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标题: Season 2——manhattan 31（已点评） [打印本页]

作者: superbat28 时间: 2011-10-18 08:22
标题: Season 2——manhattan 31（已点评）
从今天起的十道题，由我post哈~大家早安~Keep fighting.

31. Until Antoine Lavoisier proved otherwise in the eighteenth century, many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood.
A many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood
B many scientists believed that phlogiston was an imaginary substance released by combustion and its properties were not fully understood
C phlogiston was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood and which many scientists had believed was released by combustion
D phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood, was believed by scientists to be released by combustion
E many scientists had believed that phlogiston was released by combustion and was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood

选项解析：
The original sentence does not have any flaws. Although Choice E does not have any grammar mistakes, it is not the correct meaning that the author intends to convey.

Choice A: Correct Answer. The tense is fine in this choice. The past perfect tense (had believed) indicates the sequence of the two verbs (believe happens beforeprove). An imaginary substance is the appositive of phlogiston.
Choice B: The meaning of the sentence is not clear. To maintain parallelism, that must be inserted before its. Besides, Choice B implies that “After eighteenth century, scientists do not believe that phlogiston was an imaginary substance”. Clearly, this is not what the author wants to convey.
Choice C: Making phlogiston the subject of the sentence distorts the meaning of the sentence and wrongly suggests that phlogiston is not an imaginary substance after Antoine Lavoisier proves something.
Choice D: The sequence of the words makes this sentence awkward. There is no need to use the inverted sentence.
Choice E: Basically, there is no grammar mistake in the sentence. However, if we take the meaning of the sentence into consideration, we will find that this choice also distorts the original meaning and thus has logic problem. It is fine to say “Until Antoine Lavoisier proved otherwise in the eighteenth century, many scientists had believed that phlogiston was released by combustion.”
But we cannot say “Until Antoine Lavoisier proved otherwise in the eighteenth century, many scientists had believed that phlogiston was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood.” This sentence means that after 18^th century, scientists do not believe that Phlogiston is an imaginary substance. This is not what the author intended to convey.

题目点评：
本题涉及考点：逻辑意思
本题考点相当纠结，其实五个选项都没有较为明显的语法错误点，所以再次提醒我们要在读句子的时候关注句子的句意。诚然在第一次读句子的时候，可能并不能完全读懂句子的逻辑意思，但是要在读句子的过程中关注这个句子都包含了哪些要素，并能在脑袋里做到瞬间闪存。因为此题中，各个选项都没有绝对的语法错误点，故对于剩余选项只好挨个读。但是这个读的过程中，要感受这么写句子会把句子的逻辑意思改变成什么样子，并在这个过程中不断和以前读过的句子做对比，从而感悟到作者真正想要表达的句意。
有童鞋可能会从时态上先下手，这个想法是正确的。AE的过去完成时确实优于BCD的一般过去时，但是这并不是因为until而引起的。Until后面其实可以跟过去完成时，也可以跟一般过去时。这道题，过去完成时之所以优越是因为通过过去完成时，可以清晰表达出believe是在prove之前的。

思路点评：
我继续强调这道题特别考察语义逻辑，所以我想说的是：其实这就是GMAT考察语义逻辑的方式，所以everyone， please pay attention to such thinking style.

9楼innerwarrior 问：“until打头，后面的动词是该过去还是过去完成啊”
答：事实上until后面可以一般过去时，也可以一般完成时的。所以，并不是until在决定后面跟什么时态，而是句意是否要去表述【前后两个动作的先后顺序】在决定我们是要用一般过去时，还是过去完成时。

12楼majestywhite对于C选项的理解：“which指代不好！指代不到前面的P这个物质。”
答：我感觉其实可以说这么指代不直接，但是不能说它真心就指代不到【前面P这个物质】了。也就是说，因为前面那是一个【主系表】结构，其实指代表语和指代主语意思上来看是相同的，只是当然直接去指代主语去点明【P那个物质】会更直接一些咯~

