ChaseDream

标题: GWD3 35 [打印本页]

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作者: jefferyli    时间: 2004-7-21 21:26
标题: GWD3 35

Q35 to Q37:

      Historians who study European

       women of the Renaissance try to mea-

       sure “independence,” “options,” and

Line       other indicators of the degree to which

  (5)       the expression of women’s individuality

was either permitted or suppressed.

Influenced by Western individualism,

these historians define a peculiar form

of personhood:  an innately bounded

(10)      unit, autonomous and standing apart

from both nature and society.  An

anthropologist, however, would contend

that a person can be conceived in ways

other than as an “individual.”  In many

(15)      societies a person’s identity is not

intrinsically unique and self-contained

but instead is defined within a complex

web of social relationships.

      In her study of the fifteenth-century

(20)      Florentine widow Alessandra Strozzi, a

historian who specializes in European

women of the Renaissance attributes

individual intention and authorship of

       actions to her subject.  This historian

(25)      assumes that Alessandra had goals

and interests different from those of her

sons, yet much of the historian’s own

research reveals that Alessandra

acted primarily as a champion of her

(30)      sons’ interests, taking their goals as

her own.  Thus Alessandra conforms

more closely to the anthropologist’s

       notion that personal motivation is

embedded in a social context.  Indeed,

(35)      one could argue that Alessandra did

       not distinguish her personhood from

that of her sons.  In Renaissance

Europe the boundaries of the con-

ceptual self were not always firm

(40)      and closed and did not necessarily

coincide with the boundaries of

the bodily self.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q35:

The passage suggests that the historian mentioned in the second paragraph (lines 19-42) would be most likely to agree with which of the following assertions regarding Alessandra Strozzi?

              

Alessandra was able to act more independently than most women of her time because she was a widow.

Alessandra was aware that her personal motivation was embedded in a social context.

Alessandra had goals and interests similar to those of many other widows in her society.

Alessandra is an example of a Renaissance woman who expressed her individuality through independent action.

Alessandra was exceptional because she was able to effect changes in the social constraints placed upon women in her society.

I choose D, but the key is E?

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作者: caterpillar    时间: 2004-7-22 07:48
答案是D啊?

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作者: haowawa    时间: 2004-8-5 06:32

文中哪说"through independent action"

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作者: jefferyli    时间: 2004-8-5 21:44
In her study of the fifteenth-century

(20)      Florentine widow Alessandra Strozzi, a

historian who specializes in European

women of the Renaissance attributes

individual intention and authorship of

       actions to her subject.

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作者: shingspirit    时间: 2004-10-3 13:16

1. 我也同意D, 请问：

哪里能找到 E的支持段落？

Alessandra was exceptional because she was able to effect changes in the social constraints placed upon women in her society.

另外，

Q36:

It can be inferred that the author of the passage believes which of the following about the study of Alessandra Strozzi done by the historian mentioned in the second paragraph (lines 19-42)?

              

1. Alessandra was atypical of her time and was therefore an inappropriate choice for the subject of the historian’s research.
2. In order to bolster her thesis, the historian adopted the anthropological perspective on personhood.
3. The historian argues that the boundaries of the conceptual self were not always firm and closed in Renaissance Europe.
4. In her study, the historian reverts to a traditional approach that is out of step with the work of other historians of Renaissance Europe.
5. The interpretation of Alessandra’s actions that the historian puts forward is not supported by much of the historian’s research.

哪里能找到B的支持段落？

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作者: shingspirit    时间: 2004-10-4 15:07
36 题 答案到底是E 还是B呀？

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作者: rhod    时间: 2004-10-4 16:19

Q36 is E.

This historian(25)      assumes that Alessandra had goals and interests different from those of her sons, yet much of the historian’s own research reveals that Alessandra acted primarily as a champion of her (30)      sons’ interests, taking their goals as her own.  

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作者: richard_zhang    时间: 2004-10-22 05:06
Indeed,

(35)      one could argue that Alessandra did

       not distinguish her personhood from

that of her sons.  In Renaissance

Europe the boundaries of the con-

ceptual self were not always firm

(40)      and closed and did not necessarily

coincide with the boundaries of

the bodily self.

请问从INDEED开始,是一个预期反对,还是一个递进啊?是什么意思的说啊?

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作者: bobomomo    时间: 2004-10-28 09:01

37 T 怎么都想不明白为什么选B 啊! 到底怎么理解这个PERSONHOOD 呢, 人类学家也没说PERSONHOOD 啊!只说INDIVIDUAL 是在社会里啊! 而不是'INDIVIDUAL' 的!总感觉PERSONHOOD = INDIVIDUAL 啊!

我选A了 天啊 是把A 看反了 如果A 改成 present a argument that undermine in the discusion of hitorian 's study later in the passage 对不对呢???????!我觉得人类学家说的就是在UNDERMINE 下段的HISTORIAN 啊!

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作者: Maggieyin    时间: 2004-10-29 02:44

以下是引用bobomomo在2004-10-28 9:01:00的发言：

37 T 怎么都想不明白为什么选B 啊! 到底怎么理解这个PERSONHOOD 呢, 人类学家也没说PERSONHOOD 啊!只说INDIVIDUAL 是在社会里啊! 而不是'INDIVIDUAL' 的!总感觉PERSONHOOD = INDIVIDUAL 啊!

我选A了 天啊 是把A 看反了 如果A 改成 present a argument that undermine in the discusion of hitorian 's study later in the passage 对不对呢???????!我觉得人类学家说的就是在UNDERMINE 下段的HISTORIAN 啊!

同意，请看：

Thus Alessandra conforms more closely to the anthropologist’s notion that personal motivation is embedded in a social context

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-10-29 2:44:46编辑过]

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作者: springappleleaf    时间: 2004-11-26 21:42
36T: which one is the answer?  B or E?  lease help!

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作者: concong    时间: 2004-11-27 19:27

以下是引用springappleleaf在2004-11-26 21:42:00的发言：
36T: which one is the answer?  B or E?  lease help!

E

[此贴子已经被作者于2004-11-27 19:27:49编辑过]

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作者: westlakegz    时间: 2004-12-8 08:44

In many  societies a person’s identity is not intrinsically unique and self-contained but instead is defined within a complex web of social relationships.

是不是就凭这句就证明37题中的personhood?

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作者: 李大衛    时间: 2004-12-21 20:29
Historians (who後面修飾Historians先跳過,等抓完文具結構再回頭看是什麼歷史學家)who study European
women of the Renaissance try(抓到主要動辭嘗試) to mea-
sure(原來是嘗試衡量) “independence,” “options,” and
other indicators of the degree (衡量3種東西的程度)to which(受格關代-是哪3種呢?-獨立,意見及個人疏發)
the expression of women’s individuality
was either permitted or suppressed.(看完6行原來只有一句話:研究文藝復興的歐洲女人的歷史學家嘗試衡量上述三種程度)
Influenced by Western individualism(Dangling脫節句型:分辭開頭,主辭在鬥號後,是為了避免主辭重複的簡潔句法),
these historians(主辭:歷史學家) define(主要動辭:定義) a peculiar form
of personhood(定義了一種個人型式)(建議take note應該是主要考點) an innately bounded
unit, autonomous(要背:自治) and standing apart
from both nature and society(相當抽象,有概念就好-就是一個自主而獨立於自然跟社會外的個體). An
anthropologist(禿然提到另一種人-預測必考對比差異), however(果然要代出差異點-要看清楚), would contend(=state=assert)
that a person can be conceived in ways(被以xx方式認知)
other than as an “individual.”(以非個人化認知-直接預測下文必只人被社會環境所影響) (下文若與預測相同直接跳過)In many
societies a person’s identity is not
intrinsically unique and self-contained
but instead(直接跳到這看被蛇麼觀念取代) is defined within a complex
web of social relationships(果然是社會關係,小弟直接跳到下一段)

看起來相當恐怖的18行文章若了解ETS計倆其實也就只有3句話,練多了自然有心理建設.
看完一段要知段落功能,功能就那幾種:不是講概念就是舉例-講出歷史學家對個人的定義及另一派人類學家的看?k,並未舉例.因此可預測下段必為舉例部分.

