ChaseDream
标题: Season 2——manhattan 36(已点评) [打印本页]
作者: superbat28 时间: 2011-10-23 08:19
标题: Season 2——manhattan 36(已点评)
Aerugo, also known as verdigris, is the green "bloom"
visible on many copper items, and is produced, like iron rust, over the course of time by the exposure of the metal to the oxygen in the atmosphere.
A visible on many copper items, and is produced
B that is visible on many copper items, and which produces
C visible on many copper items, and produces
D that is visible on many copper items, and that produces
E which is visible on many copper items, and which is produced
选项解析:The original sentence is correct. It contains two clauses, which are made parallel in the original sentence.Choice A: Correct Answer. This sentence tells us two things about Aerugo: First, it is the green “bloom” visible on many copper items; Second, Aerugo is produced via a certain process.
Choice B: produces should be is produced. Admittedly, generally we should omit an inverted sentence, but this rule is only applicable when the inverted sentence has the same meaning that the original sentence conveys. Here, Aerugo is produced by a certain process and Aerugo produces by a certain process do not have the same meaning, so we must pick up the right meaning of the sentence. (In fact, the latter sentence does not make sense at all.)For more about the inverted sentence, you may see题目点评Also, this choice slightly changes the meaning of the sentence. In Choice B, that is visible…, and which produces… both modifies the green “bloom”. However, in Choice A, the original sentence meant to say that Aerugo, not the green “bloom”, is produced by a certain process
Choice C: produces is wrong. The same mistake has already been discussed in Choice B.Choice D: Basically, this option is the same as choice B. Although it changes which to that, Choice B and D have the same mistakes.Choice E: This option is interesting for it does not have any grammar mistake. However, again we should pay close attention to the meaning of the sentence. As discussed in Choice B, in Choice E, the parallelism is "which is visible" and "which is produced", both describing "bloom". This faulty parallelism distorts the meaning of the sentence.
题目点评:
本题涉及考点:平行,句子构成
这道题并不是非常好秒杀。但是BCD确实是可以秒排的选项。对于初学者以及脑子中存有定理的童鞋们,这里需要强调的一点是:并非所有情况下主动都是优于被动的。主动优于被动的情形是指:在主动和被动都表意一样的情况下,主动是优于被动的(见OG12 Q7,为什么从句中用主动而非被动形式)。
但是,如果被动能更好地表达语句意思(见OG12 Q46,被动更好表现了句子所要求的平行),如果句子本身构成就应该是一个被动句时(如本题),我们着实应该选择被动句。
更多关于被动句语法构成的资料,可参考Manhattan Chapter7 Active and Passive Voice
对于AE的判别,则再次需要引入对语义的理解。尽管有人会说which不能引导限定性修饰从句,但是这个想法本身是存在争议的,对于E我们有更好的排除方法。
关注两个句子的层次结构:
选项A: A是一个【在哪里visible的green "bloom"】,并且A,像iron rust一样,是【通过XXX而产生的】。
选项E: A是一个【在哪里visible,且通过XXX而产生的】green "bloom"。
