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标题: 弱弱的问狒狒里的几道逻辑 17 ，21,24,29 [打印本页]

作者: summerwaker 时间: 2011-10-21 23:41
标题: 弱弱的问狒狒里的几道逻辑 17 ，21,24,29
17. Psychologist: Some astrologers claim that our horoscopes completelydetermine our personalities, but this claim is false, I concede that identicaltwins---who are, of course, born at practically the same time---often do havesimilar personalities. However, birth records were examined to find twoindividuals who were born 40 years ago on the same day and at exactly the sametime---one in a hospital in Toronto and one in a hospital in New York.Personalities of these two individuals are in fact different.
Which one of the following is an assumption on which the psychologist’sargument depends?
(A) Astrologers have not subjected their claims to rigorousexperimentation.
(B) The personality differences between the two individuals cannot beexplained by the cultural difference between Toronto and New York.
(C) The geographical difference between Toronto and New York did notresult in the two individuals having different horoscopes.
(D) Complete birth records for the past 40 years were kept at bothhospitals.
(E) Identical twins have identical genetic structures and usually havesimilar home environments.
不理解为什么选C呢，明明讲不通啊，而且 geographical difference跟different horoscopes完全无关啊.？？？一脑袋问号

21. Historian: We can learn about the medical history of individualsthrough chemical analysis of their hair. It is likely, for example, that Isaac Newton
’spsychological problems were due to mercury poisoning; traces of mercury werefound in his hair. Analysis is now being done on a lock of Beethoven
’shair. Although no convincing argument has shown that Beethovenever had a venereal disease, some people hypothesize that venereal diseasecaused his deafness. Since mercury was commonly ingested in Beethoven’stime to treat venereal disease, if researchers find a trace of mercury in hishair, we can conclude that this hypothesis is correct. Which one of the following is an assumption on which the historian’sargument depends?
(A) None of the mercury introduced into the body can be eliminated.
(B) Some people in Beethoven’s time did notingest mercury.
(C) Mercury is an effective treatment for venereal disease.
(D) Mercury poisoning can cause deafness in people with venerealdisease.
(E) Beethoven suffered from psychologicalproblems of the same severity as Newton
’s.解释里面说The 2nd assumption isonly some people in Beethoven's time will ingest mercury, if all people ingestmercury, the evidence is not useful.为什么？

24. The interstitial nucleus, a subregion of the brain’s hypothalamus,is typically smaller for male cats than for female cats. A neurobiologistperformed autopsies on male cats who died from disease X, a disease affectingno more than .05 percent of male cats, and found that these male cats hadinterstitial nuclei that were as large as those generally found in female cats.Thus, the size of the interstitial nucleus determines whether or not male catscan contract disease X.Which one of the following statements, if true, most seriously weakensthe argument?
(A) No female cats have been known to contract disease X, which is asubtype of disease Y.
(B) Many male cats who contract disease X also contract disease Z, thecause of which is unknown.
(C) the interstitial nuclei of female cats who contact disease X arelarger than those of female cats who do not contract disease X.
(D) Of 1,000 autopsies on male cats who did not contract disease X, 5revealed interstitial nuclei larger than those of the average male cat.
(E) The hypothalamus is known not to be causally linked to disease Y,and disease X is a subtype of disease Y.
解释是，E is the bestanswer. Disease X is the subtype is disease Y, if disease Y has no link withhypothalamus, X must have no link with hypothalamus.我还是觉得不能weaken

29. The price of a full-fare coach ticket from Torontoto Dallas

on Breezeway Airlines is the same today as it was a year ago, if inflation istaken into account by calculating prices in constant dollars. However, today 90percent of the Toronto-to-Dallas coach tickets that Breezeway sells arediscount tickets and only 10 percent are full-fare tickets, whereas a year agohalf were discount tickets and half were full-fare tickets. Therefore, onaverage, people pay less today in constant dollars for a BreezewayToronto-to-Dallas coach ticket than they did a year ago. Which one of the following, if assumed, would allow the conclusionabove to be properly drawn?
(A) A Toronto-to-Dallas
full-fare coach ticket on Breezeway Airlines provides ticket-holders with alower level of service today than such a ticket provided a year ago. (B) A Toronto-to-Dallas
discount coach ticket on Breezeway Airlines costs about the same in constantdollars as they did a year ago. (C) All full-fare coach tickets on Breezeway Airlines cost the same inconstant dollars as they did a year ago.
(D) The average number of coach passengers per flight that BreezewayAirlines carries from Toronto to Dallas
today ishigher than the average number per flight a year ago. (E) The criteria that Breezeway Airlines uses for permitting passengersto buy discount coach tickets on the Toronto-to-Dallas
route are different today than they were a year ago. 答案是B,可是B明明就是文章中第一句话的原文改写啊，怎么能是assumption呢

有点长，希望各位帮忙解决~~！！谢谢~

作者: fdunan 时间: 2011-10-22 01:28
17 c选项阅读时可以把not先去掉，发现c选项的否命题会起到weaken作用，那么c选项本身就变成假设加强结论了。
如果星座和地区差异有关，就不能说星座决定性格的观点是错误的。

作者: summerwaker 时间: 2011-10-22 08:07
这种取非削弱，前提要是觉得这个选项make sense吧？

作者: summerwaker 时间: 2011-10-22 08:08

17 c选项阅读时可以把not先去掉，发现c选项的否命题会起到weaken作用，那么c选项本身就变成假设加强结论了。
如果星座和地区差异有关，就不能说星座决定性格的观点是错误的。

-- by 会员 fdunan (2011/10/22 1:28:09)

这种取非削弱，前提要是觉得这个选项make sense吧？

作者: 毛古警长 时间: 2011-10-22 12:36

-- by 会员 fdunan (2011/10/22 1:28:09)

这种取非削弱，前提要是觉得这个选项make sense吧？

-- by 会员 summerwaker (2011/10/22 8:08:43)

同问，觉得E选项更合理一些，identical twins有相似的生活环境是区别于后面两个40岁的人的例子的key point. BTW, 做了20-30道狒狒，总感觉有这种答案无论如何都想不通的题，跟OG的感觉不太一样，是否说明狒狒的出题思路跟OG还是有很大差别的

作者: summerwaker 时间: 2011-10-22 22:24

-- by 会员 fdunan (2011/10/22 1:28:09)

这种取非削弱，前提要是觉得这个选项make sense吧？

-- by 会员 summerwaker (2011/10/22 8:08:43)

-- by 会员毛古警长 (2011/10/22 12:36:28)

是啊！我也是觉得看了答案后还是想不通啊，OG的话看了答案还是觉得make sense的。

作者: onlyonyou 时间: 2012-2-26 21:35
懂了,谢谢~~~

作者: shapooya 时间: 2012-2-27 09:44
17 我觉得选b啊，如果地域差异可以引起性格差异的话假说就不成立了啊。。只有排除其他因素才能说明不完全又星座决定

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