In her study(修辭:代名詞her無先行辭,判斷可能是脫節句型,看主詞有沒有在鬥號後面,沒有就要往前找) of the fifteenth-century
Florentine widow Alessandra Strozzi(原來是對F的寡婦的研究-開始舉例), a
historian(就是本段開頭的her,who先跳過,抓到全句架構再回頭看她是誰) who specializes in European
women of the Renaissance attributes(抓到主要動辭attribute A to B把A歸於B)
individual intention and authorship of
actions to her subject
(天哪~一下6行?!其實粉簡單就一句話:一個歷史學家在一個研究中研究了一個主題
這位專長於”文藝復興歐洲女人”的歷史學家在她對”15世紀F地的寡婦AS”的研究中將”個人動機與行為主導?吽阬k為她的研究主題). (開出了一個案例總不能沒下文? 預測下面必是詳細狀況,快速瞄過抓出主旨)This historian(主辭,當然~不然還有誰)
assumes(主要動辭:假設) that(帶出假設內容-要看清楚,一定跟另一派不同-關鍵考點) Alessandra had goals
and interests(A的目標跟興趣) different from(與誰不同) those of her
sons(原來是跟小孩的不同), yet(轉折,可預測必與假設相反,心中有預測後快速掃過是否與預測相同.若相同就跳過) much of the historian’s own
research(多半她的研究) reveals(主要動辭:揭露) that(帶出揭露點-前已預測跟假設不同,看清楚如何不同?) Alessandra
acted(A實際行動如何?) primarily as a champion of her
sons’ interests, taking their goals as
her own(原來是把小孩們的興趣跟目標當作自己的—跟原本歷史學家認為只是獨立的個人相左-反而與另依派人類學?a的說法吻合: 全文關鍵主旨). Thus(因此) Alessandra conforms
more closely(向xx接近) to the anthropologist’s
notion(果然沒錯: 接近人類學家說法人是社會環境的集合) that(已知主旨,後可快速掃過或跳過) personal motivation is
embedded in a social context. Indeed(忽然冒出一句不知是誰講的:就是作者意見,可考態度題:作者贊同蛇麼-贊同人類學家說人是社會集合),
one could argue that(有人會說xxx:作者自己預設反駁意見-表示作者贊同另一看法) Alessandra did
not distinguish her personhood from
that of her sons(有人會說A不把自己與小孩分開來看-事實上作者不以為然). In Renaissance
Europe(形容詞片語補述後面主辭) the boundaries(主辭:xx的範圍) of the con-
ceptual self(概念自我的範圍) were not always(主要動辭:並不總是) firm
and closed(概念自我的範圍並不總是固定而封閉) and(對等連接詞帶出平行定義) did not necessarily(也並不必然)
coincide(與xx巧合,交疊) with the boundaries of
the bodily self.(一下又來6行…好像很恐怖-其實還是粉簡單)
(概念自我的範圍並不總是固定而封閉,也並不必然與身體的自我交疊)

看完第二段自然知道段落功能-(一樣不是解說概念就是舉例)本段舉例支持歷史學家概念向人類學家概念靠攏(且 作者認同)

全文主旨(就是貫串全文的主軸為何)-實例證實歷史學家對個人的定義像人類學家說法(人是社會的巨集)靠攏

大衛快樂閱讀

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作者: sharemeimei    时间: 2004-12-22 00:47

Great !   分析真透徹啊！感謝！

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作者: ziwingfong    时间: 2005-2-2 22:58

谢谢

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-2-5 21:44:05编辑过]

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作者: tqbiao    时间: 2005-3-17 15:50

以下是引用richard_zhang在2004-10-22 5:06:00的发言：
Indeed,

(35)      one could argue that Alessandra did

       not distinguish her personhood from

that of her sons.  In Renaissance

Europe the boundaries of the con-

ceptual self were not always firm

(40)      and closed and did not necessarily

coincide with the boundaries of

the bodily self.

请问从INDEED开始,是一个预期反对,还是一个递进啊?是什么意思的说啊?

预期反对 ，作者考虑到读者可能会说Alessandrea 没有区分自己的personhood和他的孩子的

在文艺复兴的时候self的概念不是firm和closed的，不一定就是bodily self一致。

也就是说作者在论述的时候说other historians是把孩子和A当成不同的self,后来就来个预期反对了

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作者: titatita    时间: 2005-3-29 10:41

李大哥的解释太棒了,崇拜

您老GMAT考了多少分呀?

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作者: 妞妞的牛牛    时间: 2005-3-30 12:24

哪位能帮忙把下面两句话翻一下?

In her study of the fifteenth-century

(20)      Florentine widow Alessandra Strozzi, a

historian who specializes in European

women of the Renaissance attributes

individual intention and authorship of

actions to her subject.

In Renaissance

Europe the boundaries of the con-

ceptual self were not always firm

(40)      and closed and did not necessarily

coincide with the boundaries of

the bodily self.

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作者: rivergirl    时间: 2005-4-12 15:54
35题到底是EorB?

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作者: 而今迈步从头越    时间: 2005-4-12 17:10
35--37,DEB

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作者: fchn951    时间: 2005-6-16 12:43
不同意楼上。35－37， D B B

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作者: fchn951    时间: 2005-6-16 12:48

第38题呢？

GWD-3-Q38:

According to the passage, much of the research on Alessandra Strozzi done by the historian mentioned in the second paragraph (lines 19-42) supports which of the following conclusions?

1. Alessandra used her position as her sons’ sole guardian to further interests different from those of her sons.
   
   



2. Alessandra unwillingly sacrificed her own interests in favor of those of her sons.
   
   



3. Alessandra’s actions indicate that her motivations and intentions were those of an independent individual.
   
   



4. Alessandra’s social context encouraged her to take independent action.


5. Alessandra regarded her sons’ goals and interests as her own.

我在B和E之间犹豫。B中的unwillingly从原文中看不出。E的regard as和原文的take as意思应该是不一样的。D好像也对， 但independent action从何而来？

再想想，又觉得答案应该在C，D中产生。混乱啊。。。

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-6-16 12:55:25编辑过]

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作者: yukon    时间: 2005-6-29 11:16

我的GWD-3-V 38题不是阅读啊

Q38:

Kate:  The recent decline in numbers of the Tennessee warbler, a North American songbird that migrates each fall to coffee plantations in South America, is due to the elimination of the dense tree cover that formerly was a feature of most South American coffee plantations.

Scott:  The population of the spruce budworm, the warbler’s favorite prey in North America, has been dropping.  This is a more likely explanation of the warbler’s decline.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously calls Scott’s hypothesis into question?

1. The numbers of the Baltimore oriole, a songbird that dose not eat budworms but is as dependent on South American coffee plantations as is the Tennessee warbler, are declining.


2. The spruce-budworm population has dropped because of a disease that can infect budworms but not Tennessee warblers.


3. The drop in the population of the spruce budworm is expected to be only temporary.


4. Many Tennessee warbler have begun migrating in the fall to places other than traditional coffee plantations.


5. Although many North American songbirds have declined in numbers, no other species has experienced as great a decline as has the Tennessee warbler.

   

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作者: yukon    时间: 2005-6-29 11:23

fchn951说的那道题我觉得选E

能讨论一下36题吗？我也许没里解清楚，E的中文意思是什么？是说那个历史学家的研究与Alessandra的表现不符吗？

Q36:

It can be inferred that the author of the passage believes which of the following about the study of Alessandra Strozzi done by the historian mentioned in the second paragraph (lines 19-42)?

              

1. Alessandra was atypical of her time and was therefore an inappropriate choice for the subject of the historian’s research.


2. In order to bolster her thesis, the historian adopted the anthropological perspective on personhood.


3. The historian argues that the boundaries of the conceptual self were not always firm and closed in Renaissance Europe.


4. In her study, the historian reverts to a traditional approach that is out of step with the work of other historians of Renaissance Europe.


5. The interpretation of Alessandra’s actions that the historian puts forward is not supported by much of the historian’s research.

