then he may not be a competent detective there. But what he did before is not relevant to the situation we discussed here. So the choice cannot weaken the argument ,actually it may support the argument if Carl does not improve his skills in solving a case.
E. What we talked about here is whether Carl is an competent detectives, so the information about his colleagues cannot weaken the argument.

逻辑链
2.C
Background Information:
F can be found both in nature and laboratory.
Premise:
F found in the laboratory needs conditions such as temperature and pressure.
Conclusion:
Scientists can use F as a tool to evaluate the state of the Earth’s crust at the time F were formed.
推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
F formed in the laboratory are different from those formed in nature.
3. C
Background Information:
The average cost of emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall is $11,000. A new program can decrease the chance of falling.
Premise:
The treatment will cost $12,500.
Conclusion:
The treatment cannot be justified.
推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
Emergency treatment cannot cure the elderly person, and they must spend more money after the emergency treatment.
4. E
Background Information:
The p vole always live together and form an extended family.
Premise:
Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter but in small groups from spring to early autumn.
Conclusion:
The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.
推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
a. When season changes, the mortality among young voles change.
b. There are no other reasons can account for the seasonal group size change.
5.E
Background Information:
There is a program to feed dolphins. The offspring of dolphins feeding at the beach have lower life expectancy compared to other young dolphins.
推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
The genes have been changed?

第一题做过的，所以写的还比较详细。
看到答案了，错了一道...研究去

错误原因：没有读懂题目（a text case)

作者: noreen1027 时间: 2012-5-10 13:10
今天第一天，在纸上写下了。。不好意思回帖~

作者: 卖红薯a 时间: 2012-5-10 23:38
来补昨天的作业，由于第一次练习所以晚了，花了很长时间读题错很多。。。

但是不怕挫折，一定会天天跟帖修炼的！！大家一起加油！
1.
1)计时：50s
2)逻辑链Situation
Background Information:
Carl is an incompetent detective.
Premise:
He only finished 1/25 of all cases that the police station assigned for him.
Conclusion:
He is much incompetent than other detectives in his police station.
3)推测
1/25 of all cases ≠ incompetent.
Incompetent ≠ worse than any detectives in his station.
Since Carl’s cases are extremely hard and complicated cases which need more time than other cases.
4)选项分析：选A
A.Right. Be assigned the most difficult cases needs more time, so he only solved less percent of the cases.
B.Irrelevant.
C.Relevant but not the direct reason.
D.Irrelevant.
E.Irrelevant.

2.
1)计时：1:40s
2)逻辑链Situation
Background Information:
Fullerenes were first found in the laboratory, and then were found in nature.
Premise:
The synthesis of fullerenes in the laboratory requires distinctive conditions like temperature and pressure.
Conclusion:
It’s a test case for the geologists that they need to evaluate hypotheses about the environment that fullerenes were formed.
3)推测The distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure are might the same as now also in the laboratory.
4)选项分析：选E
A.Irrelevant.
B.Irrelevant.
C.Irrelevant.
D.Irrelevant.
E.Right.

3.
1)计时：57s
2)逻辑链Situation
Background Information:
On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person from injuries of falling costs $11,000.
Premise:
A new relative program can reduce the chances of an elderly person from injuries of falling.
Conclusion:
The cost of the program will be $12,500, but it’s not justified even if the program is desirable.
3)推测The cost of the program doesn’t contain all costs of falling.
4)选项分析：选C
A.Irrelevant. talking about the usefulness of the program
B.Irrelevant. not mentioned
C.Right. The final cost doesn’t include the medicine cost, so it depends on how the person was injured.
D.Irrelevant.
E.Support.

4.
1)计时：1:18s
2)逻辑链Situation
Background Information:
The prairie vole lives together, including two or more litters.
Premise:
Most voles live together from late autumn through winter, but they lives in small groups from spring to early autumn.
Conclusion:
The season variation in group is the reason of young vole’s mortality.
3)推测
Young vole’s mortality can be influenced by many reasons, the most important reason is that the larger the group is the better protection from the mature members can give. Under the better protection, young vole can live longer, and then the mortality of the season is higher than other ones.
4)选项分析：选D
A.Irrelevant. talking about the natality, not mortality
B.Irrelevant. has no contribution to the young vole’s mortality
C.Opposite.
D.Right.
E.Opposite

5.
1)计时：1:08s
2)逻辑链Situation
Background Information:
A dolphin feeding program that it gives dolphins fishes several times a day and the food supplement is doubled compete with the supplement of the wild dophins.
Premise:
The dolphins are benefit from the program that they live healthy and long-lived.
Conclusion:
Their offspring have a lower expectancy than it of the wild dophins.
3)推测The program makes the dolphins healthy, but it makes them losing the abilities to protect their offsprings.
4)选项分析：选E
A.Irrelevant. sharks not only prey on wild dolphins, but also prey on the dolphins under the program
B.Opposite.
C.Opposite.
D.Irrelevant.
E.Right.

作者: baseboss 时间: 2012-5-14 20:46
Background Information:
Carl is a detective
Premise:
He only solved very little cases assigned to him --1/25 than the other detective in the last 3 years.
Conclusion:
Carl is suit for his job as detective.

3) 推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
1.Carl's cases is big and difficult than the other.
2.Carl was illed and had a long time not work
3.too much work assigned to him than any other detective.

4) 选项分析：
选择 A
B NOT MATCH THE SUBJECT
C ABOUT COMPUTER HELP IN DATA ANALYSIS，NOT MATCH THE SUBJECT
D Only can show how bad was him
E NOT MATCH THE SUBJECT

2 Background Information:
fullerences can be formed in the lab with some condition
Premise:
fullerences formed in the same condition as in the lab and in the nature.
Conclusion:
the condition to form the fullerences can give some infomation to geologists about the state of Earth's
crust when fullerence formed

3) 推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
1.fullerences formed in the nature is difference with in the lab.
选择 B

3 Background Information:
Emergence treatment for elder people has a fall cost of 11000 dollas.
Premise:
a new treatment can reduce the chance of elder people in the emergence
Conclusion:
this new treatment cost more than emergence treatment in the last year so can not be justified.

3) 推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
people want to use this treatment to reduce the chance in the emergence condition.
the death rate will reduce
people want to live more than to cost more.

选D

4 Background Information:
v-mice live together
Premise:
v-mice live in a large group in last fall to winter and a far small group in spring to last fall
Conclusion:
group size is effected by the death of young v-mice during the season changed

3) 推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
1.v-mice dead a lot during the last fall to winter due to no enough food and too cold.
2.older v-mice will eat young v-mice.
选E 只有此选项和young v-mice有关

5 Background Information:
a program that feed dolphins by people with small fish will give as half of food as dolphins need
Premise:
adult dolphins are health and have a long live.
Conclusion:
offsprings feed by people has lower life expectancy than offspring feed by themselves in the wild

3) 推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
1.offsprings feed by people are more easy to be illed and died.
2.offsprings can not feed themselves with another half food and hungry.

选 E

作者: Shirley55555 时间: 2012-5-14 21:19
1 30''

remise: Carl solved a smaller percentage of the cases than any other detective on the police force Conclusion: He is clearly an incompetent detective.
Weaken: Carl解决的都是大案别人破不了选A BE无关 CD加强答案A
2 49‘’

remise: laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure Conclusion: this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.
Weaken： fullerenes’s temperature and pressure 不能代表Earth's crust‘s。选E ABCD无关
3 45’‘

remise: 老人们摔倒一次治疗费<那个可以保护老人少摔得费用 Conclusion: 不应该采取那个program
Weaken：钱不能衡量健康/少摔两次这个钱就合算了选D A support BCE无关
4、49’‘ Premise: V冬天数目多夏天数目少 conclusion：季节性的数目变化是因为季节性地young V 减少
support：young V夏天因为某种原因数目会减少选E Asupport BCD无关
5 53'' Premise: 1 beach dophine 每天被喂一半的饭量 2 第一代健康但是他们的后代没有野生的后代活得长
conclusion：吃的半饱不利于后代活得长选E ABCD无关

作者: zombiee 时间: 2012-5-15 20:23
1st
1.P：他在过去三年办案率很低比其他侦探
C：C是个无能的侦探
2.办案率低→侦探无能
3.削弱：他办的案子都是高难度的费时间的；
4.选A
B：在他成为侦探之前，无关
C: 他所在的警队有更好的设施，无关
D：他以前在其他城市做侦探，办案率照样低，无关、重复条件
E：很多警官都升职了，无关
2nd
B：Fullerenes在自然界发现
P：实验室合成的F需要特定的条件
C：这个发现提供了一个确定当时地壳运动形成F的自然条件
chain：实验室特定条件→实验室合成F==》自然界形成了F→自然界符合实验室特定条

件
weaken:自然界不是通过合成这种方式形成的；原材料不同，实验室合成F的原料和自然

界根本不同；实验室的合成过程只是自然界的一种而已
A，确定石墨中的F需要很小心，无关：原文已给出确定了
B, “一些”F也被发现在陨石和飞船撞击的碎片，无关
C, 石墨本身含有大量的碳，明显F从之产生，无关或重复条件
D，天然的F排列成未知的晶体结构，bingo
E，石墨形成的条件，无关
3rd
B:老人摔倒的急救措施平均花销11千刀；
P：一个新的治疗项目可以减少老人摔倒的几率；但是花费12.5千刀
C：新的治疗项目不合理
chain：摔倒后急救花费少→合理；治疗后不摔倒花费多→不合理
weaken:治疗后老人以后都不会摔倒；摔倒后的花费不包括后遗症的治疗费；平均急救

费用只是计算了那些生还的老人。。。额；平均急救费用包含了大多数是没多大事儿来

体检的老人，体检费很低；
A，进行了新项目的老人，一些如何另一些如何；无关
B，摔倒发生在哪儿的比哪儿的多；无关
C，摔倒后长期的疼痛医疗费没算在急救费用里；bingo
D, 新的治疗项目如何如何好；无关
E，新的治疗项目费用有增长趋势；加强
4th
B：V是年生的，一群V住在一起，由一个家庭中含2.3个小V构成。V在晚秋到冬季以大群

居，但是从春季到秋季以小群居。
P：这种差异是因为小V在不同季节的死亡率不同导致的。
chain：
explain:秋冬季防止小V冻死所以大群居温度高；秋冬季V的天敌开始活跃大群居防御力

强；
A，春夏季小V的比例高；无关
B，每年V的数量不同；无关
C，V吃的主食在春季多；无关
D, 冬季V的居住环境很差，很冷，取反
E，吃小V的蛇在春季到秋季很活跃，bingo
蛇多→小V少→小群居
题干理解不到位
5th
B:海滩上喂海豚，很多海豚可以在那吃一天食物量的一半。
P：虽然起初得益的海豚是成年的健康长寿的。
C：他们的后代寿命短比野外的海豚。
explain：后代都是要先爹妈学习捕鱼技术的，但是这些成年海豚没机会教；后代由他因导致寿命短了；因为海滩常有海豚导致他们的天敌也被吸引过去，小海豚没跑掉就被吃掉了
A，鲨鱼在海滩以外的水域出现少了比海豚聚集区；如果没E这个可选
B，很多在海滩狂吃的是母海豚；无关
C，海滩上为的鱼和其他地方的一样；无关
D，很多吃海滩鱼的海豚每个月有几次带孩子来；无关
E，吃海滩鱼的海豚比没吃的教孩子捕鱼的时间少了；bingo