可见,在A选项中是在叙述关于Aerugo的两件事情:【A怎样,A又怎样】;而在E中,平行项是green “bloom”的两个限定修饰词。而且,E选项暗含一个意味,即A只能是它限定修饰的这种情况下的green bloom,而不能是【任何其他形式产生/或在别的地方可见】的green “bloom”。显然,这个语义并不是作者所想要表达的语义。
此外,原句中的like iron rust也是一个很重要的参考点。什么和iron rust一样?是Aerugo它的形成过程。而选项E的话,则使语句变成了bloom的形成过程和iron rust一样。
故而,这道题应该选A。
思路点评:
1楼 mahaofei001 及 4楼 clover033 都提到【which不能引导限定性从句,which出现的时候前头一定要有逗号】的问题
但是,我想说,这个规律是正确的,但是这个点绝对不能作为一道题是正是误的绝对标准。也就是说,不能拿which前面没有出现逗号,就判断说which的用法一定是错的。因为OG Q10也提到这个点现在很controversial。但是,也正是因为这个controversial,大多数情况下出现的which前面一定会伴随逗号。所以,我想说的是,这个规律是存在的,但绝对不能作为判断一个选项是正是误的绝对标准。
关于大家都提到的that和which的问题:
我个人还是想跟大家强调的是,既然【二者从理论上都可以做限定性修饰】(或者说既然二者在语法上都不能构成绝对错误点),那我们关心的就不再是选that还是选which了。这个时候,我们要把句意一起囊括进来考虑,就如同1楼 mahaofei001 提到的,E的问题主要是改变了句子重心,或者我们可以叫它是逻辑错误了。因为大家再通读句子会发现,这个which是就近修饰前面的名词的,而不再是AXXX那个东西了。所以,这会造成句子意思上的转变,而且这种转变往往是不合逻辑的。
此外,关于平行,还是,我个人觉得这道题不能拿平行来解释。如同OG Q137,who和whose也不一样的哇~所以,如同aeo版主曾经也跟我说过【平行不是表面平行,功能平行就叫平行】。所以,我认为that和which在这道题里是平行的。
2楼 aaroncheng 提到 visible能不能直接加在名词后
当然能啦~visible是形容词,形容词是用来修饰名词的哇~而且不一定是我们通常见到的如同an interesting story这样的结构,有的时候形容词就是后置放在名词后的~
OK~本次精华楼层~嗯嗯~
1楼 mahaofei001 和我思路好一致的说~
16楼 lovepunch 就是帖子小乱~呃~~
3楼 majestywhite 4楼 clover033 并列第三好啦~你们俩思路没什么差别。。哈哈
作者: mahaofei001 时间: 2011-10-23 10:14
A
首先which引导的定语从句前需要","排除E.从意思上讲的话,如果用which,那么E选项修饰的就是green bloom了。而愿意应该是去说Aerugo巴拉巴拉如何了。
再从未划线的后半句,可以看出来,Aerugo(就是氧化铜了,俗称铜绿)是因为被暴露在空气中的氧气氧化产生的。所以应该是被动关系。BCD就全错了。于是选的A。
整句话的意思说,氧化铜,通常被称为铜绿,大片出现在很多铜器上。它的产生就像铁锈一样是因为随着时间的推移,暴露在空气中的氧气的缘故。(翻译不是太好,大家将就吧)
作者: aaroncheng 时间: 2011-10-23 10:40
选E吧
我感觉只有E的语法结构正确,BCD因为后面的BY 和句意理解错误很明显, A中visible 可以直接加在后面吗?
虽然E我感觉有点改变句子重心了。 等待牛人吧。
作者: majestywhite 时间: 2011-10-23 10:49
Aerugo, also known as verdigris, is the green "bloom" visible on many copper items, and is produced, like iron rust, over the course of time by the exposure of the metal to the oxygen in the atmosphere.
A visible on many copper items, and is produced
B that is visible on many copper items, and which produces
C visible on many copper items, and produces
D that is visible on many copper items, and that produces
E which is visible on many copper items, and which is produced
选A。
划线部分有and,找平行。
B选项里面,that与which不对称,不好~且如果that与which平行、produce主动时态,produces这个动作发出者就是the green bloom。逻辑错误!
produce 这个动作应该描述句子主语A,表明A应该是被制造,因为produce后面有by……空气氧化金属。A不能制造空气氧化金属吧,语义不通语法也不通~
C选项,同B,produces主动态不对,应该用被动。
D选项同C,produces主动态不对,应该用被动。that与that平行,表示produce用来描述the green "bloom",不对。
E同D。which与which平行,表示produce用来描述the green "bloom",不对。且限定性的定语从句用that引导比较好~(这点请斑竹大人说说吧,我记得貌似是这样)
作者: clover033 时间: 2011-10-23 13:15
Aerugo, also known as verdigris, is the green "bloom" visible on many copper items, and is produced, like iron rust, over the course of time by the exposure of the metal to the oxygen in the atmosphere.