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作者: swlfx    时间: 2005-7-25 18:30

36-E

历史雪茄所提出的对A的行为的解释与这个历史雪茄自己的研究不符。

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作者: swlfx    时间: 2005-7-25 18:32

以下是引用李大衛在2004-12-21 20:29:00的发言：

大衛快樂閱讀

非常感谢透彻的分析。

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作者: JessicaCDer    时间: 2005-7-30 22:09

本来真没明白主旨的,就是不清楚两种学家到底同不同!看得懂英文,没明白逻辑关系...

谢谢DAVID LEE!

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作者: 夏麦    时间: 2005-8-4 16:36
DAVID LEE　好棒

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作者: zhoushao    时间: 2005-8-10 18:26

以下是引用李大衛在2004-12-21 20:29:00的发言：
Historians (who後面修飾Historians先跳過,等抓完文具結構再回頭看是什麼歷史學家)who study European
women of the Renaissance try(抓到主要動辭嘗試) to mea-
sure(原來是嘗試衡量) “independence,” “options,” and
other indicators of the degree (衡量3種東西的程度)to which(受格關代-是哪3種呢?-獨立,意見及個人疏發)
the expression of women’s individuality
was either permitted or suppressed.(看完6行原來只有一句話:研究文藝復興的歐洲女人的歷史學家嘗試衡量上述三種程度)
Influenced by Western individualism(Dangling脫節句型:分辭開頭,主辭在鬥號後,是為了避免主辭重複的簡潔句法),
these historians(主辭:歷史學家) define(主要動辭:定義) a peculiar form
of personhood(定義了一種個人型式)(建議take note應該是主要考點) an innately bounded
unit, autonomous(要背:自治) and standing apart
from both nature and society(相當抽象,有概念就好-就是一個自主而獨立於自然跟社會外的個體). An
anthropologist(禿然提到另一種人-預測必考對比差異), however(果然要代出差異點-要看清楚), would contend(=state=assert)
that a person can be conceived in ways(被以xx方式認知)
other than as an “individual.”(以非個人化認知-直接預測下文必只人被社會環境所影響) (下文若與預測相同直接跳過)In many
societies a person’s identity is not
intrinsically unique and self-contained
but instead(直接跳到這看被蛇麼觀念取代) is defined within a complex
web of social relationships(果然是社會關係,小弟直接跳到下一段)

看起來相當恐怖的18行文章若了解ETS計倆其實也就只有3句話,練多了自然有心理建設.
看完一段要知段落功能,功能就那幾種:不是講概念就是舉例-講出歷史學家對個人的定義及另一派人類學家的看?k,並未舉例.因此可預測下段必為舉例部分.

In her study(修辭:代名詞her無先行辭,判斷可能是脫節句型,看主詞有沒有在鬥號後面,沒有就要往前找) of the fifteenth-century
Florentine widow Alessandra Strozzi(原來是對F的寡婦的研究-開始舉例), a
historian(就是本段開頭的her,who先跳過,抓到全句架構再回頭看她是誰) who specializes in European
women of the Renaissance attributes(抓到主要動辭attribute A to B把A歸於B)
individual intention and authorship of
actions to her subject
(天哪~一下6行?!其實粉簡單就一句話:一個歷史學家在一個研究中研究了一個主題
這位專長於”文藝復興歐洲女人”的歷史學家在她對”15世紀F地的寡婦AS”的研究中將”個人動機與行為主導?吽阬k為她的研究主題). (開出了一個案例總不能沒下文? 預測下面必是詳細狀況,快速瞄過抓出主旨)This historian(主辭,當然~不然還有誰)
assumes(主要動辭:假設) that(帶出假設內容-要看清楚,一定跟另一派不同-關鍵考點) Alessandra had goals
and interests(A的目標跟興趣) different from(與誰不同) those of her
sons(原來是跟小孩的不同), yet(轉折,可預測必與假設相反,心中有預測後快速掃過是否與預測相同.若相同就跳過) much of the historian’s own
research(多半她的研究) reveals(主要動辭:揭露) that(帶出揭露點-前已預測跟假設不同,看清楚如何不同?) Alessandra
acted(A實際行動如何?) primarily as a champion of her
sons’ interests, taking their goals as
her own(原來是把小孩們的興趣跟目標當作自己的—跟原本歷史學家認為只是獨立的個人相左-反而與另依派人類學?a的說法吻合: 全文關鍵主旨). Thus(因此) Alessandra conforms
more closely(向xx接近) to the anthropologist’s
notion(果然沒錯: 接近人類學家說法人是社會環境的集合) that(已知主旨,後可快速掃過或跳過) personal motivation is
embedded in a social context. Indeed(忽然冒出一句不知是誰講的:就是作者意見,可考態度題:作者贊同蛇麼-贊同人類學家說人是社會集合),
one could argue that(有人會說xxx:作者自己預設反駁意見-表示作者贊同另一看法) Alessandra did
not distinguish her personhood from
that of her sons(有人會說A不把自己與小孩分開來看-事實上作者不以為然). In Renaissance
Europe(形容詞片語補述後面主辭) the boundaries(主辭:xx的範圍) of the con-
ceptual self(概念自我的範圍) were not always(主要動辭:並不總是) firm
and closed(概念自我的範圍並不總是固定而封閉) and(對等連接詞帶出平行定義) did not necessarily(也並不必然)
coincide(與xx巧合,交疊) with the boundaries of
the bodily self.(一下又來6行…好像很恐怖-其實還是粉簡單)
(概念自我的範圍並不總是固定而封閉,也並不必然與身體的自我交疊)

看完第二段自然知道段落功能-(一樣不是解說概念就是舉例)本段舉例支持歷史學家概念向人類學家概念靠攏(且 作者認同)

全文主旨(就是貫串全文的主軸為何)-實例證實歷史學家對個人的定義像人類學家說法(人是社會的巨集)靠攏

大衛快樂閱讀

不顶不行啊

我把这个翻成简体拉，为了方便后来的弟妹们看

以下是引用李戴维在2004-12-21 20:29:00的发言：
Historians (who后面修饰Historians先跳过,等抓完文具结构再回头看是什么历史学家)who study European
women of the Renaissance try(抓到主要动辞尝试) to mea-
sure(原来是尝试衡量) “independence,” “options,” and
other indicators of the degree (衡量3种东西的程度)to which(受格关代-是哪3种呢?-独立,意见及个人疏发)
the expression of women’s individuality
was either permitted or suppressed.(看完6行原来只有一句话:研究文艺复兴的欧洲女人的历史学家尝试衡量上述三种程度)
Influenced by Western individualism(Dangling脱节句型:分辞开头,主辞在斗号后,是为了避免主辞重复的简洁句法),
these historians(主辞:历史学家) define(主要动辞:定义) a peculiar form
of personhood(定义了一种个人型式)(建议take note应该是主要考点) an innately bounded
unit, autonomous(要背:自治) and standing apart
from both nature and society(相当抽象,有概念就好-就是一个自主而独立于自然跟社会外的个体). An
anthropologist[I1] (秃然提到另一种人-预测必考对比差异), however(果然要代出差异点-要看清楚), would contend(=state=assert)
that a person can be conceived in ways(被以xx方式认知)
other than as an “individual.”(以非个人化认知-直接预测下文必只人被社会环境所影响) (下文若与预测相同直接跳过)In many
societies a person’s identity is not
intrinsically unique and self-contained
but instead(直接跳到这看被蛇么观念取代) is defined within a complex
web of social relationships(果然是社会关系,小弟直接跳到下一段)

看起来相当恐怖的18行文章若了解ETS计俩其实也就只有3句话,练多了自然有心理建设.
看完一段要知段落功能,功能就那几种:不是讲概念就是举例-讲出历史学家对个人的定义及另一派人类学家的看?k,并未举例.因此可预测下段必为举例部分.