作者: smilerene 时间: 2012-5-18 13:59
1 精炼计时：44
Background Information:
Premise: 1 out of 25 to any other detective in the last 3 years
Conclusion: incompetent detective
Weaken: other factors-----评价incompetent的标准不仅仅是数量，还有质量
答案：A
分析
A: 因果型割裂了因果，有因无果。完成数量少是因为难度大，别人无法完成——削弱，不是能力低，相反，可能能力更强才能完成别人无法完成的。
B：无关，范围无关，当DETECTIVE之前和之后没有联系
C:无关，提供什么工具来完成任务不能说明有无能力。原文中有Carl和other detective的比较，选项无比较
D：反了，加强
E：好像是间接的加强了

2 计时：57
BI：虽然f是最先在实验室里发现的，但是自然中也有
P：实验室中产生f要求特殊环境条件
C：在有f的地方，可以通过f在实验室中产生的特殊环境条件来推测自然环境
削弱：自然和实验室不同，自然和实验室中产生f的机理不同，或f到自然中会发生变化
答案：D
看了选项后发现第一遍理解有误
纠正：
B：f最先在实验室里发现，后在自然中一种罕见的矿物石墨中发现
P：实验室中产生f要求特殊环境条件
C：可以利用这一点来评估关于该处地壳状态的假设
答案削弱：f在一个以前不知道的晶体结构中发现------不了解f产生地的晶体结构，无法利用这一点来估计某地的状况了

3. 计时：51
B：传统急救治疗费用11000
P：一种新疗法会减少摔倒的可能
C：费用12500所以不能应用
削弱：一次费用多，但次数少，可行
答案：C 是长期过程，不以急救费用来衡量话费，还有后期治疗费

4. 计时：1?40
B：vole群居
P：秋冬大群体，春夏小群体
C：群体大小的季节性变化可以由年轻vole的死亡数来解释
加强：某些原因导致秋冬利于小vole成活，春秋不利于
答案: E

5. 计时:25
P: feed dolphin 所需的一半食物
C：虽然第一代成长很好，后代寿命短于野生的dolphin
解释：第一代捕食能力减弱，没教好后代如何捕食，后代补不到另一半食物
答案：E

作者: smilerene 时间: 2012-5-18 14:05
第一次交作业，发现思路很混乱，用时也长，看过的转眼又忘了。
其实对于逻辑我一直有一个困惑：
一方面，在读题的时候，有时我们需要抓重点，将不重要或者解题无关的信息过滤掉，这样才能短时内在头脑中有一条清晰的逻辑链。
但另一方面，逻辑题也需要一种精确性，就像daisy版主说的，很多难的题都是从结论的范围和限定条件来考你的，所以我们要注意结论的精准性，就是说我们要注意结论的限定性的词语，还要注意结论、假设和选项之间要表达的事物是否会发生了一点变化。
所以我个人认为这两方面有一点小矛盾，比较困惑。希望后面看到的NN能指点一下啊~~不胜感激……有同样困惑的童鞋也一起分享一下呀~~

作者: adriana2011 时间: 2012-5-24 17:48
标题: 第一次加入逻辑小分队，先做了一个
1) 计时：45s

2) 逻辑链

solves smaller assignment, 1 out of 25-> Carl is an incompetent detective

3) 推测: the task is different, or the task assigned to Carl is far more than others.

4) 选项：选A

A:task有差异，并不是carl is incompetent

B:在care became a tetetive之前的事情，无关

C:Carl所工作的police提供给detectives什么样的资源，无关

D: 在此之前的工作情况，超出范围。而且内容本身有strengthen的感觉

E：在过去五年，carl的同事工作的情况，无关

【逻辑链题】

2.

1）耗时：55s

2）逻辑链：

背景信息：fullerenes首次是在实验室被发现；但是在自然界也发现了，在fissure of the rare mineral shungite形成；

推理链：因为，fullerenes在实验室的合成需要不同温度和压力。结论：这个发现可以成为评估地壳在这些自然的fullerenes形成的事时期的状态的依据

3）猜测不出答案方向

4）选D，但是实际上是排除到最后觉得都不像就选了D

(A)shungite 包含fullerenes无关信息；

(B) Some fullerenes 还被在哪里发现，无关

(C) The mineral shungite其自身也包含碳，无关

(E) Shungite 在什么条件下形成无关

3.1)耗时，30s,

2) the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries for fall 花费11000；A new therapeutic program 显著减低老人falling的机会；

因为这个program花费12500——〉所以不可行。

3）猜测答案：实施这个program,在其他方面还可能减低费用

4) 选：C

(A)比较了接受这个program不同时间段的老人的the number of serious falls 区别，无关

(B)比较了在不同的环境下老人falls的普遍程度；无关

（D）讲的是The new therapeutic program是什么样的治疗方法。无关

（E）讲的是the new therapeutic program 的成本组成的问题，以及和其他program比成本的差异方面。无关。

4.

1）40S

2）推理链：v通常秋冬live in large group, 春夏smaller——〉the seasonal variation in size 因为mortality among young voles

3）加强推测：春夏某种原因（某种春夏的细菌导致很多young voles生病）
4）选E

A:什么时间段highest proportion of young voles.无关

B: Prairie vole populations 年复一年的变化，无关。陈述一个事实

C: PV 以broad-leaved plants为食，无关。有点weaken的感觉

D: 冬天PV的居住环境，无关Winters in the prairie voles' habitat

E:正确：蛇are active only from spring吃pv，加强了推理的前提

5.

1）36s

2) feeding program; many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day;

差异点：dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived,但是：their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.
3）解释猜测：野外捕食锻炼了fish游得速度，遇到捕食者可以快速逃生

4）选E

A: Sharks 在哪里多还是少，无关

B:feed at the beach大多数是哪一类dolphins，无关；

C:The fish given to the dolphins at the beach 和野生被抓捕的鱼是否相同，无关

D: Many dolphins that feed at the beach with their offspring来沙滩的次数，无关

E：捕食技能和生存有关，正确！

作者: 二楼往下掉 时间: 2012-5-24 20:59
1.weaken
1) 计时：30s
2) 逻辑链Situation
Premise:
He solved 1/25 the cases that on the police force in last 3 years
The percentage is smaller than any other detectives
Conclusion:
C is an incompetent detective.
3) 推测：
(1)The cases are more difficult than others.
(2)The quantity of the cases is larger than others.
4) 选项分析：选A
A.符合预测（1）
B. a neighborhood police officer and was highly respected by the residents不能证明C不是个incompetent detective
C. detective都使用computer，不能证明C是好还是不好
D. support，证明C 确实incompetent
E. 无关选项

2.undermine
1) 计时：30s
2) 逻辑链Situation
Background：
Although fullerenes--spherical molecules made entirely of carbon--were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite.
Premise:
Since laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure
Conclusion:
This discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.
3) 推测：
4) 选项分析：选D
A. support
B. 不能否定前提
C. 无关
D. 答案
E. S本身的形成要求严格条件，但不能就此说明F也需要严格条件形成

3.undermine
1) 计时：30s
2) 逻辑链Situation
Background：
On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000.
Premise:
A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling. Though obviously desirable for many reasons, this treatment program will cost $12,500
Conclusion:
cannot be justified
3) 推测：
$11.000只是treatment的费用
4) 选项分析：选C
A. 只是说明这个program有效果，但是不能证明$12500为什么合理
B. 无关比较
C. 正确答案
D. support
E. support

4.support
1) 计时：30s
2) 逻辑链Situation
Background：
The prairie vole, a small North American grassland rodent, breeds year-round, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters.
Premise:
Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups.
Conclusion:
The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles
3) 推测：
(1)example：in the winter the mortality is high
(2)类比其他一种动物有相同的习性
4) 选项分析：选D
A. contain the highest proportion of young voles没有提到死亡率，反而说幼年比较多，weaken
B. 无关
C. 无关
D. 正确答案
E. weaken，其他解释

5.explain
1) 计时：30s
2) 逻辑链Situation
Background：
A popular beach has long had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day; many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there..
Premise:
dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived
Conclusion:
their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.
3) 推测：
(1)喂的食物对海豚后代有害
(2)成年海豚捕食能力退化，不能教小海豚捕食
4) 选项分析：选E
A. 不能解释为什么小海豚寿命短了，这样说应该是寿命更长了
B. 同A
C. 同A
D. 无关
E. 同(2)正确答案

第一次发，不知道这样发可以不，有的问题我实在是用英语解释不出来。。。

作者: meabh 时间: 2012-5-27 12:58
1.(1) Time: 17s
(2) Category: weaken
(3) Logical pattern:
Premise: Carl solved fewer cases than other detectives
Conclusion: Carl is incompetent
(4) Prephrase: The cases assigned to Carl are more difficult
(5) Analysis:
(A) Because the police chief regards Carl as the most capable detective, she assigns him only the most difficult cases, ones that others have failed to solve. -----------------------Correct. The choice matches with the Prephrase.
(B) Before he became a detective, Carl was a neighborhood police officer and was highly respected by the residents of the neighborhood he patrolled. -----------------------Irrelevant.
(C) Detectives on the police force on which Carl serves are provided with extensive resources, including the use of a large computer database, to help them solve crimes. -----------------------Support the conclusion.
(D) Carl was previously a detective in a police department in another city, and in the 4 years he spent there, he solved only 1 out of 30 crimes. -----------------------Partly support
(E) Many of the officers in the police department in which Carl serves were hired or promoted within the last 5 years. -----------------------Irrelevant

2.(1) Time: 29s
(2) Category: weaken
(3) Logical pattern:
Background: F was found in lab and in nature of S.
Premise: In lab F required distinctive conditions
Conclusion: In nature can determine the state when F occurred.
(4) Prephrase: Synthesized F is different from natural F.-------D

3.(1) Time: 20s
(2) Category: weaken
(3) Logical pattern:
Background: Treatment for falling is $11000 and program can reduce the incidence.
Premise: Program costs $12500
Conclusion: Costs cannot be justified.
(4) Prephrase: The saving for other aspects-------C

4.(1) Time: 44s
(2) Category: support
(3) Logical pattern:
Background: V consists of extended group
Premise: V group is larger from autumn to winter and smaller from spring to autumn.
Conclusion: The variation results from the mortality of young V.
(4) Prephrase: The number of young V is greater from spring to early autumn.--------E

5.(1) Time: 29s
(2) Category: explain
(3) Logical pattern:
Background: Dolphins are given food in a beach
Paradox: Adults are healthy while offspring has a lower expectancy.
(4) Prephrase: Offspring loses the ability to predate food. -------------E

作者: isa0709 时间: 2012-5-28 22:24
1.   Carl is clearly an incompetent detective. He has
solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to
him in the last 3 years—only 1 out of 25—than any
other detective on the police force.
Which one of the following, if true, most seriously
weakens the argument above?
--BIBLE WEAKEN NO.1
1.   计时 26S
2.   逻辑链：
Premise: He has
solved a smaller percentage of the cases than any
other detective on the police force.
Conclusion: Carl is clearly an incompetent detective.
3.   答案预测：不能仅由solved a smaller percentage 推出incompetent detective
4.   答案分析：53S A