A visible on many copper items, and is produced
B that is visible on many copper items, and which produces
C visible on many copper items, and produces
D that is visible on many copper items, and that produces
E which is visible on many copper items, and which is produced
"and" 必定是要考平行。首先,E选项中which引导非限制性定语从句,前面要有逗号,E木有,排除。
其次,BD两个选项用that引导限制性定语从句,and前后平行的为is visible 和produces.这样一来,主语就从aerugo变成了green "bloom",改变了原意;同时B选项前面用that,后面变成了which,并不平行,D选项produces用得是主动形态,不符合语义,排除。
最后,C选项中,produces为主动形态,和语义不符。
故应该选择A,A选项中and前后平行的为is the green "bloom" 以及is produced,主语为aerugo;visible前面省略了(that)。
不得不说,薰衣草前辈的前三字后三字的方法非常管用啊,哇哈哈哈
作者: UlysessHope 时间: 2011-10-23 16:03
Aerugo, also known as verdigris, is the green "bloom"
visible on many copper items, and is produced, like iron rust, over the course of time by the exposure of the metal to the oxygen in the atmosphere.
A visible on many copper items, and is produced
B that is visible on many copper items, and which produces
C visible on many copper items, and produces
D that is visible on many copper items, and that produces
E which is visible on many copper items, and which is produced
-- by 会员 superbat28 (2011/10/23 8:19:54)
同意楼上同学们的分析,从平行上就可以选出A
我是先从produce上考虑的,produce一般来说应该是作及物动词后接宾语,而like iron rust, over the course of time by the exposure of the metal to the oxygen in the atmosphere.这些都是作状语成分的。所以要用被动。排除了BCD
(但是后来我查到produce原来也可以作不及物动词?!那是不是根据produce也可不及物这一点无法排除选项了? )
我觉得E和A不仅仅是限定性和非限定性上有区别,而且第二个which的指代的一个小区别,Aerugo is produced
E是 the green "bloom" is produced 不过貌似影响不大,因为前句是主系表。
求指导~~~
作者: ddbxyrj 时间: 2011-10-23 16:40
A
1. 问题:which和that于限定或非限定从句的关系是否能作为主要判断依据?
2.补充观点: "like" iron rust, over the course of time by the 中,与like 结构平行使用Aerugo更好。如果是绿泡泡和 iron rust 对比就使得句子作者的逻辑违和了。
作者: hhou 时间: 2011-10-23 20:55
Aerugo, also known as verdigris, is the green "bloom"
visible on many copper items, and is produced, like iron rust, over the course of time by the exposure of the metal to the oxygen in the atmosphere.
A visible on many copper items, and is produced
B that is visible on many copper items, and which produces
C visible on many copper items, and produces
D that is visible on many copper items, and that produces
E which is visible on many copper items, and which is produced
-- by 会员 superbat28 (2011/10/23 8:19:54)
选A
平行
作者: geniealice 时间: 2011-10-24 08:16
Aerugo, also known as verdigris, is the green "bloom"
visible on many copper items, and is produced, like iron rust, over the course of time by the exposure of the metal to the oxygen in the atmosphere.
A visible on many copper items, and is produced
B that is visible on many copper items, and which produces
C visible on many copper items, and produces
D that is visible on many copper items, and that produces
E which is visible on many copper items, and which is produced
-- by 会员 superbat28 (2011/10/23 8:19:54)
A
句子主谓宾全且平行,只有AC
句意,为被动,选A
作者: leo5702 时间: 2011-10-24 10:33
Aerugo, also known as verdigris, is the green "bloom"
visible on many copper items, and is produced, like iron rust, over the course of time by the exposure of the metal to the oxygen in the atmosphere.
A visible on many copper items, and is produced
B that is visible on many copper items, and which
produces
C
visible on many copper items, and
produces
D that is visible on many copper items, and that
produces
E
which is visible on many copper items, and which is produced
-- by 会员 superbat28 (2011/10/23 8:19:54)
Aerugo xxx is ……,and is produced ……by……
我觉得选a
B,which和that引导定从指代bloom,不对。which似乎也多余了。
c,与a的区别是and后面用了主动,可是从逻辑意思来看,应该是areugo被动,因为后面有个by……,从意思上也能体会一下。
d,and后用了that,我觉得有点wordy,另外就是主动错。
e,which我印象中是在非限制性定语从句用的,而且which指代bloom错了。
所以a对。
作者: 庭草绿 时间: 2011-10-24 22:36
Aerugo, also known as verdigris, is the green "bloom" visible on many copper items, and is produced, like iron rust, over the course of time by the exposure of the metal to the oxygen in the atmosphere.