In her study(修辞:代名词her无先行辞,判断可能是脱节句型,看主词有没有在斗号后面,没有就要往前找) of the fifteenth-century
Florentine widow Alessandra Strozzi(原来是对F的寡妇的研究-开始举例), a
historian(就是本段开头的her,who先跳过,抓到全句架构再回头看她是谁) who specializes in European
women of the Renaissance attributes(抓到主要动辞attribute A to B把A归于B)
individual intention and authorship of
actions to her subject
(天哪~一下6行?!其实粉简单就一句话:一个历史学家在一个研究中研究了一个主题
这位专长于”文艺复兴欧洲女人”的历史学家在她对”15世纪F地的寡妇AS”的研究中将”个人动机与行为主导?吽坑k为她的研究主题). (开出了一个案例总不能没下文? 预测下面必是详细状况,快速瞄过抓出主旨)This historian(主辞,当然~不然还有谁)
assumes(主要动辞:假设) that(带出假设内容-要看清楚,一定跟另一派不同-关键考点) Alessandra had goals
and interests(A的目标跟兴趣) different from(与谁不同) those of her
sons(原来是跟小孩的不同), yet(转折,可预测必与假设相反,心中有预测后快速扫过是否与预测相同.若相同就跳过) much of the historian’s own
research(多半她的研究) reveals(主要动辞:揭露) that(带出揭露点-前已预测跟假设不同,看清楚如何不同?) Alessandra
acted(A实际行动如何?) primarily as a champion of her
sons’ interests, taking their goals as
her own(原来是把小孩们的兴趣跟目标当作自己的—跟原本历史学家认为只是独立的个人相左-反而与另依派人类学?a的说法吻合: 全文关键主旨). Thus(因此) Alessandra conforms
more closely(向xx接近) to the anthropologist’s
notion(果然没错: 接近人类学家说法人是社会环境的集合) that(已知主旨,后可快速扫过或跳过) personal motivation is
embedded in a social context. Indeed(忽然冒出一句不知是谁讲的:就是作者意见,可考态度题:作者赞同蛇么-赞同人类学家说人是社会集合),
one could argue that(有人会说xxx:作者自己预设反驳意见-表示作者赞同另一看法) Alessandra did
not distinguish her personhood from
that of her sons(有人会说A不把自己与小孩分开来看-事实上作者不以为然). In Renaissance
Europe(形容词词组补述后面主辞) the boundaries(主辞:xx的范围) of the con-
ceptual self(概念自我的范围) were not always(主要动辞:并不总是) firm
and closed(概念自我的范围并不总是固定而封闭) and(对等连接词带出平行定义) did not necessarily(也并不必然)
coincide(与xx巧合,交迭) with the boundaries of
the bodily self.(一下又来6行…好像很恐怖-其实还是粉简单)
(概念自我的范围并不总是固定而封闭,也并不必然与身体的自我交迭)

看完第二段自然知道段落功能-(一样不是解说概念就是举例)本段举例支持历史学家概念向人类学家概念靠拢(且 作者认同)

全文主旨(就是贯串全文的主轴为何)-实例证实历史学家对个人的定义像人类学家说法(人是社会的宏)靠拢

戴维快乐阅读

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[I1]人类学者

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作者: lindazhou    时间: 2005-8-24 18:14

35, The passage suggests that the historian mentioned in the second paragraph (lines 19-42) would be most likely to agree with which of the following assertions regarding Alessandra Strozzi?请问为什么不是B?

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-8-24 18:14:48编辑过]

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作者: lindazhou    时间: 2005-8-27 15:37
ding

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作者: vacationer    时间: 2005-8-31 13:38

原文31行

Thus Alessandra conforms

more closely to the anthropologist’s

            notion that personal motivation is

           embedded in a social context

B. Alessandra was aware that her personal motivation was embedded in a social context.

文中并没有说Alessandra was aware.

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-8-31 13:39:44编辑过]

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作者: supermonkey    时间: 2005-9-23 21:03

又崩溃了。。。

看了讨论，偶到底也没搞清答案到底是啥。。。

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作者: calculous    时间: 2005-10-5 15:35
DEB

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作者: leonchan    时间: 2005-10-8 02:42
李大卫同志当GMAT讲师的吧？

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作者: dreamerps    时间: 2005-10-13 10:54

GWD-3-Q38:

According to the passage, much of the research on Alessandra Strozzi done by the historian mentioned in the second paragraph (lines 19-42) supports which of the following conclusions?

1. Alessandra used her position as her sons’ sole guardian to further interests different from those of her sons.
   
   
   
   
2. Alessandra unwillingly sacrificed her own interests in favor of those of her sons.
   
   
   
   
3. Alessandra’s actions indicate that her motivations and intentions were those of an independent individual.
   
   
   
   
4. Alessandra’s social context encouraged her to take independent action.
   
5. Alessandra regarded her sons’ goals and interests as her own.

同问38T，答案是A，对吗？A反映的是历史学家人为人是独立的这个观点吗？

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作者: jjll    时间: 2005-10-28 17:03

以下是引用zhoushao在2005-8-10 18:26:00的发言：

请问attributes(抓到主要动辞attribute A to B把A归于B)
individual intention and authorship of
actions to her subject
中的her subject指什么？是象David Lee说的研究主题呢？还是就是这个F的AS？

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作者: jjll    时间: 2005-10-28 20:59
ding

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作者: jjll    时间: 2005-10-28 21:13

以下是引用zhoushao在2005-8-10 18:26:00的发言：

请问这最后一句In Renaissance Europe。。。起了什么作用呢？它和前一句Indeed的那句，是什么关系，是解释还是转折？作者是认同这句还是和前面一句一样的预期反对？

看了半天没搞懂，请哪位高手指教！

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作者: RayBear    时间: 2006-3-10 22:04
个人认为：是对indeed后紧接的句子的补充和进一步解释说明。

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作者: katie83    时间: 2006-9-4 23:54

以下是引用李大衛在2004-12-21 20:29:00的发言：
Historians (who後面修飾Historians先跳過,等抓完文具結構再回頭看是什麼歷史學家)who study European
women of the Renaissance try(抓到主要動辭嘗試) to mea-
sure(原來是嘗試衡量) “independence,” “options,” and
other indicators of the degree (衡量3種東西的程度)to which(受格關代-是哪3種呢?-獨立,意見及個人疏發)
the expression of women’s individuality
was either permitted or suppressed.(看完6行原來只有一句話:研究文藝復興的歐洲女人的歷史學家嘗試衡量上述三種程度)
Influenced by Western individualism(Dangling脫節句型:分辭開頭,主辭在鬥號後,是為了避免主辭重複的簡潔句法),
these historians(主辭:歷史學家) define(主要動辭:定義) a peculiar form
of personhood(定義了一種個人型式)(建議take note應該是主要考點) an innately bounded
unit, autonomous(要背:自治) and standing apart
from both nature and society(相當抽象,有概念就好-就是一個自主而獨立於自然跟社會外的個體). An
anthropologist(禿然提到另一種人-預測必考對比差異), however(果然要代出差異點-要看清楚), would contend(=state=assert)
that a person can be conceived in ways(被以xx方式認知)
other than as an “individual.”(以非個人化認知-直接預測下文必只人被社會環境所影響) (下文若與預測相同直接跳過)In many
societies a person’s identity is not
intrinsically unique and self-contained
but instead(直接跳到這看被蛇麼觀念取代) is defined within a complex
web of social relationships(果然是社會關係,小弟直接跳到下一段)

看起來相當恐怖的18行文章若了解ETS計倆其實也就只有3句話,練多了自然有心理建設.
看完一段要知段落功能,功能就那幾種:不是講概念就是舉例-講出歷史學家對個人的定義及另一派人類學家的看?k,並未舉例.因此可預測下段必為舉例部分.

