GWD Set 12 T19 - ChaseDream - Powered by Discuz!

这道题大家都认为是C么？especially one that has worked well 和a course of action相隔十万八千里怎么能对呢？读完C能immediately clear it 的referent 么？E的being ~形式虽然有点不像答案，但是总比C强，而且在意思上强调状态是agent也没有问题。

E is incorrect because the initial part of the sentence "being heavily....."is not parellel with the part after "is like","to make an executive..."

老大们啊，到底是那个阿，这道题仁者见仁智者见智，争论不休，通过我得仔细研究----这不是写issue嘛。

现在觉得c还是比e豪，e中的being 用得不好，另外这道题强调的是人，还有，用especially,后面是不是应该用the one 好一些呢？

同意楼上MM，差不多说了全部我想说的。仔细分析其实E很混乱，主语都没有，且后半句累赘重复。

up C

Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.

UP一下，楼上mm说的不错，但是对于这2个的解释实在不能让偶很信服,我犹豫了半天还是选了E

An executive (去掉所有修饰语 who..., in the past) makes ... or misinterpreting ...

另，makes missing signs trouble 表达的方法也不对，troublesome 还有可能，trouble 可是 n.

当 Being .... 做主语时，being 需要其自己的的主语, 而整个 Being ....中

同意选c。代词指代谁，首先是要根据逻辑意思判断的，c中的it只能是a course of action 。

我对语法分析不在行，但是a读起来真的很怪呀，it很难找到指代对象，而且句子没主语吧

A) Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.

(A) is wrong??? is it because the "it" can both refer to "heavy commitment" and " a course of action"

感觉是execuive。翻译为“特别是如果他（她）过去一直工作的很好。”这里it指代主句主语，多远都不怕！

it 指 a course of action， it 确实是优先指代主语，但这里主语是人，显然不行

我的理解“特别是 a course of action 在过去确实发挥了很好的作用 ”

E致命的错误是being heavily committed to a course of action没有表明是谁being committed., 后面an executivew无法被逻辑的作为being描述的对象.

C中虽然it指代有点离被指代词太远,而且has的语态有点疑惑, 但也实在找不到更好的答案了.

整体感觉上还是 e 对. Being heavily committed to a course of action is likely to make an executive to do sth. "an executive" 做 "being committed" 的主语感觉没有问题啊...

有人选B吗?我怎么觉得C中: especially if it has worked well in the past.时态不对吧. 而且, 如果it indicates a couurse of action, 这也隔得太远了吧.

以下是引用sofarsgood在2004-9-12 6:33:00的发言：

Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.

Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.
An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that worked well in the past, makes missing signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting ones likely when they do appear.
An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action is likely to miss or misinterpret signs of incipient trouble when they do appear, especially if it has worked well in the past.
Executives’ being heavily committed to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes them likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting them when they do appear.
Being heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that has worked well in the past, is likely to make an executive miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.

我还是觉得C对。

关于C中it的指代问题：

it之前有三个名词：executive，a course of action 和signals,这三个中只有a course of action 能用it指代，所以即使it离的再远，它也是只能指代a course of action.这是一种强制指代吧。

E中Being heavily committed to a course of action，接下来主语应该是executive才对，而在E中Being heavily committed to a course of action却变成了句子的主语，结构变成了Being done something is ......这在GMAT中好像是不提倡的。

comments pls

The structure of the sentence is "An executive......, makes missing signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting ones likely when they do appear.

说说我对B的意见：make的正确用法中没有make+doing，一般都是make sth. sth或者make sth. adj.。这里的doing应该不是动名词，而是分词，退一步说likely可以当adj，变成make sth. adj形式，trouble也不可能是adj.所以B不对

我选C，只有C才正确使用miss or misinterpret signs of incipient trouble，其他的选想都是miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting them，在两个动词带的宾语一致时，不把两个动词并列，带同一宾语，而是在后一个动词用代词them(ones）代替，很罗嗦。当然还有其他原因支持我选C，不过其他人都已说过。

欧选了e，虽然看了前人这么多的讨论，还是觉得c的it指代是a course of action煞是勉强，e答案虽然不是ets的常规选项，但是不得不承认，有时候小e是会放冷箭的，而且being commited ...整句做主语未尝不可呀，没有语法说过一定要有动名次的主语，而且这样写逻辑意义很清晰，表示泛指“这样的一种习惯会使得老谋深算的管理层犯低级错误。”等待大家进一步讨论。

1.C中的it离a course of action实在太远了,每次读这句话我都得先说服自己it的指代对象在远远的前方

2.我以为"miss or misinterpret signs of incipient trouble when they do appear"和"miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear"表达了不同的意思.前者指在signs出现的时候,excutive忽略或者误解了他们..后者的意思则是在那些signs没有do appear的时候,excutive忽略了他们,而当那些signs顽强出现的时候,excutive就错误地解释他们......我以为后者比较符合逻辑.

Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.

A里面第二个it是很讨厌。但是我记得高中有个语法知识就是XX make it possible that XX和make it possbile to do XX。这里的it是指后面的 that XXX从句或者 to do XXX.

103. Students in the metropolitan school district lack math skills to such a large degree as to make it difficult to absorb them into a city economy becoming ever more dependent on information-based industries.

(A) lack math skills to such a large degree as to make it difficult to absorb them into a city economy becoming

(B) lack math skills to a large enough degree that they will be difficult to absorb into a city's economy that becomes

(D) are lacking so much in math skills as to be difficult to absorb into a city's economy becoming

(E) are so lacking in math skills that it will be difficult to absorb them into a city economy becoming

In A, lack is modified by a wordy and awkward construction, to such a large degree as to make it difficult to. B is similarly flawed, and to a large enough degree that is unidiomatic. C is ungrammatical because it uses lack as a noun rather than as a verb: the phrase beginning Students... becomes a dangling element, and them refers illogically to skills rather than students. Additionally, A, B, and C fail to use one or both of the "-ing" forms are lacking and becoming; these forms are preferable to lack and becomes in describing progressive and ongoing conditions. D uses the "-ing" forms, but so much... as to be difficult to absorb is an awkward and unidiomatic verbal modifier. Choice E is best.

Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.

为什么ACDE都用了has worked well in the past？难道没有人觉得错吗？这么明显？！NN能解释一下吗？如果能解释掉这个最大的bug，C无疑很好。

我对这个时态也很不满意，可是c作为正确选项也出现了同样的问题。

请教一下，in the past到底能不能和完成时连用啊？？我一般看见具体时间标志就找过去时……难道这条判定标准也错了？

今天复习GWD，越来越觉得语法棘手，怎么越做越退步了…………

支持E

C肯定不对，同意前面的意见，距离太远了。凡是有点语感的人都会看出来……不是说拿着语法死扣能扣出来就是对的。日常生活中没有人会这样写。

E中的being虽然在我们的思维定势中属于不惯用（这是被OG建立起来的），但是只要仔细看就会发现ETS的题目中（虽然语法题不多）经常会用到Being，说明这是一个比较常用的用法，顶多只是ETS preference的问题。而即使OG中being也曾经在正确选项中出现过。在OG的preference中，逻辑正确性和清楚性绝对优先于简洁性。所以，CE比较，肯定是E好。

Amake的用法肯定不对。
B中executive...makes也肯定错
C中后面的them不能用来指代所有格中的executives.

个人觉得还是C对，如果说C关键的错误在于it指代 a course of action 存在逻辑错误，那么E中的one是指代什么呢？感觉也应该是a course of action吧，那么E也不对了吧。

且： a course of action has worked well有什么逻辑错误呢？我觉得这样没问题，意思是说这个方案以前一直运行得很好吧，就好像说：the watch works well. 也是很常见的表达。不能因为离得远就说是错误的吧，那种跳跃式的修饰都是离得很远但是却是因为主谓一致而可以判断其修饰的对象的啊。

in the past其实就说明用现在完成时是正确的啊！in the past和since等差不多，还可以作为判断现在完成时常用的标志呢。

E，being不一定有错，这个说法是正确的，但是这题的关键是：主语缺乏啊，being结构缺乏这个动作的承受者啊。

Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.

A、heavy commitment by sb. to sth.：awkward；miss和misinterpret没有逻辑主语；miss sth. or misinterpret sth. when they do appear，when从句修饰对象不清，修饰misinterpret或miss or misinterpret。

B、one优先指代an executive；make sth. doing sth. or doing sth. likely，unidiomatic，注：前面有人说过make sth. adj.是正确的结构，我承认，但这里missing signs和misinterpreting ones是动宾结构，而非名词性短语，因而不能当作sth.处理，所以错；ones不如them；和A一样的歧义。

C、正确。it的指代问题：首先，it不可能指代an executive，因为是人；其次，a course of action和signs都是宾语，同一级别，而incipient trouble是signs的补充说明（个人认为是补语，不确定），级别比前两者低，因此it优先指代a course of action。除此之外，miss or misinterpret signs of incipient trouble when they do appear结构没有A那样的歧义。

E、being ... is likely to make sb. do结构不好，没有指出being的逻辑主语；和A一样的歧义。

我觉得主语就是being.....，especially xxx是插入语，修饰前面的a course of action，后面的is ....就是谓语和宾语了。

这里的being结构不是做状语的，所以being不能省略。OG大部分是不喜欢being结构做状语，认为being是多余。但是这题不一样啊。

以下是引用sofarsgood在2004-9-12 6:33:00的发言：

Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.

Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.
An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that worked well in the past, makes missing signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting ones likely when they do appear.
An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action is likely to miss or misinterpret signs of incipient trouble when they do appear, especially if it has worked well in the past.
Executives’ being heavily committed to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes them likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting them when they do appear.
Being heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that has worked well in the past, is likely to make an executive miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.

我还是觉得C对。

关于C中it的指代问题：

comments pls

E .Being heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that has worked well in the past, is likely to make an executive miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.

本来也选E，现在发现E不对，因为being heailiy committed to..的动作发出者和主句谓语is应该有的动作发出者不一致，也就是逻辑搭配不匹配，所以肯定错。

E中的"especially one that worked well in the past" 指代"a course of action"比C中的"especially if it has worked well in the past",位置好,指代清楚.C中的"especially if it has worked well in the past"放到从句中有点主句已说完了,多余的感觉.这是因为这种以前有效的措施只是一种特例especially one that..., 而不是一个条件,所以主从句中这种条件关系有些勉强.

E：Being heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that has worked well in the past, is likely to make an executive miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear

E'：Being heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that has worked well in the past, an executive is likely to miss signs of incipient or misinterpret them when they do appear

原来是想说：人（尤其在什么情况下）容易犯（什么什么）错

语法上来说，C，E都没有绝对错误。C的it虽远，但没有歧义，不能说不行。E的主语有点不好，但也未必就错。[虽然ETS应该讨厌E——当然也不喜欢C]。但C的it基本上已经不存在优化了，而E则在结构上完全可优化。

而E，being ... is likely to make sb. do sth.若把is likely to去掉，看直接意思更有问题：being ... make sb.do sth.因此，问题到不是being ...是谁发出的动作（表被动时，有不确定动作发出者的情况）而是make sb. do sth.能不能由being ...来实现。

前面有人说过的 especially one that ...做同位语，that应省略。大家有何意见？

OG上好像有说in the past应用一般过去时，不能用完成时，那只有B对

看了半天，发现大部分人不选E是因为"being committed". 我认为是动名词被动态作主语。动名词被动态不多见，我只记得另外一例， Framed by traitorous colleagues, Alfred Dreyfus was imprisoned for twelve years before being exonerated and freed

Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.

An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that worked well in the past, makes missing signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting ones likely when they do appear.

one是a course of action的同位语，来进一步解释是什么样的course of action.

也就是 makes A or B likely. (这里的A和B，分别是missing signs...和misinterpreting ones...)

这样分析结构很对称，而且有解决的C中it指代不清的迷惑。况且，即使C中的it是指代course of action的，也未免离别修饰对象太远了吧，不符合ETS的就近修饰原则。

一位忠于一种行动（或决策，whatever）的executive, 尤其是在他所尊从的这种行动一向worked well的情况下，更容易发生missing signs of incipient trouble 或 misinterpret signs of incipient trouble的错误。

2) being committed做主语无错，正如doing sth.做主语一样，无需强调doing动作的发出者是什么主句主语或逻辑主语

3) being会成为正确选项的，个人认为不要以ETS不喜欢什么做答案去做判断，我认为ETS只喜欢做一件事，就是迷惑考生

4) one that has worked well in the past中的one是a course of action的同位语，无错

5) 个人认为本题原文中的make不要轻易去掉，C的意思和E的意思是有区别的

E中的逻辑意思和A最接近，C的句式捎后，但是句子重心变动了。

个人以为C改变了原句的意思。原句是强调某个行为会导致某种后果，而C变成了某人可能会怎么样怎么样，有点不爽

Over commitment to a course of action is likely to make executives miss certain warning signs or misinterpret them when they do appear.

以下是引用sofarsgood在2004-9-12 6:33:00的发言：

Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.

Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.
An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that worked well in the past, makes missing signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting ones likely when they do appear.
An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action is likely to miss or misinterpret signs of incipient trouble when they do appear, especially if it has worked well in the past.
Executives’ being heavily committed to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes them likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting them when they do appear.
Being heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that has worked well in the past, is likely to make an executive miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.

我还是觉得C对。

关于C中it的指代问题：

comments pls

我也同意C选项~~~不过~~~前面还有一个名词啊~~~trouble~~~~让我觉得it的指代不见得就十全十美~~~不过~~比较而言~~~我还是倾向C

E ：" especially one that has worked well in the past" 中的one指代不清，可以指An executive 也可以指a course of action

Sorry, I think 'one', 指代很清楚, 因为 'executive' 那时还没出现那.

用especially,后面是不是应该用the one 好一些呢

-Wrong, here we are just talking about a certain kind of committment, not THE commitment. It is not limited to THE single case.

