111. Advocates of a large-scale space-defense research project conclude that it will represent a net benefit to civilian business. They say that since government-sponsored research will have civilian applications, civilian businesses will reap the rewards of government-developed technology.
Each of the following, if true, raises a consideration arguing against the conclusion above, EXCEPT:
(A) The development of cost-efficient manufacturing techniques is of the highest priority for civilian business and would be neglected for civilian business and would be neglected if resources go to military projects, which do not emphasize cost efficiency. (B) Scientific and engineering talent needed by civilian business will be absorbed by the large-scale project. (C) Many civilian businesses will receive subcontracts to provide materials and products needed by the research project. (D) If government research money is devoted to the space project, it will not be available for specifically targeted needs of civilian business, where it could be more efficiently used. (E) The increase in taxes or government debt needed to finance the project will severely reduce the vitality of the civilian economy.
112. In an attempt to promote the widespread use of paper rather than plastic, and thus reduce nonbiodegradable waster, the council of a small town plans to ban the sale of disposable plastic goods for which substitutes made of paper exist. The council argues that since most paper is entirely biodegradable, paper goods are environmentally preferable.
Which of the following, if true, indicates that the plan to ban the sale of disposable plastic goods is ill suited to the town council’s environmental goals?
(A) Although biodegradable plastic goods are now available, members of the town council believe biodegradable paper goods to be safer for the environment. (B) The paper factory at which most of the towns-people are employed plans to increase production of biodegradable paper goods. (C) After other towns enacted similar bans on the sale of plastic goods, the environmental benefits were not discernible for several years. (D) Since most townspeople prefer plastic goods to paper goods in many instances, they are likely to purchase them in neighboring towns where plastic goods are available for sale. (E) Products other than those derived from wood pulp are often used in the manufacture of paper goods that are entirely biodegradable.
113. Since the deregulation of airlines, delays at the nation’s increasingly busy airports have increased by 25 percent. To combat this problem, more of the takeoff and landing slots at the busiest airports must be allocated to commercial airlines.
Which of the following, if true, casts the most doubt on the effectiveness of the solution proposed above?
(A) The major causes of delays at the nation’s busiest airports are bad weather and overtaxed air traffic control equipment. (B) Since airline deregulation began, the number of airplanes in operation has increased by 25 percent. (C) Over 60 percent of the takeoff and landing slots at the nation’s busiest airports are reserved for commercial airlines. (D) After a small Midwestern airport doubled its allocation of takeoff and landing slots, the number of delays that were reported decreased by 50 percents. (E) Since deregulation the average length of delay at the nation’s busiest airports has doubled.
114. The more frequently employees take time to exercise during working hours each week, the fewer sick days they take. Even employees who exercise only once a week during working hours take less sick time than those who do not exercise. Therefore, if companies started fitness programs, the absentee rate in those companies would decrease significantly.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
(A) Employees who exercise during working hours occasionally fall asleep for short periods of time after they exercise. (B) Employees who are frequently absent are the least likely to cooperate with or to join a corporate fitness program. (C) Employees who exercise only once a week in their company’s fitness program usually also exercise after work. (D) Employees who exercise in their company’s fitness program use their working time no more productively than those who do not exercise. (E) Employees who exercise during working hours take slightly longer lunch breaks than employees who do not exercise.作者: bananazoo 时间: 2011-11-12 00:28
答案与解析： 111. Choice C describes a benefit to civilian business of the research project, and therefore provides support to the conclusion that the project will represent a net benefit to civilian business, rather than arguing against that conclusion. Choice C is therefore the best answer. Each of the other choices presents a disadvantage of the project for civilian business that might outweigh the stated benefit, so none is correct. Cost efficiency, vital to civilian business, would be neglected (choice A); technical talent needed by civilian business would b e unavailable (choice B); the government funding could be used more efficiently if directed specifically to the needs of civilian business (choice D); and the burden of financing the project would hamper civilian business (choice E).
112. If choice D is true, townspeople are likely to circumvent the local ban by purchasing disposable plastic goods in neighboring towns. The ban is thus likely to be largely ineffectual. Choice D is therefore the best answer. None of choices A, B, C, or E indicates that the ban is ill chosen as a means of reaching the town council’s environmental goals. Choice A indicates that the town council’s basic criterion is avoidance of harm to the environment, not merely biodegradability. Choice B does nothing to call the ban into question, whether or not the factory sells biodegradable paper goods locally. Choice C suggests that environmental benefits would ensure, albeit not immediately. Choice E merely provides background details about paper that is completely biodegradable.