A visible on many copper items, and is produced
B that is visible on many copper items, and which produces
C visible on many copper items, and produces
D that is visible on many copper items, and that produces
E which is visible on many copper items, and which is produced
选A
B: 不平行 且应该是 be produced被动
C: 应该是被动
D: that修饰boom,而and后的that应修饰A,错误平行
E: which和and which错误平行
作者: fox0923 时间: 2011-10-25 02:02
忽略了主语是不能作为produce的行为人的,我错选了~
不过还是想进一步了解that/which在这里面修饰是不是只是因为修饰主语的错误,譬如说“and that.../ and which..."形式算是对的吗?什么情况下可以用?
作者: winghyy 时间: 2011-10-25 10:36
Aerugo, also known as verdigris, is the green "bloom"
visible on many copper items, and is produced, like iron rust, over the course of time by the exposure of the metal to the oxygen in the atmosphere.
A visible on many copper items, and is produced
B that is visible on many copper items, and which produces
C visible on many copper items, and produces
D that is visible on many copper items, and that produces
E which is visible on many copper items, and which is produced
-- by 会员 superbat28 (2011/10/23 8:19:54)
选A,visible on many copper items简洁,
Aerugo is the green "bloom"...and is produced,and连接,平行结构
作者: Jimmyzhang2012 时间: 2011-10-25 22:03
and 引导的平行 选A
未划线处的by 决定了 要用 produced (by), 快速排除BCD
E选项的定语从句相比A的形容词修饰wordy,并且改变了平行的层次(后面全部是bloom的修饰成分)
作者: lovepunch 时间: 2011-10-26 16:35
选E吧
我感觉只有E的语法结构正确,BCD因为后面的BY 和句意理解错误很明显,
A中visible 可以直接加在后面吗?虽然E我感觉有点改变句子重心了。 等待牛人吧。
-- by 会员 aaroncheng (2011/10/23 10:40:12)
关于你的提问,我可以很确定地说,n+adj要绝对优于n.+从句(表达意思一样的前提下),不过我真的想不起来是在哪里看到的了。。og?07语法笔记?白勇?还是某个语法总结。。不记得了,啊...材料太多,到了要回看总结的时候总是找不到相关内容,我希望记忆力能再好一点点。。。
作者: innerwarrior 时间: 2011-10-27 00:21
Aerugo, also known as verdigris, is the green "bloom" visible on many copper items, and is produced, like iron rust, over the course of time by the exposure of the metal to the oxygen in the atmosphere.
A visible on many copper items, and is produced
B that is visible on many copper items, and which produces
C visible on many copper items, and produces
D that is visible on many copper items, and that produces
E which is visible on many copper items, and which is produced
竟然有一题没做。。。好吧,补了~
1分12秒,选A
这道题其实看最后的be produced by。。。就可以直接把BCD干掉了。。。哎。。。我一开始还在判断that/which的指代是否错误。。。汗!
E的第一个和第二个which指代不清。第二个which本应该指aerugo,而不是“bloom”
作者: lovepunch 时间: 2011-10-27 17:09
Aerugo, also known as verdigris, is the green "bloom" visible on many copper items, and is produced, like iron rust, over the course of time by the exposure of the metal to the oxygen in the atmosphere.
A visible on many copper items, and is produced
B that is visible on many copper items, and which produces
C visible on many copper items, and produces
D that is visible on many copper items, and that produces
E which is visible on many copper items, and which is produced
考点:1)定语从句 2)and 平行结构 3)被动(句意理解)
第一步:很可惜,通过and的并列原则我并不能排除任何选项(我不确定B中的that 从句能否和which从句并列?!求大牛解答~)
以下是我摘自白勇的关于并列的总结:
介词短语和介词短语
名词短语和名词短语
动词短语和动词短语
分词短语和分词短语
现在分词可以和过去分词并列,作定语
形容词和形容词
名词短语和what从句
副词短语和介词短语并列作状语
than从句和介词短语并列
不定式与不定式(第二个及之后的省略to)
宾语从句:v.+that...and that...