作者: emmasy 时间: 2012-5-31 23:53
第一题
premise:Carl has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to
him in the last 3 years than any other detective on the police force.
conclusion:Carl is clearly an incompetent detective
A.对。他因削弱
B.无关选项
C.support
D.support
E.无关选项

第二题
background:fullerenes have been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite.
premise:laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure
conclusion:scientists can evaluate hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed by using this discovery.
A.无关
B.无关
C.support
D.他因削弱
E.无关

第三题
background：On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000
premise:A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling
conclusion:this treatment program will cost $12,500 and thus cannot be justified.
A.无关
B.无关
C.他因削弱
D.无关
E.support

第四题
事实： Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups
解释： a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.
A.无关
B.无关
C.削弱
D.削弱
E.support

第五题
backgroud：many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there
premise:dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived
gap:their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild
A.无关
B.无关
C.无关
D.无关
E.解释

作者: emmasy 时间: 2012-6-1 16:47
这个答案在哪里呀？

作者: jetyxo 时间: 2012-6-2 22:58
精炼题： conclusion:Carl is an incompetent detector
premise： he only solve smaller percent cases in the past 3 years
weaken: solving smaller percent of cases doesn't means incompetent, may be these cases are very difficult
A---right
B---irrelevant ，there is no relationship with the premise
C---support
D---support
E----irrelevant

逻辑链 1、premise 1：fullerense can be synthesize in lab， they were also found in natural
premise 2：synthesizing fullernese in lab needs certain temperature and pressure
conclusion： can use these information in lab to deduce the condition of earth
weaken：synthesizing the fullernese naturally needs conditions that are different in lab
A B C E irrelevant，D is the right answer，D tells the natrally formed fullernese is in a crystalline structure never konwn before, so that the conditon needs to form this kind of fullernese is totally different from the lab experiment

逻辑链 3、premise：emergency treatment costs $11,000. A new therapeutic program costs for $12,500
conclusion: the new therapeutic program is not justifiable
weaken: the new therapeutic program can reduce other treatment fees,thus costs less than the emergency treatment entirely
A B D E irrelevant, C is the right answer.
逻辑链 4、premise：Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter;most voles live in far smaller groups from spring through early autumn
conclusion：this variation is due to seasonal mortality among young voles
reason：something happened during the spring to the early autumn impede the vole population growth
E is right
逻辑链 5 premise: dolphin at the beach are feeded several times a week，they are healthy and live long time，but their offsprings have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.
reason：there is a different between offspring of the feeded dolphin and the offspring of wild dolphin
E is right

作者: bet 时间: 2012-6-3 23:25
6月3日【2-1】

15"
premise: Carl has solved a smaller percentage of cases than others have.
conclusion: He is an incompetent detective.
推测：There are other standards to measure one detective's ability.
选项：A正确 B C D E均为无关选项

1'05"
BG:fullerenes have been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite.
P:laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure
C:geologists could hypothese about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed
预测：不会推测
看了选项觉得选B

30”
P:treatment of a fall costs 11000, a therapeutic program to prevent a fall costs 125000
C:the program cannot be justified
预测：做一次program可以减少很多次摔倒的费用
觉得选C

27”
P: Voles live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups.
C: The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.
预测：自然原因使voles的数量在春天到秋天期间减少了
选E

32”
P: many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there.
矛盾：Athough dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived, their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.
预测：人工喂食降低了海豚抵抗predator和自然灾害的能力
选E

作者: bet 时间: 2012-6-4 19:29
请问可以在哪个群里讨论呢？麻烦版主再给一下吧
想请教大家第二题的B为什么不对如果在陨石上发现了F，不是说明F不一定是在earth's crust里产生的，不就削弱了吗
求解答啊！！！

作者: penguinsdz 时间: 2012-6-5 11:44
标题: 6.04+【1-1】
6.04+【1-1】

1. Carl is clearly an incompetent detective. He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to him in the last 3 years—only 1 out of 25—than any other detective on the police force.
Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
(A) Because the police chief regards Carl as the most capable detective, she assigns him only the most difficult cases, ones that others have failed to solve.
(B) Before he became a detective, Carl was a neighborhood police officer and was highly respected by the residents of the neighborhood he patrolled.
(C) Detectives on the police force on which Carl serves are provided with extensive resources, including the use of a large computer database, to help them solve crimes.
(D) Carl was previously a detective in a police department in another city, and in the 4 years he spent there, he solved only 1 out of 30 crimes.
(E) Many of the officers in the police department in which Carl serves were hired or promoted within the last 5 years.

Background Information:
Carl is clearly an incompetent detective.
Premise:
He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to him in the last 3 years- only 1 out of 25.
Conclusion:
He is less incompetent than any other detective on the police force.

推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
the number of the cases solved by him≠the difficulty of the cases solved by him
极端值大, He was assigned only the most difficult cases.

选项分析：选A

2. Although fullerenes--spherical molecules made entirely of carbon--were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite. Since laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure, this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument?
(A) Confirming that the shungite genuinely contained fullerenes took careful experimentation.
(B) Some fullerenes have also been found on the remains of a small meteorite that collided with a spacecraft.
(C) The mineral shungite itself contains large amounts of carbon, from which the fullerenes apparently formed.
(D) The naturally occurring fullerenes are arranged in a previously unknown crystalline structure.
(E) Shungite itself is formed only under distinctive conditions.

Background Information:
Fullerenes were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature.
Premise:
Laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure

Conclusion:
The discovery can help geologists to evaluate hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust.

选项分析：选D

3. Economist: On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000. A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling. Though obviously desirable for many reasons, this treatment program will cost $12,500 and thus cannot be justified.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the conclusion of the argument?
(A) Among elderly people who had followed the program for only a few months, the number of serious falls reported was higher than it was for people who had followed the program for its recommended minimum length of one year.
(B) Falls resulting in serious injuries are less common among elderly people living in nursing homes than they are among elderly people who live alone at home.
(C) A frequent result of injuries sustained in falls is long-term pain, medication for which is not counted among the average per-person costs of emergency treatment for elderly people's injuries from such falls.
(D) The new therapeutic program focuses on therapies other than medication, since overmedication can cause disorientation and hence increase the likelihood that an elderly person will have a serious fall.
(E) A significant portion of the cost of the new therapeutic program is represented by regular visits by health care professionals, the costs of which tend to increase more rapidly than do those of other elements of the program.

Background Information:
On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000.
Premise:
Previous treatment costs 11000; a new therapeutic program costs 12500 and it can significantly reduce an elderly person’s chances of falling.
Conclusion:
The new therapeutic program will cost $12500 and thus cannot be justified.

推测(Prephrase: mentally formulate your answer to the question stem)：
long-term medication costs≠the average per-person costs of emergency treatment
选项分析：选C

4. The prairie vole, a small North American grassland rodent, breeds year-round, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters. Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups. The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.
Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest support for the explanation offered?
(A) It is in the spring and early summer that prairie vole communities generally contain the highest proportion of young voles.
(B) Prairie vole populations vary dramatically in size from year to year.
(C) The prairie vole subsists primarily on broad-leaved plants that are abundant only in spring.
(D) Winters in the prairie voles' habitat are often harsh, with temperatures that drop well below freezing.
(E) Snakes, a major predator of young prairie voles, are active only from spring through early autumn.

Background Information:
A group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family.
Premise:
Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter, but live in far smaller groups from spring through early autumn.
Conclusion:
The seasonal variation in group size can probably result from a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.
选项分析：选E

5. A popular beach has long had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day; many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there. Although dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived, their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.
Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the lower life expectancy of offspring of dolphins feeding at the beach compared to other young dolphins?
(A) Sharks that prey on dolphins are less common in the open seas off the beach than in many other areas of the open seas where dolphins congregate.
(B) Many of the adult dolphins that feed at the beach are females that nurse their offspring there.
(C) The fish given to the dolphins at the beach are the same types of fish that dolphins typically catch in the wild.
(D) Many dolphins that feed at the beach with their offspring come to the beach only a few times a month.
(E) Adult dolphins that feed at the beach spend much less time teaching their offspring how to catch fish in the wild than do other adult dolphins.

Background Information:
A popular beach has long had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day; many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there.
Premise:
Although adult dolphins are healthy and long-lived, their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the world.
Conclusion:
the lower life expectancy of offspring of dolphins feeding at the beach compared to other young dolphins
选项分析：选E

作者: karafl 时间: 2012-6-6 20:58
ding

作者: LuckyYolandaLi 时间: 2012-6-15 20:10
逻辑是我的弱项（我的问题所在：意思理解不准+速度慢），今天第一次参加这个逻辑练习，贴上我自己的做题情况（估计有很多不正确的地方吧。。。），我做CR的时候总有很不确定的感觉。。。

1.
1）计时：32s
2）逻辑链：
Premise: Carl has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to him in the last 3 years than any other detective on the police force.
Conclusion: Carl is clearly an incompetent detective.
3）推测：
solve less cases≠incompetent
Some other reasons that lead to the outcome: the cases given to Carl may be more difficult to solve; recently Carl has been busy dealing with other affairs so that he has no sufficient time to solve so many cases
4）选项分析：选A
B: irrelevant
C: 有点strengthen的感觉。。。
D: 同C
E: irrelevant

2.
1）计时：70s
2）逻辑链：
Background: Although fullerenes were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite.
Premise: Laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure
Conclusion: This discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.
3）推测：
found in the laboratory≠synthesized in the laboratory
Some other reasons that lead to the outcome: although the fullerenes were found in the laboratory, maybe they were brought to the laboratory from nature.
4）选项分析：选D
A: irrelevant
B: irrelevant
C: irrelevant
E: irrelevant

3.
1）计时：60s
2）逻辑链：
Premise: On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000. A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling. This treatment program will cost $12,500.
Conclusion: This treatment program cannot be justified.
3）推测：
Cost is not the only criterion.
Some other reasons that lead to the outcome: the injury resulting from a fall may has some significant, negative impact on one's health in future.
4）选项分析：选C
A: irrelevant
B: irrelevant
D: irrelevant
E: 貌似strengthen了

4.
1）计时：68s
2）逻辑链：
Background: The prairie vole breeds year-round, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters.
Premise: Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups.
Conclusion: The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.
3）推测：
Maybe, the mortality among young voles is higher from late autumn through winter, so they can receive more protection in a large group.
4）选项分析：选D（错了。正确答案E）
A: irrelevant
B: irrelevant
C: irrelevant
E: 貌似weaken了
额，做完看了答案后知道这题选错了，应该选E，不过还是不太理解。。。

5.
1）计时：60s
2）逻辑链：
Background: A popular beach has long had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day; many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there.
Premise: Dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived.
Conclusion: Their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.
3）推测：
后代从小就被人喂养，所以自己寻找食物等自我生存的能力差。
4）选项分析：选E
A: irrelevant
B: irrelevant
C: 更不能explain了
D: irrelevant

作者: syhe89 时间: 2012-6-16 05:42
6.15 + （1-1）
1. 精炼
Premise: Carl only assigned 1 out of 25 cases in the last 3 yrs, which less than any other detective on the police force.
Conclusion: Carl is clearly an incompetent detective.
Prephrase: Maybe he just focused on very hard and difficult cases. Although he only assigned 1 out of 25 cases, the only 1 case is the one that no other detective can help with.
不能只用解决案子的数量来衡量一个探员的能力

逻辑链
2. Premise：the laboratory discover that fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure.
Conclusion: this discovery could give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the earth’s crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.
Weakness: 1) the state of earth’s crust was complicated which may be not able to be evaluated by using the fullerenes. 2) the laboratory discovery cannot be applied in the real situation.