113. The passage presents a problem-delays at airports-and proposes a solution-allocating more slots to commercial airlines. Choice A states, however, that the major causes of the delays lie elsewhere, thereby casting doubt on the effectiveness of the proposed solution, and is thus the best answer. None of the other choices gives any reason to think that allocating slots will not be an effective solution. Choice B describes another part of the problem, but says nothing about who uses the additional airplanes. Choice C implies that at least some slots are available to be allocated to commercial airlines. Choice D gives one example where allocation was in fact successful, and choice E gives additional information about the scope of the problem.
114. Even supposing that increasing the frequency of exercise leads to less sick time being taken, starting a company-supported fitness program might not produce significantly lowered absentee rates if employees who are frequently absent would not cooperate with such a program. Choice B says that such cooperation is unlikely and is the best answer. Choices A and E suggest that exercise during working hours has undesirable consequences, and choice D indicates that such exercise fails to produce an added benefit, but none of these bears on sick time taken. Choice C concerns exercise done after work by employees participating in a fitness program, but provides no indication of the effect, if any, of that exercise on sick time taken.作者: bananazoo 时间: 2011-11-12 00:34
好吧。。。我也该做题了~ 这几天漫无头绪。。。诶~恢复精力~加油~ 占楼~作者: fox0923 时间: 2011-11-12 00:49
占位~下午过来做==作者: fox0923 时间: 2011-11-12 07:22
P:A research concludes that it will present a net benefit of civilian business. C: The government supports the civilian application, so the civilian businesses will reap the rewards. (A) The development of cost-efficient manufacturing techniques is of the highest priority for civilian business and would be neglected for civilian business and would be neglected if resources go to military projects, which do not emphasize cost efficiency. -->weaken (B) Scientific and engineering talent needed by civilian business will be absorbed by the large-scale project. -->weaken (C) Many civilian businesses will receive subcontracts to provide materials and products needed by the research project. --> support (D) If government research money is devoted to the space project, it will not be available for specifically targeted needs of civilian business, where it could be more efficiently used. -->weaken (E) The increase in taxes or government debt needed to finance the project will severely reduce the vitality of the civilian economy. -->weaken
P: The council proposed a plan to use the biodegradable paper instead of plastic goods. C: The paper is entirely biodegradable, so the paper products will be environmentally better. W: The paper products still have some materials of plastic. (A) Although biodegradable plastic goods are now available, members of the town council believe biodegradable paper goods to be safer for the environment. --> support (B) The paper factory at which most of the towns-people are employed plans to increase production of biodegradable paper goods. -->increase products of paper goods is to support the conclusion. (C) After other towns enacted similar bans on the sale of plastic goods, the environmental benefits were not discernible for several years. --> other towns actions are irrelevant. (D) Since most townspeople prefer plastic goods to paper goods in many instances, they are likely to purchase them in neighboring towns where plastic goods are available for sale. --> contender. (E) Products other than those derived from wood pulp are often used in the manufacture of paper goods that are entirely biodegradable. --> derive from wood pulp is not mentioned in the passage.
P: Since the deregulation, the nation's airlines getting more and more busy. C: Therefore, the nation's busiest airlines will relocate some airlines to the commercial ones. W: The reason is because of the weather, yet not because of the busiest airlines. A: A
P: The most exercise the employees do, the less sick days they will have. C: The company started a fitness program, so the absentee rate will be lower. W: The employees may not attend the fitness program. (A) Employees who exercise during working hours occasionally fall asleep for short periods of time after they exercise. --> irrelevant, the passage talks about the absentee rate/ (B) Employees who are frequently absent are the least likely to cooperate with or to join a corporate fitness program. --> contender! (C) Employees who exercise only once a week in their company’s fitness program usually also exercise after work. --> when to do exercise is irrelevant. (D) Employees who exercise in their company’s fitness program use their working time no more productively than those who do not exercise. --> the passage talks about the absentee rate. (E) Employees who exercise during working hours take slightly longer lunch breaks than employees who do not exercise. --> this is irrelevant.作者: ugly5552000 时间: 2011-11-12 17:18
111.background: the advocates conclude that the large-scale space-defense projects have net benefit to civil business, because the projects has the civil applications, and civil business will raep the government-developed technology. answer: C
112.background:a town council enacted a ban of the sale of disaposable plastic good for substitutes made of paper has existed, to promote the use of biodegradable paper. answer: D
113.background: after the deregulation of airlines, the delays at airport increased fast. More taking off and landing slots must allocated to the commercial airlines. answer: A
114.background:as study has shown that exercise during working hours is able to reduce the sick time of emplyee, if companies start fittness program during working hours, the absentee rate will decrease. answer:B