In her study(修辭:代名詞her無先行辭,判斷可能是脫節句型,看主詞有沒有在鬥號後面,沒有就要往前找) of the fifteenth-century
Florentine widow Alessandra Strozzi(原來是對F的寡婦的研究-開始舉例), a
historian(就是本段開頭的her,who先跳過,抓到全句架構再回頭看她是誰) who specializes in European
women of the Renaissance attributes(抓到主要動辭attribute A to B把A歸於B)
individual intention and authorship of
actions to her subject
(天哪~一下6行?!其實粉簡單就一句話:一個歷史學家在一個研究中研究了一個主題
這位專長於”文藝復興歐洲女人”的歷史學家在她對”15世紀F地的寡婦AS”的研究中將”個人動機與行為主導?吽阬k為她的研究主題). (開出了一個案例總不能沒下文? 預測下面必是詳細狀況,快速瞄過抓出主旨)This historian(主辭,當然~不然還有誰)
assumes(主要動辭:假設) that(帶出假設內容-要看清楚,一定跟另一派不同-關鍵考點) Alessandra had goals
and interests(A的目標跟興趣) different from(與誰不同) those of her
sons(原來是跟小孩的不同), yet(轉折,可預測必與假設相反,心中有預測後快速掃過是否與預測相同.若相同就跳過) much of the historian’s own
research(多半她的研究) reveals(主要動辭:揭露) that(帶出揭露點-前已預測跟假設不同,看清楚如何不同?) Alessandra
acted(A實際行動如何?) primarily as a champion of her
sons’ interests, taking their goals as
her own(原來是把小孩們的興趣跟目標當作自己的—跟原本歷史學家認為只是獨立的個人相左-反而與另依派人類學?a的說法吻合: 全文關鍵主旨). Thus(因此) Alessandra conforms
more closely(向xx接近) to the anthropologist’s
notion(果然沒錯: 接近人類學家說法人是社會環境的集合) that(已知主旨,後可快速掃過或跳過) personal motivation is
embedded in a social context. Indeed(忽然冒出一句不知是誰講的:就是作者意見,可考態度題:作者贊同蛇麼-贊同人類學家說人是社會集合),
one could argue that(有人會說xxx:作者自己預設反駁意見-表示作者贊同另一看法) Alessandra did
not distinguish her personhood from
that of her sons(有人會說A不把自己與小孩分開來看-事實上作者不以為然). In Renaissance
Europe(形容詞片語補述後面主辭) the boundaries(主辭:xx的範圍) of the con-
ceptual self(概念自我的範圍) were not always(主要動辭:並不總是) firm
and closed(概念自我的範圍並不總是固定而封閉) and(對等連接詞帶出平行定義) did not necessarily(也並不必然)
coincide(與xx巧合,交疊) with the boundaries of
the bodily self.(一下又來6行…好像很恐怖-其實還是粉簡單)
(概念自我的範圍並不總是固定而封閉,也並不必然與身體的自我交疊)

看完第二段自然知道段落功能-(一樣不是解說概念就是舉例)本段舉例支持歷史學家概念向人類學家概念靠攏(且 作者認同)

全文主旨(就是貫串全文的主軸為何)-實例證實歷史學家對個人的定義像人類學家說法(人是社會的巨集)靠攏

大衛快樂閱讀

大嘴我太崇拜你了~~~~~~~~

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作者: sabrina07    时间: 2006-10-17 22:54

35. 如果选D的话，那么原文中没有提到过“through independent action”呀？难道是从“widow”一词推出的吗？

D，Alessandra is an example of a Renaissance woman who expressed her individuality through independent action.

百思不得其解。。。

[此贴子已经被作者于2006-10-17 22:56:05编辑过]

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作者: xfysn    时间: 2006-10-29 09:05
谢谢李大卫~

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作者: fighteding    时间: 2006-12-22 09:28
我觉得问题既然问的是那个历史学家是怎么认为的，文中说了她认为那个人的目标和儿子们不同，所以符合d中的独立的行为，而且b中的aware从文中看不出来啊，所以觉得是d，请指教！！

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作者: 及时雨    时间: 2006-12-26 17:48

以下是引用李大衛在2004-12-21 20:29:00的发言：
Historians (who後面修飾Historians先跳過,等抓完文具結構再回頭看是什麼歷史學家)who study European
women of the Renaissance try(抓到主要動辭嘗試) to mea-
sure(原來是嘗試衡量) “independence,” “options,” and
other indicators of the degree (衡量3種東西的程度)to which(受格關代-是哪3種呢?-獨立,意見及個人疏發)
the expression of women’s individuality
was either permitted or suppressed.(看完6行原來只有一句話:研究文藝復興的歐洲女人的歷史學家嘗試衡量上述三種程度)
Influenced by Western individualism(Dangling脫節句型:分辭開頭,主辭在鬥號後,是為了避免主辭重複的簡潔句法),
these historians(主辭:歷史學家) define(主要動辭:定義) a peculiar form
of personhood(定義了一種個人型式)(建議take note應該是主要考點) an innately bounded
unit, autonomous(要背:自治) and standing apart
from both nature and society(相當抽象,有概念就好-就是一個自主而獨立於自然跟社會外的個體). An
anthropologist(禿然提到另一種人-預測必考對比差異), however(果然要代出差異點-要看清楚), would contend(=state=assert)
that a person can be conceived in ways(被以xx方式認知)
other than as an “individual.”(以非個人化認知-直接預測下文必只人被社會環境所影響) (下文若與預測相同直接跳過)In many
societies a person’s identity is not
intrinsically unique and self-contained
but instead(直接跳到這看被蛇麼觀念取代) is defined within a complex
web of social relationships(果然是社會關係,小弟直接跳到下一段)

看起來相當恐怖的18行文章若了解ETS計倆其實也就只有3句話,練多了自然有心理建設.
看完一段要知段落功能,功能就那幾種:不是講概念就是舉例-講出歷史學家對個人的定義及另一派人類學家的看?k,並未舉例.因此可預測下段必為舉例部分.

In her study(修辭:代名詞her無先行辭,判斷可能是脫節句型,看主詞有沒有在鬥號後面,沒有就要往前找) of the fifteenth-century
Florentine widow Alessandra Strozzi(原來是對F的寡婦的研究-開始舉例), a
historian(就是本段開頭的her,who先跳過,抓到全句架構再回頭看她是誰) who specializes in European
women of the Renaissance attributes(抓到主要動辭attribute A to B把A歸於B)
individual intention and authorship of
actions to her subject
(天哪~一下6行?!其實粉簡單就一句話:一個歷史學家在一個研究中研究了一個主題
這位專長於”文藝復興歐洲女人”的歷史學家在她對”15世紀F地的寡婦AS”的研究中將”個人動機與行為主導?吽阬k為她的研究主題). (開出了一個案例總不能沒下文? 預測下面必是詳細狀況,快速瞄過抓出主旨)This historian(主辭,當然~不然還有誰)
assumes(主要動辭:假設) that(帶出假設內容-要看清楚,一定跟另一派不同-關鍵考點) Alessandra had goals
and interests(A的目標跟興趣) different from(與誰不同) those of her
sons(原來是跟小孩的不同), yet(轉折,可預測必與假設相反,心中有預測後快速掃過是否與預測相同.若相同就跳過) much of the historian’s own
research(多半她的研究) reveals(主要動辭:揭露) that(帶出揭露點-前已預測跟假設不同,看清楚如何不同?) Alessandra
acted(A實際行動如何?) primarily as a champion of her
sons’ interests, taking their goals as
her own(原來是把小孩們的興趣跟目標當作自己的—跟原本歷史學家認為只是獨立的個人相左-反而與另依派人類學?a的說法吻合: 全文關鍵主旨). Thus(因此) Alessandra conforms
more closely(向xx接近) to the anthropologist’s
notion(果然沒錯: 接近人類學家說法人是社會環境的集合) that(已知主旨,後可快速掃過或跳過) personal motivation is
embedded in a social context. Indeed(忽然冒出一句不知是誰講的:就是作者意見,可考態度題:作者贊同蛇麼-贊同人類學家說人是社會集合),
one could argue that(有人會說xxx:作者自己預設反駁意見-表示作者贊同另一看法) Alessandra did
not distinguish her personhood from
that of her sons(有人會說A不把自己與小孩分開來看-事實上作者不以為然). In Renaissance
Europe(形容詞片語補述後面主辭) the boundaries(主辭:xx的範圍) of the con-
ceptual self(概念自我的範圍) were not always(主要動辭:並不總是) firm
and closed(概念自我的範圍並不總是固定而封閉) and(對等連接詞帶出平行定義) did not necessarily(也並不必然)
coincide(與xx巧合,交疊) with the boundaries of
the bodily self.(一下又來6行…好像很恐怖-其實還是粉簡單)
(概念自我的範圍並不總是固定而封閉,也並不必然與身體的自我交疊)

看完第二段自然知道段落功能-(一樣不是解說概念就是舉例)本段舉例支持歷史學家概念向人類學家概念靠攏(且 作者認同)

