第一段:Whether(题干) is a broadly debated topic that attracted many attentions. While it is true that in some circumstances (反对的观点-也就是题干的变体), in other instances, the argument may not be valid. Therefore, as far as I am concerned, I strongly agree that(支持的观点-也就是题干的变体).
第二段:One of the most important reasons that can be presented to develop my position is that (支持的理由一)。A good example can be found in the case that (举例,乱编,总比没有好)。Under these circumstances, it is obvious that (支持的观点-也就是题干的变体)
第三段:Another reason in favor of my position is that(支持的理由二)。We can see it clearly in the case that (举例,乱编,总比没有好)Thus, (支持的观点-也就是题干的变体)
第四段:Some may argue that (反对的理由). However, this argument alone can hardly support the conclusion that (反对的观点-也就是题干的变体). When the advantages and the disadvantages are carefully examined, the most striking conclusion is that (支持的观点-也就是题干的变体)
第五段:To sum up, there is no easy solution to such a complex issue. However, considering what has been discussed above, we may safely come to the conclusion that (支持的观点-也就是题干的变体)
JJ22 JJ基本准确,下面有所补充。 总共就是一段。 开头,讲生态学家现在也从古生物学家的研究中获益,就像曾经古生物学家从生态学家的研究中获益一样。然后就举了个例子,整个文章都是这个例子。 先说ecologist认为植物都是interdependent的。但是P家的一个发现表明共同生活在某一环境中的三种树(有树名),相互作用,他们释放出什么东东,影响了周围的soil什么的(有题,问为什么提到soil)。 后来,观点转变,说古生物学家通过研究某湖里的Sediment得出结论说3种树不是在一个community里进化的,因为其中1种树早就在冰川退却之前就进化成了另外一个Community的一支。还用了一个类比,说就像洪水来了,inhabitants in the town就会往高处搬家一样(有题,问为什么提到这个类比.)
JJ52 我考到的如下: 第一段,先提出conventional认为企业去防止pollution不合算。但是这种说法是以生产的过程不能改变为前提的。后面关键来了,说pollution有opportunity costs--wasted resources, wasted effort, and diminished product value to the customer. At the level of resource productivity, environmental improvement and competitiveness come together.生产的过程其实是可以改变或者重新设计什么的,这样既可以提高生产效率,又可以控制pollution. 第二段,开头说上面说的那种说法是源自于最近的一种流行的什么quality control之类的讨论。下面主要讲这个quality control,具体记不清楚了,主要意思就是通过重新设计产品,设计生产流程什么的,提高了效率,减小了成本,也达到了control pollution的效果。基本跟下面这个类似。 (第二段用defect做类比Like defects, pollution often reveals flaws in the product design or production process. Efforts to eliminate pollution can therefore follow the same basic principles widely used in quality programs: Use inputs more efficiently, eliminate the need for hazardous, hard-to-handle materials, and eliminate unneeded activities. In a recent study of major process changes at ten manufacturers of printed circuit boards, for example, pollution-control personnel initiated thirteen of thirty-three major changes. Of the thirteen changes, twelve resulted in cost reduction, eight in quality improvements, and five in extension of production capabilities. [2] It is not surprising that total quality management (TQM) has become a source of ideas for pollution reduction that can create offsetting benefits. The Dow Chemical Company, for example, explicitly identified the link between quality improvement and environmental performance by using statistical-process control to reduce the variance in processes and to lower waste.)