3. Premise: the new treatment program could help reduce an elderly person’s chances of falling, but this treatment costs $12500, which is more expensive than the emergency treatment for falling injuries $11,000.
Conclusion: therefore, if this treatment program is valuable cannot be justitied.
Weakness: Although the new program costs more than the injuring treatment, it still can reduce the chance to fall. Elderly person can avoid the falling injury and can avoid the pain and damage from the injury. Therefore, it can be valuable although it is expensive.
Answer: (C )
4. Premise: Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn they live in far smaller groups.
Conclusion: the seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in morality among young voles.
Support: the far smaller groups can make young voles have more food can eat. Can easier to hide themselves and did not be attacked.
Answer: D

5:
Premise: dolphin lived in a popular beach can be feeded as much as half of their food each day there.
Conclusion: Adults dolphins are healthy and long-lived, but their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.
Support: 1) the young dolphins lose their ability to predation. They rely on the feeding. When off season, the people who went to the beach reduced, they may die for short food.

作者: angelafeng 时间: 2012-6-18 22:30
1题：计时：28s
Situation：
Premise：He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to him in the last 3 years—only 1 out of 25—than any other detective on the police force.
conclusion：Carl is clearly an incompetent detective.
推测削弱题，他的case比别人的都难所以解决的才少。
A) Because the police chief regards Carl as the
most capable detective, she assigns him only
the most difficult cases, ones that others have
failed to solve.
--------------------------correct
(B) Before he became a detective, Carl was a
neighborhood police officer and was highly
respected by the residents of the
neighborhood he patrolled.
------------------------- Carl以前干什么与现在无关
(C) Detectives on the police force on which Carl
serves are provided with extensive resources,
including the use of a large computer
database, to help them solve crimes.
---------------------------支持论点而不是削弱
(D) Carl was previously a detective in a police
department in another city, and in the 4 years
he spent there, he solved only 1 out of 30
crimes.
---------------------------似乎还是加强
(E) Many of the officers in the police department in
which Carl serves were hired or promoted
within the last 5 years.
---------------------------无关选项

2题：45s
Background information：Although fullerenes--spherical molecules made entirely of carbon--were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite.
Premise：Since laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure,
Conclusion：this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.
在自然中和在试验中的fullerenes不一样

3题：38s
Background information： On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000. A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling.
Premise： this treatment program will cost $12,500
Conclusion：thus cannot be justified.
一些因素使这个program话费变高。

4题：40s
Background information：The prairie vole, a small North American grassland rodent, breeds year-round, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters.
Premise：Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups.
Conclusion：The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.
from late autumn through winter，young voles死亡率低，from spring through early autumn，young voles死亡率高。

5题：35s
premise：A popular beach has long had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day; many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there.
Conclusion：Although dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived, their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.
在这个popular beach一些条件不利于offspring of dolphins生长

作者: 呵呵牙 时间: 2012-6-19 10:25
一直有点忙，都没有好好做题，从今天开始补救~~~
1. 35s
Premise: Carl solved a smaller percentage of the cases 1 out of 25 than others on police force.
Conclusion: He is an incompetent detective.
Prephrase: Compare Carl and other detective, solved few cases but more difficult than others.
选A
B (before became a detective)——irrelevant
C (extensive resource)——support conclusion
D (1 out of 30)——support conclusion
E (other officers)——irrelevant

2. 40s
Background Information: fullerenes were first found in the lab, it formed in fissures of rare mineral shungite in nature
Premise: lab synthesis of fullerenes require distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure
Conclusion: the discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses
Prephrase: fullerenes is not the only one reason about the earth’s crust
选D

3. 27s
Background Information: On average, the emergency treatment for elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000
Premise: a new program can reduce an elderly person’s chances of falling
Conclusion: this new program will cost $12,500 and cannot be justified
Prephrase: the new program reduces more elderly persons injured and compares previous total cost is decrease.
选C

4. 40s
Background Information: the prairie vole breeds year-round and a group of voles living together consist primarily of an extended family
Premise: in late fall through winter, voles live in large groups; from spring to early autumn, voles live in small groups
Conclusion: the seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles
Prephrase: different season will affect young voles and group change from large to small because voles’ death
选E

5. 35s
Premise: a beach had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day; many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there
Conclusion: dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived, but their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild
Prephrase: the fish given to dolphins have some different between the beach and wild; the program will be harmful to offspring
选E

作者: sachsandciti 时间: 2012-6-20 05:49
re

作者: jiajiajudy 时间: 2012-6-21 07:02
CR 一天不做就有罪恶感了

1. Carl is clearly an incompetent detective. He has
solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to
him in the last 3 years—only 1 out of 25—than any
other detective on the police force.
Premise: he solved a smaller percentage of the cases than others in last 3 years
Conclusion: Carl is clearly an incompetent detective
Flow: low rate of success because the cases are very difficult than others
A
2. Background: Although fullerenes--spherical molecules made entirely of carbon--were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite. Premise: Since laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure, conclusion: this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.
B

3. Economist: BG: On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000. Premise: A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling. Counter premise: Though obviously desirable for many reasons, this treatment program will cost $12,500 and conclusion: thus cannot be justified.
C

4.BG: The prairie vole, a small North American grassland rodent, breeds year-round, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters. Premise: Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; counter premise: from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups. Conclusion: The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.
E

5. Premise: A popular beach has long had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day; many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there. Counter premise: Although dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived, conclusion: their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.

Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the lower life expectancy of offspring of dolphins feeding at the beach compared to other young dolphins?
E

作者: cleotina 时间: 2012-6-24 16:10
跟帖

作者: cleotina 时间: 2012-6-24 17:52
逻辑 season 1-1
1
20'
Q：weaken
P: Carl has solved a smaller percentage of the cases than any other detective on

the police office , the percentage is 1:25
C: He is clearly an incompetent detective
Guess:
1, all the detectives in his office are excellent detectives. and 1:25 is a higher

percentage in the field
2, Since Carl is the top detective in the office, all the cases resigned to him are

tough ones, so there is no way to make a comparison with his colleages
OA : A the same as the second item above
B: Irrelevant
C: said Carl take in charge other work, which sound like irrevant
D:strong
E:strong

2,
1'26''(犯了回视的毛病)
Q：weaken
B：F was first found in the labrary, However, it has been found in the nature before this found
P: the synthesis of F in the lab needs detective condition: temperature, press
C: the process of synthesis F will help the geologist discover the consition of the curst of the earth at the time these F ocurring
Guess:
1,the form of F need different condition between in the Lad and in the nature
2,the synthesis of F is a fortuitous thing, the specify record about the requirement is not convicing
OA: D the structure of F in the nature is uncertain, So it can not sure F formed in the lab and those formed in the nature share the same structure, no matter condition.
A: Irrelevant
B：irrelevant
C: Irrelevant
E：Irrelevant or weaken but not as effect as D

3
38''
Q: weaken
P:emergency treatment for an older person for injuries resulting from fall coast 11$, a new method can prohhibit the older from falling but cost 12$
C: althoutgh the method is desirable, but can not be justified
Guess：
1, a person has the risk of falling several times, then the cost will high
2, although the emergency is 11$, but after that still need more care and treatment, the total mount of money is rather high
3, although the method is higher than a treatment, people would like pay more to have a health body
OA: C the same as the second term above
A: rrelevant
B: Irrelevant
D: say the feck weakness of the new theriohy, sound like suport the conclusion
however the main point in this question is the budget, so it is irrelevant
E: support

4
45''
Q: support
B:a kind of birs live in a place, they live in group
P:from fall-winter they live in a large group, from spring-summer they live in a small group
C: the variation in group can probobly explain the mortality among the young birds
guess:
1,there is a distinct variation in the mortality of young birds, and the change is in the same pace of the variation of the group size
2,a kind of material will produced when in a large or maybe small group, and this material is vital for the living of the young birds
3,when the weather is cold more young bird will die, their parents are sad and the get togtether to console each other. the more birds together they will fell better
OA:E：directly indicate the main reason of rise of the mortality of the young bird. which lead to the number of the group decrease
A:about the birth of the young but not the death of the young Irrelavant
B:Irralebant
C:maybe this can explain the death of all the group. but not the young birds Irrelevant
D: the same as the choice C

5
50''
Q: explain the phenomenon
B:a kind of dolphin feed in the beach, half of the food from the artifical feed half of it from hunt in the nature
result: the first generation come to this program as adult have the same life expectancy, but the second genetation live a short life than the nature ones, as well as their parents, do.
Guess:
1:since they were born in a place with part of the food they need, so most of the dolphin maintain a habit that eat half. thus die early.
2: the dolphin born in the program place lack of hunting exercise, and it very hard for them to fight against the dolphins bron and grown in nature
3: the dolphins's parents in the program become lazy to teach baby dolphin hunting
4: the dolphin live in the program with a low dangerous enviroment, which lead to them not weary enough to hind shark, the dolphin's main predator. thus, many of the adolescents be preied when they hunt out
OA:E the same as the term 3
A: weaken
B: Irrelavant
C: Irrelavant
D: Irrelavant

作者: monkeypp 时间: 2012-6-26 04:16
怎么能看见隐藏的答案呢？

作者: daisyの小夢想 时间: 2012-7-5 09:25

怎么能看见隐藏的答案呢？

-- by 会员 monkeypp (2012/6/26 4:16:07)

比如这个：
Key:(答案藏在此哦哈)
A DCEE
答案是白色字体隐藏了。
左键拉开，复制一下这段文字的动作，就会看到隐藏的白色字体。

作者: 莞尔1990 时间: 2012-7-10 22:59
谢谢

作者: jane1102 时间: 2012-7-13 10:38
每日逻辑小分队，这次我一定要坚持到最后。
一：完整逻辑链
premise
He has solved a smaller percentage of cases assigned to him in the last 3 years-only 1 out of 25-than any other detective on the police force.
Conclusion
Carl is clearly an incompetent detective.
二：推测
This premise contains tow flaws.
Firstly, this argument indicates that Carl solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to him in the last three year. I have to indicate that if Carl in the smartest detective in this police field. It’s no strange that his leader always assign some complex cases for him to resolve. Under this situation, Carl couldn’t resolve these difficult cases thoroughly.
Secondly, this argument indicates that Carl has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned only 1 out of 25. The author just compare this data with other detectives on the police force. In other words, may be on a larger field, Carl’s resolved cases data is really excellent.
三：选项分析
Answer is A.
A:
A解释了Carl的解决案子的量为什么这么少的原因，是因为 the police chief 认为C是最有能力的detective, 她给他布置最难的案子，而且都是别人没有解决的案子。
与文章中对应的信息的：
（1）Carl is clearly an incompetent detective.→the police chief regards Carl as themost capable detective
（2）He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to him in the last 3 years—only 1 out of 25—than any other detective on the police force.→she assigns him only the most difficult cases, ones that others have failed to solve
B：
无关选项。以前发生发生的事情不代表现在。就算C以前在neighborhood police officer was highly respected by the resident of the neighborhood he patrolled, 也不能够表示C现在on this police force can resolve a large percentage of cases.
C：
无关选项，出现了很多文章中没有包含的信息不能削弱，提供了很多的serves, 但是没有解释为什么C的percentage为什么还是这么低
D:
无关选项，过去的事情不能跟现在的事情做比较。就算他以前是1/30,现在是1/25,有了进步。可是这个数据是跟自己比，也是没有可比性的，没有跟整个police force的detectives 比较还是不对
E:
无关选项。主要是在说many of the officers in the police department 在过去被提拔。就算是过去C的同事被提拔了，也不能够影响C的办案能力吧，也不会说提高了C办案的成功率吧。

2:

Background Information
Although fullerenes--spherical molecules made entirely of carbon--were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite.
Premise
Since laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure
Conclusion
this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed
二：推测
This conclusion has a logic flaw as follows:
Maybe there are some differences between the fullerenes which were formed under the nature state and the fullerenes which were formed under the laboratory environment. In other words, the author cannot compare these two compound directly without prove these compounds have the totally same chemical propoties.