全文主旨(就是貫串全文的主軸為何)-實例證實歷史學家對個人的定義像人類學家說法(人是社會的巨集)靠攏

大衛快樂閱讀

牛B！！！佩服！！！

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作者: lizhezhen    时间: 2006-12-26 18:27

36题不大明白，为什么不是B呢？

Thus Alessandra conforms more closely to the anthropologist’s notion that personal motivation is embedded in a social context. 我觉得足以表明这个历史学家在用人类学的方法进行研究。

---

作者: 寒露    时间: 2007-2-14 14:28

以下是引用李大衛在2004-12-21 20:29:00的发言：
Historians (who後面修飾Historians先跳過,等抓完文具結構再回頭看是什麼歷史學家)who study European
women of the Renaissance try(抓到主要動辭嘗試) to mea-
sure(原來是嘗試衡量) “independence,” “options,” and
other indicators of the degree (衡量3種東西的程度)to which(受格關代-是哪3種呢?-獨立,意見及個人疏發)
the expression of women’s individuality
was either permitted or suppressed.(看完6行原來只有一句話:研究文藝復興的歐洲女人的歷史學家嘗試衡量上述三種程度)
Influenced by Western individualism(Dangling脫節句型:分辭開頭,主辭在鬥號後,是為了避免主辭重複的簡潔句法),
these historians(主辭:歷史學家) define(主要動辭:定義) a peculiar form
of personhood(定義了一種個人型式)(建議take note應該是主要考點) an innately bounded
unit, autonomous(要背:自治) and standing apart
from both nature and society(相當抽象,有概念就好-就是一個自主而獨立於自然跟社會外的個體). An
anthropologist(禿然提到另一種人-預測必考對比差異), however(果然要代出差異點-要看清楚), would contend(=state=assert)
that a person can be conceived in ways(被以xx方式認知)
other than as an “individual.”(以非個人化認知-直接預測下文必只人被社會環境所影響) (下文若與預測相同直接跳過)In many
societies a person’s identity is not
intrinsically unique and self-contained
but instead(直接跳到這看被蛇麼觀念取代) is defined within a complex
web of social relationships(果然是社會關係,小弟直接跳到下一段)

看起來相當恐怖的18行文章若了解ETS計倆其實也就只有3句話,練多了自然有心理建設.
看完一段要知段落功能,功能就那幾種:不是講概念就是舉例-講出歷史學家對個人的定義及另一派人類學家的看?k,並未舉例.因此可預測下段必為舉例部分.

In her study(修辭:代名詞her無先行辭,判斷可能是脫節句型,看主詞有沒有在鬥號後面,沒有就要往前找) of the fifteenth-century
Florentine widow Alessandra Strozzi(原來是對F的寡婦的研究-開始舉例), a
historian(就是本段開頭的her,who先跳過,抓到全句架構再回頭看她是誰) who specializes in European
women of the Renaissance attributes(抓到主要動辭attribute A to B把A歸於B)
individual intention and authorship of
actions to her subject
(天哪~一下6行?!其實粉簡單就一句話:一個歷史學家在一個研究中研究了一個主題
這位專長於”文藝復興歐洲女人”的歷史學家在她對”15世紀F地的寡婦AS”的研究中將”個人動機與行為主導?吽阬k為她的研究主題). (開出了一個案例總不能沒下文? 預測下面必是詳細狀況,快速瞄過抓出主旨)This historian(主辭,當然~不然還有誰)
assumes(主要動辭:假設) that(帶出假設內容-要看清楚,一定跟另一派不同-關鍵考點) Alessandra had goals
and interests(A的目標跟興趣) different from(與誰不同) those of her
sons(原來是跟小孩的不同), yet(轉折,可預測必與假設相反,心中有預測後快速掃過是否與預測相同.若相同就跳過) much of the historian’s own
research(多半她的研究) reveals(主要動辭:揭露) that(帶出揭露點-前已預測跟假設不同,看清楚如何不同?) Alessandra
acted(A實際行動如何?) primarily as a champion of her
sons’ interests, taking their goals as
her own(原來是把小孩們的興趣跟目標當作自己的—跟原本歷史學家認為只是獨立的個人相左-反而與另依派人類學?a的說法吻合: 全文關鍵主旨). Thus(因此) Alessandra conforms
more closely(向xx接近) to the anthropologist’s
notion(果然沒錯: 接近人類學家說法人是社會環境的集合) that(已知主旨,後可快速掃過或跳過) personal motivation is
embedded in a social context. Indeed(忽然冒出一句不知是誰講的:就是作者意見,可考態度題:作者贊同蛇麼-贊同人類學家說人是社會集合),
one could argue that(有人會說xxx:作者自己預設反駁意見-表示作者贊同另一看法) Alessandra did
not distinguish her personhood from
that of her sons(有人會說A不把自己與小孩分開來看-事實上作者不以為然). In Renaissance
Europe(形容詞片語補述後面主辭) the boundaries(主辭:xx的範圍) of the con-
ceptual self(概念自我的範圍) were not always(主要動辭:並不總是) firm
and closed(概念自我的範圍並不總是固定而封閉) and(對等連接詞帶出平行定義) did not necessarily(也並不必然)
coincide(與xx巧合,交疊) with the boundaries of
the bodily self.(一下又來6行…好像很恐怖-其實還是粉簡單)
(概念自我的範圍並不總是固定而封閉,也並不必然與身體的自我交疊)

看完第二段自然知道段落功能-(一樣不是解說概念就是舉例)本段舉例支持歷史學家概念向人類學家概念靠攏(且 作者認同)

全文主旨(就是貫串全文的主軸為何)-實例證實歷史學家對個人的定義像人類學家說法(人是社會的巨集)靠攏

大衛快樂閱讀

绝了！使我对文章的理解清楚多了，本来很晕的，谢谢了。太佩服大卫前辈了！牛人。。。

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作者: gonghao    时间: 2007-7-6 13:46
37 A is wrong, author did so is to list his opinion on this point not the theory

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作者: buenas    时间: 2007-9-5 00:19
谢谢大卫，这下文章终于完全弄明白了

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作者: isuer    时间: 2007-9-20 11:32

35题到底是DorB?

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作者: isuer    时间: 2007-9-22 12:18

up

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作者: 行缘    时间: 2007-10-15 15:29

以下是引用李大衛在2004-12-21 20:29:00的发言：
.......... Thus(因此) Alessandra conforms
more closely(向xx接近) to the anthropologist’s
notion(果然沒錯: 接近人類學家說法人是社會環境的集合) that(已知主旨,後可快速掃過或跳過) personal motivation is
embedded in a social context. Indeed(忽然冒出一句不知是誰講的:就是作者意見,可考態度題:作者贊同蛇麼-贊同人類學家說人是社會集合),
one could argue that(有人會說xxx:作者自己預設反駁意見-表示作者贊同另一看法) Alessandra did
not distinguish her personhood from
that of her sons(有人會說A不把自己與小孩分開來看-事實上作者不以為然). In Renaissance
Europe(形容詞片語補述後面主辭) the boundaries(主辭:xx的範圍) of the con-
ceptual self(概念自我的範圍) were not always(主要動辭:並不總是) firm
and closed(概念自我的範圍並不總是固定而封閉) and(對等連接詞帶出平行定義) did not necessarily(也並不必然)
coincide(與xx巧合,交疊) with the boundaries of
the bodily self.(一下又來6行…好像很恐怖-其實還是粉簡單)
(概念自我的範圍並不總是固定而封閉,也並不必然與身體的自我交疊)

看完第二段自然知道段落功能-(一樣不是解說概念就是舉例)本段舉例支持歷史學家概念向人類學家概念靠攏(且 作者認同)

全文主旨(就是貫串全文的主軸為何)-實例證實歷史學家對個人的定義像人類學家說法(人是社會的巨集)靠攏

大衛快樂閱讀

非常好,但是对于高亮的部分有些不明白

按大尉的解释, indeed后市预期反对：某人可能会反驳：A不把她和她儿子分开来看，而作者反对这一观点。

但我觉得indeed这里是递进关系，这句话解释了A和她儿子的观点相同。即：实际上(indeed)，人们可以认为他们（A&A's son)的personalhood是相同的。而最后一句话是总结的总用，即：人的概念上的自我范围不等同于身体的自我范围,潜在的含义是：A和她儿子的身体范围是不同的(有差异), 但根据anthropogist的观点，在一定的social context下，两者的personalhood是相同的。