到了ETS修改前的原句
Over commitment to a course of action is likely to make executives miss certain warning signs or misinterpret them when they do appear.
http://www.act-consult.com/Web/Services/Project_goes_awry.htm[/QUOTE]

Now compare E with it:

Being heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that has worked well in the past , is likely to make an executive miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.

What do you think, don't you think the original looks most like E?

作者: merben 时间: 2006-3-15 14:11
E is definitely right.

作者: 香香茶 时间: 2006-5-18 22:50

以下是引用zenger在2005-10-18 12:53:00的发言：

从意思上来说，C就突出了。C的主句意思直接，准确。

而E，being ... is likely to make sb. do sth.若把is likely to去掉，看直接意思更有问题：being ... make sb.do sth.因此，问题到不是being ...是谁发出的动作（表被动时，有不确定动作发出者的情况）而是make sb. do sth.能不能由being ...来实现。

我很赞同。

作者: rosmarine 时间: 2006-6-9 05:39
of course E.

作者: hawkinsxie 时间: 2006-6-18 18:53

虽然，恶心，但根据OG的感觉，选C。

注：这种感觉只能意会，不可言传

作者: littlesnail 时间: 2006-6-26 12:34

我选E.

如果是BEING….. IS TO DO….. 那是错的, 但是这里用的是BE LILELY TO ……它是一个固定结构.

作者: littlesnail 时间: 2006-6-26 12:41

A COUSE OF ACTION 在主语的定语从句中, 而IT 跑到主句中去修饰定语从句,显然是ETS 不允许的.

加上刘振民的语法书中举过两例用BEING 的偏题,所以用BEING 不一定都错,尤其是我们在找到其它选项有很明显的错误的时候.

作者: mejor 时间: 2006-7-6 11:57

being 在GMAT中只有一种情况是正确的，那就是在介词的后面，其它地方全错。

呵呵，欢迎大家讨论。

作者: demon_hunter 时间: 2006-7-9 14:38

以下是引用mudfish在2005-5-5 5:47:00的发言：

强烈 C

Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.

Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear. ( it前面出现两个n., 指代不清)
An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that worked well in the past, makes missing signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting ones likely when they do appear. (make + doing 绝对错)
这里的结构应该是make...likely，而不是make doing...
这道题目我也选择了B,主要觉得C改变了原句的逻辑结构。
An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action is likely to miss or misinterpret signs of incipient trouble when they do appear, especially if it has worked well in the past. （it 只能指代 a course of action, 因为它前面的an executive是人，signs是复数，不会造成混淆）
Executives’ being heavily committed to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes them likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting them when they do appear.（这个选项的错误就不用我多说了吧，呵呵。。）
Being heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that has worked well in the past, is likely to make an executive miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear. （one 在这里作为a course of action 的同位语，即代词代替性同位结构n., one/ones + that是没有错误的，但是我觉得likely位置的改变影响了句子的原意，原句的likely是放在make的后面，同时本选项后半句的表达感觉不如C简练）

以上拙见欢迎讨论

作者: fiaoyaya 时间: 2006-7-10 10:20
这道题目我很喜欢御风行JJ的解释,还是觉得E正确.

作者: lancome130 时间: 2006-7-21 15:45

B答案正确。

Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it
has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear. (it 优先指代commitment)
An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that worked well in the past, makes missing signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting ones likely when they do appear.
An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action is likely to miss or misinterpret signs of incipient trouble when they do appear, especially if it has worked well in the past.
Executives’ being heavily committed to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes them likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting them when they do appear. (them不能指代executives)
Being
heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that has worked well in the past, is likely to make an executive miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.（必错）

关键是b和c，从句意很容易看出c是错的，“特别是如果这种方法在过去非常好用的话，executives就很可能犯。。。的错误“

而b，“excutives依赖于是用某种方法，尤其是那种在过去一直非常好用的，很可能会犯。。。的错误”

[此贴子已经被作者于2006-7-26 16:56:12编辑过]

作者: 哈佛情人 时间: 2006-8-4 05:29

我选C,C更倾向于OG的句子结构.谓语动词离主语近,句子紧凑.

作者: huhai 时间: 2006-8-20 22:10

以下是引用babypace在2005-9-8 0:47:00的发言：

我觉得主语就是being.....，especially xxx是插入语，修饰前面的a course of action，后面的is ....就是谓语和宾语了。

这里的being结构不是做状语的，所以being不能省略。OG大部分是不喜欢being结构做状语，认为being是多余。但是这题不一样啊。

我觉得的。

我同意MM的看法。为什么N多人非抱定BEING缺主语的想法，不能变通点吗，原来就是BEING是主语啊。我较为支持E。

作者: lez9664 时间: 2006-8-20 23:16

E 的逻辑意思不对。

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