对于12楼还需要指出的一点就是，这种大体思路，先排除谁，后在哪几个选项纠结其实是对的。但是对于A和E的抉择，一定要考虑得更针对性一些~不要被自己带偏了~

本次精华楼层：7楼geniealice 和 12楼majestywhite

大家多些做题感受哇！！！~~~我们好来占领精华楼层！~

作者: 庭草绿 时间: 2011-10-18 08:47
第一次来～试试
选A：因为时间点是proved之前，即过去的过去，要用过去完成时；an imaginary substance同位语修饰phlogiston.
B: 没用过去完成时，而且改变了句意：科学家认为燃烧释放P，而不是认为 P是一种物质。其实也可以是说被动不好吧～～
C：which指代错误，应指代P，在C中指代了substance;而且使用了被动，不好
D: 被动不好
E：被动不好

作者: 三颗猫饼干 时间: 2011-10-18 09:44
这个题目是从哪里的来的呀？

作者: superbat28 时间: 2011-10-18 09:46

这个题目是从哪里的来的呀？

-- by 会员三颗猫饼干 (2011/10/18 9:44:44)

manhattan论坛~

作者: clover033 时间: 2011-10-18 10:03
31. Until Antoine Lavoisier proved otherwise in the eighteenth century, many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood.
A many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood~~B many scientists believed that phlogiston was an imaginary substance released by combustion and its properties were not fully understood~~
C phlogiston was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood and which many scientists had believed was released by combustion
~~D phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood, was believed by scientists to be released by combustion~~
E many scientists had believed that phlogiston was released by combustion and was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood

选A。

1、时态。until +动词过去式，故主句的谓语动词应该使用过去完成时，表示直到“proved”这个动作发生的时候，科学家们都持有这样的看法，是一个持续的动作；故排除B,D.
2、语态。C,E从一定程度上都使用了被动语态，在GMAT语法中显得wordy。

作者: 若雪 时间: 2011-10-18 10:52
冒个泡~~~~~~打个酱油~~~~飘过~~~嘻嘻~~~

作者: nhelpn 时间: 2011-10-18 11:22
A吧

作者: geniealice 时间: 2011-10-18 13:04

从今天起的十道题，由我post哈~大家早安~Keep fighting.

31. Until Antoine Lavoisier proved otherwise in the eighteenth century, many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood.
A many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood
B many scientists believed that phlogiston was an imaginary substance released by combustion and its properties were not fully understood
C phlogiston was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood and which many scientists had believed was released by combustion
D phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood, was believed by scientists to be released by combustion
E many scientists had believed that phlogiston was released by combustion and was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood

-- by 会员 superbat28 (2011/10/18 8:22:30)

又是so trick。。。一道

A，Verb from; Rhetorical construction
Until AL prove ..., ... had believed that ... 过去的过去
that后面完整的SVO，后面an imaginary substance ...是同位语
whose引导定语从句a substance‘s properties were not fully understood

B，its指代不清；时态为一般过去
C，phlogiston was an imaginary substance成了主句，跟开头until搭配，逻辑不合
D，删去插入语，主句逻辑不合
E，... believed that phlogiston was an imaginary substance，好像以前不觉得神奇一样。。。

我承认查字典了。。。要是考场，可能会有点慌。。。

作者: 听枫 时间: 2011-10-18 13:30

-- by 会员 superbat28 (2011/10/18 8:22:30)

从时态上来看，until之后的时间是eighteenth century是过去的时间，所以主句的时态应该是过去完成时，所以排除BCD，在AE中选。
E选项中无谓的被动使得句子不够简洁明了。
A选项中句子时态正确，结构清晰，an imaginary...作为同位语也很合适。
所以我认为选Ａ。

作者: innerwarrior 时间: 2011-10-18 20:21
31. Until Antoine Lavoisier proved otherwise in the eighteenth century, many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood.
A many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood
B many scientists believed that phlogiston was an imaginary substance released by combustion and its properties were not fully understood
C phlogiston was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood and which many scientists had believed was released by combustion
D phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood, was believed by scientists to be released by combustion
E many scientists had believed that phlogiston was released by combustion and was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood

Bat来啦，哈哈，赞
这题蛮有难度的嘛
选E
until打头，后面的动词是该过去还是过去完成啊，好像过去完成逻辑上跟通顺点，请斑斑帮忙确认下。
从逻辑意思上：直到AL在18世纪证明了其他情况，许多科学家过去一直相信P是由c释放的，并且P是一个i的物质，这个物质的属性并没有完全被理解

作者: Jimmyzhang2012 时间: 2011-10-18 20:27
选A
A many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood
用过去完成时表达过去的过去这一含义清晰的体现了事件的先后顺序。同位语的结构修饰phlogiston 也很简洁明了

B many scientists believed that phlogiston was an imaginary substance released by combustion and its properties were not fully understood
一般过去时不好； its指代不明：语法上指代靠近的combusion ，逻辑意义上指代较远的phlogiston

C phlogiston was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood and which many scientists had believed was released by combustion
and连接的成分不平行提炼一下前后成分就变成 was an substance and which...

D phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood, was believed by scientists to be released by combustion
两个被动读起来都饶口

E many scientists had believed that phlogiston was released by combustion and was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood
phlogiston was an imaginary substance 是一个常识性描述应该用一般现在时。即便用了一般现在时和A比还是同位语修饰简洁明了

作者: leo5702 时间: 2011-10-18 21:26

-- by 会员 superbat28 (2011/10/18 8:22:30)

直到A.L. proved……， many scientists had believed that……，a substance……
时态和同位语
选a
b，时态错；
c，定语从句指代错误，应该指代phlogiston，而不是substance。主语改成了phlogiston。
d，时态和被动语态不好；
e，被动语态表达不如a好。

作者: majestywhite 时间: 2011-10-18 21:56
Until Antoine Lavoisier proved otherwise in the eighteenth century, many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood.
A many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood
B many scientists believed that phlogiston was an imaginary substance released by combustion and its properties were not fully understood
C phlogiston was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood and which many scientists had believed was released by combustion
D phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood, was believed by scientists to be released by combustion
E many scientists had believed that phlogiston was released by combustion and was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood

我选E。
首先，until后面是过去式，根据句意主句用过去完成时很合适。于是AB比较，就可以排除B。同时，B是被动语态也不是很好。
C里面，which指代不好！指代不到前面的P这个物质。
D里面，从头到尾的被动态，不好，而且主句最好用人做主语，与until从句的AL这个人对称一下。gmat讲究对称美哈。
AE里面我纠结了很久。
后来选了E。
是因为根据句子意思的完整程度。
A说，直到AL证明XXX，很多科学家在以前都认为C释放P，然后是P的同位语。
E说，直到AL证明XXX，很多科学家在以前都认为P是由C释放的且P是一种属性不被人完全地理解的虚拟物质。

那么A的意思就暗示了AL证明C没释放P。
而E的意思暗示了P的释放问题和P到底是不是虚拟物质。

感觉上来讲，除了被动语态问题，E都很好，虽然GMAT也很prefer主动态，但我觉得从句意上来讲E更加完整和符合逻辑。所以我选E

作者: jj449 时间: 2011-10-20 05:11
ADE里纠结了半天，我觉得选A……

作者: hhou 时间: 2011-10-20 12:02

-- by 会员 superbat28 (2011/10/18 8:22:30)

选A
“Until ...”，在过去的一个动作前发生的，时态应该用过去完成，排除BCD
A明显优于E，Ewordy

作者: maxiv 时间: 2011-12-8 04:53
31. Until Antoine Lavoisier proved otherwise in the eighteenth century,
many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood.
A many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood
combustion released phlogiston是被认知的一个概念，不应该ed格式
B many scientists believed that phlogiston was an imaginary substance released by combustion and its properties were not fully understood
were复数错；it指代不明。
C phlogiston was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood and which many scientists had believed was released by combustion
whose就近指代，logic错；which指代过远。
D phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood, was believed by scientists to be released by combustion
awkward，莫名其妙的倒装和插入语。
E many scientists had believed that phlogiston was released by combustion and was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood
对