这一点拿不准，望大家指点。

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作者: 阿土莎莎    时间: 2007-11-12 13:18

以下是引用李大衛在2004-12-21 20:29:00的发言：
Historians (who後面修飾Historians先跳過,等抓完文具結構再回頭看是什麼歷史學家)who study European
women of the Renaissance try(抓到主要動辭嘗試) to mea-
sure(原來是嘗試衡量) “independence,” “options,” and
other indicators of the degree (衡量3種東西的程度)to which(受格關代-是哪3種呢?-獨立,意見及個人疏發)
the expression of women’s individuality
was either permitted or suppressed.(看完6行原來只有一句話:研究文藝復興的歐洲女人的歷史學家嘗試衡量上述三種程度)
Influenced by Western individualism(Dangling脫節句型:分辭開頭,主辭在鬥號後,是為了避免主辭重複的簡潔句法),
these historians(主辭:歷史學家) define(主要動辭:定義) a peculiar form
of personhood(定義了一種個人型式)(建議take note應該是主要考點) an innately bounded
unit, autonomous(要背:自治) and standing apart
from both nature and society(相當抽象,有概念就好-就是一個自主而獨立於自然跟社會外的個體). An
anthropologist(禿然提到另一種人-預測必考對比差異), however(果然要代出差異點-要看清楚), would contend(=state=assert)
that a person can be conceived in ways(被以xx方式認知)
other than as an “individual.”(以非個人化認知-直接預測下文必只人被社會環境所影響) (下文若與預測相同直接跳過)In many
societies a person’s identity is not
intrinsically unique and self-contained
but instead(直接跳到這看被蛇麼觀念取代) is defined within a complex
web of social relationships(果然是社會關係,小弟直接跳到下一段)

看起來相當恐怖的18行文章若了解ETS計倆其實也就只有3句話,練多了自然有心理建設.
看完一段要知段落功能,功能就那幾種:不是講概念就是舉例-講出歷史學家對個人的定義及另一派人類學家的看?k,並未舉例.因此可預測下段必為舉例部分.

In her study(修辭:代名詞her無先行辭,判斷可能是脫節句型,看主詞有沒有在鬥號後面,沒有就要往前找) of the fifteenth-century
Florentine widow Alessandra Strozzi(原來是對F的寡婦的研究-開始舉例), a
historian(就是本段開頭的her,who先跳過,抓到全句架構再回頭看她是誰) who specializes in European
women of the Renaissance attributes(抓到主要動辭attribute A to B把A歸於B)
individual intention and authorship of
actions to her subject
(天哪~一下6行?!其實粉簡單就一句話:一個歷史學家在一個研究中研究了一個主題
這位專長於”文藝復興歐洲女人”的歷史學家在她對”15世紀F地的寡婦AS”的研究中將”個人動機與行為主導?吽阬k為她的研究主題). (開出了一個案例總不能沒下文? 預測下面必是詳細狀況,快速瞄過抓出主旨)This historian(主辭,當然~不然還有誰)
assumes(主要動辭:假設) that(帶出假設內容-要看清楚,一定跟另一派不同-關鍵考點) Alessandra had goals
and interests(A的目標跟興趣) different from(與誰不同) those of her
sons(原來是跟小孩的不同), yet(轉折,可預測必與假設相反,心中有預測後快速掃過是否與預測相同.若相同就跳過) much of the historian’s own
research(多半她的研究) reveals(主要動辭:揭露) that(帶出揭露點-前已預測跟假設不同,看清楚如何不同?) Alessandra
acted(A實際行動如何?) primarily as a champion of her
sons’ interests, taking their goals as
her own(原來是把小孩們的興趣跟目標當作自己的—跟原本歷史學家認為只是獨立的個人相左-反而與另依派人類學?a的說法吻合: 全文關鍵主旨). Thus(因此) Alessandra conforms
more closely(向xx接近) to the anthropologist’s
notion(果然沒錯: 接近人類學家說法人是社會環境的集合) that(已知主旨,後可快速掃過或跳過) personal motivation is
embedded in a social context. Indeed(忽然冒出一句不知是誰講的:就是作者意見,可考態度題:作者贊同蛇麼-贊同人類學家說人是社會集合),
one could argue that(有人會說xxx:作者自己預設反駁意見-表示作者贊同另一看法) Alessandra did
not distinguish her personhood from
that of her sons(有人會說A不把自己與小孩分開來看-事實上作者不以為然). In Renaissance
Europe(形容詞片語補述後面主辭) the boundaries(主辭:xx的範圍) of the con-
ceptual self(概念自我的範圍) were not always(主要動辭:並不總是) firm
and closed(概念自我的範圍並不總是固定而封閉) and(對等連接詞帶出平行定義) did not necessarily(也並不必然)
coincide(與xx巧合,交疊) with the boundaries of
the bodily self.(一下又來6行…好像很恐怖-其實還是粉簡單)
(概念自我的範圍並不總是固定而封閉,也並不必然與身體的自我交疊)

看完第二段自然知道段落功能-(一樣不是解說概念就是舉例)本段舉例支持歷史學家概念向人類學家概念靠攏(且 作者認同)

全文主旨(就是貫串全文的主軸為何)-實例證實歷史學家對個人的定義像人類學家說法(人是社會的巨集)靠攏

大衛快樂閱讀

鼎鼎。。

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作者: jjyune    时间: 2008-5-25 16:31
顶～～～嘻嘻

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作者: success01    时间: 2009-3-2 19:55
谁能翻译一下第二段的意思，谢谢拉

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作者: xiaofan1016    时间: 2009-7-8 15:26

Historians who study European women of the Renaissance try to measure “independence,” “options,” and other indicators of the degree to which the expression of women’s individuality was either permitted or suppressed. 

不理解...谁能帮忙翻译一下 谢谢了！！

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作者: TracyTeng    时间: 2009-7-10 15:50

看了大牛的讲述理解了不少，这是我看了这些说明以后自己对于文章内容和结构的翻译：

P1

Historians who study European women of the Renaissance try to measure independence, options 和其他能够indicate women individuality 被压制程度的因素。

受individuality的影响，这些历史学家将personhood 进行了一中特殊的define: 是天生有限的，自主的，不受nature and society影响的。

However, 一个人类学家指出一个人可以被非个人化认知（与之前的individuality相左）。后面一句话进一步说明这个观点，Person identity不是unique和self-contained，而是受复杂的社会关系的影响的。

P2

某历史学家在对15C Florentine寡妇AS的研究中将individual intention和action authorship作为主题。在研究中他假设此寡妇有着与她儿子们不同的goals and interests，然而许多历史学家的研究表明这个assume不成立即goals and interests相同。

（由于assume不成立）所以AS更加符合上述人类学家的观点：personal motivation与social context有关。

Indeed, one could argue (此处表达作者的观点，预想后面会考坐着观点题): Alessandra did not distinguish her personhood from that of her sons. -> 说明作者赞同的是yet以后的东西。最后一句话对作者观点加以阐述说明在那个时期个人和社会没有界限：表明受social context的影响。

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作者: Justin12122    时间: 2009-7-11 11:45
我狂顶~~~听lsmm讲过以后，豁然开朗！！

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作者: xiaofan1016    时间: 2009-7-22 14:24
哈哈 懂了 谢谢mm

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作者: lcy19812000    时间: 2010-1-9 18:08
不得不顶！

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作者: woaiwojiaxy    时间: 2010-2-12 23:17
NN啊。。。佩服

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作者: daisylee2010    时间: 2010-8-9 19:23

看了大牛的讲述理解了不少，这是我看了这些说明以后自己对于文章内容和结构的翻译：
P1

Historians who study European women of the Renaissance try to measure independence, options 和其他能够indicate women individuality 被压制程度的因素。

受individuality的影响，这些历史学家将personhood 进行了一中特殊的define: 是天生有限的，自主的，不受nature and society影响的。

However, 一个人类学家指出一个人可以被非个人化认知（与之前的individuality相左）。后面一句话进一步说明这个观点，Person identity不是unique和self-contained，而是受复杂的社会关系的影响的。

P2

某历史学家在对15C Florentine寡妇AS的研究中将individual intention和action authorship作为主题。在研究中他假设此寡妇有着与她儿子们不同的goals and interests，然而许多历史学家的研究表明这个assume不成立即goals and interests相同。

（由于assume不成立）所以AS更加符合上述人类学家的观点：personal motivation与social context有关。

Indeed, one could argue (此处表达作者的观点，预想后面会考坐着观点题): Alessandra did not distinguish her personhood from that of her sons. -> 说明作者赞同的是yet以后的东西。最后一句话对作者观点加以阐述说明在那个时期个人和社会没有界限：表明受social context的影响。

-- by 会员 TracyTeng (2009/7/10 15:50:00)

请问下，既然是受social context的影响的，那为毛
还要选择d啊。d不是说through independent action吗？
The passage suggests that the historian mentioned in the second paragraph (lines 19-42) would be most likely to agree with which of the following assertions regarding Alessandra Strozzi?

