168. Today, because of improvements in agricultural technology, the same amount of acreage produces double the apples that it has in 1910.
(A) double the apples that it has
(B) twice as many apples as it did
(C) as much as twice the apples it has
(D) two times as many apples as there were
(E) a doubling of the apples that it did
Choice B, the best answer, correctly uses the adverbial phrase twice as many... to modify the verb produces; properly employs many rather than much to describe a quantity made up of countable units (apples); and appropriately substitutes did for the understood produced to express the logically necessary past tense of produces. Choice A awkwardly substitutes the adjective double for twice; uses that without a clear referent; and misuses has to refer to events occurring in 1910. Choice C employs the incorrect much in a wordy construction and also misuses has. D is wordy and imprecise;... as there were in 1910 refers to all apples produced in 1910, regardless of location. E is illogical: since that refers to a doubling, E nonsensically asserts that the doubling occurred in 1910.
想请问
（Ａ）that 为何指代不清楚, 除apples之外还有什麽可能指代的吗？
(E) that 为何是指代 doubling ? 不能logically 指 apples吗？
谢谢
如果A中that指代apples，那么it又指代谁呢？it是个单数，所以that it has从句没有合适的指代对象；
E中that定从的指代对象只可能是doubling或apples这两个名词，而it表明指代对象是单数，所以只有doubling。
谢谢stoneren 和 Teky 的解答
我懂了
谢谢～
D is wordy and imprecise;... as there were in 1910 refers to all apples produced in 1910, regardless of location.
斜线部分是说什莫意思啊？是不是说，这样的表达成了说：1910年产的所有的apples，而不是the same amount of acrage 上产的apples了？location是指the same amount of acrage？
Ｔo irenelj78: 你想的挺对的呀．
这道题我有和楼主一样的疑问:uses that without a clear referent?
我认为it 是指代the same amount of acreage, 而that 指代apples, 挺清晰的, 为什么说that without a clear referent? 语法上应该通呀, 不过逻辑似乎不通.
因为答案A似乎在说: 现在生产了双倍的1910年生产的苹果,即一半的苹果同时出现在现在和1910年.
还有一种我能想到的可能的语法指代错误:是不是在正式语体中that 不能指代宾语？
如果把答案Ａ换成double the apples as it did对不对？
请高手指点， 谢谢！！！！！！！！！！！！！！
如果A中that指代apples，那么it又指代谁呢？it是个单数，所以that it has从句没有合适的指代对象；
E中that定从的指代对象只可能是doubling或apples这两个名词，而it表明指代对象是单数，所以只有doubling
我不明白stoneren的解释：
A和C中that引导定语从句，并且that在从句中做宾语成份，这和it有什么关系? it 可以指代the same amount of acreage阿！！
请指教！！
OG168的帖子不知为什么只有这一个，可能是大家都懂了，而我有些问题请大家指教：特别是stoneren XD
OG对选项B的解释：and appropriately substitutes did for the understood produced to express the logically necessary past tense of produces
所以it对应指代the same amount of acreage应该没错
楼主所说第一个问题（Ａ）that 为何指代不清楚, 除apples之外还有什麽可能指代的吗？
试着说一下，that＝double the apples，（其中double是形容词性），也可能that＝ the apples，所以OG说指代不清
第二个问题，我还要请大家帮忙呢，怎么OG会说E is illogical: since that refers to a doubling, E nonsensically asserts that the doubling occurred in 1910. 特别是着色部分，难道E选项中it＝the doubling ?
OG对选项B的解释：and appropriately substitutes did for the understood produced to express the logically necessary past tense of produces
所以it对应指代the same amount of acreage应该没错
楼主所说第一个问题（Ａ）that 为何指代不清楚, 除apples之外还有什麽可能指代的吗？that从逻辑上应该是引导指代amount of acreage的定从，但是，从语法上，其更适合引导指代apples，造成逻辑和语法上指代的差异。
试着说一下，that＝double the apples，（其中double是形容词性），也可能that＝ the apples，所以OG说指代不清 (定从只能修饰名词，所以你这个解释我认为不是很正确)
第二个问题，我还要请大家帮忙呢，怎么OG会说E is illogical: since that refers to a doubling, E nonsensically asserts that the doubling occurred in 1910. (a doubling是个名词，定从中it指单数，所以优先指代doubling)
特别是着色部分，难道E选项中it＝the doubling ?
g
我不明白stoneren的解释：
A和C中that引导定语从句，并且that在从句中做宾语成份，这和it有什么关系? it 可以指代the same amount of acreage阿！！
请指教！！
A选项double the apples that it has，先不考虑其中主语it的指代问题
that修饰的名词是要在定语从句中做宾语，
stoneren XD的意思是不是说that从逻辑上应修饰名词amount of acreage，但从语法上应就近修饰the apples。因此就有歧义了
但还是要考虑主语it的指代问题啊，单数it从逻辑、语法上都应指代amout of acreage，导致that从逻辑上 不能 应修饰名词amount of acreage
请石兄，斧正
呵呵，我发了贴后，不管自己帖子对不对，先对你以上的说法，叫好
特别是has的词性，我想错了，应该是has (produced)，但不影响我发的疑问哦
特别感谢stoneren，
偶比较愚钝，还不是很明白，再想想，想想。。。
Today, because of improvements in agricultural technology, the same amount of acreage produces double the apples that it has in 1910.