三：选项分析
Answer is B .
A:
无关选项，只是补充介绍了一个背景就是经过仔细的实验证实了F中还有S。因为不能够帮助说明是否能够直接用实验室形成F的条件来类推在自然状态下形成F 的状态，所以判断为无关选项。
B：
他因削弱，作者举出了一个别的例子证明的F形成的状态不止是可以在实验室的那种状态下，也可以是在陨石撞击地球的状态下形成的，这就说明了实验室的例子不能够直接跟自然状态下的例子进行类比
C：
无关选项
D:
无关选项，不能说明为什么不能将实验室的状态与之对比，如果实验室形成的时候也有这样的crystalline structure呢?
E:
无关选项，作者说明的是F的形成状态，但是选项介绍的是S形成的状态。

3:
一：完整逻辑链
Background Information
On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000.
Premise
A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling. This new therapeutic is obviously desirable for many reasons.
Conclusion
This treatment program will cost $12,500 and thus cannot be justified .
二：推测
一：
The author can’t compare tow different costs directly. We can imagine that there are some costs other than money, for example, the elder people’s mental health.

三：选项分析
Answer is C.
A:
反向了。文章没有支持作者这个program是可以执行的，反而说了参加program的elder跌倒的人数比之前没有execute this program时候报告的跌倒的老人数目还要多。
B：
无关选项，错误对比。文章说的 program是针对的所有的elder，而选项虽然在说严重的受伤，但是是用在疗养院的老人数据跟独自居住在家的老人的数据进行对比。
C：
作者指出了其实没有execute this program, the fall cost more than report, because in the report costs didn’t count medication cost.
D:
反向。选项指出了this program 没有focus on the medication, 这就说明跟之前的costs是没有可比性的。
E:
反向

4:
一：完整逻辑链
Background Information
The prairie vole, a small North American grassland rodent, breeds year-round, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters.
Premise
Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups.
Conclusion
The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.
二：推测
要加强文章的话，现在还不能够直接就用group size 的变化是由于a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles,得解释出a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles是真的存在的，且真的会引起group size 的变化。
三：选项分析
Answer is E.
A:
无关选项。只是给出了一个事实就是在the spring and early summer that prairie vole communities generally contain the highest proportion of young voles。文章讨论的是young voles 的morality，而选项在这个地方给出的是percentage
B：
无关选项，与需要解释的young vole的morality的季节变化原因没有任何的帮助。
C：
无关选项，自然环境的变化要么就是对所有的vole都有影响，不可能说是只是对young vole有影响
D:
无关选项，其作用感觉与C很像
E:
正确的，这的要好好看看conclusion啊，即直接指出了snakes are major predator of young prairie voles; 同时还一起解决了时间上的GAP，就是snakes are active only from spring through early autumn.

5:

一：完整逻辑链
Background Information
A popular beach has long had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day
Situation
many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there. Although dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived, their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.

二：推测
如果adults are healthy and long-lived, while their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.
我能够想到的解释就是：
这些ADULTS没有时间照顾小孩，光顾着吃了，小孩子被天敌什么的弄死了
这些小孩失去了捕食的能力，如果一出生就被人工喂食的话，那么，可能将来没有人喂食的时候，这些offspring会不知道怎么捕食而死

三：选项分析
Answer is E.
A:
无关，不能解释为什么offspring会死得早
B：
无关选项
C：
无关选项。连offspring提都没有提到
D:
无关啊，只能说明人工喂食对dolphins’ life 没有任何的影响
E:
正确的，与文章的situation完全吻合啊，Adult dolphins 因为人工喂食而没有时间teaching their offspring how to catch fish in the wild than do other adult dolphins, 在situation中出现的元素在这一选项中都出现了。

作者: Donts 时间: 2012-7-13 11:46
要想攻克某块，就必须先爱上它 T3T
1.计时28’’
Premises
He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to him in the last 3 years—only 1 out of 25—than any other detective on the police force.
Conclusion
Carl is clearly an incompetent detective.
推断
The cases assigned to him are normally difficult.
(A) Because the police chief regards Carl as the
most capable detective, she assigns him only
the most difficult cases, ones that others have
failed to solve.
正确。符合推测。
(B) Before he became a detective, Carl was a
neighborhood police officer and was highly
respected by the residents of the
neighborhood he patrolled.
C的曾经和他受尊重与他的能力无关
(C) Detectives on the police force on which Carl
serves are provided with extensive resources,
including the use of a large computer
database, to help them solve crimes.
Carl部门里的人资源是一样的，没有落差。
但如果别人资源比C多，应该可以weaken吧
(D) Carl was previously a detective in a police
department in another city, and in the 4 years
he spent there, he solved only 1 out of 30
crimes.
类似于B选项，Carl的曾经与他能力无关。而且一个Only貌似有点加强的意味在里头~
(E) Many of the officers in the police department in
which Carl serves were hired or promoted
within the last 5 years.
无关。但是脑子开始YY：这选项算不算别人资历比较高所以carl不能说没能力呢。。。
千万不要用手头上的信息去拓展去YY
2. 计时45’’虽然这题在prep上做过，还是花了好长时间，泪奔。这次在脑子里过了一下assumption，当时做prep的时候没怎么理解，所以纠结了很久。
Background
Although fullerenes--spherical molecules made entirely of carbon--were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite.
Premise
laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure
conclusion
this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed
隐藏的assumption（这个是看过SDCAR大神爪印留下的印象TAT）
the results are the same in both lab and nature控制对照组变量
以后看到同一东西在不同的地方或者以不同形式得到同样或不同的结果就可以建立它们此时可比与否的假设。
推断
把assumption破掉
(A) Confirming that the shungite genuinely contained fullerenes took careful experimentation.无关
(B) Some fullerenes have also been found on the remains of a small meteorite that collided with a spacecraft.额外的东西，除非在因果型削弱出现，可以有额外的C来解释，否则额外的东西一律为错。还有没有别的类型也可以有额外的信息出现呢。。。?
(C) The mineral shungite itself contains large amounts of carbon, from which the fullerenes apparently formed.
(D) The naturally occurring fullerenes are arranged in a previously unknown crystalline structure.控制对照组变量失败，此时有两个变量：一个是lab、natural的区别，另外多了structure 的区别。
(E) Shungite itself is formed only under distinctive conditions.又没有告诉我们shungite的要求会不会影响fullerenes的要求。但是没读仔细很容易把shungite和fullerenes等同起来，或者模模糊糊，做prep的时候就是这么悲剧的。
3.计时22’’
Background
Economist: On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000. A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling.
Premise
this treatment program will cost $12,500
conclusion
thus cannot be justified
推测
有long-term benefits，比如这个program可以避免摔个好几次神马的，有点诡异的赶卓。
Among elderly people who had followed the program for only a few months, the number of serious falls reported was higher than it was for people who had followed the program for its recommended minimum length of one year.应该比有follow和没follow的吧，怎么能在有follow的里面进行比较呢，无关。
(B) Falls resulting in serious injuries are less common among elderly people living in nursing homes than they are among elderly people who live alone at home.
与program完全脱节了，无关。
(C) A frequent result of injuries sustained in falls is long-term pain, medication for which is not counted among the average per-person costs of emergency treatment for elderly people's injuries from such falls.正确，有LR benefits，符合推测。
(D) The new therapeutic program focuses on therapies other than medication, since overmedication can cause disorientation and hence increase the likelihood that an elderly person will have a serious fall.有点迷惑人的选项，也没有说不follow的话就要focus on medication。算无关吧。
(E) A significant portion of the cost of the new therapeutic program is represented by regular visits by health care professionals, the costs of which tend to increase more rapidly than do those of other elements of the program.
这个貌似是加强。
4.计时43’’
Background
The prairie vole, a small North American grassland rodent, breeds year-round, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters. Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups.
Conclusion
The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.

这题是没有premise么……或者就是削弱题特殊体型中传说的“premise和conclusion联系不紧密”？那么答案就是直接削弱结论咯？
推测
不是seasonal variation mortality among young voles导致的。
Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest support for the explanation offered?
(A) It is in the spring and early summer that prairie vole communities generally contain the highest proportion of young voles.无关选项。
(B) Prairie vole populations vary dramatically in size from year to year. year和season也差太多，无关。
(C) The prairie vole subsists primarily on broad-leaved plants that are abundant only in spring.有点关系，但仔细一看，那不是spring的时候应该会in large group吗，而且是单一的spring，不是spring to autumn
(D) Winters in the prairie voles' habitat are often harsh, with temperatures that drop well below freezing.无关，除非说habitat会猎杀prairie voles.
(E) Snakes, a major predator of young prairie voles, are active only from spring through early autumn.正确，别的东西导致而不是seasonal variation mortality导致。
5.计时40’’
Background
A popular beach has long had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day; many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there. Although dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived, their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.
算是新东方说的现象解释吧。
推测
温室里的花朵捕食能力差。
(A) Sharks that prey on dolphins are less common in the open seas off the beach than in many other areas of the open seas where dolphins congregate.那adult dolphin不是也活的好好的么。
(B) Many of the adult dolphins that feed at the beach are females that nurse their offspring there.与性别无关。
(C) The fish given to the dolphins at the beach are the same types of fish that dolphins typically catch in the wild.与鱼的种类相同无关。
(D) Many dolphins that feed at the beach with their offspring come to the beach only a few times a month.无关。
(E) Adult dolphins that feed at the beach spend much less time teaching their offspring how to catch fish in the wild than do other adult dolphins.正确，符合推测。