答错了

本题是一道经典的非语法题，而更多的是“语意题”！------------很难
注意until对主语动作的限定。
也就是说xdf的句子顺序不能轻易改变的“铁律”曾经被人说不准，但也并非一定错。
当句子主语发生变化的时候，以及结构发生变化的时候，一定要检查是否扭曲了句意（尤其联系时态看）

作者: balapupu 时间: 2011-12-10 19:55
31. Until Antoine Lavoisier proved otherwise in the eighteenth century, many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood.
A many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood?R had 很好的表现了时间的对比.
B many scientists believed that phlogiston was an imaginary substance released by combustion and its properties were not fully understood?被动语态木有主动语态简洁，时态木有A好.
C phlogiston was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood and which many scientists had believed was released by combustion?逻辑主语不对，which指代不好，被动也不好.
D phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood, was believed by scientists to be released by combustion?逻辑主语不对, 被动也不好.
E many scientists had believed that phlogiston was released by combustion and was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood?and 前后不平行.

作者: 南瓜0729 时间: 2011-12-18 16:42
31. Until Antoine Lavoisier proved otherwise in the eighteenth century, many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood.
A many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood
B many scientists believed that phlogiston was an imaginary substance released by combustion and its properties were not fully understood 从句变成并列句改变意思而且被动不如主动好
C phlogiston was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood and which many scientists had believed was released by combustion 应该是scientist为主语
D phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood, was believed by scientists to be released by combustion 修饰模糊而且被动不如主动
E many scientists had believed that phlogiston was released by combustion and was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood 改变句意选A

作者: maxiv 时间: 2011-12-27 18:39
31. Until Antoine Lavoisier proved otherwise in the eighteenth century, many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood.

A many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood
对。但是后面的were有点吓人哦，时态对吗。

B many scientists believed that phlogiston was an imaginary substance released by combustion and its properties were not fully understood
有until，所以had不能扔

C phlogiston was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood and which many scientists had believed was released by combustion
and前后的平行是什么啊。was错

D phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood, was believed by scientists to be released by combustion
有until，所以was错

E many scientists had believed that phlogiston was released by combustion and was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood
release与be不平行

作者: zhitaochen 时间: 2013-6-16 02:19
A many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood
E many scientists had believed that phlogiston was released by combustion and was an imaginary substance whose properties were not fully understood

MO: A

作者: joannahope 时间: 2014-8-17 10:26

majestywhite 发表于 2011-10-18 21:56
Until Antoine Lavoisier proved otherwise in the eighteenth century, many scientists had believed tha ...

B 中 its指代不清但是为什么版主在its前加了 that？

作者: 噜辣小姐 时间: 2017-6-21 14:14

Jimmyzhang2012 发表于 2011-10-18 20:27
选AA many scientists had believed that combustion released phlogiston, an imaginary substance whose ...

这里it 我不同意因为根据ron的语法课上说的原则，
GMAT can tolerate pronoun ambiguity if:
the context is obvious
the pronoun is parallel to the intended noun
the pronoun is not parallel to the other noun
这个it是正确的－－我觉得只是这个时态的问题，应该是had

作者: 葱葱爱豹子头 时间: 2019-3-31 20:44
在听Thursday with Ron. Tommy有讲这个题：
B错最大的问题是语意不对。按照选项的意思，这里主要强调的是imaginary，但并不是科学家们相信这个物质是imaginary的，而是相信combustion released phlogiston。
C的话也是语意问题：直到A.L.证明了之后，phlogiston才是一种imaginary substance吗？显然不对，因为phlogiston一直是imaginary的。
D中，后半句was believed by scientists to be released by combustion用了太多被动语态和modifiers，整个句子很别扭
E中，scientists believe...phlogiston was an imaginary substance...错误同B；而且用了太多被动语态。

Tommy还说until后面是可以用一般过去时的，主要还是看句意。另外不能仅凭passive就去排除一个选项，必须再去找其他问题。

作者: 行素 时间: 2019-7-2 01:36
难道大家一点都没有疑问：whose为什么能指代无生命物体么？

作者: AMBER513 时间: 2019-9-6 20:33
看一下！

作者: AMBER513 时间: 2019-9-20 09:48
看一下！

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