定语从句:n.+in which...and in which
但是n. + in which ....and where..不能并列
n.+where...and who不能并列
但是n.+who...and whose 可以并列
-----END------
不过,以上没有说that 从句和which 从句能否并列(个人觉着,都用上两个从句了,没错也会wordy的。。)
第二步:并列原则不好用。就看句意吧。意思是说,金属长时间暴露在大气的氧气里从而产生了铜绿(verdigris),此处铜绿是被产生的,produce要用被动,那么主动的B,C,D均杀!(此处我们得出 :也不是任何时候都不能用被动的,所以句意理解是王道!)
第三步:关于n+visible好还是n+that is visible好?
今天认真查了白勇,“定语从句尽可能简化,常常省略that/which+be。如:
the chemical that is irritating => the chemical irritating
所以E排除。
还有我想说一点,关于E的 the green "bloom" which is visible这样的表达在GMAT中是不对的!见OG12-10" Some writers follow the convention that which can only be used for nonconstrictive clauses, but insistence on this rule is controversial."因此,限定性定从用that,非限定性用which.(就是看有木有逗号。。)
最后还有一个对于原句的质疑: Aerugo, also known as verdigris, is the green "bloom" visible on many copper items, and is produced, like iron rust, over the course of time by the exposure of the metal to the oxygen in the atmosphere.
疑问是:and前面有逗号,那么and后面是否少了个it?!!
扯来个prep07的类似题目:
56. (27435-!-item-!-188;#058&003186)
First discovered more than 30 years ago, Lina's sunbird, a four-and-a-half-inch animal found in the
Philippines and that resembles a hummingbird, has shimmering metallic colors on its head; a
brilliant orange patch, bordered with red tufts, in the center of its breast; and a red eye.
(A) found in the Philippines and that resembles
(B) found in the Philippines and that, resembling
(C) found in the Philippines and resembling
(D) that is found in the Philippines and it resembles
(E) that is found in the Philippines and that, resembling
考点: 平行对称(Parallelism)
1) 并列句主语相同,应该省略重复的主语
(A) animal found in…and that结构不平行
(B) and that没有平行的从句。
(C) 正确, animal found…and resembling两个分词修饰animal构成平行结构
(D) and连接的两个并列结构主语相同,后一个主语应该省略,去掉it.
(E) animal that is found…and that, resembling结构不平行,第二个that从句缺少谓语动词。
句子结构: First discovered.. Lina’s sunbird, a …animal found in… and resembling…, has…;句子
补充说明:
正确选项C中两个分词之所以一个用-ed形式,一个用-ing形式是因为found表示了被动态:animal is
found in the Philippines, 而resembling表示的主动语态:such animal resembles a hummingbird.(与
OG10-210题用法相同,可参考OG解释)
注意以下两个句子的区别:
1. Intar has moved away from the Spanish classics and now draws on the works of contemporary
Hispanic authors.
2. Intar has moved away from the Spanish classics, and now it draws on the works of
contemporary Hispanic authors.
第一个句子中and前没有逗号,因此and连接的两个并列句中第二个并列结构应该省略重复的主语. 而
第二句子中and前有逗号,因此and连接两个独立的句子,每个句子都需要自己的主谓宾,因此第二个句
子中的it不能省略.
我可能究得太细了。。见谅啊。。觉得麻烦就忽略吧。。
作者: superbat28 时间: 2011-10-27 23:31
回楼上~
非常正规的形式应该是:
1. SVO and VO 没有逗号,没有第二个主语
2. SVO, and SVO 有逗号,有第二个主语
但是,我们也接受SVO, and VO这样的形式,尤其是在第一套VO比较繁杂的时候,补出逗号使得句子层次更清晰,平行更明显~
作者: fox0923 时间: 2011-10-28 01:39
Choice E: This option is interesting for it does not have any grammar mistake. However, again we should pay close attention to the meaning of the sentence. As discussed in Choice B, in Choice E, the parallelism is "which is visible" and "which is produced", both describing "bloom". This faulty parallelism distorts the meaning of the sentence.