作者: Donts 时间: 2012-7-13 11:58
总结：答案是做对了，但是做题速度实在有待提高，另外不要无端YY。要提高对重要细节的记忆和筛选能力。补充精炼题B选项有个人倾向问题，C选项，没有落差，因此是加强非削弱。

作者: showysimple 时间: 2012-7-17 13:39
第一天参加小分队的练习，自己在速度上很吃亏，所以好奇大家是如何做到的，特别当题干很难读懂的时候。自己找的一个方法是: 在结论和问题中找到关键词（化复杂信息为单一信息），然后到选项中做验证（按照我的阅读速度，已经没时间做推测了）；依靠关键词也比较容易排除不相关的选项。

比如说第三题，
step 1: ［求关键词］结论——》Therapeutic program贵，不值得——》求削弱结论——》TP有其优势，值得
step 2: [验证选项] (A) “follow the program的时间”是一个新概念，与关键词无关。（B）“谁更容易摔得惨烈”也是一个新概念，与关键词无关。（C）正确选项，它攻击了¥11000其实不够cover到病的痊愈，long-term pain需要更长久的药物治疗，承托出TP的¥12500价格虽高但价值感也强。（D）迷惑选项，但仔细想想，TP只focus在therapies，但药还是要吃，还是要花钱；所以TP既单价高，又价值低，也没什么优势。（E）“TP收费中的某部分可能会涨价”——仅仅是可能，不是确定的事情。

第一次回贴，应该会有人理我吧。我这个方法可不可取，有没有需要改进的地方。

作者: cathy11ff 时间: 2012-7-23 12:31
想问问除了第一题答案在哪里呀？

作者: cathy11ff 时间: 2012-7-23 17:40
1\premise:Carl solved a smaller cases than other detective
conclusion:Carl is an incompetent detective.
weaken

ther reason
answer:A
) Because the police chief regards Carl as the
most capable detective, she assigns him only
the most difficult cases, ones that others have
failed to solve.断桥
(B) Before he became a detective, Carl was a
neighborhood police officer and was highly
respected by the residents of the
neighborhood he patrolled.无关
(C) Detectives on the police force on which Carl
serves are provided with extensive resources,
including the use of a large computer
database, to help them solve crimes.无关
(D) Carl was previously a detective in a police
department in another city, and in the 4 years
he spent there, he solved only 1 out of 30
crimes.无关
(E) Many of the officers in the police department in
which Carl serves were hired or promoted
within the last 5 years.混淆，仔细看无直接关系

2\ background:found in lab,have been found in nature
premise:laboratory requires temperature and pressure
conclusion: the discovery can help evaluate hypotheses about state of the Earth's crust
weaken

ther reason
answer

(A) Confirming that the shungite genuinely contained fullerenes took careful experimentation.无关
(B) Some fullerenes have also been found on the remains of a small meteorite that collided with a spacecraft.加强
(C) The mineral shungite itself contains large amounts of carbon, from which the fullerenes apparently formed.
(D) The naturally occurring fullerenes are arranged in a previously unknown crystalline structure.他因
(E) Shungite itself is formed only under distinctive conditions.

3\background:treatment for elderly person for injuries result 11000
premise:program reduce falling cost 12500
conclusion:can't be justified
anwser: C
(A) Among elderly people who had followed the program for only a few months, the number of serious falls reported was higher than it was for people who had followed the program for its recommended minimum length of one year.与时间无关
(B) Falls resulting in serious injuries are less common among elderly people living in nursing homes than they are among elderly people who live alone at home.无关
(C) A frequent result of injuries sustained in falls is long-term pain, medication for which is not counted among the average per-person costs of emergency treatment for elderly people's injuries from such falls.明显他因
(D) The new therapeutic program focuses on therapies other than medication, since overmedication can cause disorientation and hence increase the likelihood that an elderly person will have a serious fall.
(E) A significant portion of the cost of the new therapeutic program is represented by regular visits by health care professionals, the costs of which tend to increase more rapidly than do those of other elements of the program.

4\background:voles live in large groups from autumn to winter
premise:most live in smaller group
conclusion:seasonal variation in group size expained by seasonal variation
support:cases
anwser:A
(A) It is in the spring and early summer that prairie vole communities generally contain the highest proportion of young voles.事实加强
(B) Prairie vole populations vary dramatically in size from year to year.无关
(C) The prairie vole subsists primarily on broad-leaved plants that are abundant only in spring.
(D) Winters in the prairie voles' habitat are often harsh, with temperatures that drop well below freezing.
(E) Snakes, a major predator of young prairie voles, are active only from spring through early autumn.

5\premise:first benefit from program
conclusion

ffspring have a lower life
explenation:gap
answer:E
(A) Sharks that prey on dolphins are less common in the open seas off the beach than in many other areas of the open seas where dolphins congregate.无关
(B) Many of the adult dolphins that feed at the beach are females that nurse their offspring there.无关
(C) The fish given to the dolphins at the beach are the same types of fish that dolphins typically catch in the wild.与鱼的种类无关
(D) Many dolphins that feed at the beach with their offspring come to the beach only a few times a month.与次数无关
(E) Adult dolphins that feed at the beach spend much less time teaching their offspring how to catch fish in the wild than do other adult 弥补gap

作者: cyl723 时间: 2012-7-27 10:55
Premise: carl solved 1 case out of 25
Conclusion: carl has solved a smaller percentage of the cases than any other detective
Prephrase: we don’t’ know the rate other detective solved
选项分析
A case is difficult so it’s hard to solved so the rate will be low
B whether the case solved has nothing to do with carl is respected
C a lot resources should help carl solve more cases strengthen
D the former experience has nothing to do with his currently performance
E the other detective promoted has nothing to do with case solved
这是第一次在逻辑小分队发帖子，不知道正确的格式是怎么样。。。而且预测的时候错了。。。希望以后越来越好吧~~~

作者: cyl723 时间: 2012-7-27 15:13
2
Background: fl found in the lab, they formed in fi
Premise: fl requires distinctive conditions of tem&pressure
Conclusion: ge can evaluate hypotheses about the state of Eath’s crus at time these naturally occurring fl formed.
Prephrase: state of Eath’s crust has nothing to do with the conditions of tem&pressure
A 麻烦不是问题。。。
B 我觉得是正解，这样就能保证环境都是crust创造的了。。。
C不知道错在哪里
D 结构不知道与造成他的环境不相关
E 那两个都可以分别研究
3
Premise: emergency treatment for fall cost $11,000 program reduces chance of fall cost$12,500 exceed the cost of emergency treatment
Conclusion: not implement the program
Prephrase: If a person falsl he doesn’t just need a emergency treatment he needs the next treatment which requires more money
A not mentioned money
B nothing to do with program
C 正确
D 并没有涉及到Cost 没有直接从原因上反驳
E 并没有讨论treatment 的费用
4 strengthen
Background: vole grassland rodent lives together formed a extended family
Premise: v live in lrge groups from late autumn through winter; live in smaller groups from spring hrough early autumn
Conclusion: variation in group size can be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young v
Prephrase: young v died during winter through spring and no new v enter the group
A not mentioned die
B dramatic not equal young v die
C it means except for spring the probability of young v die is very high in the rest season of year not just winter
D winter will probably lead young v die correct
E not the right time
5
Background: dolphin feed on a beach.
Premise: young dolphin’s life expectancy is lower than those feed on wild.
Why?
Prephrase: the food is different
A …没大看懂
B 生小孩与life expectancy 无关
C 食物一样应该没差
D 没有理由解释题干，无关
E 推出dolphin获得食物比以前少了正确
以上纯属一家之言~~~今天第一天小分队任务完成

作者: silviahelena 时间: 2012-7-28 18:43
呃，我之前报名不过不知道是不是该这么跟贴，如果从今天算起的话。

逻辑链如下：

1. Premise: Carl has a lower successful rate of solving cases than others
Conclusion: Carl is an incompetent detective

Weaken- If he solve more difficult cases than others

Answer is A

2. Premise: laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure
Conculsion:this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed

Weaken- If there is other form of fullerenes exisits.

Answer is D 其实这个有点猜的，因为我并不大认识这些单词...

3. Premise: 1) the average cost of a fall is $11,000; 2) a therapy with a cost of $12,500 can reduct the chances of falling
Conclusion: the cost for the therapy can not be justified

Weaken: If additional cost will be generated due to frequet falling

Answer is C

4. Premise: Voles live in large groups from lautumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, most voles live in far smaller groups.
Conclusion: The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles

Strong explaination: related to mortality and season

Answer is E

A: only mentioned until early summer

5. Premise: 1) Dolphines can get 1/2 of daliy food at the beach 2) they live longer but their next generation's life expectation not long
Strong explaination: if no beach, the younger generation can not get enough food

Answe is E

作者: 武藤里伽子 时间: 2012-7-31 17:15
计时到底是读题干的时间，还是分析加做完的时间，先做吧
Background Information:
Premise:
He has
solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to
him in the last 3 years—only 1 out of 25—than any
other detective on the police force.

Conclusion：Carl is clearly an incompetent detective

3) 推测(Prephrase: weaken方向就是carl接的案子比较难办，并不代表他能力差
4) 选项分析：
A) Because the police chief regards Carl as the
most capable detective, she assigns him only
the most difficult cases, ones that others have
failed to solve.有关，属于weaken
(B) Before he became a detective, Carl was a
neighborhood police officer and was highly
respected by the residents of the
neighborhood he patrolled.无关
(C) Detectives on the police force on which Carl
serves are provided with extensive resources,
including the use of a large computer
database, to help them solve crimes.什么啊
(D) Carl was previously a detective in a police
department in another city, and in the 4 years
he spent there, he solved only 1 out of 30
crimes.增加的假设，没削弱
(E) Many of the officers in the police department in
which Carl serves were hired or promoted
within the last 5 years.？？？

选A

作者: TICKCOCK 时间: 2012-7-31 20:01
7.31+【1-1】
1、background: Carl 的办案数和他的评价之间的关系。
PREMISE: 因为他解决的案件比其他任何人的都少。
Conclusion: Carl is incompetent.
答案：A

2、background: Fullerences 最早在实验室发现，但是已经在大自然中被找到过了。
Premise: 实验室发现需要依赖于特定的温度和压力
Conclusion: 实验室成果为地质学家在大自然中找到F 提供依据。
答案： B (D)

3、background: elder people 急救花费和new program的实施
Premise: emergency treatment 的平均花费是 11000，新的program花12500
Conclusion: 新的program不能实施。
答案：D (C)

4、background: Vole 是一种群居动物，有时候还会和2个或多个litter住在一起
Premise: Vole 的family size 在晚秋到冬天这段时间比早春到早秋的大。
Conclusion: family size 和 mortality 有关。
判断：答案可能和不同季节的VOLE的死亡率不同有关。
答案： E

5、background: dolphin offspring 的 life expectancy 和 feeding program 的关系。
Premise: adult benefit from program. 但是被喂养的海豚的后代的life expectancy 比野生海豚的后代要低。
判断：答案可能和Program对后代影响有关。
答案：E

作者: faye宝 时间: 2012-8-4 20:36
1）计时：32s
2） Situation
Premise: Carl has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to him in the last 3 years than any other detective.
Conclusion: Carl is an incompetent detective.
3)

rephrase:
Solve smaller percentage cases than other police ≠ Carl is incompetent detective
Some other reasons that lead to Carl’s percentage smaller.
Maybe the cases he needs to solve is more difficult than others.
选项分析：A
(A)Because the police chief regards Carl as the
most capable detective, she assigns him only
the most difficult cases, ones that others have
failed to solve. (carl only receives the most difficult cases which others can not solve, then the number will not be large, so the percentage is small. Thus it can not say Carl is incompetent detective.)
(B) Before he became a detective, Carl was a
neighborhood police officer and was highly
respected by the residents of the
neighborhood he patrolled. (irrelevant)
(C) Detectives on the police force on which Carl
serves are provided with extensive resources,
including the use of a large computer
database, to help them solve crimes. (strengthen the Con)
(D) Carl was previously a detective in a police
department in another city, and in the 4 years
he spent there, he solved only 1 out of 30
crimes. (strengthen the Con)
(E) Many of the officers in the police department in
which Carl serves were hired or promoted
within the last 5 years. (irrelevant)
2.
1)计时：35s
2）Situation:
Background information: Although F were first found in the lab, F been found in nature, formed in rare mineral shungite.
Premise : F form in Lab requires distinctive conditions of T&

,
Conclusion: this discovery help evaluate the state of the Earth's crust when naturally F were formed.
Prephrase:
F form in Lab requires distinctive conditions of T&

≠ help geologists evaluate hypotheses about the state of the Earth’s crust when F were formed

Lab F is different from N F .Discovery不能证实naturalF跟LabF的是一样的,所以不能说假设成立.