(B) twice as many apples as it did 首先，我们先修正A种double the apples和has的错误，假设改为一个似乎可行的表达：two more apples；从句子的表达来看，原文想说明的是：现在同样面积的土地可以比1910年的土地多种出2个苹果(依照我们的假设)；那么如果that作为定从的宾语，句子就是the same amount of acreage produces two more apples that it did in 1910，这里的that显然是修饰two more apples的，难道1910年种出来的仅仅是这两个多出来的苹果么？显然，从逻辑上，that修饰two more apples是不合适的； 对于修饰对象的倒装，我补充一点，这里的the same amount of acreage produces two more apples that it did in 1910的从句比较复合逻辑的表达是the same amount of acreage (that produced 100 apples in 1910) produces two more apples now. 但是，相比A的意图：表达年代差异和产量差异，这种表达又不是很精确，所以B是最佳选择。
特别感谢rt316。看了你的解释，我觉得是不是可以把168题的A选项“double the apples that it has”这样理解：
that指代定语从句的宾语apples。it是that从句的主语，应该指代that指代的东西－也就是apples。显然it指代apples是错的（单复数错，与谓语的逻辑上也错），因此A错。
对于E选项“a doubling of the apples that it did”，A of B的结构，A是核心词。因此that指代A，也就是“a doubling”。同理，若it指代doubling，与谓语连接来读，逻辑上显然错。因此E选项错。
不知道我这样理解对么？请指教
OG里面解释：Choice C employs the incorrect much in a wordy construction and also misuses has.
可以看出C的错误有三点：
1，“the incorrect much” 修饰apples，可数名词用much错
2，“in a wordy construction ” 选项C本身wordy。twice是副词，修饰produce理应离produce越近越好，所以，这个结构本身错
3，has 错
C中as much as twice我认为不对，much修饰不可数，twice修饰可数。
E中的指代问题我同意上面说的that可能指代doubling 或 apples，根据语法优先指代doubling.（携隐的经典总结）
A我认为是个错句子，没什么必要追求that在个错句子里怎么指代不清。因为double如果为形容词adj+the+n.的结构对吗？我没见过。
以上为个人意见，请大家指正。
C中as much as twice我认为不对，much修饰不可数，twice修饰可数。
这个表达的确不对，但是twice as many/much ... as的表达方法是对的
agree
出现double的表比较倍数的情况，一定是它为动词，表达形式为：
the number + double/triple/quadruple/quintuple
如OG 72：
72. The number of undergraduate degrees in engineering awarded by colleges and universities in the United States more than doubled from 1978 to 1985.
164. The commission proposed that funding for the park's development, which could be open to the public early next year. is obtained through a local bond issue.
(A) that funding for the park's development, which could be open to the public early next year, is
(B) that funding for development of the park, which could be open to the public early next year, be
(C) funding for the development of the park, perhaps open to the public early next year, to be
(D) funds for the park's development, perhaps open to the public early next year, be
(E) development funding for the park, which could be open to the public early next year, is to be
我想请问根据携隐的经典总结关于代词指代的原则:优先指代主句主语的核心词(就是A of B中的A,因此E中that指代的是doubling而不是apples),但为什么164中的which可以优先指代park呢?是因为限定用法跟非限定用法的差别吗?对于指代问题真是越看越困惑了.烦请各位mm帮忙.谢谢~~
1、A of B that/which的结构中，代词都优先指代A，这是毫无疑问的。
2、164的结构是A for B of C结构，ETS这个结构倾向于优先指代C。只是大家的讨论都没有确定下来，各位可以翻翻164的讨论。
另外A for B结构大家认为雷同A of B结构，指代优先A。
A/C中的has是否因为时态不正确才不选？还是说因为前面是produces,所以如果用has,那么要补出produced after has,即：has produced.
请教！！！！！
A/C中的has是否因为时态不正确才不选？还是说因为前面是produces,所以如果用has,那么要补出produced after has,即：has produced.
请教！！！！！
has如果在这里理解为助动词，那么意味着省略了produced.表达现在完成时。错！因为后面是in 1910.
has如果在这里理解为实义动词“有”的意思，也错！第一、时态不对，应该用过去时；第二、意思不对，不能说the same amount of acreage有两倍的苹果，而是产两倍的苹果。
所以，has注定错。
这一题如果用what代替the apples that，改写为下面这样会更简洁，也避免了that指代不清的问题：
Today, because of improvements in agricultural technology, the same amount of acreage produces double what it did in 1910.
1、A of B that/which的结构中，代词都优先指代A，这是毫无疑问的。
2、164的结构是A for B of C结构，ETS这个结构倾向于优先指代C。只是大家的讨论都没有确定下来，各位可以翻翻164的讨论。
另外A for B结构大家认为雷同A of B结构，指代优先A。
黄色部分有疑义,OG164里的A不就是A for B的结构吗,为啥OG说which指B捏? GMAT的指代很灵活.
是不是说正因为搞不清that究竟指代a doubling还是apples，所以不正确呢？？
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