1. Alessandra was able to act more independently than most women of her time because she was a widow.
   
2. Alessandra was aware that her personal motivation was embedded in a social context.
   
3. Alessandra had goals and interests similar to those of many other widows in her society.
   
4. Alessandra is an example of a Renaissance woman who expressed her individuality through independent action.
   
   
5. Alessandra was exceptional because she was able to effect changes in the social constraints placed upon women in her society.
   

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作者: wtylys    时间: 2011-7-17 18:18

Historians (who後面修飾Historians先跳過,等抓完文具結構再回頭看是什麼歷史學家)who study European
women of the Renaissance try(抓到主要動辭嘗試) to mea-
sure(原來是嘗試衡量) “independence,” “options,” and
other indicators of the degree (衡量3種東西的程度)to which(受格關代-是哪3種呢?-獨立,意見及個人疏發)
the expression of women’s individuality
was either permitted or suppressed.(看完6行原來只有一句話:研究文藝復興的歐洲女人的歷史學家嘗試衡量上述三種程度)
Influenced by Western individualism(Dangling脫節句型:分辭開頭,主辭在鬥號後,是為了避免主辭重複的簡潔句法),
these historians(主辭:歷史學家) define(主要動辭:定義) a peculiar form
of personhood(定義了一種個人型式)(建議take note應該是主要考點) an innately bounded
unit, autonomous(要背:自治) and standing apart
from both nature and society(相當抽象,有概念就好-就是一個自主而獨立於自然跟社會外的個體). An
anthropologist(禿然提到另一種人-預測必考對比差異), however(果然要代出差異點-要看清楚), would contend(=state=assert)
that a person can be conceived in ways(被以xx方式認知)
other than as an “individual.”(以非個人化認知-直接預測下文必只人被社會環境所影響) (下文若與預測相同直接跳過)In many
societies a person’s identity is not
intrinsically unique and self-contained
but instead(直接跳到這看被蛇麼觀念取代) is defined within a complex
web of social relationships(果然是社會關係,小弟直接跳到下一段)

看起來相當恐怖的18行文章若了解ETS計倆其實也就只有3句話,練多了自然有心理建設.
看完一段要知段落功能,功能就那幾種:不是講概念就是舉例-講出歷史學家對個人的定義及另一派人類學家的看?k,並未舉例.因此可預測下段必為舉例部分.

In her study(修辭:代名詞her無先行辭,判斷可能是脫節句型,看主詞有沒有在鬥號後面,沒有就要往前找) of the fifteenth-century
Florentine widow Alessandra Strozzi(原來是對F的寡婦的研究-開始舉例), a
historian(就是本段開頭的her,who先跳過,抓到全句架構再回頭看她是誰) who specializes in European
women of the Renaissance attributes(抓到主要動辭attribute A to B把A歸於B)
individual intention and authorship of
actions to her subject
(天哪~一下6行?!其實粉簡單就一句話:一個歷史學家在一個研究中研究了一個主題
這位專長於”文藝復興歐洲女人”的歷史學家在她對”15世紀F地的寡婦AS”的研究中將”個人動機與行為主導?吽阬k為她的研究主題). (開出了一個案例總不能沒下文? 預測下面必是詳細狀況,快速瞄過抓出主旨)This historian(主辭,當然~不然還有誰)
assumes(主要動辭:假設) that(帶出假設內容-要看清楚,一定跟另一派不同-關鍵考點) Alessandra had goals
and interests(A的目標跟興趣) different from(與誰不同) those of her
sons(原來是跟小孩的不同), yet(轉折,可預測必與假設相反,心中有預測後快速掃過是否與預測相同.若相同就跳過) much of the historian’s own
research(多半她的研究) reveals(主要動辭:揭露) that(帶出揭露點-前已預測跟假設不同,看清楚如何不同?) Alessandra
acted(A實際行動如何?) primarily as a champion of her
sons’ interests, taking their goals as
her own(原來是把小孩們的興趣跟目標當作自己的—跟原本歷史學家認為只是獨立的個人相左-反而與另依派人類學?a的說法吻合: 全文關鍵主旨). Thus(因此) Alessandra conforms
more closely(向xx接近) to the anthropologist’s
notion(果然沒錯: 接近人類學家說法人是社會環境的集合) that(已知主旨,後可快速掃過或跳過) personal motivation is
embedded in a social context. Indeed(忽然冒出一句不知是誰講的:就是作者意見,可考態度題:作者贊同蛇麼-贊同人類學家說人是社會集合),
one could argue that(有人會說xxx:作者自己預設反駁意見-表示作者贊同另一看法) Alessandra did
not distinguish her personhood from
that of her sons(有人會說A不把自己與小孩分開來看-事實上作者不以為然). In Renaissance
Europe(形容詞片語補述後面主辭) the boundaries(主辭:xx的範圍) of the con-
ceptual self(概念自我的範圍) were not always(主要動辭:並不總是) firm
and closed(概念自我的範圍並不總是固定而封閉) and(對等連接詞帶出平行定義) did not necessarily(也並不必然)
coincide(與xx巧合,交疊) with the boundaries of
the bodily self.(一下又來6行…好像很恐怖-其實還是粉簡單)
(概念自我的範圍並不總是固定而封閉,也並不必然與身體的自我交疊)

看完第二段自然知道段落功能-(一樣不是解說概念就是舉例)本段舉例支持歷史學家概念向人類學家概念靠攏(且 作者認同)

全文主旨(就是貫串全文的主軸為何)-實例證實歷史學家對個人的定義像人類學家說法(人是社會的巨集)靠攏

大衛快樂閱讀

-- by 会员 李大衛 (2004/12/21 20:29:00)

生猛海鲜阿！！

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作者: wtylys    时间: 2011-7-17 18:21
题目问的是历史学家的观点，他们是支持“人是独立”的这个观点，而人类学家说是和社会环境有关系

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作者: 逆水潜龙    时间: 2011-11-13 00:08
一些历史学家因为对文艺复兴的女人的individual方向研究，使其受影响认为女人是脱离社会的individual。然而人类学家这认为女人是受社会网络影响的，并非固定的individual，提出一个研究支持其观点（例子里历史学家支持individual，但历史学家的很多研究却表明了是人类学家的观点，即社交非individual）

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作者: ymx0711    时间: 2012-5-5 17:27
终于懂了~！！！

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作者: alisayangyang    时间: 2012-11-18 16:26
李大衛的文章解析给了我很大的启发啊，原来读文章是要特别关注主语、动词，还有转折词

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作者: alisayangyang    时间: 2012-11-18 16:29
标题: 对的，这个subject 就是那个window AS

以下是引用zhoushao在2005-8-10 18:26:00的发言：

请问attributes(抓到主要动辞attribute A to B把A归于B)
individual intention and authorship of
actions to her subject
中的her subject指什么？是象David Lee说的研究主题呢？还是就是这个F的AS？

-- by 会员 jjll (2005/10/28 17:03:00)

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作者: 大太阳shining    时间: 2013-1-23 13:24
好强啊！！

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