选项分析：D
(A) Confirming that the shungite genuinely contained fullerenes took careful experimentation. .(irrelevant)
(B) Some fullerenes have also been found on the remains of a small meteorite that collided with a spacecraft.(irrelevant)
(C) The mineral shungite itself contains large amounts of carbon, from which the fullerenes apparently formed. .(irrelevant)
(D) The naturally occurring fullerenes are arranged in a previously unknown crystalline structure.
(E) Shungite itself is formed only under distinctive conditions. .(irrelevant)

3.1）计时30s
2) situation:
Background: average, the E treatment for old from a fall costs $11,000. A program has been proposed can reduce the chance for old from falling.

remise: this program will cost $ 12,500.
Conclusion: this program can not be justified.
3)Prephrase: the cost can not show the program unjustified.

Even if this cost more, it will help older people keep healthy, will undermine the Con.
选项分析 C

(A) Among elderly people who had followed the program for only a few months, the number of serious falls reported was higher than it was for people who had followed the program for its recommended minimum length of one year. (irrelevant, have nothing to do with the cost)
(B) Falls resulting in serious injuries are less common among elderly people living in nursing homes than they are among elderly people who live alone at home.(irrelevant, have nothing to do with the cost)
(C) A frequent result of injuries sustained in falls is long-term pain, medication for which is not counted among the average per-person costs of emergency treatment for elderly people's injuries from such falls.
(D) The new therapeutic program focuses on therapies other than medication, since overmedication can cause disorientation and hence increase the likelihood that an elderly person will have a serious fall.(new info. But irrelevant, have nothing to do with the cost.)
(E) A significant portion of the cost of the new therapeutic program is represented by regular visits by health care professionals, the costs of which tend to increase more rapidly than do those of other elements of the program. (support the Con)

4.
1) 计时 40s
2) situation:
Background: Voles lives in larger group from late autumn to winter, spring to early autumn.
Premise: young vole dead as seasonal variation
Conclusion : the mortality leads the group size change seasonally.
3) Prephrase: mortality in young vole change with seasonal variation lead the group size change accordingly.
Young vole is the main part of the group. So if the young vole number changes, the size change. Or if the season doesn’t vary, the group size keep the same.
选项分析：E
(A) It is in the spring and early summer that prairie vole communities generally contain the highest proportion of young voles.(irrelevant)
(B) Prairie vole populations vary dramatically in size from year to year.(irrelevant)
(C) The prairie vole subsists primarily on broad-leaved plants that are abundant only in spring.(not show the number change of young vole)
(D) Winters in the prairie voles' habitat are often harsh, with temperatures that drop well below freezing.(irrelevant)
(E) Snakes, a major predator of young prairie voles, are active only from spring through early autumn. (snakes eat young vole from spring through early autumn, then lead to the number of young vole change.)

5. 1) time: 42s
2) situation
Background info. : dolphins get as much as half of their fish every day from the beach program.
Premise: the adult dolphins benefit from the program is long-lived.
Con: the offspring of the dolphins has lower life expectancy than the offspring feed in the wild.
Prephrase: some reason cause the lower life expectancy feed by person than in the wild.

When people do not feed the fish to the dolphins the dolphins maybe keep hungry, or the offspring can not catch fish by themselves.

选项分析: E

(A) Sharks that prey on dolphins are less common in the open seas off the beach than in many other areas of the open seas where dolphins congregate. (weaken)
(B) Many of the adult dolphins that feed at the beach are females that nurse their offspring there.(irrelevant)
(C) The fish given to the dolphins at the beach are the same types of fish that dolphins typically catch in the wild.(irrelevant)
(D) Many dolphins that feed at the beach with their offspring come to the beach only a few times a month.
(E) Adult dolphins that feed at the beach spend much less time teaching their offspring how to catch fish in the wild than do other adult dolphins.

作者: wanggang0411 时间: 2012-8-6 16:05
1   24
Conclusion: Carl is an incomplete detective.
Premise: He has solved a smaller percentage of cases assigned to him than any other detective.
Inference: Other factors such as the complexity of the cases assigned to him
2   38
Premise: FF has been found not only in laboratory but also in natural.
Premise: The synthesize of FF requires distinctive conditions.
Conclusion: The discovery that FF found in natural can provide a test case to evaluate the natural generation of FF.
Inference: the natural condition can’t be satisfied in laboratory.

3   28
Premise: treatment costs 11000.
Premise: New therapeutic program which reduce the elderly people’s chance of falling.
Premise: New therapeutic program costs 12500.
Conclusion: New therapeutic program cannot be justified.
4   ---
Premise: Prairle vole living together consists primarily of an extended family, including two or more litters.
Premise: Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn.
Premise: However, most voles live in far small groups.
Conclusion: The seasonal variation in group size can properly be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.
Inference (support): No enough food for all voles, so some voles eat litters.
5   36
Premise: dolphins fed by program have long life than wild fed dophin
Conclusion: Their offspring have a lower life expectancy than the offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in wild.
Inference: the offspring of dolphins that feed in the program lost the ability to seek food since they already have enough food during their childhood.

作者: czwkevin 时间: 2012-8-12 17:22
hao

作者: FannyL 时间: 2012-8-13 13:43
premise:He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned tohim in the last 3 years—only 1 out of 25—than any other detective on the police force.
Conclusioin:Carl is clearly an incompetent detective.
Weaken:这个不能说明一个警察的办事能力好坏。他接的case可能就是hardest
选A
（这个看了好久）
Premise: Since laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure
Conclusion:should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.
Background:Although fullerenes--spherical molecules made entirely of carbon--were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite.
或许是实验室中自身的原因？
B 虽然给出了例子但是不能充分削弱本题的因为本题是在实验室和nature.
选C
premise: this treatment program will cost $12,500
Conclusion:can not be justified
Background:On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000. A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling.
不能片面从金钱角度去衡量。通过这个program 可能elderly person for injuries from a fall就会降低。
A-support
B-无关
C-正确
D-虽然感觉也对但立场没有C坚定
E-表述模糊
premise: Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups
Conclusion:The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.
Background:The prairie vole, a small North American grassland rodent, breeds year-round, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters.
Young voles在late autumn through winter这段时间在family,spring离开。
A-说反了
B-表述就不正确，没有依据。
C-太过于片面性感觉
D- 从常识出发感觉比较正确，冬天活动少
E-尤为点到了young voles,从食物角度点到比D更有辨识度
选E
Premise: Although dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived
Conclusion:their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.
Background:A popular beach has long had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day; many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there.
可能就是过分依赖了人工的饲养？之类的导致自己本身所拥有的能力就逐渐丧失所以没有野生的能力强、
选E

第一次参与= = 而且对CR感觉就是从理解出发准确率也不高。。码字也表述不清= = 。。。慢慢来！！

作者: jiangpengcheng 时间: 2012-8-13 21:35
答案？

作者: liweijz 时间: 2012-8-15 23:46
2012.8.13
【精练】
1. Carl is clearly an incompetent detective. He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to him in the last 3 years—only 1 out of 25—than any other detective on the police force.
Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above? --BIBLE WEAKEN NO.1
1 CONCLUSION: Carl is clearly an incompetent detective.
2 PREMISE: He has solved a smaller percentage of the cases than any other detective on the police force.
3 PREPHASE: sloving cases smaller than others not mean that carl is an incompetent detective.
(A) Because the police chief regards Carl as the
most capable detective, she assigns him only
the most difficult cases, ones that others have
failed to solve.
(B) Before he became a detective, Carl was a
neighborhood police officer and was highly
respected by the residents of the
neighborhood he patrolled.
(C) Detectives on the police force on which Carl
serves are provided with extensive resources,
including the use of a large computer
database, to help them solve crimes.
(D) Carl was previously a detective in a police
department in another city, and in the 4 years
he spent there, he solved only 1 out of 30
crimes.
(E) Many of the officers in the police department in
which Carl serves were hired or promoted
within the last 5 years.

【逻辑链】

Although fullerenes--spherical molecules made entirely of carbon--were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite. Since laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure, this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument?

Background: fullerenes have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite.
Conclusion: this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.
Premise: laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure
3 PREPHASE:lab synthesis is different of the nature.

(A) Confirming that the shungite genuinely contained fullerenes took careful experimentation.
(B) Some fullerenes have also been found on the remains of a small meteorite that collided with a spacecraft.
(C) The mineral shungite itself contains large amounts of carbon, from which the fullerenes apparently formed.
(D) The naturally occurring fullerenes are arranged in a previously unknown crystalline structure.
(E) Shungite itself is formed only under distinctive conditions.

3.
Economist: On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000.
A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling.
Though obviously desirable for many reasons, this treatment program will cost $12,500 and thus cannot be justified.

background: On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000.
Premise: A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling.
Conclusion : this treatment program will cost $12,500 and thus cannot be justified.
PREPHASE : emergency may cause higher cost.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the conclusion of the argument?
--PREP07 CR1 NO.2

(A) Among elderly people who had followed the program for only a few months, the number of serious falls reported was higher than it was for people who had followed the program for its recommended minimum length of one year.
Number 无关，题目重点在说cost。
(B) Falls resulting in serious injuries are less common among elderly people living in nursing homes than they are among elderly people who live alone at home.
无关，重点不是再说疗养护理和独自在家。
(C) A frequent result of injuries sustained in falls is long-term pain, medication for which is not counted among the average per-person costs of emergency treatment for elderly people's injuries from such falls.
正确，指出e会在后期引起更多的花费。削弱
(D) The new therapeutic program focuses on therapies other than medication, since overmedication can cause disorientation and hence increase the likelihood that an elderly person will have a serious fall.
无关，重点在cost，不在likelihood of fall。
(E) A significant portion of the cost of the new therapeutic program is represented by regular visits by health care professionals, the costs of which tend to increase more rapidly than do those of other elements of the program.
支持结论。错误。

4.
The prairie vole, a small North American grassland rodent, breeds year-round, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters. Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups. The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.

background: The prairie vole, a small North American grassland rodent, breeds year-round, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters.
Premise: Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups.
Conclusion : The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.
PREPHASE :form late autumn to winter,it is a high morality time among young voles.

Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest support for the explanation offered?
--PREP07 CR1 NO.3

(A) It is in the spring and early summer that prairie vole communities generally contain the highest proportion of young voles.
weaken
(B) Prairie vole populations vary dramatically in size from year to year.
irrelevant
(C) The prairie vole subsists primarily on broad-leaved plants that are abundant only in spring.
Weaken
(D) Winters in the prairie voles' habitat are often harsh, with temperatures that drop well below freezing.
irrelevant
(E) Snakes, a major predator of young prairie voles, are active only from spring through early autumn.
Support,correct!

5.
A popular beach has long had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day; many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there. Although dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived, their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.
background: A popular beach has long had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day; many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there.

Premise: dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived
Conclusion : their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.
PREPHASE：the offspring in the feeding program lack the ability of catching the fish.

Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the lower life expectancy of offspring of dolphins feeding at the beach compared to other young dolphins?
--PREP07 CR1 NO.4

(A) Sharks that prey on dolphins are less common in the open seas off the beach than in many other areas of the open seas where dolphins congregate.
irrelevant
(B) Many of the adult dolphins that feed at the beach are females that nurse their offspring there.
irrelevant
(C) The fish given to the dolphins at the beach are the same types of fish that dolphins typically catch in the wild.
irrelevant
(D) Many dolphins that feed at the beach with their offspring come to the beach only a few times a month.
irrelevant
(E) Adult dolphins that feed at the beach spend much less time teaching their offspring how to catch fish in the wild than do other adult dolphins.
correct！提到adult和offspring。

作者: 我爱西瓜 时间: 2012-8-16 15:48
1. Carl is clearly an incompetent detective. He has
solved a smaller percentage of the cases assigned to
him in the last 3 years—only 1 out of 25—than any
other detective on the police force.
Which one of the following, if true, most seriously
weakens the argument above?
--BIBLE WEAKEN NO.1
(A) Because the police chief regards Carl as the
most capable detective, she assigns him only
the most difficult cases, ones that others have
failed to solve.
对的
(B) Before he became a detective, Carl was a
neighborhood police officer and was highly
respected by the residents of the
neighborhood he patrolled.
彻底无关
(C) Detectives on the police force on which Carl
serves are provided with extensive resources,
including the use of a large computer
database, to help them solve crimes.
彻底无关
(D) Carl was previously a detective in a police
department in another city, and in the 4 years
he spent there, he solved only 1 out of 30
crimes.
貌似是support了原文
(E) Many of the officers in the police department in
which Carl serves were hired or promoted
within the last 5 years.
彻底无关

1、因为C assigned 的case 在过去三年很少，只有其他人的1/25
所以：C不是一个competent detective
weaken：assigned case 的数量不是决定是不是一comptent detective。
和我想的不一样，我是从评判的标准去考虑，但是，答案是给出了不那样选择的原因

A
【逻辑链】
2.
Although fullerenes--spherical molecules made entirely of carbon--were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite. Since laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure, this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument?
--PREP07 CR1 NO.1

(A) Confirming that the shungite genuinely contained fullerenes took careful experimentation.
彻底无关
(B) Some fullerenes have also也 been found on the remains of a small meteorite that collided with a spacecraft.
有可能，地球上发现的可能是其他meteorite上带回来的，这样就不能作为test case for evaluating
(C) The mineral shungite itself contains large amounts of carbon, from which the fullerenes apparently formed.
彻底无关，fullerenes 形成的原因
(D) The naturally occurring fullerenes are arranged in a previously unknown crystalline structure.
，更，有可能，自然界形成的arrange in排列不知道的晶体结构中，和实验室的不同，不能作为标准
(E) Shungite itself is formed only under distinctive conditions.
无关，shungite 的形成和讨论无关

2、因为：laboratory synthesis of fullerenes require distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure.
所以：在自然界的发现给地理学家提供了判断地壳在那个时间的状态。
undermine：我猜--自然界的形成需要的和在实验室合成需要的不同

D

3.
Economist: On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000. A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling. Though obviously desirable for many reasons, this treatment program will cost $12,500 and thus cannot be justified.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the conclusion of the argument?
--PREP07 CR1 NO.2
3、没看懂问题
因为：the emrgency treatment will cost 11000,
reduce the chance of falling will cost 12500
所以，这个thereapeutice 是不合理的！！

undermine：摔得次数多了，就超过了12500

(A) Among elderly people who had followed the program for only a few months, the number of serious falls reported was higher than it was for people who had followed the program for its recommended minimum length of one year.
时间的长短和这个无关
(B) Falls resulting in serious injuries are less common among elderly people living in nursing homes than they are among elderly people who live alone at home.
地点和讨论无关
(C) A frequent result of injuries sustained in falls is long-term pain, medication for which is not counted among the average per-person costs of emergency treatment for elderly people's injuries from such falls.
有可能，给出了一个11000不是全部费用的信息，从而说明，12500可能是合理的
(D) The new therapeutic program focuses on therapies other than medication, since overmedication can cause disorientation and hence increase the likelihood that an elderly person will have a serious fall.
无关，只是说therapeutic的好处，和overmedication的坏处，和钱无关了
(E) A significant portion of the cost of the new therapeutic program is represented by regular visits by health care professionals, the costs of which tend to increase more rapidly than do those of other elements of the program.
解释了cost的组成部分，我觉得，是无关的。

C
4.
The prairie vole田鼠, a small North American grassland rodent, breeds year-round, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters. Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups. The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.

Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest support for the explanation offered?
--PREP07 CR1 NO.3

(A) It is in the spring and early summer that prairie vole communities generally contain the highest proportion of young voles.
不懂，有可能，春夏young v多，和题目相反
(B) Prairie vole populations vary dramatically in size from year to year.
彻底无关，year and year
(C) The prairie vole subsists primarily on broad-leaved plants that are abundant only in spring.
偏了，only in spring ,偏
(D) Winters in the prairie voles' habitat are often harsh, with temperatures that drop well below freezing.
habitat无关
(E) Snakes, a major predator of young prairie voles, are active only from spring through early autumn.
春夏有蛇，所以少

4、因为：V在秋天到冬天live in large groups ，in spring and autumn live in samll groups
所以：group size change wiht the seasonal vatiration ,is caused by motality among yong voles
support：秋冬死的多，春夏死的少
E

5.
A popular beach has long had a dolphin feeding program in which fish are given to dolphins several times a day; many dolphins get as much as half of their food each day there. Although dolphins that first benefit from the program as adults are healthy and long-lived, their offspring have a lower life expectancy than offspring of dolphins that feed exclusively in the wild.

Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain the lower life expectancy of offspring of dolphins feeding at the beach compared to other young dolphins?
--PREP07 CR1 NO.4

(A) Sharks that prey on dolphins are less common in the open seas off the beach than in many other areas of the open seas where dolphins congregate.
地点的不同，无关
(B) Many of the adult dolphins that feed at the beach are females that nurse their offspring there.
无关
(C) The fish given to the dolphins at the beach are the same types of fish that dolphins typically catch in the wild.
更不能解释了，加强了矛盾
(D) Many dolphins that feed at the beach with their offspring come to the beach only a few times a month.
更不能解释了
(E) Adult dolphins that feed at the beach spend much less time teaching their offspring how to catch fish in the wild than do other adult dolphins.
对的

5、dolphins baby that feed exclusively have long life expectancy than feed by program
dolphins adults ................................................short ........................................................

explian.

作者: chengzaaaa 时间: 2012-8-19 21:36
819 [1-1]
1. 1) 14” weaken
2) Background Information: C is a detective…?
Premise: percentage of cased C solved is smaller than others.
Conclusion: C is an incompetent detective.
3) C能力很强，所以拿到的案子都非常棘手，不容易侦破。
4) A
5) A. Correct. Carl is great and has tough cases, so his percentage is supposed to be low.
B. Range. What he did BEFORE he is a detective is irrelevant.
C. How they solve the problems – resources- is irrelevant.
D. Range. Another city.
E. Promotion situation may be relevant, but “many” does not say much. We don’t know if Carl is one of them.
2. 1) 26” weaken
2) BI: Though fullerenes were fist found in the lab, they have since been found in nature.

: lab synthesis of f requires distinctive conditions
C: the discovery should give geologists a test case to evaluate the hypotheses of Earth’s crust condition.
3) Lab can’t do the same conditions when fullerenes were formed.
E
3. 1) 19”weaken
2) BI: avg treatment cost for an elderly from a fall is 11,000. A new program can greatly reduce an elderly’s chance of falling.

: The program cost 12,500, and it is more than the cost of falling treatment.
C: The program is not justified.
3) After the 11,000, the treatment is not done yet. It requires ton of meds that cost more.
C
4. 1) 22” support
2) BI: prairie vole, living as an extended family, including two or more litters.

: late autumn->winter: large groups. Spring->early autumn: far smaller groups.
C: group size seasonal variation can be explained by sv in mortality among young voles.
3) some other animal that feed on young voles varies seasonally.
E
5. 1) 27” explain
2) BI: dolphin feeding program.

: dolphins that first benefit from the program are healthy and long-lived, but their offspring have lower life expectancy than in wild.
C:
3) some skills that dolphins in wild would teach their offspring. The program dolphins did not teach their offspring, causing the lower life expectancy.
E

谢谢lz！！

作者: Maykey 时间: 2012-8-23 17:19
1.精炼
Premise:he has solve a small pretange of cases in last yeas,which is smaller than other detectives
Conclusion: carl is an incompeten detective
推测：
The cases he solve may be the most different in the police force
答案：选A，前提没考虑到case难易程度对侦探结案有影响。
B．无关，highly expect与他的能力无关
C．support
D.support
E.无关,carl的能力与他服务的officer是否非雇佣或提升无关。
2.
background:fullernes are made of carbon, first found in laboratory, they have been found in nature and formed in F of RMS
Premise: fullerenes in laboratory need distinct temperture and pressure
Conclusion：the state of the earth’s crust at the timethese naturally occurring fullerenes were formed
选C不确定

3.
Background:the treatment for elderly people for injuries cost 10000,a new program can reduce this injuries
Premies: though obvious desirable for many reason,the program cost 12500
Conclusion:
The progam can not be justified.
推测：选A
Background: A ground of vole ,living together consists of an extended family
Premise: vole live in large groups from late autumn though winter, live in smaller ground in spring though autumn
Conclusion: group size depend on seasonal variation among young voles.
选D`
Background: A dolphin feeding program: feed fish several times a day
Primise: dolphin get as much as their food a day
Conclusion: Adult benefit form program are long lived,their offspring have lower life ecpectancy than those feed in wild
选E

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