还是有问题,这里which不能够跳跃修饰前面的Axx吗?因为后面的is....也是解释Axx的插入语,我记得OG上面有一道题目就是由关于a technique called xxxx,which修饰前面的a technique,是不是因为没有逗号的加入所以就可以呢?
107. Originally developed for directing air pollutants, a technique called proton-induced X-ray emission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destorying it, is finding uses in medicine, archaelogy, and criminology.
作者: superbat28 时间: 2011-10-28 08:40
Choice E: This option is interesting for it does not have any grammar mistake. However, again we should pay close attention to the meaning of the sentence. As discussed in Choice B, in Choice E, the parallelism is "which is visible" and "which is produced", both describing "bloom". This faulty parallelism distorts the meaning of the sentence.
还是有问题,这里which不能够跳跃修饰前面的Axx吗?因为后面的is....也是解释Axx的插入语,我记得OG上面有一道题目就是由关于a technique called xxxx,which修饰前面的a technique,是不是因为没有逗号的加入所以就可以呢?
107. Originally developed for directing air pollutants,
a technique called proton-induced X-ray emission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destorying it, is finding uses in medicine, archaelogy, and criminology.
-- by 会员 fox0923 (2011/10/28 1:39:37)
不一样的。。Q107 是【名词+后置修饰语】的形式,相当于是【核心词+修饰词】,这个时候which是可以跳跃指代的。
但是,这道manhattan是,【主谓宾】结构,中间有一个谓语就把主语和宾语隔开了。which指代可以跳跃修饰词,但是绝对不能跳跃be动词。
作者: fox0923 时间: 2011-10-29 03:33
明白了,谢谢bat大神的讲解~
作者: lovepunch 时间: 2011-10-29 21:27
回楼上~
非常正规的形式应该是:
1. SVO and VO 没有逗号,没有第二个主语
2. SVO, and SVO 有逗号,有第二个主语
但是,我们也接受SVO, and VO这样的形式,尤其是在第一套VO比较繁杂的时候,补出逗号使得句子层次更清晰,平行更明显~
-- by 会员 superbat28 (2011/10/27 23:31:11)
明白明白~~~谢谢啦!~
作者: balapupu 时间: 2011-12-10 20:54
Aerugo, also known as verdigris, is the green "bloom" visible on many copper items, and is produced, like iron rust, over the course of time by the exposure of the metal to the oxygen in the atmosphere.
A visible on many copper items, and is produced-->R,注意后面有by..所以要用 is produced.
B that is visible on many copper items, and which produces-->which 有指代 items 的嫌疑.
C visible on many copper items, and produces-->produces 无法和后面的by对应.
D that is visible on many copper items, and that produces-->多了that 成了后面的句子修饰bloom,改变句意.
E which is visible on many copper items, and which is produced-->which 和which 并列,使得后一句话修饰bloom改变句意,一般来说限制性定语从句不用 which
作者: 南瓜0729 时间: 2011-12-17 20:21
Aerugo, also known as verdigris, is the green "bloom" visible on many copper items, and is produced, like iron rust, over the course of time by the exposure of the metal to the oxygen in the atmosphere.
A visible on many copper items, and is produced
B that is visible on many copper items, and which produces
C visible on many copper items, and produces
D that is visible on many copper items, and that produces
E which is visible on many copper items, and which is produced 应该和主句并列??
选A
作者: maxiv 时间: 2011-12-27 18:19
Aerugo, also known as verdigris, is the green "bloom" visible on many copper items, and is produced, like iron rust, over the course of time by the exposure of the metal to the oxygen in the atmosphere.
A visible on many copper items, and is produced
对
B that is visible on many copper items, and which produces
which使得produce的对象变成了copper items,而不是aerugo
C visible on many copper items, and produces
that指代从句中的subj,不能扔。is 与produces不平
D that is visible on many copper items, and that produces
双that使得green bloom变成了produces的主语
E which is visible on many copper items, and which is produced
which使得produce的对象变成了copper items,而不是aerugo
作者: zhitaochen 时间: 2013-6-16 02:22
A visible on many copper items, and is produced
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